INSTITUTIONAL TRAINING

REPORT ON

U.K. KNITTING COMPANY LIMITED

Submitted by
DINESH KUMAR.L
(18BAM012)

Under the Guidance of Faculty guide

Dr. T. Christy Chanchu, M.Sc (Eco)., M.Phil., Ph.D., SET
Assistant Professor

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree
B.COM (ACTUARIAL MANAGEMENT)

GRD SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

DR. G. R. DAMODRAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
(Autonomous and affiliated to the Bharathiar University)
Accredited at the FIVE STAR level by NAAC and ISO 9001:2008 certified
Avinashi Road, Coimbatore – 641014

JANUARY 2021
 GRD SCHOOL OF COMMERCE AND INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
DR. G. R. DAMODARAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
(Autonomous and affiliated to the Bharathiar University)
Accredited at the FIVE STAR level by NAAC and ISO
9001:2008 certified
Coimbatore – 641014

CERTIFICATE

This to certify that the Internship report done at U.K.KNITTING

COMPANY LTD. has been submitted by DINESHKUMAR.L (18BAM012) in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor of
Commerce in Actuarial Management.

Dr. T. Christy Chanchu Dr. K. K. Ramachandran

Faculty Guide Director

Submitted for the viva-voce examination held on _______________

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 DECLARATION

I, DINESHKUMAR.L hereby declare that the Institutional training report

done at U.K.KNITTING COMPANY LIMITED, submitted to
Dr. G.R.DAMODARAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of degree of B.Com (Actuarial Management) is a record
of original work done by me under the supervision of Dr. T. Christy Chanchu,
M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., SET, Assistant Professor, School of Commerce and
International Business, and it has not formed the basis for the award of any
Degree/Diploma/Associate ship/Fellowship or other similar title to any candidate
in any university.

PLACE: Coimbatore SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE

DATE:
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the management of

Dr. G. R. Damodaran College of Science for giving this wonderful opportunity to
gain management knowledge in their esteemed organization.

My Special thanks to principal of our college Dr. T. Santha, M.Sc.,

PGDCA., M.Phil; (CS)., Ph.D., for her support in allowing me to complete the
internship successfully.

I also wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to our respected Director,

Dr. K. K. Ramachandran, M.Com., MFT., M.Phil., PGDCS., Ph.D., for his
unfaltering faith in his students and providing us with new ways to excel in the
field of commerce.

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. S. Dhanaraj, M.Com.,

M.Phil., Ph.D., Head, Department of Commerce, for his motivation and timely
assistance.

My Sincere thanks to my guide Dr. T. Christy Chanchu, M.Sc (Eco).,

M.Phil., Ph.D., SET, the Assistant Professor, School of Commerce and
International Business, Dr. G. R. Damodaran College of Science for her valuable
guidance, enthusiastic effort and timely help towards the completion of the report.

I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all faculties of School of

Commerce and International Business

I sincerely express my thanks to the management of U.K.KNITTING

COMPANY LIMITED for allowing me to do internship training in their
esteemed company.

I also extend a huge thanks to my parents, friends and the Almighty for having
supported me in doing this internship training.

DINESH KUMAR.L
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

I INTRODUCTION 1

II ORGANISATIONAL CHART 4

III FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS 5

3.1. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT 6

3.2. KNITTING DEPARTMENT 10

3.3. SALES DEPARTMENT 19

3.4. MARKETING DEPARTMENT 22

3.5. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT 25

3.6. QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT 28

3.7. ACCOUNTS & FINANCE DEPARTMENT 30

IV CONCLUSION 32
INTRODUCTION
ORGANISATIONAL CHART
FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS
PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
KNITTING DEPARTMENT
SALES DEPARTMENT
MARKETING DEPARTMENT
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
ACCOUNTS & FINANCE DEPARTMENT
CONCLUSION
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Knitting industry in India is one of the most thriving businesses today.

Knitting factory in India are providing huge collection of Knitted fabric which
are accessible in different styles and textures like pointelle, pique, jersey, three
thread fleece, French terry, rice knit, rib, interlock, flat back rick and so much
more. They can also offer premium fabric in huge quantities.

They are providing jacquard styles. There are lots of dependable manufacturer,
exporter as well as supplier of knitted fabrics in India. They specialize in the
making of all kinds of knitted fabrics for house furnishing items. So as to make
high quality and superior knitted fabrics, they are armed with the newest
machinery. They test every batch of knitted fabrics in their in-house high quality
lab.

Knitting factory in India holds expertise in offering knitted fabric to their

esteemed clients. A wide collection of knitted fabric could be availed from
them, in diverse colors, sizes as well as patterns. Clients or buyers have the
choice to personalize or customized knitted fabric in accordance to their needs
and requirements. They are able to offer bulk amounts of high quality knitted
fabric to customers to domestic and diverse international market.In quest for
value addition as well as to boost the process of spinning knitting business in
India manufacture superior knitted fabrics. The high quality yarns generated in
their unit are utilized to make high quality grey fabrics to be used by the
international apparel industry. All the knitted fabrics are created on the newest
and state of the art knitting machines

1
 CHAPTER II

COMPANY PROFILE

UK KNITTING was started in the year 2008 at cotton city,Tirupur,

especially for all hosiery fabrics. The company was started with the motto to
deliver quality manufacturing in time at competitive prices. The company sells
100percent hosiery yarns like 20s,30s,etc,. Today,UK KNITTING has 40
employees and is a leading manufacturer dealers and recognized by Yarn
association of India.

They had three years of experience in the manufacturing field. They

currently have high sales volume than the previous years to compare other
dealers in Tirupur. They are the major dealers for Kemya fashions,ABC
garments,Shree Lakshmi mills,CR garments,Gokul Textiles,Kongoor spinning
mills and various from all over Tamilnadu. They offer all rate of colours of dyed
fabrics with guaranteed on dyeing fastness. Our product ranges are
Compact Yarn :
Traders,dealers,agents for compact cotton yarn in wholesale made from the best
cotton from India in mills based in Erode, Tirupur, Coimbatore in tamilnadu in
India.
Combed Yarn :
Wholesale agents for combed cotton fabric traders dealers based in coimbatore.
Our fabric mills manufacture combed fabric using latest machinery with the best
cottom from India.
Important features:
 The application is a graphical user interface.
 client server architecture benefits picture and image box can be easily
handled using bit mapped files and icons.

2
  Bit mapped files and icons are used as simple debugging tools.
 With the advent of .Net, MICROSOFT has introduced many new
technologies that make writing component based distributed systems
easier,more flexible and more powerful than ever before.
 It is now easier than has been to write components in any programming
language that can interoperate with components on other machines, which
may not be Windows based at all.

“ THEIR MAIN OBJECTIVE IS TO BUILD UP CUSTOMER

RELATIONSHIP BY DELIVERING THEM PERFECT
QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT.”

3
 CHAPTER III

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

4
 CHAPTER IV

FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS

The various functioning departments of this company are:

1. Purchase department
2. Knitting department
3. Sales department
4. Marketing department
5. Human resources department
6. Quality control department
7. Accounts and Finance department

The more detailed description of all these departments will be followed.

5
 3.1. PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

Purchase department is one of the main departments in the organization. Its

main work is buying stocks from suppliers and wholesalers. It stores all the
goods in safe place called go down or warehouse to avoid damage of goods. In
older days, all organization recorded the stocks manually by using of papers and
pen but today because of technology advancement everything is changed. Now
a days everything is computerized they recorded all the stocks with the help of
computer.

In the organisation, Purchase department records and check the stocks on a

daily basis to send the goods on time to production department. Purchase
department is the backbone of the organisation. The main aim of this
department is to purchase all the stock at right price, from the right source, at
right quantity and quality. It develops a strong relationship with other
departments.

The first function in this department is purchase of raw material. Raw

materials include cotton. First, they purchase the samples of cotton after
checking it they purchase bulk orders of cotton from the supplier. The count
range of cotton is from 1 to 80. They purchase many varieties of cotton. The
raw materials reach their mill through lorries and tempos. They purchase the
raw material bin different countries.

In this organisation, they use two mode of payment such us cash purchase
and credit purchase. Cash purchase means purchasing raw materials for ready
cash and credit purchase means purchase goods on credit basis

In this organization the purchase department have a direct contact with the
suppliers and a develop a relationship with the suppliers. The purchase manager
shows the up-to-date report of the stocks and their availability to the top

6
managers. The staff in the department properly make a note of every stocks and
their suppliers name in a ledger books available in the computer.

Purchasing departments handle all of the paperwork involved with

purchasing and delivery of supplies and materials. Purchasing ensures timely
delivery of materials from vendors, generates and tracks purchase orders and
works alongside the receiving department and the accounts payable
department to ensure that promised deliveries were received in full and are
being paid for on time.

The main aim is to evaluate whether it is buying these materials at best

prices in order to get maximum profitability.

The computer has some of the purchasing procedure:

Purchase requisition

Checking and Tenders or

passing of bills quotation

Receiving and
Purchase order
inspecting the
materials

7
Purchase Requisition:
The purchase officer initiates action for the purchase of materials only
when he receives a request for the same. The store-keeper and departmental
heads send requisition slips to purchase department giving details of materials
required by their departments etc. A purchase requisition is a form used as a
formal request to the purchasing department to purchase materials.

This form is prepared by the store keeper for regular stock materials and by the
departmental head for specific materials not stocked as regular items. The
store-keeper knows when an action or fresh procurements is to be initiated. He
will send the requisition when materials reach re-ordering level. He retains one
copy of the requisition with him for future reference .It is on the basis of
purchase requisition that orders are placed for materials.

Tenders or quotations:
On the basis of the various sources of supply, the purchase department or
the purchasing officer can call for tenders or quotations. Thus, received
quotations or tenders are compared with their catalogues, past records and
published statements

Purchase order:
After selecting the right supplier, the purchase department or the purchase
officer can prepare the purchase order and send the same to the supplier without
any further delay. A purchase order is the commitment by a buyer to pay for
goods ordered. Similarly, it is the seller’s authority to charge the buyer for
supplies made. It becomes a legal contract.

A purchase order is prepared in six copies. The first copy is sent to the supplier,
the second copy is sent to the department, which initiated the purchase

8
requisition, the third copy is sent to the Accounts Department, fourth copy is
sent to the Finance Department, fifth copy is sent to the Stores Department and
finally, the last copy is retained by the Purchase Department
Receiving and inspecting materials:
The receipt of materials is compared with purchase order and delivery
note issued by the suppliers. If the materials are not received as per the
specification of the purchase order and delivery note, the materials may be
rejected. Thereafter, an inspection report is prepared in a specified form and the
same is sent to the supplier for proper execution of an order. Sometimes, the
materials may be rejected due to inferior quality. If the materials are rejected,
proper reasons for such rejection should be clearly specified in the rejection
report.
Checking and passing of bill for payment:
The purchase manager or the purchase officer should check the
invoices for early settlement. If the materials are received in good condition as
per the specification of the purchase order, the delivery note may be issued by
the seller. Terms and prices are checked against the purchase order.
If an invoice is correct in all respects, the purchase manager or the
purchase officer will pass the invoice and send the same to accounts department
and finance department for payment. The invoice may be impressed with the
rubber stamp as Bill Passed for Payment.

9
 3.2. KNITTING DEPARTMENT

Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or

fabric; it is used in many types of garments. Knitting may be done by hand or by
machine.
Knitting creates stitches: loops of yarn in a row, either flat or in the round
(tubular). There are usually many active stitches on the knitting needle at one
time. Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of connected
loops that intermesh with the next and previous rows. As each row is formed,
each newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row
and placed on the gaining needle so that the loops from the prior row can be
pulled off the other needle without unraveling. Knitting can be done by hand or
by machine.

Structure:
Coarse and wales:

Structure of stockinette stitch, a common weave in knitted fabric. The

meandering red path defines one course, the path of the yarn through the fabric.
The uppermost white loops are unsecured and “active”, but they secure the red
loops suspended from them. In turn, the red loops secure the white loops just
below them, which in turn secure the loops below them, and so on.

10
 Alternating wales of red and yellow knit stitches. Each stitch in a wale is
suspended from the one above it.

Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing a two-

dimensional fabric made from a one-dimensional yarn or thread. In weaving,
threads are always straight, running parallel either lengthwise (warp threads) or
crosswise (weft threads). By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a
meandering path (a course), forming symmetric loops (also called bights)
symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn. These meandering
loops can be easily stretched in different directions giving knit fabrics much
more elasticity than woven fabrics. Depending on the yarn and knitting pattern,
knitted garments can stretch as much as 500%. For this reason, knitting was
initially developed for garments that must be elastic or stretch in response to the
wearer's motions, such as socks and hosiery.
For comparison, woven garments stretch mainly along one or other of a
related pair of directions that lie roughly diagonally between the warp and the
weft, while contracting in the other direction of the pair (stretching and
contracting with the bias), and are not very elastic, unless they are woven from
stretchable material
such as spandex. Knitted garments are often more form-fitting than woven
garments, since their elasticity allows them to contour to the body's outline
more closely; by contrast, curvature is introduced into most woven garments

11
only with sewn darts, flares, gussets and gores, the seams of which lower the
elasticity of the woven fabric still further. Extra curvature can be introduced into
knitted garments without seams, as in the heel of a sock; the effect of darts,
flares, etc. can be obtained with short rows or by increasing or decreasing the
number of stitches. Thread used in weaving is usually much finer than the yarn
used in knitting, which can give the knitted fabric more bulk and less drape than
a woven fabric.

If they are not secured, the loops of a knitted course will come
undone when their yarn is pulled; this is known as ripping
out, unravelling knitting, or humorously, frogging (because you 'rip it', this
sounds like a frog croaking: 'rib-bit'). To secure a stitch, at least one new loop is
passed through it. Although the new stitch is itself unsecured ("active" or
"live"), it secures the stitch(es) suspended from it. A sequence of stitches in
which each stitch is suspended from the next is called a wale. To secure the
initial stitches of a knitted fabric, a method for casting on is used; to secure the
final stitches in a wale, one uses a method of binding/casting off. During
knitting, the active stitches are secured mechanically, either from individual
hooks (in knitting machines) or from a knitting needle or frame in hand-knitting.

12
WEFT AND WARP KNITTING:

There are two major varieties of knitting: weft knitting and warp
knitting. In the more common weft knitting, the wales are perpendicular to the
course of the yarn. In warp knitting, the wales and courses run roughly parallel.
In weft knitting, the entire fabric may be produced from a single yarn, by adding
stitches to each wale in turn, moving across the fabric as in a raster scan. By
contrast, in warp knitting, one yarn is required for every wale. Since a typical
piece of knitted fabric may have hundreds of wales, warp knitting is typically
done by machine, whereas weft knitting is done by both hand and machine.
Warp-knitted fabrics such as tricot and milanese are resistant to runs, and are
commonly used in lingerie.

Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to

produce interesting color patterns. The two most common approaches are
intarsia and stranded colorwork. In intarsia, the yarns are used in well-
segregated regions, e.g., a red apple on a field of green; in that case, the yarns
are kept on separate spools and only one is knitted at any time. In the more
complex stranded approach, two or more yarns alternate repeatedly within one
row and all the yarns must be carried along the row, as seen in Fair Isle
sweaters. Double knitting can produce two separate knitted fabrics
simultaneously (e.g., two socks). However, the two fabrics are usually
integrated into one, giving it great warmth and excellent drape.

13
 In the knit stitch on the left, the next (red) loop passes through the
previous (yellow) loop from below, whereas in the purl stitch (right), the next
stitch enters from above. Thus, a knit stitch on one side of the fabric appears as
a purl stitch on the other, and vice versa.

Two courses of red yarn illustrating two basic fabric types. The lower red
course is knit into the white row below it and is itself knit on the next row; this
produces ‘stockinette’ stitch. The upper red course is purled into the row below
and then is knit, consistent with ‘garter’ stitch.

14
 A dropped stitch, or missed stitch, is a common error that creates an
extra loop to be fixed.

In securing the previous stitch in a wale, the next stitch can pass through
the previous loop from either below or above. If the former, the stitch is denoted
as a 'knit stitch' or a 'plain stitch;' if the latter, as a 'purl stitch'. The two stitches
are related in that a knit stitch seen from one side of the fabric appears as a purl
stitch on the other side.

The two types of stitches have a different visual effect; the knit stitches
look like 'V's stacked vertically, whereas the purl stitches look like a wavy
horizontal line across the fabric. Patterns and pictures can be created in knitted
fabrics by using knit and purl stitches as "pixels"; however, such pixels are
usually rectangular, rather than square, depending on the gauge/tension of the
knitting. Short and tall stitches may also alternate within a row, forming a fish-
like oval pattern.
Right- and left-plaited stiches

15
 The stitches on the right are right-plaited, whereas the stitches on the left
are left-plaited.

Within limits, an arbitrary number of twists may be added to new stitches,

whether they be knit or purl. Here, a single twist is illustrated, with left-plaited
and right-plaited stitches on the left and right, respectively.

Both knit and purl stitches may be twisted: usually once if at all, but sometimes
twice and (very rarely) thrice. When seen from above, the twist can be
clockwise (right yarn over left) or counterclockwise (left yarn over right); these
are denoted as right- and left-plaited stitches, respectively. Hand-knitters
generally produce right-plaited stitches by knitting or purling through the back
loops, i.e., passing the needle through the initial stitch in an unusual way, but
wrapping the yarn as usual. By contrast, the left-plaited stitch is generally
formed by hand-knitters by wrapping the yarn in the opposite way, rather than
by any change in the needle. Although they are mirror images in form, right-
and left-plaited stitches are functionally equivalent. Both types of plaited
stitches give a subtle but interesting visual texture, and tend to draw the fabric
inwards, making it stiffer. Plaited stitches are a common method for knitting
jewelry from fine metal wire.

16
 Illustration of entrelac. The blue and white wales are parallel to each
other, but both are perpendicular to the black and gold wales, resembling basket
weaving.

The initial and final edges of a knitted fabric are known as the cast-on
and bound/cast-off edges. The side edges are known as the selvages; the word
derives from “self-edges”, meaning that the stitches do not need to be secured
by anything else. Many types of selvages have been developed, with different
elastic and ornamental properties.

Vertical and horizontal edges can be introduced within a knitted fabric,

e.g., for button holes, by binding/casting off and re-casting on again (horizontal)
or by knitting the fabrics on either side of a vertical edge separately.

Two knitted fabrics can be joined by embroidery-based grafting

methods, most commonly the Kitchener stitch. New wales can be begun from
any of the edges of a knitted fabric; this is known as picking up stitches and is
the basis for entrelac, in which the wales run perpendicular to one another in a
checkerboard pattern.

17
 Illustration of cable knitting. The central braid is formed from 2x2
ribbing in which the background is formed of purl stitches and the cables are
each two wales of knit stitches. By changing the order in which the stitches are
knit, the wales can be made to cross.

18
 3.3 SALES DEPARTMENT

A sales department is the direct link between a company’s product or

service and its customers. However, a well-trained sales department does
more than making sales. Your sales staff builds relationships with your
customers. Further, a quality salesperson helps identify a customer’s unique
needs and makes sure that those needs are met. Since salespeople have direct
contact with your customers on an ongoing basis, they become privy to
personal information that helps make sales interactions smoother and
friendlier

Sales department promotes the growth of your business as well as

customer retention. A quality salesperson builds an ongoing, long-term
relationship with your customers. The importance of personal relationships in
business can’t be understated. A personal connection makes customers feel
valued and encourages them to remain loyal to our company. The sales
department improves the sales of product by attracting the customer and on the
other hand of sales department it is easy to increase the goodwill of the
company. In the concern, they are giving more important to salesperson and
they are giving training to each and very salesman . sales person act as an
advertiser for their product . so it is easy to attract the customers.

Often the concern arrange meeting for both sales manager and sales
people to make their sales more . the concern gives idea and target for sales
manager and sales people to complete it on time . This in turn the concern gets
more profit. Now a days is really very important for every concern.

The concern sets the target and gives the responsibility to the sales
manager. The sales manager has to take decision according to the target and he
should keep in mind about the sale people and customer . At last he should take
good decision and set plan and it should cover it to the sales people at right time

19
 With the help of sales man , it is easy interact with the customer and it
is easy to identify the customer need and wants . So is very helpful for concern
to achieve their target and easy to gain goodwill in society.

In this concerns they calculate the sales on weekly or monthly basis and
the report are submitted to top managers , it is easy for them to identify the
current marketing position and profit or loss for their product. They keep this
very confidential . Every year the concern making the sales plan to increase
their sales and growth of the business . on the other hand ,the sales fallow the
order from the top members and decide how much sales where made this year

Every day the sales person is facing a lot of problems through their
customers and personal problems . In our concern they are providing solution
for every problem by motivation or giving some ideas for their problems . It is
the responsible of sales managers it easy to take care of sales people.

Sometimes sales department phases some problems about not selling the
product on time and not reaching the target etc…. with the help of sales
manager it is easy to solve the problem.

The company is exporting their product to all over the world . it is

selling is India and foreign countries. In India it is selling in important places
such as tiruppur, Erode, Thanjavur,Gujarat,Kolkata,Mumbai,Pune,Jaipur etc.. In
foreign countries , such as dubai , Turkey,Australia etc.

The quality of the product is very important and the sales department
checks the quality of their product on a regular basis. One more important thing
is about price . Price and quality are the deciding factors weather the product is
worth to stand in the market and customers mind or not . when fixing the price
the company should keep in mind about the demand of their product and
competitors. The sales department keep in mind about each and every element
according to that fix the price.

20
 The prices of finished product are determined by the managing
director. The sales manager sells out the product through salespeople, brokers
,commission agents etc.. The sales are made at regular intervals. The goods are
sent by railways and roadways . The yarn are sold to old customer as well as
new customer as well as new customer . The discount is made to the buyer for
large amount cash and credit are made

The company is following two modes of sales:

 Cash sales
 Credit sales

Cash sales

Cash sales means selling finished product for ready cash. The payments
are made during the sales because while selling large quality there will be cash
discount . The direct payments are made through cashes and cheques.

Credit sales

Credit sales means selling goods on credit . Credit sales are normally only
to the normal regular buyers . Credit sales is made only when there is sufficient
capital to run the business. The firm allows only 15days for payment. In case of
delay interest will be charges.

The company will keep track of their products until the product reach in
the hands of customers. Because their policy is

“CUSTOMERS ARE ASSETS OF THE COMPANY’’

21
 3.4. MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing can be described as any activity that is carried on with the

specific purpose of conveying information about the use, quality and value of a
product or service in order to promote or sell the product or service. Marketing
is the way to announce the availability of a commodity, service, idea or a brand
to the world in such a way that people are interested in it and wish to acquire it
and use it. It serves the purpose of plugging the gap between the public’s
requirement and the products that are available.

The Marketing Department provides managers with a comprehensive

understanding of the major forces in marketing decision-making, training them
to develop and implement successful strategic marketing practices.

The department focuses on helping managers understand how customer

information, competitive intelligence and a company’s value proposition fit
with customer needs and company capabilities. Teaching and curriculum
emphasize problem-solving: determining the actions necessary to satisfy
customer needs through rigorous planning, implementation and control of
activities in a competitive market place. The curriculum addresses many areas
including customer service, traditional marketing techniques as well as new
social media.

The product marketing mix consists of the 4 P’s which are Product,
Pricing, Promotions and Placement.

 Product.
 Place
 Price
 Promotion

22
Product:

The product is either a tangible good or an intangible service that is seem

to meet a specific customer need or demand. All products follow a logical
product life cycle and it is vital for marketers to understand and plan for the
various stages and their unique challenges.

Price:

Price covers the actual amount the end user is expected to pay for a
product. How a product is priced will directly affect how it sells. This is linked
to what the perceived value of the product is to the customer rather than an
objective costing of the product on offer. If a product is priced higher or lower
than its perceived value, then it will not sell. This is why it is imperative to
understand how a customer sees what you are selling. If there is a positive
customer value, than a product may be successfully priced higher than its
objective monetary value.

Promotion:

The marketing communication strategies and techniques all fall under the
promotion heading. These may include advertising, sales promotions, special
offers and public relations. Whatever the channel used, it is necessary for it to
be suitable for the product, the price and the end user it is being marketed to. It
is important to differentiate between marketing and promotion. Promotion is
just the communication aspect of the entire marketing function.

Place:

Place or placement has to do with how the product will be provided to the
customer. Distribution is a key element of placement. The placement strategy
will help assess what channel is the most suited to a product. How a product is

23
accessed by the end user also needs to compliment the rest of the product
strategy.

Marketing has some important role in the following:

 It fixes the price according to the demand of their product.

 It launches a new product periodically to attract the customers.
 Promoting their product on television,radio, newspaper.
 This company sells their goods on wholesale rate.
 This department has the rights to take decision in case of absence of any
senior officials.
 This department treats the inflation and deflation equally.

24
 3.5. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

Human resource departments are responsible for a wide variety of

activitiesacross a number of core organizational functions.The core functions of
HR department in this knitting company can be summarized as:

Staffing

This includes the activities of hiring new full-time or part-time employees,

hiring contractors, and terminating employee contracts

Their Staffing activities include:

 Identifying and fulfilling talent needs (through recruitment, primarily)

 Utilizing various recruitment technologies to acquire a high volume of
applicants (and to filter based on experience)
 Terminating contracts when necessary
 Maintaining ethical hiring practices and aligning with the regulatory
environment
 Writing employee contracts and negotiating salary and benefits

Development

On-boarding new employees and providing resources for continued

development is a key investment for organizations, and HR is charged with
maintaining a developmental approach to existing human
resources.Development activities include:

 Training and preparing new employees for their role.

 Providing training opportunities (internal training, educational
programs,

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 conferences, etc.) to keep employees up to date in their respective
fields

Compensation

Salary and benefits are also within the scope of human resource management.
This includes identifying appropriate compensation based on role, performance,
and legal requirements.

This knitting company's Compensation activities include:

 Setting compensation levels to match the market, using benchmarks such

as industry standards for a given job function
 Negotiating group health insurance rates, retirement plans, and other
benefits with third party providers
 Discussing raises and other compensation increases and/or decreases with
employees in the organization
 Ensuring compliance with legal and cultural expectations when it comes
to employee compensation

Safety and Health

Achieving best practices in various industries include careful considering of

safety and health concerns for employees.

Their Safety and health activities include:

 Ensuring compliance with legal requirements based on job function for

safety measures (i.e. hard hats in construction, available counseling for
law enforcement, appropriate safety equipment for chemists, etc.)
 Implementing new safety measures when laws change in a given industry
 Discussing safety and compliance with relevant government departments
 Discussing safety and compliance with unions

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Employee and Labor Relations

Defending employee rights, coordinating with unions, and mediating

disagreements between the organization and its human resources is also a core
HR function.

This company’s Employee and labor relations activities include:

 Mediating disagreements between employees and employers

 Mediating disagreements between employees and other employees
 Considering claims of harassment and other workplace abuses
 Discussing employee rights with unions, management, and stakeholders

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 3.6. QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

Quality control is a set of steps or guidelines designed to

guarantee that a product or service meets certain performance
standards. The goal of quality control is to ensure that an item meets
the needs and specifications of the consumer population. Good quality
control also helps a company to more efficiently navigate
manufacturing and production processes to cut down on mistakes and
waste, and maximize profit.

Quality control is not much different than the standard definition

provided here. It is a program put into place from the very beginning
of the textile manufacturing process, starting from the sourcing of raw
fibers to the final stages of garment production.

Quality control is measured by a garment’s quality as well as the

various production components:

 Selection of raw materials

 Fiber manufacturing
 Yarn manufacturing
 Fabric construction
 Dye and coloration
 Printing and designs
 Finishing components such as zippers or embellishments

The benefits of quality control department in this company are as

follows:

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 Increased sales
 Customer satisfaction
 Encourages quality consciousness
 Increased goodwill
 High morale of employees
 Improved techniques and method of production
 Fine checking of the garments
 Reduces the errors
 Correct Price fixation .

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 3.7. ACCOUNTING AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Accounting is Importance for any business activities.To run a business

you need data, records, reports, analysis, accurate information about assets,
debts, liabilities, profits.The accounting information is very important for the
management or the decision making the body of an organization.Management
cannot decide without reasonable information for backing it up.

Accounts helps us to know whether the business is in running progress

or not. So hence every business need to maintain good accounts in order to
maintain a correct financial position.

This knitting company maintains all the accounts with the help of well
experienced accountants. All the accounts of the other department are handled
and controlled by this department.

Their roles are as follows:

 While purchasing and selling the yarn and the other items they receive
the bills and they fill the bills in the book of accounts.
 They have separate stack for recording the stocks of their company.
 By using separate books all the personal expenses are entered.
 Before auditing,all the accounts are checked by the auditor and then it is
submitted. Hence the accounts department are maintained strictly and
properly in order to have the high stable profit for their company.

Finance Department is the part of an organization that is responsible for

acquiring funds for the firm, managing funds within the organization and
planning for the expenditure of funds on various assets. It is the part of an
organization that ensures efficient financial management and financial control
necessary to support all business activities.

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The financial department in this company plays the role in following activities:

 Book keeping
 Management of their company's cash.
 Management of their various taxes.
 Assisting their mamagers in making key decisions in critical financial
situation.
 Maintaining their company's investments.

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 CHAPTER -V

CONCLUSION

I have gathered information from U.K.Knitting Company. I

have visited every department in the concern such as purchase,sales,
production, quality control and marketing executive department.

It is a good opportunity for me to know about the process of

converting the yarn into fabrics. With the help of this internship, I
came to know about the count range of yarn and its purpose. I can
honestly say that the time spent in this internship with the
U.K.Knitting Company has been one of the best summer in my life. I
gained an opportunity to meet many fantastic people and the
atmosphere there was always welcoming which made me feel very
comfortable during the internship period.

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