TeMa 14.

IlOKa3HHKOBi
piBHaHHA
PiBHAHHA, ake MICTHTb 3MIHHy B nOKasHHKy CTeneHa, Ha3HBakOTb noKa3HUKO6uM piBHAHHAM.
PiBHSHHS BHAy a' = b, ne a > 0, a * 1, Ha3HBaOTb HainpocTiuuMm nOKa3HMKOBHM piBHAHHAM.

HanpMKnan, S'= 125; | -15 Touo. Akuo b> 0, To po3s's3KOM piBHaHH3 d=b e x= log.b;

gKo b S0, TO piBHSHHd=b xopeniB He Mae.

lOka3HMKOBi piBHAHHA HanvacTiue po3B'a3y1OTb unAxOM norapu)MyBaHHS o60x Horo yacTHH
piBHAHHA BMZy d = b, ne a> 0, a * 1, b> 0 poan'aayioTb, norapndmyoun o6unBi Horo sacTHHM 3a

OrpumyOTb piBHOoCHIbHe piBHAHHa Sr) log,b;

oCHOBOHOa. =

.piBHAHHa BHAy d d, ne a> 0, a* I piBHocHnbHe piBHaHHIO fX) =8)%

=

piBHAHHA BMAy d = B , nea>0, a* 1, b>0, b * 1 piBHoCHnbHe piBHAHHO S{X) = g)IogD.

36edenna do odnici ocno8u

Po3B'13aTH piBHAHHa 2-3

MacMO: 2-3 = ( : 2 7 - =2-*; 7-3x = 4-x; 2x = 3; x = 1,5. Bianosib. 1,5.

PoB'13aTH piBHaHHa 72sin+3 =1.

OnepxuMo: 73sin+ = 1; 73=7°; 2sin x+3 =0; sinx= - ; x=(-1)"+ tn, ne Z.
2

BianoBib. x=(-1)°" +Ttn, ne Z.

PianannA a = , AKi ne 36odsmbcs do odnici ocnosu
Po3B'13aTH piBHAHHA 3** = 5*** (oCHOBH pi3Hi, nOKa3HHKH OAHaKOB).

PosninMO o6MABi vacTHHH piBuaHHa na 5* 0. Onepxumo: x+2 0;

x=-2. BianoBinb. -2.
Po3B'a3aTH piBHsHHa 3 - = 53.
TIponorapndmyeMo piBuHa, Hanpkna, sa ocHoRoIO 10: Ig3= gs: (2x-1)1g3 =(3-x)lg

2xlg3 +xlg5 = 31g5 +lg3; x(21g3 +1g5) = 31g5+ lg3, 3BiaKn x= 31g = Ig(s =
3)1g375
% S ==1g,, 375.
21g3+1g5 Ig(3 5 lg45 lg.s 375.
BianoBinb. Igas375.
BunecenuR cninbHo20 MH0CHUka 3a dy»cKu
Po3B'13aTH piBHaHHa 2 7*-6 7- 7" =85.
BHHeceMO 3a ayKKn 7* "(MHOKHHK 3 HañMeHWHM noKa3HHKOM).
MaTHMeMo: 7* "(2 7-6-7)= 85; 7* 85 = 85; 7 ' = 1;7*-' = 70; x -1=0; x = 1. BianoBinb. 1.

PienaunA, AKi 360òamb do K6aðpamnux

d+C=0
1. PiBHaHHA BMAy A a +B 1> 0
YBepemo HOBy 3MiHHy a' 1,
=
n oAepKHMO KBanpaTHe piBHAHHA.
2"- 10 2 + 16 0.
HanpHkiaa, po3B'a3aTH piBHAHHA
Hexan 2=t, ToAi: ?- 10r+ 16=0; TloBepraemoca no 3amiHM:
2' 2:x=
r=3, B-ab. 1;3.
B-qb. 1;3.
8. 2=8:
2. PiBHAHHA Buay A d+B a " = C
3a nonoMoroko 3aMiHH d' = 1, t > 0 piBHAHHA MOKHa 3BeCTH AO KBaapaTHoro.

HanpHKian, po3B'a3aTH piBHAHHA 5"+3 5 = 4 .

121
 Hexa S= , TOAi: 1+=4;-4+3=0: 4 5
loBepracmoca no SAMIN5=3: =0;
=log, 3.
BianoBinb. 0; logs3.
Oonopidni noxasnuroei pienaNns A a+Bd +C. b*= 0
Tloainumo o6waBi vacTHHW piBHAHH Ha a * 0, Toni onepxumo piBHsHHa A+1
BH

KOHaCMO 3aMiny =t, 1>0, i 3Benemo ue piBHsHHs no KBanparHOro.

HanpKnan, po3B's3aTH piBHaHHa 3 16 +2 81 5 36
Maemo: 3 16'+2 81=5 36"; 3 4+2 9=5 4 9. loninumo o6Hasi vacTHHM Ha 9* 0:
3(-s +2 0. Hexa -1,1>0,ToAi: 3 -5t+2=0;

x=0;x=,
2x 1:x=0,5. BianoBiAb. 0; 0,5.
lloBepracMOCs A0 3aMiHH:

PieHsNH 6udy A* +B= C, deA B=1

--3
VBeneMo 3aMiny A" =t, t>0. Toni B =4 ipiBHAHHA Moxna 3BeCT no KBanpaTHOro.

Hanpunan, po3B'13aTH piBHAEIHA3+22

(3-242=6
Hexai(3+2/5 =1, >0. Toi3-2w2) =
3+2/2)
OnepuMO: +6; -6+1=0; 4-3+22;: TTOBepraeMoCs AO 3aMiHH
L3-22.

(342/2=3+2/2: |(3+2/2-3+2/7; |(3+2/2-3+2/2; *x2 BinoBiab. t2.

(3+2/2) =3-2/: |3+2/7F- +2/-(3+2/, k*2
Buxopucmanna Monomonnocmi gyuxuiü
Po3B'13aTH piBHAHHa 2'=3 -x.
MeronoM ninÑopy 3HaxoAHMO, mo x =1-Kopins piBHAHHR. DyHKuiay = 2"- spocraova, a dyHKuia
y3-x-cnaHa, TOMy ueñ kopins-eAMHwi. BianoBinb. 1.
Po3B'a3aTH piBHAHHa 12 + 5 13.

Toninmo o6nnBi yacTHHn piBHAHHA Ha 12" *0: 1+ . MeronOM nia6opy 3HaxonuMo, uo

x=2 KopiHb piBHaHHa. DyHKuia y=1+| -

C1anHa, a in y=| 3poCrao4a (a> 1),.

TOMy rpadikn uux dyHKuiH nepeTHHakoTbCA He 6inbuie ak B onHi Touui. BiunoBinb. 2.
Toxasnuko60-cmenenesi pienanua-pisnnHns,AKi Maomb zminuy e nokawuKy cmenenais ocnosi
Po3B'3y BaHHs pienaHb BMAY (S(x))*" =(S)" 3BOATbCA ao BMnankiB:
1 . x ) = 1. 2 . ) = - 1 . 3.fx) = 0. 4. g ) = m.

122
 HanpHknan, posB's3aTu piBHAHHa (x+1)***=(x+1).
a BiAykaHHA KOpeHiB piBHAHHA NOTpióHo
1. x+1= po3rnaHyTH v0THpH BHnankn:
3BiAKH x=0. OnepxHMo: 1* =12;1 1.x =0-KopiHD piBHAHH
1, =

2. x+1=-1, 3BiAKHx=-2.
OnepxuMo: (-1)=(-1y; 1= 1. x= -2- kopiHb piBHAHHS,
3. x+I0,
3BiAKHX=-1.0aep*umo: BHpa3 0 He Mac 3MicTy, TOMyx=-1 He e KopeHeM piBHAHHS,
4.+X4 2; x+x-6=0;x =2,x2= -3. BianoBinb.
-3; -2; 0; 2.
loKasuKoei pienannR 3 napamempom
Po3B'13aTH piBHsHHa 3 4 +27 a+ a 42
IlepeTBopMMO 3anaHe piBHsHHs: 3 4-a 42=a-27; 42(3-a) =a -27. Akuo a=3, To MaeMo:
45 0-24-piBHAHHA KopeHis He Mae. V BHnanky, KoAH a #3, onep*AMo piBHaHHA: 4* = e

piBHAHHA MaTHMe KopeHi, aKNO 02 , To6To KOnH aE (3; 27). Toni 3a o3HaveHHxM 1orapudDMa MacMo:
3-a

-2= log, = 2+ log, 42.

3-a

BianoBinb. Akumo a$3 a6o a2 27, piBHaHHs KopeHiB He Mae; skuo ae (3; 27), TO x=2+
To
los2
log
puknad1. Po3B's3aTH piBH«HH 0,23*- =V125 .
B

0,4
6

0,23=i25; (5 =(s}; 5**" =5?; -3x+1=; x=- Bianonin. T.

Ipuxnad 2. Po3B'ssaTH piBHAHH3 4* -1,5.2*2 +20=0.

B
log:20 2;log220 10

4-1,5-21*2 +20=0;-1,5.2" 2+20=0; 4-24 2* +80 =0. 3po6uMo 3aminy: 2" =t, TO-
ni 4 = .OnepxuMO: 1 -241 +80 = 0; 4 = 20, th =4. loBepTacMocb 1O 3MiHHoï x: 2" = 20; x = log, 20

a6o 2 = 4; x= 2. BianoBiab. B.

puxnad 3. Po3B'13aTH piBHaHH 3.4*-5.6' +2.9 =0.

B
1 0;1
3

3.4-5.6 +2.9* =0; 3.2 -5.2 -3"+2-3" =0. lloniIAMO O6HABi vaCTHHH piBHAHHA Ha BHpa3

3 0 onepxuMo:3- +20. 3poóMMo 3aMiHy: =a. Toni |É =d. OrpMMacmo:

2
3a-Sa+2=0; a =1, a, =5. loBepra Ao nonepeaHboi 3MiHHod:
=hx=0 a6o

=1. BianoBinb.A.

123
 3x+1
puxnad 4. Po38'a3aTH piBHSHHs 7** =14|

0 14 0,5
)3r+
7 14) . OueBwaHo, mo x=0 kopiHb pinuawui7=14 7=7. dyHKuia
3x+1
y= 7* spocTaroya, a dyHKuia y=14 cnaHa. ToMy AaHe piBHAHHA Mae He 61i1bue oAHoro Kope-

H. OTKe, iHuIHX KOpeniB, kpiMx = 0, HeMae. BianoBiAb. B.

puxnad 5. Po3B'a3aTH piBHaHHA 5 -124 5* 25=0.

4 0,5
X+4
3BeeMO CTeneHi niBoï vacTHHn Ao OAHOro noka3HHKa: 5 -124 5 25=0; 5-124 5-25=0;
2
-124 5-25=0. 3poouMO 3amiuy 5 =a. OnepxuMo: 5a* - 124a-25= 0; a = - a = 25. IloBe

pracMoca o nonepeaHso 3aMiew: 5 =--KopeniB HeMae. 5 =25; 5 =5*; £=2;x = 1. B-Ab. A.

npucnad 6. 3Hairu cymy Kopenie piBHHH 3-"-27]/5x+18 =0.

B
0,4 -3,6 1HI1a BIAmOBIAb -1,6
OA3 piBHaHHS: 5x +1820;x2-3,6. Macmo: 1. 3**-29 -27=0; 3*-=3*; 2ax -29=3; =16;
x 4 , 4 . YpaxyBaBun O3, MaeMo: x=4. 2. 45x+18 = 0; 5x + 18 = 0; x =-3,6. OTKe, KopenaMa pi-
BHSHHS E nCna-3,6 i4, a îx cyMa nopiBHioe-3,6 +4 = 0,4. BianoBiAb. A.

Ipuxnad 7. 3uairn cymy kopeniB piBHAHH 2 +2"= 2cos2x.

OuinMo niay npaBy vacrHH piBHIHH: 2" +2* =2"+. 22; 2cos2r s 2. 3aminMMO piBHaHH

piBHOCHJIbHOHO CHCTeMOHO:
2+ 2; ()
2cos 2x= 2. (2)
PosB'KeMO nepuue pibHaHHS CHCTeMH. Hexan 2 = t, t> 0. t+=2; P-2+1 =0; # = 1;2"= l;x =0.
TIepeBipmo, un 3a7oBobHae Kopinb x =0 apyre piBaAHHR CHCTeMu: 2cos(2 0) =2; 2-1 = 2; 2= 2.
OTKe, x =0-po3B's3oK CHCTeMH, a, oTKe, i naHoro piBaHH3. BianoBiAb. 0.
Ipuxnad 8. Po3B'a3aTH piBHAHHa 3 4+ (3x- 10) 2+3-x=0. V BiAnoBinb 3anucaTu 6inbuHÄ KopiHb.
Hexai 2=, 1>0. Tozi 3 +(3x-10+3 -x=0; 3+ 3tx- 100+3-x=0; 3f-91+3tx-
-t+3-x=0; 3(t-3+x)-(t-3 +x) =0; (t-3+ x)(3t- 1)=0; 4=3-x; , = loBepraeMoCa no 3a-
MiH: 1)2=3 -x(1). Jisa vacTHHa piauHH (1) spocTaIova þyHKuia, npaBa- cnanwa; x =
1 -

eaM
Mw Kopinb 2) 2"= (2 x=log,= -log, 3. OTKe, kopeni pinnAHHa x= I Ta x=-log,3. Binbunä Ko-
piHbAopiBHIOe 1. BianoBinb. 1.
124
 Mpuxnad 9. 3a akux 3HaueHb a piBHaHHa 3* + 4** + 5**" = 6"*" Mac tinskH onHH KopiH?
Hexan x+a=. Toni macmo: 3 + 4'+5'=6. 1lin6opom 3HaxoauMo, umo t=3- xopiMb uboro pis-
HAHHA. Tloxaxemo, mo ueH KopiHb eauHwÄ. JAna uboro noninumo o6nABi vacTHHH piBH«HHA Ha 6 onep-

KHMO:

cyHKUTM i E ) = (0; +eo), To ï

. Ockinbxu chyukuia f)=| ) cnaHa, ak cyMa cnaaHux

rpacpik neperwHac npamy y = 1 nuuwe onMH pas (KmO I = 3). OTme, x + a = 3 ;

3a.OnepxaHe piBHHHA Mac nnwe onnH kopiHb x = 0, sKuo a = 3. BinnoBinb. 3.

3aBnaHH 14.1-14.23 MaOTb no n'aTb BapianTiB BianoBineü, 3 akHx Tinbkn OAHA IPA-
BHTbHA. O6epirb npaBnlbHy, na Bamy ayMKy, BinnoBinb.
14.1. (3HO-2015) Po3B's3aTH piBHaHHa 4*= 8.
A 5 B

2 32

14.2. Po3B'a3aTH piBHaHHs 5* =5 i 3-3=0 Ta Bka3aTH cyMy îx KopeHiB.

A0 B8 T9 AI

14.3. Po3B's3aTH piBHAHHa = 4* i 4** 8-*=

= Ta Bka3aTH iHTepBau, AkHM MiCTHTb 1X KopeHi.

A-3;-2) 6-2-1) B(-1;0) ro;1) A(1;2)

14.4. Po3B'a3aTu piBHAHHa 3* =92*.

A 1 61 B 1,25 TO A-1
x-2
Po3B'a3aTH piBHAHHa 5+2 %-) =1
-1)
14.5. =1 Ta BKa3aTH ix cniIbHi KopeHi.

A-2;2i1 62i1 B-2i1 r-2i2 A2

14.6. AKOMy 3 npomixxis HanexuTb kopiHb piBHAHHn 0,008 = 5-*

A [0; 2] B-1;5] B(2; +o) r(0; 1) A-3;0]

14.7. CepeA HaBeIeHHx piBHHB BKasaru piBHAHH, piBHOCHIbHe pisuaHHo 8' = 16 V32*.
r 5x
A 3x=x-1 B 3x-1 B 3x.4 A 3x=4
14.8. Axe 3 HaBeneHMx piBHSHb Mae kopeHi?

A7- 5 B7H T 7' = 0 A7

14.9. Po3B'13aTH piBHSHH3 6*" =3*" i 2 =8** i 3Haitu cymy îx KopeHia.
A4 6-4 B5 r-5 A53
14.10. Po3B'13aTH piBHSHHs 4** -4**+ 4" 39.
B4 Blog34 log43
14.11. 3HaïTH cyMy Kopenis piBHHHA 5" - 6:5" +5 =0.
Al 60 B-6 r6 A-5
14.12. BcraHoBHTH KiIbKiCTb kopeHiB piBHSHHA 3* 12 3 +27 = 0.

A KonHoro BABa A 4OTHpH

125
14.13. Po3B's3aTH piBHAHHA 7 =2.

A tlog,7 5 log,7 Btlog,2 A t7

rlog, 2
14.14. Po3B'saTH piBHAHNS 2' 3 = 72 i v2' v" =196 i BxasaTH cymy ix Kopeni.
A8 7 B6 A4

14.15. Po3B'a3aTH piBHSHHA i52.6 =900 i BKa3aTH cyMy ix KopeH1B.

A 8 67 B6 r5 A4
14.16. 3HaHTH 3Ha4eHHs BHpa3y 7', akumo
r-()-
Al 62 B6 r7 A14
14.17. 3HaHTH 3HaveHHS BHpa3y , AKmO 3-2 +2.3 =5 6".
A 4 63 a6o 4 Ba6o1 rOa6o1
14.18. 3HaMTH 3HaveHHS BHpa3y 2", aKumo 22 -2=1.
A2 62 a60 4 BI T4 A2 a6o 4

14.19. 3HaHTH 3Ha4eHHS BHpa3y 9, aKuo 81 -4.9 =45.

A 5 a6o 9 6-5 a6o9 B9 r81 A16 a6o 25
*3
14.20. yKa3aTH npOMiKOK, AKOMy HaIexHTb KopiHb piBHaHHa 9 +2.3 -27 0 .

A4;-2 5-2,0 B [0; 2] r[2:4] A[4;6]

14.21. PosB'13aTH piBHHH 2t+ 20 =3.

A B 2tk, keEZ Tk, keZ A kEZ

14.22. 3a akoro Hanóinbuoro 3HaveHHA napamerpa a piBHAHHs 16-(a+1)-4 +a=0 Mae oaHH KopiHb?
A-2 6-1 BO T A2
14.23. 3HañTH cymy kopeHis piBHAHHs (x*+x+1)* =1.

A3 60-1 B-1;0;3 2 A-2

3aBaaHHa 14.24-14.28 nepen6avaroTb yCraHOBIeHHA BianoBiAHOCTi. Ao Ko*Horo pauka, no3Ha-
eHoro IMDPOHO, no6epirb oAHH BiAnOBiJHHK, no3HaveHmn BYKBOBO, i nocCTaBTe no3HaKH
Ha nepeTHHi BiunoBinHHx paukiB (UHdpu) i KonOHOK (6yKBu).
14.24. YCTaHOBHTH BiAnOBIAHiCTb Mi* piBHAHHAMH (1-4) Ta ix kopeHaMn (A-).
1 5=7 A5
2=7 B5
3 7 5 B7
4 5 T log5
A logs7

126
14.25. VeraHOBHTH BiANOBiAniCTb Mix piBHaHHAMH (1-4) Ta kinbkicTioix Kopenin (A-).
A Konnoro
=2r

B Apa
2 2- T Tp

-r*3
ABeaniy
3 2

14.26. YeraHOBNTH B*ANOoBinHiCTB MixK napaMH piBHAH (1-4) Ta cyMoo ix kopenis (A-D.

A-2
16 36i( 6 2
B.-1
(- - 49
r5

3 3 243 i AO

4 S-6=900 i v2N7" =196

14.27. YeTaHOBHTH BianoBiAHicTb Mi* piBHsAHHAMH (1-4) Ta 3HaueHHAMH (A-) Bupa3y 2 , ne xo-KO
piHb piBHIHHS.
I 2-2-2 =24 A 2
2 2x-7 2x =16 6 4
B 8
32- =120
r 16
A 32
4 2- 56

14.28. YCTaHoBHTH BiAnoBinHiCTb Mix piBHaHHaMH (1-4) Ta cyMaMH ix kopeis (A-).

A 3
+16 0 6 4
2 4-36 2"+128=0 B5
3 16-20.4 +640 r2
A7
(-30-( +81=0

PosB'iTL 3aBAaHHa 14.29-14.44. Bianovinb 3anwmiTb AecaTKOBHM Apo6om.

14.29. Pos8'M3aTH piBHRHHA 0,125 8

14.30. Po3B'13aTH piBHAHAs 2 4 " 0,125 = 4 . Y BinnoBiAb 3anncaTm cyMy kopenis piBHaHA.

14.31. Pos38'a3aTH piBHAHH 5 5 5 5 =0,04-2

14.32. Po3B'a3aTH piBHAHHA 2*2- 2v* =12+2¥7-1

127
 14.33. Pos3B'a3aTH piBHAHHa 7 3" - 5* = 3*3 - 5**2.

14.34. Po3B'x3aTH piBHaHHa 35-10 35+9=0. V sianoBinbsanucar cymy Kopenis piaMaHH.

14.35. YxasaTH HaH6inbue uine 3navenHa napaMerpa a, 3a aKoro piBHaHH 2 + (a+1):2" + = 0 Mac nBa

pi3HHX KOpeHi.
4
14.36. PoB'werH piaHaRR 2 . YBinnoBinb 3anHcarH cymy Kopewis piBuH.

1437. Po38'*3aTH pisHRHHs 8 81+9 64' = 17.72".V BinnoBinb 3anucaTH CYMY KopeniB pisHaHH.
14.38. Po38'a3aTH piBHAHHa 2c62=3 20-4. y BinnoBinb 3amHcaTu ne xo- HañmeHunä aonaT-
HH KopiHb piBHAHHA.
14.39. Po3B's3aTH piBHAHN 50 7-S-7-205*-7 = 0.

14.40. Po38' 13aTH piBHAHHA 3 + 8.V BinnoBinb 3anucaTH Haióinbun KopiHb piBHAHHS.
5x-61
14.41. Pos38 'a3aTH pisHAHHA 81 Vi0+3
14.42. Po3B'13aTH piBHAHHA |x-5-=1. y BianoBinb 3anncaTH Hanbinbuwi kopiHb piBHIHH3.
14.43. Po3B's3aTH piBHAHHa
25-(2a +1)-5* +a+a=0. y BianoBinb 3anucaTH HaÄMeHue uine 3HaveH-
HA a, 3a AKoro
piBHAHHA Mae ABa kopeHi.
14.44. 3HaHTH: 1) Han6inblue 3HaueHHa BHpasy
2) nOAaTHHÄ KopiHb piBHSHHS, AKuo 3-2" +2-3 = 5 6.

128