Heat Transfer Level :200

Mechatronics Department Code: MTE 201

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Sheet 2- Steady Heat Conduction

Problem 2.1: Two slabs are placed in contact, but due to roughness, only 40% of area is in contact and
the gap in the remaining area is 0.02 mm thick and is filled with air. The slabs are 10 cm thick each and
their conductivities are 15.5 W/mK and 200 W/mK. The temperature of the face of the hot surface is at
250°C and the outside surface of the other slab is at 35°C. Determine the heat flow and the contact
resistance. The conductivity of air is 0.0321 W/mK.

Problem 2.2: A double glazed window is made of 2 glass panes of 6 mm thick each with an air gap of 6
mm between them. Assuming that the air layer is stagnant and only conduction is involved, determine
the thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient. The inside is exposed to convection with h =
15 W/m2 K and the outside to 9 W/m K. 2
Compare the values with that of a single glass of 12 mm
thickness. The conductivity of the glass = 1.4 W/mK and that for air is 0.025 W/mK.

Problem 2.3: A composite wall is made up of 3 layers of thicknesses 25 cm, 10 cm and 15 cm with
thermal conductivities of 1.7, kB and 9.5 W/mK. The outside surface is exposed to air at 20°C with
convection coefficient of 15 W/m2K and the inside is exposed to gases at 1200°C with a convection
coefficient of 28 W/m2K and the inside surface is at 1080°C. Determine the unknown thermal
conductivity, all surface temperatures, resistances of each layer and the overall heat transfer coefficient.
Compare the temperature gradients in the three layers.

1
 Heat Transfer Level :200

Mechatronics Department Code: MTE 201

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Problem 2.4: A composite cylinder consists of 10 cm radius steel pipe of 25 mm thickness over which
two layers of insulation 30 mm and 35 mm are laid. The conductivities are 25 W/mK, 0.25 W/mK and
0.65 W/mK. The inside is exposed to convection at 300°C with h = 65 W/m2K. The outside is exposed
to air at 30°C with h = 15 W/m2K. Determine the heat loss/m. Also find the interface temperatures.

Problem 2.5: A spherical container holding a cryogenic fluid at – 140°C and having an outer diameter
of 0.4 m is insulated with three layers each of 50 mm thick insulations of k1 = 0.02, k2 = 0.06 and k3 =
0.16 W/mK (starting from inside). The outside is exposed to air at 30°C with h = 15 W/m2K. Determine
the heat gain and the various surface temperatures.

2
 Heat Transfer Level :200

Mechatronics Department Code: MTE 201

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Problem 2.6: A spherical container with OD 0.4 m and surface temperature of – 180°C is insulated by 8
cm thick layer of material with thermal conductivity k = 0.028 (1 + 5 × 10–3 T) W/mK where T is in °C.
If the outside surface is at 15°C, determine the heat flow in.

Problem 2.7: A steam pipe of 20 cm OD carrying steam at 260°C is insulated with a material having
thermal conductivity k = 0.07 (1 + 15 × 10–4 T), where k is the thermal conductivity in W/mK at
temperature T°C. The outer surface is at 60°C. Determine the heat flow and also the temperature at mid
thickness. The insulation thickness is 6 cm.