14.

Computed Altitude (He)

• Sin He = [(sin L x sin d) + (cos L x cos d x cos LHA)]
Note. Affix name of the direction Note. Affix name of direction Sin A SmB Sin C
: i f > 180 (-) it to 360 B 15. Intercept Method
then affix name of Long 1 c=hyp jS
Ho or T / A l t
2. Plane Sailing s^ a=opp
- lie
a. Sin Co = Dep /Dist
Intercept
• b. Cos Co = Dlat /Dist A^g_ C
GOAT (Greater Observe Altitude Towards)
• c. Tan co = Dep/ Dlat b=adj
d Polar to Rect ( P -» R) C. Natural Functions 16. Azimuth Angle
Sin 0 - -r Cos Z =
(Altitude Known) (cos L x cos He)
adj Relationship of 30" and 45 1 triangle
e Rectangular to Polar (R -» P) Cos 0 = . (Sin LHA)
hyp ^ Tan Z =
ID Lat |1NV| R - » P |DEP| = i Dist I * /&'< (cos L x tan d) - (sin L x cos LHA)
HNV||X~Y||Co| Tan9 = -SEE. S 1 (Altitude Unknown)
adj ^r
•3. Parallel Sailing STVt' 901
17. Hull Speed In knots
CscO = J*L /y
opp • S = 1 34 /waterlme length (in feet)
• a Dist = Dlo x cos Lat
• b. Dep = Dlo x cos Lat
c. Dist = D l a t ( i f c o N o r S )
sece '* *A 18. Distance to the visible horizon

C
d Spd = 900 kts x cos lat D = 1.144 /tLE'infeet
Note : Dlo in mins. Co,0 = ^L Z^J
OPP 1
D = 2.07 /H E in meter

<
4. Mercator Sailing

'<•
c2= a2 + b2 19. Dip of the visible horizon
• a. Finding Meridional Parts (MP)
Lat/ 2 + 45 = Tan Log x 791 5. 7 -Lat Sin c=/a 2 + b2
Dip = 0 97 /H E in feet
X23.2 = MP
Dip = 1 76 /H.E in meter
' b T a n C °=DTvTp-

c Di-t - D'at
20. Distance of the Radar horizon
COS CO
Note Dlat and Dlo in mins S m O = 7—T Csce = TT-T D = l . 2 2 /H E. in feet
Csc9 Sm0
. D = 2.21 /H.E. in meter
5. Great Circle Sailing CosO= ^— Sece =-?-
SecO CosQ
21. ConvertingThermometer Scales
a. Cos GCD = (Cos Lat 1 x Cos Lat 2 x Cos Dlo) +/ - Tan9 = 7^ CotQ -=7-5
CotO Tan 9
(Sin Latl x Sin Lat 2) - °C = 5 ( F° - 32°)
Note: (+) When not crossing Equator • E Degree to Versine
( - ) when crossing Equator 1 - cos 0 °F = 9_C°__.±32
„- ,«• , Cosl,at2 x Sin Dlo • F. Deg to Haversme 5
Sin Dist (in deg) 1 - cos 9 °K = C + 273.15°
Note Make Lat2 Negative when crossing Equator 2
• G Arc to Time 22. Maximum length of sea waves
• InitialcourscangleislabeledsameasaLatl and same as Dlo 00° 00' 00" M 5
W = 1.5 -/ Fetch in nautical miles
• H Time to Arc
CjnFC An j
Cos Latl x Sin Dlo OOH OOM OOS x 1 5
Sin Dist (in deg) 23. Wave Height = 0.026 S1
Note. Make Latl Negative when crossing the equator 9 Course to Steer / Intercept a Vessel
24. Wave speed in knots
• Final course angle is labeled contrary name to Lat2 and • Z.A = Bearing of Own Ship from target - Target Course
same as Dlo c ._ ^ Target Speed x Sin .^.A = 1.34 i wavelength (infect)
• d. Cos Lat Vertex = Cos Latl x Sin I C Own Ship Speed = 3 03 x wave period (in sec)
Note: - Use Initial course angle not the course
• True course to Steer = Target BRG +/ --- C 25. Geographical Position (GP)
• Name the Latitude vertex according to the name of Latl • B = 180-( A + C)
• e. Sin Dlo Vertex = Cos 1 C Target Range x Sin Z.A Rules: If GHA < ISO , GHA = Long (W)
Sin Lat V Sui^-B x Own Ship Speed
Note. Dlov is the Dlo from Departure to vertex If GHA > 180° = 360 - GHA = Long(E)
10. Bow and Beam Bearing
6. Amplitude: • a. Bearing at Any Angle 26. Time Diagram

Sin Ampl = Sin Dec B C = A B S m Z.A/Sin(ZB - Z A )

GHA & GHA Y' GHA V' LHA Y'
Cos Lat CD = BCSin Z'B + +
+E +E
Note. Rismg(E) Setting (W) and Copy Dec. BD = BCcos /.B l.ong-W Long - W SHA * SHA *
To get true (+/- ) 270 or (+/-) 90 LHA © LHA Y" GHA * LHA *
• b. Doubling the Angle
7. Napier's Rule AB = BC (Gel + / Leg -)
Rule I = the sine of any middle part is equal to the CD = BC Sin __B
GHA * LHA * GHA * LHA *
product of the cosine of the opposite parts. BD = B C C o s Z B -SNA * -SHA * - LHAY"
-GHA V
Sine Middle part = cosine opposite x cosine opposite GHAY" LHAv" SHA * SHA *
• c. Special Case
Rule 2 = The sine of any middle part is equal to the AB = BD = CD \-»(2&.5°/45 0 ) Note If GHA * and LHA * are Less + 360
product of the tangent of the adjacent parts. BC=1.4AB J
Sin Middle Part - tan adjacent x tan adjacent CD = 2.33 AB -» (22.5° / 26.5°) • If LHA = 0 - 1 8 0 . ' . L H A = ( t ) W
BC = 2AB-*(635°/90°) L H A = 1 8 0 - 3 6 0 .'. 360 - LHA = (t) E
Cos Z = Sin Dec ./Cos Lat BC = 2 4AB-* (67.5/90)
26. Zone Time
Cos P = Tan Lat x Tan Dec BC = 3 AB-> (71 5°/90>
AB = CD i
n * B o = Cot
r , a - 1i .0r, J} Nat - Cot Rule LMT =
• b. Body at equinoctial Cot Long In Time = E -
Cos Z =• Tan Alt x Tan Lat
Cos P = Sin Alt / Cos Lat 1L Correcting / L'ncorrecting 12. Lat by Polaris GMT
C T Ho ZD E+
Sin Dec = cos Alt x Cos Z D E+ V E- Ao W-
Tan P = S m Z / T a n A l t M M W+ Al +
V W- D A2
• d. Body on the Prime Vertical T C -! Note: Applicable for sunrise /sunset; moon rise/set,
Sin Dec = Sin Lat x Sin Alt Obs Latitude twilight and meridian transit
CosAlt = S i n P x C o s D e c 13. Correction of Altitudes
Sextant Alt 9 N 0 S 27. Equation of Time
e Body on the PN - PS Line I.E. = on the arc (-) Off (+)
Cot Z - cos Lat x Tan Dec AppAlt - If mean sun is ahead of the apparent sun the equation of
Sin Alt = Sin Dec x Sin Lat Dip always (-) time is added to LAN 12-00
App Alt (+ lower transit)
8. Oblique Plane Tiangle M.C. (- upper transit)
• A Cosine Law TrueAltO N9 S
-90"
a — b + c - 2 b c x Cos A Zx OS ON (Lat/Decsame+)
b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac x Cos B Dec O N 9N (Lat/Dec diff -) Arranged by.
c -a+b -2abxCosC Obs lat CAPT ANTOINE B. DELA TORRE