AGK Electrics

Lesson 21: AC Generation

Three Phase AC Generator
• Armature windings in stator.
• Electromagnetic field in rotor.
• Produced by excitation current.
• Controlled by voltage regulator
 Excitation
•Excitation current via carbon brushes and
slip rings
• Requires DC
•Externally excited
•or
•Self exciting
•Permanent magnet on rotor shaft
together with the main geneartor field coil
generates voltage upon rotation
 Frequency
• Frequency proportional to:
• Rotation speed
• Number of poles in rotor
• Frequency(f) = RPM * Pole Pairs(p)/60
• What is the RPM of the rotor, if frequency is 400 Hz
and the number of pole pairs is 6?
• 400 = (RPM*6)/60 RPM = 4000
AC Generator Outputs

Line BC Phase
• Phase Voltage = 115 V (A fazı)
• Line Voltage = Phase Voltage * √3
• Line Voltage = 115V * √3 = 200 V(BC fazı)
Engine Driven Generator
Generator Control Unit (GCU)
• GCU controls individual generator
functions.
• Gen. Circuit Breaker controlled by GCU.
• Includes auto open or close.
• Monitors generator voltage, frequency and
phase rotation.
• Controls voltage regulator.
AC Supply Control
• AC Generator (3 Phase AC).
• Generator control breaker.
• 3 Phase AC output from generator.
• Mechanically latched switch request GCB closure
• Electrical control of GCB normally automatic
GCU
• GCU will connect generator to Busbar if:
• Voltage within limits (e.g. 115V ± 4V)
• Frequency within limits (e.g. 400 ± 10Hz)
• Under voltaj(110 V ve aşağısı) yada over
voltaj(120 V ve üstü) durumunda
GCB(Generator Circuit Breaker)’ı açar.
 Frequency Wild AC
• Aircraft that don’t require large amounts of AC can
operate this system.(turboprop)
• Frequency varies with RPM but voltage is strictly
controlled
• Frequency wild generators cannot be connected in
parallel, so Generators supply independent busbars
• Busbars can be coupled (tied) following generator failure
• The AC wild busbars will power AC consumers that do not
require constant frequency. eg de icing systems.
Frequency Wild AC System
• 115V AC 3 Phase
• Can be converted to 28v DC provided by a
transformer rectifier unit
Frequency Wild AC
• Constant frequency AC still required
• DC inverter converts 28 V DC to:
• Single phase 115V AC 400Hz or,
• 26V AC for electronics – flight
instruments
Frequency Wild System
Değişken frekans
sağladığı için paralel
bağlanamazlar – split
buses

For constant frequency AC

requirements
 Constant Frequency AC
• CSDU:
• Maintains constant generator frequency
• Hydro-mechanical system is engine driven
• Load controller adjusts CSDU to maintain 380 to 400
Hz
• require the generator rotor to be driven at a
constant speed irrespective of engine speed to
maintain constant frequency.
CSDU
CSDU Disconnect Unit
• Oil temperature and pressure monitored.
• Disconnect unit between CSDU and
gearbox.
• Electrically controlled dog-clutch
disconnects drive.
• Only selected if malfunction detected
• GCB takes generator off-line.
CSDU Disconnect Unit
• If the CSDU disconnect has been operated
the generator will no longer be driven and
therefore will not produce voltage.
• The GCB will automatically open to take the
generator off line and it will not be available
for the rest of that flight. Can not be
reconnected in flight; it requires the
maintenance engineers to reset it on the
ground with the engine stopped.
CSDU disconnect unit: once operated, it cannot be
re-set in flight
Integrated Drive Generator (IDG)
Variations of CSDU and generator
combined in one unit
Airbus Electrical System Panel
• IDG disconnect switches are guarded
• Oil temperature and
pressure monitored.
•
Frekans CSD tarafından zaten sabit tutuluyor. Voltaj Kontrolcusü
yük altında voltaj dalgalanmasını sağlamak için gerekli!!!
24000 / 6000=4