T HE LIF E

JE SU S T HE C HR I S T

V
HEN RY W A RD B EECHER

B u t w h e n t h e fu l n e s s o f t he t u ne w a s co me , G od sent fo r t h h 1 s S o n ,
ma d e of a w o ma n , ma d e un d er t he l aw , t o r e de e m t he m t ha t w e r e u n d er

t h e l aw . 4, 5 .

V O L . II .

LA TER SCENES

COM P L ET ED ED I TIO N

N EW Y OR K
B R O MF I EL D AN D C O M PA NY
L O ND ON : R C I H AR D D . D I CK INS ON
1 89 1

[A l l r ig hts r es er ve d ]
 r cg hz s r es e r v e d 3
[A l l

T HE MAC K ENZ IE PR ESS

W mu o c n Co
S
u

VA W I ER
' ‘
T R EET, N Y
1 7-27 ND E A . .
 PR EF A C E T O V O LUM E II .

W ENTY years Henry Ward B eeche r b egan

ago
”
w r iting The Life o f Jesus the Chr ist,
The .

’
w ork w as commenced w hen the author s tim e w as
more than fully occup ie d w ith the regular pastoral
duties o f a large church th e organ iz a t ion o f a r e
,

“ ”
l igio u s ne w spap er the,
C hr istian Un ion and the ,

many m inor call s upon his t ime inc ident to his publ ic
l ife
. Nevertheless am id these var ied d uties he
, ,

compl eted the firs t vol ume w h ich w as p ubl ished

,

in 1 8 7 1 .

A cons iderabl e portion o f the secon d vol um e w as

prepared w he n his w ork w
, as brough t to an ab rupt

standstill by a ser ies o f un foreseen interruptions

w h ich made further preparat ion fo r a numb er o f

years imposs ible Several t imes ho w ever during

.
, ,

the ten years b etw een 1 8 7 6 an d 1 8 8 6 he under ,

took th e completion o f th is volume b u t w as as many ,

times interrupted and forced to lay it aside .

Early in 1 886 h e dec ided to devote the com ing

s ummer to that end T hen th e second vol um e w as
.
iv PR E FA CE TO VO L UJI E 1 1 .

ab out three fourths w r itten an d it seemed reason ,

ably certa in that the year w ould see it fin ished .

Un fortunately fo r the book he w as persuaded to ,

rev is it England dur ing the summer As soon as .

practicable a fter his return h e again se t t o w ork , .

Cons iderable t ime w as spent in recover ing th e

threads o f though t scattered by so many and such
,

long interruptions The matter in hand w as care

.

fully rev ised and by the fir s t o f March 1 88 7 h e had

, , ,

b egun to push ah ead But the fatal ity w h ich had

.

so pers istently de ferred it s complet ion outl iv ed its ,

author ; fo r w h en on March 3 1 88 7 Mr Beecher

, , ,
.

laid do w n his pen fo r a l ittle rest he laid do w n w ith ,

it all further cares and troubles — that n ight he ,

was stricken w ith his final illness .

At first it w as inten ded to publ ish the book j ust

as it had bee n le ft by Mr Beecher B ut recall ing . .

that at the d ifferent t imes w hen he had attempted

to fin ish th is volume he had o ften preached along
,

th e l in e o f the top ics he w as then invest igat ing ,

it was bel ieved that a comp ilat ion m ight b e made

from these sermons w h ich w oul d in a manner sup
,

plemen t the w ork le ft by him Insp ired by that .

hope a care fu l exam ination w as made o f all o f his

,

printed sermons access ibl e to us and the steno ,

graph ic notes o f many unpubl ish ed ones ; and from

th ese sources w as ob tained the mater ial presented
in the supplement Do w n to the close o f Chapter
.

XXV the b ook is exactly as w ritten and left

.
,
 F
P R E A CE T O VOL UM E 1 1 .
v
by Mr Beech er the suppl ement alone be ing ne w
.
,

matter .

In the preparat ion o f th is supplement the com

p ilers w ere con fronted w ith serious d iffi cul t ies nece s ,

sar il inherent in the nature o f the mate r ial fro m

y
w h ich it w as co mp iled That there w ould be in
.
,

many instances a w ant o f continu ity o f though t and

,

style as w ell as ser ious gaps in the narrative w as

, ,

o f course apparent at the outset There seemed .

to b e but t wo w ays o f meeting these d ifficul ties .

One w as to re w r ite most o f the passages and fill the ,

gaps w it h matter o f our o wn co mpos ition w h ich ,

w ould b e remedy in g one e v il by creating a greater

’
one g iv ing our construction o f Mr Beecher s mean
,
.

ing and bel ie fs and probably sac rific ing that force
,

and b eauty o f express ion w h ich was so characteristic

o f his p ulp it utterance s .

The al ternat ive course w as to reta in t he passages

sel ected practically intact ; chang ing only a w ord
,

here and there to adap t them to the ir n e w sur

,

roun dings and inserting such b r ie f sentences at th e

, ,

po ints w here the passages w ere j o ined as w ould ease ,

the reader from too severe j olting in pass ing from

one selection to another leav ing the more serious ,

gaps unfilled We chose the latter course

. .

The m ost marked o miss ion in th e narrative is the

Cruc ifix ion We canno t fi nd a fter an exam in ation
.
,

o f many hundred s o f sermons publ ished and u n ub

p ,

l ishe d that Mr Beecher ever p reached d irectly

,
.
 PRE FA CE T O VO LUM E II .

on that subj ect On the contr ary h e o ften sa id

.
,

that it w as imposs ible : the subj ect w as too a w ful

and subl ime .

In th is for m w e present the w o r k to the p ubl ic ,

kno wing that those person s to w hose severe l iterary

taste the suppl ement may seem in harmon ious may
eas ily om it it ; w h ile many othe rs w e hope may , ,

find com fort and profit in rea ding these de scrip

’
tions o f the clos ing scenes o f Chr ist s l ife and his
last appearance am ong his follo w ers .

S A M UEL S CO V ILLE .

W ILLIA M C . B EEC HER .

J anu ary, 1 89 1 .
 C O N TE N T S .

VO L . II .

CHA PTER

XVIII . A C ROSS T HE LAK E

XI X . THE SO U L S ’
PHY SI C I A N
XX M I N IS T R Y O F THE DIS C IPLL S

X XI . UND E R T HE SHA D O W
X XII . LI G HT T RI U M PH A N T
XXIII . F A R E W E LL To G A LIL E E
XX IV . C O N S C IO U S DI VINITY

XXV . THE G RO THW OF C O N F LI T C

XXVI . R A ISI N G LA Z A RU S .
—W A Y SI D E SERM ON S
XXVII . THE Y O UN G R U LER
X XVIII . HE A LI N G THE B LI ND
XXIX . THE A PP RO A C H OF T HE PA SSOVE R
XXX . THE LA ST PAR AB LEs .
— MA R Y S ’
O FF ER IN G

X XXI . C H RIS T S BET R A YA L

’
,
TR I AL , AND C R UC I F I ION
X

X XXII . THE R E S U RRE C T IO N

APPE ND I X I .
—R EF ER EN CES To G OS PE LS CO N SOLI D A TE D
APPE ND I X II .
—7 DES CR IPTIO N S or EN G RA I N S
V G

N L YT I C A L
A A IND EX
 IN D EX TO ILLUSTR ATIONS .

VO L . II .

C H RIS T E F ORE PIL ATE

B
'

Frorz l isp z ece

( LIt hogI ap he d b y St eI Img 8E Wyl ie fro m Pho t ographs of t he cel ebi ated

p i ct u r e b y Munk acsy

VIEW B ET W EE N SA F E D A ND TEL J U LI A S Opp os ite p age 4 0

S ee Ap p en dx i , p 331
. .

P E TE R S FA I TH TE S TE D
’

THE L A DD E R or T YRE
See Ap p en dx i , p 3 33

MT HERMO N F RO M
. T HE HU L EH
S ee App en dx i , p 335 .

C OI N S ME N T IO N E D I N T HE O PE LS
G S

S pp d x
A 3 6 2
ee en i - 3 64
, pp

THE W OM A N TA E N K IN ADU L TE R Y

B E TH A N Y F ROM THE J ER U A L E M R O AD
S

S Ap
ee dx p en i , p 3 43 .

SI TE or J E RI CH O
dx p
S ee App en i , 3 47 .

JERU S A L E M F ROM T HE BETH A N Y R O A D

S ee dx
App en i , p 3 48

JE RU S A LEM F RO M T HE NOR THEA S T

dx
S ee Ap p en i , p 3 51

G ETH S E M A N E
See Appe n dx i , p 3 50 ,
.
 IN DEX T O ILL US T RA TI O N S .

ST REET SC EN E IN J E RU A LE MS

S ee App e ndx i , p 3 27

O LI VE T NE A R BETHA N
,
Y

S e c App emhx , p 3 5 4 .

MA P .

O U T LIN E MAP OF PA RT S OF ALESTIN E

P
Sho w mg Ro a d s, Rn ei s, To “us, E l evations abo v e l l
Sea- eve , e tc
.
 C HA P T E R XVIII .

A CR OS S T HE LA K E .

AS one r id es at le isure along a summer road there

are many po ints Of v ie w many nooks O f rare l o v e l i
,

n ess many flo w e r s or curiously b r anche d trees that

, ,

m ight b e p assed w ithout notice b ut w h ich w hen once, ,

po inted out cannot b e again overlooked We marve l

,
.

that th ings so modest S houl d at l ength b ecome so

ma r ked .

In follo w ing the narratives o f the Evangel ists e s ,

e cial l the first three w are l ikely to conce ive of

p y e ,

Jesus as one al w ays surro unde d w ith cro w ds an d la ,

bor ing in the ir b ehal f w ith exce ed ing z eal — almost ,

’

l iv ing among t he common people B ut a closer study .

reveals the fact that Jesus at t imes maintain ed a r e

markable separ ateness It is true that he w as never
.

absorb e d and lost in the multitude b ut stood o ut in ,

d istinct ind iv idual ity w h il e he w as teach ing or trav ,

e r sin
g the land in c ircu its O f mercy Q u ite apart from
.

th is ho w ever w as his love o f retirem ent and even

, ,
,

o f secl us ion No t only do w e find him d isentangl ing

.

h imsel f from the throng Of curious heare r s and go ing ,

apart w ith his d isciples b ut even fr om them h e ,

seeme d o ften to dra w aw ay into the re fr eshment o f

absol ute sol itud e As the coolness o f n ight is pou r e d
.

upon flo w ers overspent w ith the glo w an d heat o f the

day so in sol itude the soul o f Jesus O p en ed to the
,

VOL . II .
1
2 F
T HE LI E OF J E S US , THE CHR IS T .

g r e a t heavens above him and w as com forted and ,

calmed into peace For his natu r e w as not l ike a .

cloud that d r ops d o w n it s sho w ers upon the w orl d and

,

sa ils on u pl ifted ab ove the touch o f th ings it ra ins

,

upon He d w el t among us he b ore our gr ie fs he

.
, ,

car r ied our sor r o w s His heart w as q u ick an d sen

.

sit iv e and all the w ants o f men th e ir confl icts and

, ,

pas s ions w rought upon him In sol itude his so ul re

,
.

tu r ne d to it s rest ; so that even w hen the even t is ,

not recorded in the fragmen tary h istory in the G o s

pels w e may suppose w ithout presumption that every
, , ,

p er iod o f intense fe r vor w as follo w ed by some t r anqu il

secl us ion — by a w ithdraw ing to some m ountain r e
,

treat o r by a resort to th e lovely Sea Of G al ilee

,
.

After clos ing his d iscourse from the boat Jesus did ,

not land and go back w ith t he throng to the c ity o f

,

Capernaum He seemed rather to w ish to w ithd r a w

.

from among men ; and so he gave commandment to

”
depart to the other S ide B ut he coul d not at once .

d ise n gage h imsel f There w ere many that l ingered

.

about him dra w n to his person by some inde fi nabl e

,

att ract ion though hav ing no deep moral sympathy

,

w ith him ; and w hen th ey h eard Jesus say t o his

“
d isc ipl e s Le t us go over unto the other S ide o f the
,

lake th ey pressed forw ard to go w ith him

,
.

Ch ie f among them w as undoub tedly one o f the aris

t o c r acy o f the Je w s “
a Scr ib e W ith a see ming
, .

w hol e heartedness h e sa i d
-
Master I w ill follow thee ,

w h ithersoeve r thou goest The s ur face m otive w as .

doub tle ss s incere bu t the cen t r e o f influen ce in his

,

sp irit had n o t b een touched He b eheld him w ho .

w as to r esto r e I s r ae l r ath e r than him w ho w as to r e

,

c r eate the s oul He sa w a d isgu ised k ing not o f that

.

,
 SS
A CR O THE LA K E .
3

kingdom o f heaven w ith in you b ut o f that k ingdom ,

w h ich cometh w ith O bservation No doub t he fel t a .

genu ine dra w in g to w ard Jesus as many a su itor feels ,

a m ild affection fo r an h e iress look ing upon her per ,

son as it stands in rel ie f upon the b ackground o f her

estate He w as j ust en ough pe netrate d w ith th e ad
.

mirabl e ne ss o f th e Lord s teach ings to fe el sure that

’

th is w as the h idden K ing and that the k ingdo m coul d

,

not b e far o ff .

The reply o f Jesus p ierce d to the very centre o f

these conceale d amb it ions It w as even ing . the ‘

cro w d w ere mov ing aw ay home w ard W ith the deep .

e nin g t w il ight th e song b irds w ere b u shing th e ir last

-
,

notes ; against the sky the sea b irds might b e se en -

fly ing to w ard the ir n ight resorts ; and in the recesses

O f the h ills that rose up from the w estern s ide o f th e

sea foxes al ert w ith h unge r w ere peering out from

, , ,

the ir hol es From these images Jesus framed his

.

reply : The f oxes have Iz oies the bir ds of fil e air Iz ave nests
, ,

but the S on (f M an [ m i/z not wher e to l ay Iiis head Th is .

ans w er reveal ed the latent w orldl iness o f the Scrib e .

He w as not one w ho coul d j oy fully take poverty sel f ,

den ial p ersecut ion an d even death fo r r igh teousness

, , ,
’

sake His expe ctations w ere a d elus ion After the

. .

expl ic it w ords o f Jesu s he did not press his o ffer

,
.

These p icture w ords o f Jesus to the Scr ibe reveal a

-

sort o f homes ickness in the Master s sp ir it Wh ile he ’

.

carr ied others grie fs an d b ore the ir sorro w s he was

’

h imsel f lon ely His d isc iples were inconstan t and

.

untrained His o w n k indre d did not b el ieve in him

. .

His mother thought him almost bes ide h imsel f The .

r ul ing class had tu r ned aga inst him The vast cro w ds .

that thronged him w ere mo r e a b urd en and a danger

4 THE LI E OF J ES US , F THE CHR IS T .

than a help No t far in the distance w as Cal vary

. .

Ho w deep th is feel ing o f homelessness w as is seen by

th e e ffect produced upon the d isc iple most in interior
sympathy with him — John It w as th is d isc ipl e w ho ,
.

remembered such say ings as these : He w as in the

w orld and the w orl d w as made by him and the w o rld
, ,

kne w him not He cam e unto his o w n and his o w n .

,

rece ived him not For I am not alone b ut I and the .

,

Father that sen t me The Father hath not l ef t me .

”
al one St ill plainer are th e reco r ds o f th is e x p e r i
.

ence as w e approach the great pe r iod o f his pass ion ‘

“
The hour cometh yea is n o w come that ye shall , , ,

be scattered every man to Iz is own and siz all l ea ve me ,

al o n
e ; and yet I am not alon e b e cause the Father is ,
”
w ith me John vi
( x . .

As the even ing fell upon th e tranqu il sea and Jesus ,

had d ism isse d the l inger ing appl icants the d isc iples , ,

“
w ithout w a it ing to make preparat ion t ook him even ,
”
as he w as in the sh ip and pushed forth to w ard the ,

southeast part o f the lake Wearied w ith the day s .

’

w o rk soothe d by the cool n ight air lull ed by the

, ,

gentle creak o f th e sa il and by the l iqu id plash O f

1
the oars Je s us fell asleep upon a boat cush ion
,
-
.

The r e is r e as o n to b li v e e e t ha t t he “
sh ip s or
“
bo at s e mploye d u p o n
t he l ke in L d tim w n t u nl ike t ho t i ll in mo ng t h
’
a o ur or s e er e o se s u se a e

A b ra M g g d s . ib t h l g t
ac re b ut t hi ty f t l o n
or e sc r vn es e ar es as a o r ee or
0 ,
se e '

f t b
ee d w i th g d l i n
ro a fl t fl
, p n x c p t
oo t t he h p nd i i ng
es , a a oo r , o e e e a s ar a r s

e nd whi h w d k d v nd v d wi th b t u hi n In O i n
s, c er e ec e o er a co e re oa -
c s o s . r e

t l l nd
a h ng
a th sx p t i n nd m n f m g t g t h
c a es ar e e e ce o , a sa e e ss ro a e o a e e

rul Th i n
e . n t b l i v t h t i ngl h ng h be n m d in
e re s o re aso o e e e a a s e c a e as e a e

b t bu ild i ng m ng th B d u i n nd A b f th l k nd i v
oa -
a o e
gi ne o s a ra s o e a e a r er re o s

for tw th u nd y o Ag i ul t u
o m i n th
sa m ;
e ar s i l l if m n
. r c re re a s e sa e so c a e, a

n e rs ,nd u t m a th m ; th
c ud
s o hi t t u
s ar e f p nt l i f
e i sa e e r e ar c ec re o e as a e s

st i ll wh t it w f u t h u nd y
a as nd it i di ffi ul t t
o r o n e ivsa th t e ar s a o a c o co c e a
g s

b t bu ild i ng h uld h v
oa -
i v d n i mpul t h t h uld m k m d n
s o a e re ce e a se a S o a e a o er

A b ft n u nf i thf ul mp l y d by fi h m n f t he
’
ra s
py f t h
c ra a a co o o se e o e s er e o
 A CR os s THE LAK E .
5

Hover ing round th e S h ip w ere other l ittle boats ,

cro w de d w ith people w hose exc ite d imag ination s de

t e rmin e d them to hol d fast to th is w onde r ful per
so n a e
g and not to b e
,
absent w hen he should thro w
O ff his d isgu ise reveal ing h imsel f in full po w er and, ,

set up the n e w k ingdom The ir enthus iasm w as to .

rece ive a rude S hock W ithout a cl ou d over the sky .

,

o r any w a r n ing a rush ing no ise h issed through the air , ,

and a storm o f w ind fell do w n upon the m as if str a ight

out from the heavens above the ir heads So su dden .

w as it that at first there w as no t ime fo r w aves to r ise

,
.

The fu r ious w in d caught up the w ater and w h irle d it ,

in w reaths and knots through the air w ith bl in d ing

v iol ence After a l ittle the w aves b egan to roll Al l
. .

w as con fus ion The seas dashed in roll a fter roll

.
, ,

fill ing the O pen b oat an d threaten ing to foun der it .

Jesus S lept o n j ust as a thousand times s ince in

, , ,

deep dar kness and upon w ildly trouble d a ffairs am id ,

the outc r y o f alarmed men h e has seeme d to S l umb er ,

.

To him the r e w as no danger from th e w aves or the

w ind ; the storm that S houl d overr ide him w as to
gather in Jerusal em not upon the Sea o f G al ilee His ,
.

d isc iples cr ie d to him Carest thou n ot that w e per ,

“
ish ? They came to him and rouse d hi m
~
Master , ,

maste r w e perish ! He arose and at a w ord the w ind

,
”
,

passed by the sea subs ided and th e sky w as clear

, ,
.

There w a s a great calm 1

.
”

La ke of G a i ee l l du i ng r o ur d s l i fe
Lo r ’
. The y we re ll d by
p ro p e e sa il s,

p ro b a bly a r ud l t ee n
e a sa i l and by
,
o ar s w he n t he wi d iled
n fa or w as
adv e r se . In Par t I . Chap . X VII . it is sa id t hat t he r e ar e no w no b o at s

up n o t he La ke of G al il e e . B ut M ac
g re
g or ( R o b R oy on the J o r dan ,

p 3 5 7 ) sa s ,
. y
F r o m n sp e ct o n , I c ame t o i i lu i
t he co nc s o n t hat in 1 8 6 9
t he r e ar e t hr e e fi shin b o at s and t w o at t he ferr , o r fi v e in al l
g
-
”
y .

1 “
x i i
My e p er e nce in t h s r e g o n e na e s me t o s mp at h z e th t he dis i bl y i wi
c ip l e s in t he r o n
g n ght
’
i l
s c o nt e s t t h t hi
e n I s e nt a n
p gh t in t he wi wi d . i
 6 THE LI FE OF J ES US , THE CHRI S T .

narrat ive o f th is scene is in tensely s imple It is

The .

made dramat ic by it s in t r ins ic el ements The w ind .

and w aves w ithout the storm o f pass ionate fear w ith in , ,

the S impl ic ity w ith w h ich Jesus con fronts the scene ,

his commands la id upon n ature and his reb uke o f the

pus illan im ity o f his d isc iples the calm ing o f the el e ,

ments and the ch ild ish w onder o f the cre w form a

, ,

p ictu r e st r ik ing in itsel f b ut more remarkable as the ,

foreg r ound to a grander scene w h ich Jesus w as n o w

app r oach ing For the mo r n ing l ight break ing along .
,

the eastern l ine o f the lake revealed to the m the l ittle ,

to w n O f G e rge sa bu ilt on the edge o f the lake upon a ,

small plain on the south bank o f the river S e mak h .

W dy Sh k iyif me t h ee mile s up it t o t he left f

a u a , so The
r n h d , o us . su a

s c ar c ely e t whe n t he wi nd b g n t
s u h d wn t ow d th l k nd it o n e a o r s o ar e a e, a c

t i nn d el l n i ght l ng wi t h c n t nt ly i n
a o i ng i l n t h t wh n w o s a cr e as v o e c e , so a e e

r e ac hed t h sho e n x t m n i ng t he f e f t he lak e w

e r e l ik hug b i l
or ac o as e a e o

ing ld n The wi nd h wled down ev y w dy f m th n th a t t

ca ro . o er a , ro e or e s o

e as t wi th u h fu y t h t n
, s ff t o f
c w r uld h v b ught b t t
a o e or s ro e r s co a e ro a oa o

s h e t ny p i nt l ng t h t c a t
or a a o In wi nd l i ke t h t t h d i i p l e mu t
a o a o s . a a , e sc s s

h ve b n d i ve n qu i t e
a ee r t G enne a et a w e k n w t hey w acro ss T o s r , s o e re . o

u nde t nd th c u e f the e udd n nd v i ol nt t mp e t w mu t

rs a e a s s o s s e a e e s s, e s re

m mb e t h t t he l k e l i
er a l ow ix hu nd d f e t l w
a th n t h
es n; ,
s re e o er a e o ce a

t h t t he v t
a nd n k d p l at e u
as a f t he J ul n i e ta e g t he i ght a s o a a r s o a rea
,

s
p d i ng b kw d t t h w i ld of th H u n nd upw d t n wy H
r ea ac ar o e s e a ra ,
a ar o s o er

m n t hat t h w t e c u e h ve
o e t t p f u nd
a r o v i n ndw ild g g
rs s a cu ou ro o ra es a or es,

co nv
gi ng t t h h d f t hi l k
er o and t hat t h
e ea ct l i k ogi g nt i c f nn l s a e, e se a e a u e s

t d w d wn t he
o ra ld wi nd f m t h mo unt i n O n t h
o co i n fe d
s ro e a s . e o ccas o re rre

to, w e ub qu ntly i t h d
s se t e nt
e t th h nd c m i n d f th
e o ur e s ore , a re a e or re e
p s a

d y nd ni ght
a s a
p d t t h i t m
s ex nd u wi nd W
o se e h d t d ubl p in
o s re e o s . a o o e

a l l t h t nt e
p e nd f qu e ntly w
-r
o es, bl i g d t h ng w i th
a re wh le er e o e o a o ur o

w i ght up n th m t k p th qu iv i ng t be n l f m b i ng
e o e o ee id p
e er a r ac e ro e c ar r e u

b d ily i nt t h i — Tho m n Th L nd nd th B ok V l II pp
o o e a r .
”
so
’
s e a a e o , o . . .

3 2 3 3 .

u t the R b R y p d b l w W dy Fik
J s as t nge d i t nt hi s
o o a s se e o a , a s ra ,
s a s

ing und d h d wh w
so uld e th t i l ent t m w agi ng
a ea , e re e co s ee a a v o s or as r .

In t ntly l l h nd w
s a n th l t t m t it The w ve h d n t t i me
a a s e re o e a er o ee . a s a o

to i T h gu t h d m d w n p n
r se .
lm w t e nd t h y w hi k d up
s s a co e o u o ca a er , a e s e

l ng w th f it i nt t h k y T h
o re a bi d
s il d wi th th
o ing o e S . e s e a- r s sa e e r o ar
8 T HE LI FE or J ES US , THE CHR I S T .

ta ry places such as rock cu t sepulchres an d caves ;

,
-

fierce to w ard othe r s and v iolent to w ard h imsel f ; full

o f w ild cr ies ,
n igh t an d day ; b u r st ing all bands and ,

b reak ing the manacles w ith w h ich fr iends sough t to

re s tra in him ; w ithout cloth ing or proper food ; w an
der ing up and do w n in sol itary place s among the da rk
go rges or on the mounta in s ide feared by all and -
, ,

supremely w retched in h imsel f Matthe w mentions .

two . B ut it is pla in that th e second w as b ut as it

w ere a shado w o f the first w hose te r r ible energy mad e
,

him the consp icuou s figure in th e scen e F r om his .

“
mounta in haunt he saw Jesus a far o ff
,
Impell ed .

by ir res ist ibl e impulse h e sped along the h ills and

, , ,

rush ing w ildly plunged headlong u pon the ground as

, ,

in a k ind o f b rutal O b e isance yell ing a terrifie d s ub,

m iss ion. What have w e to do w ith thee Jesus thou , ,

Son o f th e most h igh G o d? Jesus responded Come ”

,

o ut
of the m a n l,hou uncl ea n s ir ii
p
Then w ith a w a il in w h ich suppl icat ion and defiance
,

“
w ere w e irdly m ingled the w retch cr ies ,
Ar t thou ,

come h ither to torment us b e fo r e the t ime I adj ure

”
thee by G o d that thou torment me not .

Strangely eno ugh the d emons b eseech Jesus to per

,

mit them to take possess ion o f the herd o f s w ine w h ich

w ere feed ing on th e mounta in slope not far o ff — a -
,

fi t cho ice fo r such sp ir its The w hole herd rushed

.

headlong into the foam ing sea and w ere dro w ned .

The keepe r s o f the s w ine b etook themselves to the

to w n O f G e rg e sa and w ithout doub t gave a terr ify ing
,

account o f w hat had happened The inhab itants o f .

th is reg ion w ere p r obably o f m ixed race There may .

have b een Je w s among the m ; b ut there is n o e v i

dence that the s w ine w ere the prope r ty o f Je w s w ho ,
 A CR O SS T HE LAK E .
9

w ere not allo w ed to deal in uncl ean an imals The .

“ “ ”
new s brought out the w hole c ity to mee t Jesus ,

“
and to see w hat it w as that w as done They thronged .

to the S pot w here th e b ene fi ce n t exorc ism had taken

place A s ight met the ir eyes that m ight touch w ith
.

sympathy a heart o f stone The w ild man o f the

.

tombs w hose h ideous vo ice had S O o ften b een heard

,

in the n ight scre a m in g or curs ing w hose naked body ,

had b een d isfigured w ith ghastly w ounds an d filth w as ,

n o w s itt ing at the fee t o f Jesus cl othed and in his , ,

r ight m ind The w eary feet that day and n ight had
.
,

no t rested , w ere still The eyes that had long bla z ed

.

w ith an imal fury n o w looked forth w ith a so ft calm

ness w h ich reason an d gratitud e consp ire d to create .

Wo r ds O f love and fa ith fell from his l ips The tombs .

w ere s ilent the mounta in w as still the sea resume d it s

, ,

so ft r ipple .

In another mood th e cro w d w oul d have chanted

hosannas b ut a sudd en pan ic had fille d these super
,

st it io u s c r eatu r es w ith terror The destruction o f prop

.

e r t y w a s the first ne w s o f th is strange pe r sonage they

had rece ived fro m th e vulgar sw ineherds An d w hen .

the c it iz ens thronged about Jesus and saw the w ild ,

man o f the mountains restore d to reason it adde d to ,

the ir terror The presen ce o f a b e ing o f such p o w

.

e r — a master o f the black arts perhaps b e fore w hom , ,

fie rce demons quaile d at w hose perm iss ion t w o thou

,

san d s wine had b een s w ept into the sea an d perishe d in

i
a h deous rout — appalled them w ith a vague sense o f
d anger .D emons in the air an d s wine in the sea w ho ,

coul d tell w hat nex t m ight come forth from the moun
tain the heavens or t he w ate r s ? Out o f bl ind te r r or
, ,

they besought th is too po w erful v is itor to depart o ut

-
10 F
THE LI E OF J E S US , THE C HRI S T .

of the ir ne ighbo rhood It is probable that the ir con

.

dit ion w ould have made any expo s tulat ion or ins t r uc
t ion usel e s s B ut it w as not even attempted ; only in
.

t he O pen fu rr o w w oul d Jesus s o w seed He w ho com .

m an de d the sto r m to b e st ill la id n o v iolence upon the

hea r ts o f men .

One exqu is ite p icture stands out u pon th is da r k

background As Jesus ascend ed the b oat to return
.
,

the n e w made man b esought him that he m ight be

-

w ith him
”
.The poor ignoran t people w ere fo r th r ust
,

ing the healer O f men out fr om the ir m idst But th is .

poor soul that had come back from a h ideous cap tiv ity
to ev il sp irits coul d not b ear to b e separate d fr om his
del iverer .D oubtless there w as upon him a vague
dread o f the recurrence o f the ev il influen ce ; b ut yet
more w as it gratitude and a response to that strong,

p e rs onal attract ion w h ich Jesus exerc ised in so s ignal

a manner .

There is perhaps in no other place in the Evangel ists

a scen e w h ich so severely taxes the b el ie f o f one w ho
looks upon pas t scenes w ith the eyes o f that v igorous
sp iritual incredul ity w h ich mode r n sc ientific train ing
is apt to b eget Were the h istory o f Jesus a gran d
.

drama b u ilt up l ike Shakespear e s Hamlet out o f the

, ,
’

imag inat ion the n men w ould adm ire the ha r mony and
,

equ ipo is e w h ich the presence and activ ity o f ev il

sp irits g ive to t he w hole story B ut w hen d emon ic .

influence an d m ir aculous agenc ies are presented as

s imple h isto r ic occurrences many w ho w ould del ight
,

in them as ornamen ts r ej ect them as sober facts We .

mu s t inte r p r et the h isto ry in the sp irit O f it s age in ,

the S p ir it o f the Evangel ists and above all in the , , ,

S ir it o f it s He r o Jesus ep e ent d h imsel f as hav

p r r. s e
 A CR O SS THE LAK E .
11

ing come into th is w orl d fr om the S p ir it l and fo r the -

del iverance o f men fr om the po w er o f the flesh He .

b el ieved that a grander h istory w as go ing on in the

sp iritual un iverse than any on the v is ible earth and ,

that the w orld s w ung alternately in to the l ight or

shado w o f m ighty sph eres external to itsel f .

The age in w h ich he appeare d bel ieved in the

ex istence b oth o f good and ev il S p ir its ou t o f the
body and in the ir intrus ion upon th is earth —not
, ,

only that they had po w er to tempt b ut that in ,

many cases and at particular times th ey had po w er

, ,

to take posse s s ion o f the bod ies an d m inds o f men ,

and to co n trol them . The s imilar ity O f the sy mp

toms o f demon ic possess ion to those resulting from
o r d inary natu ral causes in many forms o f insan ity
n o w perfectly fam il iar to phys ic ians has b een by some ,

r egarded as pos it ive proo f that demon ic possess ion w as

noth in g b ut insan ity and that th e attr ib ution o f a

,

S p ir it O r ig in
-
,
in days b e fore the sc ience o f med ic ine
had b een m uch d evelope d w as the result o f igno
,

rance and superstition .

B u t it is to b e cons idere d that if ev il sp ir its should

,

take possess ion o f the m ind o f men the b ra in an d ,

w hole n ervous system by means o f w h ich intell igence

,

d iscloses itsel f w oul d b e thro w n into an abnormal

,

state and it w ould n ot b e unreasonabl e to expe ct that

,

eve r y symptom o f cerebral d isturbance w ould b e pres

ent .
D emon ic possess ion w ould on th is v ie w w ork
external results l ike those produced by any other
g r eat deran gement in the sup r eme centres o f huma n
intel l igence and all the symptoms o f var ious insan
,

ities m ight reasonably b e expected Pals ies dumb .

,

and mop ing m elan chol ia ep ilep sy s imple man ia foul

, , ,
 a d
T HE LI E OF J ES US F ,
THE C HRI S T .

ra g ings o f ev il pa s s ions are kno w n to ar ise from a ,

var iety o f causes phys ical and mental ; an d w hy ,

should they not sp ring al s o fr om the agency o f ev il

sp ir its in seate d and cont r oll ing ? W hy S hould not
,
-

the exace rbat ions o f int r ud ing demons w ork pals ies ,

pa r alys is or fu r ious man ia as really and naturally as

, ,

do d iss ipat ions excess ive exc itemen ts or other in

, ,

fl ammat io ns o f the b r a in ? That th is w as the b el ie f o f

the age in w h ich Jesus l ived is ind isputabl e That .

Jesus accepted th is b el ie f is b eyond reasonabl e ques

t ion It is not enough to say that he m ight have
.

deemed it w ise to con form to a superst it ion o f his

a e
g H
. e d id not come on earth to con form to vul
gar prej ud ices w h ich had respect to the sp irit-w orld ,

and involved facts and p rinc ipl es v itally connected

w ith th e D iv ine government over men He w as the
“
.

true l ight w h ich l ighteth every man that cometh into

”
the w orld Bu t th is b el ie f in the ex istence and
.

agency o f evil S p ir its hover ing ab out th is sphere , ,

act ing at large upon the human race pervaded his ,

w hole teach ing He in tr oduced the them e time and

.

aga in o f h imsel f in his most private instruct ions to

, ,

his disc ipl es and in the most secl ud ed an d solemn

,

moments If Jesus did not b el ieve in th e ex istence

.

o f ev il S p ir its and the ir agency in the a ffa irs o f men ,

the rad iance w h ich has S pread O ver his nam e must
change to a darker hue Even Renan th inks that .

h e b el ieved b ut that it w as the v is ion ary bel ie f o f

,

a nobl e fanat ic to w hom at length phantoms had,

become real ities .

Wh il e mode r n thought on the on e s ide is establ ish , ,

in g a r igo r ous method O f b el ie f w h ich makes the ,

senses not m in iste r s b ut masters O f man s h igher na ’

 A CR OSS THE LA K E .
13

ture , and w h ich re fuses to re ce ive any truth that can

not re duce itsel f to the level and form o f th e senses ,

there is on the other Side break ing out in irregular ,

b ut irres ist ible impulses a faith in inv is ible sp irits and

, ,

in the ir relat ions to time an d men w h ich is b r ing ing ,

back m ultitudes to the b el ie fs and moods w h ich pre

vaile d in the age o f Jesus — b el ie fs w h ich have never
,

been s uppressed or fo r any length o f t ime much w eak

,

ened thoug h in the progress o f kno wledge they have

,

b een regul ate d an d the ir l im its some w hat d efined by

hi IO S O hic reason Modern thought is in no cond itio n
p p .

to sit in j udgment upon the mysterious the mes o f the

S p ir it w orld
-
. Until much more l ight and certainty
have been cast upon the h itherto inscrutabl e interiors
o f the demon ic or angel ic spheres w e n eed not re fuse ,

to accept the narratives o f the confl ict o f Jesus w ith

demon ic S p ir its as a true and prop er record o f the his
tory Of his t imes .

The ph ilosoph ic and eth ical qu estion s w h ich w ill

naturally come up aroun d many po ints o f th e narrative
ar e not exclus ively pert inent to th is scene b ut b elong ,

to all contacts o f th is v is ibl e w orl d w ith the in vis ible ,

and to all relations b etw e en the fin ite and the infin ite .

Jesus clearly and repeatedly assumed that th e human

m ind had in it an unde veloped germ w h ich w hen , ,

qu icken ed w o ul d p ut it into n e w relations not only

, ,

w ith the S p ir it w orld b ut also w ith the mater ial glob e

-
,
.

Those pr inc iples o f ev idence w h ich e xclude a b el ie f in

good and evil S p ir its and in the h istor ic real ity o f the
,

statements concern ing th e m w ill not stop at that b ut , ,

w il l deny that the soul o f man is immater ial that ,

there is evidence o f ex istence after death that the r e is ,

a personal G o d or an intell igent mo r al gove r nment

,
.
14 THE s o UL S PH YS I CI AN
’
.

C HA P T E R XIX .

T HE S OUL S PHY S ICIAN

’
.

THE n ight goeth and the morn ing come th Wh ile .

cro w ds on one s id e o f th e lake w ere p ray ing Jesus to

d epart out o f the ir coasts on th e other s id e great
,

“
m ult itudes w ere w a iting fo r him w hen he returned ”

from G e r ge sa to Capernaum .

He had b een gone b ut t wo n ights and a day The .

exc itement no w b ecome general w a s in no d egre e

, ,

abated It w as not confine d to any on e class or part

.

o f the commun ity No w onder that Jesus O ften hid

.

himsel fl — that h e forbade those w ho had b een w o n

de r ful l y healed from p ubl ish ing it abroad T he r e w as .

danger that soc iety w oul d b e d eranged that tumul ts ,

w ould ensue and that the people m ight br ing do w n

,

on themselves the arm o f a cruel government w h ich ,

had O ften d rench ed the lan d in blood There w as even .

more danger that the exc itement o f cur ios ity w ould
supe r sede moral sens ib il ity The b est m en and the
.

“
w o rst reputable mat r ons and w omen
,
that w ere sin
”
ne r s Pha r ise es an d the common peopl e Roman o th
, ,

ce r s and Je w is h rule r s l aw ab id ing c it iz ens and r u ffian s

,
-

of eve ry deg r ee s w elled the motl ey congregat ion

,

w h ich chok e d up the h igh w ays filled v illages w h ere ver

,

he came and bes iege d the d w ell ings in w h ich he took

,

r e fuge . Every mot ive w h ich an imates a p r om iscuous

c ro w d insp ired th is movabl e congregat ion Some came .
10 T HE LI FE O F J ES US , T HE C HR IS T .

sa ys
, The re w a s a great company o f p ubl icans and o f
”
others t h at sat d o w n w ith them Th is m ight b e .

o w ing as much to the fr iendly r elations subs isting b e

t we e n Mat t he w and his fo r mer pro fess ional friends as
t o t he a t t ract ion o f Je s us ; b ut Mark al w ays sharply ,

defin ing his f acts says Many publ ican s and S inn ers
, ,
”
sa t al s o t ogether w ith Jesus and his d is c iples at meat .

“
The s e t w o terms publ ican an d s inner compr ised
, ,

t ho s e w ho s inned aga inst the publ ic sent iment and

t ho s e w ho s inned aga inst the la w s o f pr ivate moral ity .

The publ ican w as o ften a cruel and avar ic ious e x t o r

t io n e r . But he w as abhorred by patr iotic Je w s even
m o r e as the instrument of fore ign tyranny N o .

peopl e ever had a more intense patr iot ism than the
Je w s . Under oppress ion it b ecame rel ig ious fan at i
c is m
. We may eas ily imag ine the d etestat ion w ith
w h ich a Hebre w w ould v is it a recreant fello w coun -

t ry man so lo s t to all pat riot ism as to thr ive by

,

collect ing an unj ust an d hum il iat ing tax from his
peopl e in favor o f the ir oppressors NO w on der that .

the Scr ibes and Pha risees stood aghast to se e Jesus

eat ing w ith a great company o f publ icans !
B u t th is ext r aord inary feast had other guests Pub .

l icans and sinner s ! ”

The term s inne r w as appl ied to
b o t h se xe s and w hether used to w a r d men or w omen
,

it s ign ified a t otal b ank r uptcy o f v irtue and good

mo ral s W hen w e cons id e r the lax state o f morals
.

e x is t ing in the m ixed populat ion O f G al ilean c it ies in

that dis o rde re d t ime those to w hom the ep ithet sinners

,

w as g iv e n mu s t have b een exceed ingly d egraded .

The Ph a r is e e w as O f all men pecul iarly l iabl e to b e

s h o c k e d at th is ap a r ent ind iffe r ence o f Jesus to the
p
m o ral c h a racte r O f his c o mpany We can imag in e a .
 THE S O UL S PH YS I CI A N 17
’
.

grayb eard venerate d fo r w isdom an d h igh in the

, ,

school o f the synagogue say ing to a young Phar isee , ,

A man is kno w n by the company h e keeps A v irtu .

ous person should n ot countenance the w icke d by fa

mil iarl y assoc iating w ith them B ehold th is Jesus .
,

a rash and unsettled fello w o f good parts if he had ,

prud ence b ut w asting his infl uence and inj uring good
,

m orals by eating and dr ink ing w ith the very w orst

peopl e in the land It p uts all t he v irtuous to shame
.

to se e him s itting at a feast w ith the v ilest o f the v ile .

What an example to o ur young m en ! He pretends

to b e more holy than the l aw He talks ab out p urity .

and sp ir itual ity B ut ho w does he act . He is a lover

o f feasts he is not fond o f the company o f the b est
,

men in our nation he sp ends his time w ith p ubl icans

,

and s inners Look at him n o w . Who are those .

about him ? Publ icans ! Who are those w omen ?

He cannot b ut kno w w hat every man in Capernaum
kno w s And w hat coul d he do more to encourage
.

them in ev il than to sit among them in th is d isgrace

,

ful fam il iarity ? It is r e volt ing He is a gl utton and

”
a top er .

To eat and dr ink w ith one is a compact o f fr iend

sh ip among the Arabs to th is day Although in th e .

great c ities o f G al ile e w here G reek and Roman in fl u

,

ence had w eaken e d the or ig inal Je w ish feel ing th is act ,

m ight not have b e en as S ign ificant as among the ch il

dren O f the d esert ye t it reta in ed a pecul iar force
, ,

and Jesus coul d hardly have struck a more sens itive

prej ud ice than by allo wing b ad men to approach him
soc ially It is more than l ikely in the ir state o f m ind
.
, ,

that it appeare d to the Phar ise es an act O f pos itive

immoral ity They w ere not in a mood to cons ider
.

VOL . II . 2
18 T HE L I E F OF J ES US ,
THE C HR IS T .

ho w t ng e
s ra it w as t hat
these c r eatures w ere not
dra w n t o his d iscou rse fo r t he s ak e O f the feast b ut ,

t o t he fe as t fo r the sake O f his d iscourse .

A Ph a r is e e the w o rld ove r is good externally

,
He ,
.

con fo rm s to l aw an d custom He has l ittl e concept ion .

o f h e ro is m o f the heart If sel f conce it is his most .

-

O b v iou s f ault the w ant o f humane sympathy is a s in

,

yet more d ea dly The Phar ise e acted as if his cere

.

mon ial pu r ity gave him a r ight t o j udge an d con

de mn men He saw only the ev il that w as in them
. .

That ev il exc ited ne ither p ity nor help fulness b ut ,

de testat ion It w as enough if a m an w as w icked

. .

Keep aw ay from him D o n ot contam inate yoursel f . .

Preach to the moral leper from a far if n e ed b e b ut , ,

do not l et him come near If he w ishe s your com .

pany let him re form

,
An d yet eve r y one o f them as
.
,

a parent had in his o w n hea r t a h int o f that D iv ine

,

economy w h ich it w as the m iss ion o f Jesus to intr o

d uc e among men fo r he that helps a ch ild out o f his
fault s w ho chast ises in love w ho seeks above all ends
, , ,

and by all means gentle or severe th e recovery o f

, ,

the e rr ing one has an interpre tat ion in his o w n heart

,

o f the D iv ine gove r nmen t and o f the spec ial m iss ion

o f Je s us His r e pl ies on many occas ions w ere full o f

.

t he w isdom O f love “
W icked men are condemne d
.

al re ady a n d do not need that I shoul d condemn them

, .

Th e y need p ity an d hel p They are not w orthl ess .

b e cau s e t hey are w icked They ne ed some one to .

b e a r the ir b u rdens to care fo r them to help the m

, ,

w ish to b e good to nou r ish that fa int d es ire to insp ire

, ,

hop e o f s ucces s to r eassure them w hen they break

,

t h e ir r e s olut ion s t o lend them w armth an d sympathy

,

an d love b e fo r e they a r e good

, as nu r ses an d phys i ,
 THE s o UL S
’
PH Y S I CIAN .
19

c ian s g ive t he s ick cord ials and nour ishments as w ell as

med ic ines an d g ive them w h ile they are s ick attend ing
, ,

w ith most ass id u ity those w ho are the s ickest God .

not only forg ives the repentant b ut h e lends his heart ,

to men as a h elp to rep entin g K indness to w ard the .

w icke d is the see d o f hope Fear bl o w s su ffering do

.
, , ,

not re form m en unless accompan ie d by hope sym

, ,

pathy encouragement Consc ience insp ires rectitud e

,
.
,

and the S p ir it o f consc ience must b e felt in those w ho

deal w ith ev il b ut rectitud e l ike fa ith must w ork by , ,

love o r it b ecomes harsh and oppress ive

,
.

The appl icat ion o f personal k indness to ev il men

does not re qu ire every good man to assoc iate on terms
o f int imacy w ith bad men n or to g ive the free dom o f,

his househol d to the deprave d n or in any w ay to ,

en feebl e the popular sense o f the exceed ing s in ful ness

o f v ice and cr ime Sel f prote ction on the part O f the
.
-

young and o f inexper ience d men an d the sh ield ing ,

o f the school o f th e household demand th e utmost ,

prudence in the appl ication o f Christian soc ial feel ing

as a moral m ed ic ine It is a str ik ing feature in the
.

l ife o f Jesus that w h ile his adversar ies fo r party pur

, , ,

poses charged him w ith b e ing a compan ion o f rogues

,

and ronés the culpabl e classes themselves neve r mis

,

understood his character or purposes There w as a .

man ifest reveren ce in the ir approach to him The .

hum il ity and aw e o f th e repen tant Magdalen w as a

su ffi c ient ans w er to the impl icat ion that he fostered
ev il by consc ienceless fam il iarity .

Jesus p erce ive d in some o f these people the germs

o f a b etter l ife Attracte d to him at first perhaps by
.

cu r ios ity or m ere love o f exc itement the ir m inds found ,

n e w thoughts sp r ing ing up St r ange year n ings w ere

.
20 F
THE L I E OF J ES US , T HE CHRI S T .

mov ing the ir hearts A w ord o f k indness n o w m ight

.

det e rm ine the ir dest iny For men struggl ing am id

.

the ir m isdeed s to d o b etter are l ike sa ilors w ho ,

s w imm ing t h r ough a bo iste r ous sea are str iving to ,

re ach the shore The very w ave w h ich carr ies them
'

far up the s and s if help b e not a fforded w ill return

, ,

t o w a r d the deep and b ear them out w ith it The t ime .

fo r succor is w hen men yearn fo r a b etter l ife He .

t hat has h uman sympathy has ins ight o f such moods ,

a n d catches m e n at the ve ry c r it ical po int o f d est iny .

The Pha r is ees bel ieved in theory as really as Jesus

did that it w as better to save men than to d estroy them .

There could be no stronger en unc iat ion o f the curat ive

sympathy o f D iv ine government than w as found in
the ir p rophets . Have I any pleasure a t all that the
w icke d s hould die saith the Lord G o d; and not that
he s hould r e turn from his w ays an d l ive ? For I ,

have n o pleasure in the death O f him that d ieth saith ,

”
the Lord G o d .

( Ez ek xv iii 2 3 . T he Phar isees.

,

did not blame Jesus fo r seek ing the w el fare o f co rrupt

men But that w as to b e done by w arn ing by in
.
,

struct ion by p un ishments Evil men had by c r imes

,
.

o r v ices fo r fe ited the ir r ights among v irtuous men and ,

they w e r e to b e excl uded from the assoc iat ions o f good

me n both fo r the safety o f human soc ie ty and fo r
,

th e ir pun ishment unt il they had g iven proo f o f s ince r e

,

r epentance .

But J e s us taught that personal sympathy is the

best cu r e fo r ev il It is goodness com ing to the rescue
.

o f ev il that insp ires hope Jesus kne w that personal

.

in fluen ce is far mo r e po w e r ful than me r e preach ing .

In s t ruct ion and exhortat ion p r epa r e the w ay ; b ut

n o th ing qu icken s the innermost soul l ike the l iv ing
 THE S O UL S PH YS I CI A N 21
’
.

contact o f another soul The goodn ess o f Jesus his .

,

s ingular ele vation his sup er ior w isdom the nobleness

, ,

o f his personal intercourse had he b een w ithout com ,

pass ion fo r those that ar e out o f the w ay m ight have ,

conv icte d men O f sin b ut w oul d hav e in sp ir e d despair

'

instead o f hope o f re formation Y e t w hen his good .

ness had p ierced thro u gh the ev il to th e germs o f

good ness w armed an d n our ishe d them it d re w fo r th a
, ,

h id den strength w h ich could be touched only by love

and k in dness It did not say Y e are not so bad as
.
,
” “
ye th ink ; b ut Y e may b e come b etter than ye
,

kno w O ften it is the despair o f b e ing v irtuous that

prevents re format ion If men ne ed compass ion and .

help in bod ily s ickness ho w much more in in w ard ,

moral d istempers There is no danger o f pall iating

.

gu ilt by striving tenderly to h eal it Nurses an d phy .

sician s never co me to love d isease .

When Jesus su ffere d evil men and w omen to come

near to his person he d isarmed fear When he sat,
.

do w n with them he recogn iz ed a relationsh ip b etw ee n

,

them and him To put h imsel f on the ir level w as the

.

first step tow ard rais ing them to his l evel No t even .

the Sermon on th e Mount had in it such po w er as the

simple fact that Jesus sat at meat w ith p ubl icans and
”
S inners.

What is the Atonemen t but the appl ication o f the

D iv in e nature to t he soul o f man fo r it s enl ightenment ,

r egen eration an d san ct ifi cat io n

, In th is s impl e scene
w e have in pract ical form the w hole gospel It is love .

at isfy ing j ustice by heal ing S in .

Jesus w as inten sely natural There w as no assump .

tion o f s up erior ity w hen among the poor nor o f state ,

w hen among t he r ich If he fell in w ith j oy he r e

.
,
22 F
THE LI E or J ES US , THE CHRIS T .

j i
o ce d; if he met trouble h e sorro w ed He wor
,
.

s h ipped as his peopl e did cr it ic is ing noth ing b ut ,

fo rmal ity o r ins incer ity In n o instance did he leave

.

t he imp r e ss io n that r el ig ion requ ires the sac r ifice o f

innoc e nt pleasu r es or that it s m oods are somb r e or sol
,

it a ry He o ffended the r el ig iou s feel ing o f the schools

.
,

t hat s ubst ituted external ro u t ine fo r reve r ence and

k indnes s No doub t the vene r abl e teache r s po inted
.

out to th e ir young pup ils the w orldly sp irit O f Jesus .

“
Wh ile w e p r ay he is in full gl o w o f gen ial conver
,

sat ion ; w h il e w e fast o ft he is s itt ing at great feasts

, ,

his b oon compan ions the dregs o f soc ie ty I In seek

in g to avo id sel f indulgence men run into th e sel f
-
,

conce it o f ascetic ism ; they do not kno w the superior

”
art o f us ing the w orld as not ab us ing it .

The young d isc iples O f the r ig id Phar isees and som e

o f John s d isc iples d ete r m ined to quest ion Jesus an d
’

to hear w hat explanat ion he w oul d g ive They aske d .

“
him ,
Why do the d isc ipl es o f John fast o ften and ,

mak e prayers and l ike w ise the d isc ipl es O f the Phari
,
”
sees but th ine fast n ot b ut eat and dr ink ? ,

Can g/ e mak e the chil dr en of the br idechamber f ast an d

mour n whil e the bridegr oom is with them2 The j oy that
befits a w edd ing w o uld b e u nnatural at a fun eral .

Why shoul d my d isc ipl es fast j ust fo r the sake o f TES L

in g ? In it s o w n t ime r ej o ic ing is as r el ig ious as in it s
,

t ime so rr o w is If fast ing b e O bserved it should b e fo r

.
,

some spec ial reason and not as a regular po int in a

,

mechan ical round o f O bservances It is a t ime o f j oy .

w ith my d isc ipl es I am w ith them These are to

. .

them as w edd ing days Joy is natural and sorro w

-
.
,

w oul d be u nfit Thus w hen brought to the test

.
, ,

Ch r ist sha r ply sepa r ated h imsel f from the asce t ics .
24 F
THE LI E O F J ES US ,
THE C HRIS T .

’
hour We have not preserved to us if John s hyper
.
,

bol e be cons idered a hundredth part o f them The

, .

quest ions tha t b rought forth such truths w ere O ften

triv ial the occas ions ins ign ificant
,
B ut th e st r eam .

that issues does not d epend upon th e S iz e o f the

han d that O pens the gate b ut upon the reservo ir ,

w h ich suppl ies the fl o w .

These con ferences w ere frequently interrupted by

the intrus ion o f some su fferer d r iven to Jesus fo r ,

rel ie f Wh ile he w as in the m idst o f the forego ing

.

d iscuss ions the cro w d sw aye d and opened to le t in a

,

man o f rank w ho came in hot haste and thre w him

,

sel f at the fee t o f Jesus impelled by a gr ie f that dashed,

through all ceremony It w as a ruler named J air us . .

“
He had one only daughter about t w elve years o f ,

age and she lay a—

,
dy ing A ch il d O f tw elve years .

in the Or ient is as old as at seventeen in colder cl i

mates Th is g irl w as at the s w eetest p e r iod Of l ife
.
‘

youn g enough to b e a ch ild old enough to b e a com ,

pan ion m ingl ing the charms o f ch ildhood an d w oman

,
“ ”
hood . The only daughter ! Upon her had b een
poured a lav ish l ove But it is not the O pen and dis.

c e r nibl e emot ions that ava il most in prod uc ing j oy or

so r ro w The human heart thro w s out a sub tle atmos

.

h e r e in w h ich love imag inat ion hO e j oy pr ide are

p , p , , , , ,

all ethereal iz ed and l ifted above the common hor iz on

,

o f emot ion as vapors are at even ing w hen the depart

,

ing l ight glances all manner o f colors along the ever

chang ing fringes The very w ords w ith w h ich Jairus
.

pl eade d fo r his ch ild seem l ike so many hands caress ing

“
he r My l ittle daughte r l ieth at the po int o f death ,

[ O h as t e l
j and it may b e is even n o w dead ; b ut I
p r ay thee come and lay thy hands upon her that she ,
”
may b e h e ale d an d s he shall l ive .
 THE S O UL S
’
PH Y S I CIA N .
25

All rose up to the app eal ; Jesus first his d isc ipl es ,

too b ut also the w hole mul titude He that pleads fo r

,
.

ch ildren has all hearts in his hands An d so w ith .

,

qu icken ing pace th ey w ent a fter the fath er B ut th is

,
.

strange process ion so d ense that it cro w d ed upon

,

the person o f Jesus w as sud denly stopped It se ems

,
.

that a w oman tw elve years an inval id an d w ho w ith

, ,

out doub t had heard o f th e many that h e had healed

by a touch determ ine d to try secretly w hether th e
,

same b enefit m ight not come to her by touch ing Jesus .

She stole up to him unob served as it w as easy to do ,

in such a cro w d No sooner had she la id her hands

.

upon his garment than she felt the thrill o f health and ,

kn e w hersel f to b e restored ! Jesus too kno wing , ,

in h imsel f that v irtue w as gon e out o f him paused , ,

and look ing earnestly about him said Somebody hath

, , ,

touche d me .
”
His ask ing w ho ha d touche d him se eme d
almost lud icrous to Peter inasmuch as he w as ince s
,

sant l
y touch ed an d
,
on every s ide by one an d another ,

in the hustl ing cro w d Jesus kne w the innocent cul

.

pr it and d es igned to make an illustrat ion o f her fa ith

,
.

As he fixed his eye upon her she coul d no longer h ide,

or keep s ilence b ut fell at his feet and con fesse d both

,

the deed and it s b ene fi c e n t resul t Jesus cro w ne d .

her n ew made health by w ords w hose s w e etness could

-

“
never have d ie d out o f her memory : D a u ghter b e ,

o f good com fort : thy fa ith hath made the e w hole go

”
in peace and b e w hol e o f thy plague
,
.

At th is moment a messenger came to the ruler with

tid ings that the daughter w as dead Why troubl est .

thou the Rabb i any further ? B ut Jesus reassure d

him ,
B e not afraid only b el ieve and she shall b e
, ,

made w hole .When the rule r s d w ell ing w as reached

’

,
26 T HE LI F E OF J E S US , THE C HR I S T .

it had al l the O r iental tokens o f b ereavemen t The .

fr iend s had as s embl ed the pro fess ional mourners w ere

,

pou ring fo r th the ir lamen tat ion the air reso unded w ith ,

w a ils .Je s us commanded s ilence and declared that t he ,

death so s oon to be aroused w as only a sl eep Bu t

, , .

the atten dants tak ing his speech l iterally and feel ing
, ,

that t he ir p ro fe ssional sk ill w as se t at naught turned ,

upon him w ith de r is ion — as if they did not kno w ,

w he ther one w as d ead !

Jesus shut every on e out save the father an d
mother and his thre e ch ie f d isc ipl es Peter James , , ,

an d John Then tak ing the ch ild by the hand he

.
, ,

called her back to l ife At his vo ice sh e rose up and .

w alked In the ir be w ilderment the parents seemed

.

u nfi t t e d fo r the moment to care fo r the ch ild

,
Jesus
,
.
,

w ith a n urs ing tenderness commande d food fo r her ,

.

Though he enj o ined secrecy upon the household such ,

an event could not b e h idden The fame hereo f w ent .

”
abroad into all that land .

When Jesus w as departing from th is scene t w o bl ind ,

men c ried a fte r him Was it that he w as w eary o f

.

importun ity that he moved on as if he did not hear

the m ? or had he such a sense o f sp ir itual b enefi t
th at he rel uctantly con ferred phys ical bless ings The
tantal iz ing delay w h ich he so o ft en pract ised could
come from ne ithe r o f these reasons b ut fr om a des ire ,

to p r oduce in the suppl ic an t an intense r ea r n estness ,

a de g r ee o f that fa ith w h ich in it s full force o ften

g ive s to the m ind contr ol over external phys ical con
dit io ns .

T h is w as man ife s tly

the case in reg ard to these bl ind
men He qu e s t ion s them
.
Bel ieve ye that I am able ,
”
to do th is ? The an s w er w as unequ ivocal Ye a Lord , , .
 THE S O UL S PH YS I CI AN 27
’
.

Accord ing to your faith b e it u nto you He mad e .

the resul t depend upon the real ity o f the ir fa ith They .

w ere healed .

Wh ile the bl ind men w ere go ing out fr om Jesus ,

t here came a party br ing ing in a case o f d emon ic

possess ion in w h ich the v ictim w as dumb
,
The .

heal ing o f th is man together w it h the restoration to

,

s ight o f the bl ind men produce d an impress ion far

,

greater than the s impl e narrative w oul d lead us to ex

e ct T here w as ev id ently someth ing in the manner
p ,

in the c ircumst ances or in th e temper o f the aud ience

, ,

w h ich gave to these n e w not uncommon deeds o f Jesus

a pecul iar force The people w hose h istory w as cro w ded
.
,

“
w ith m iracl es cr ie d out ,
It w as n ever so se en in
,
”
Is r ael And his ene m ies w ere at the ir w it s end to
’
.

check th is popular con fi dence in Jesus They gave out .

that Jesus w as himsel f under demon ic influence ; that

he w as play ing a part ; and that the expuls ion o f
demons w as not by v irtue o f D iv in e agency b ut by ,

in fernal po w er l ent to him Th is say in g w as not a

.

pass ing g ib e fo r it w as sob erly e mploye d at a fter

,

times and w as d iscusse d by Jesus and e ffectually

,

d ispose d o f .

It is w orthy o f notice that ne ither at th is t ime nor

at any other w as the real ity o f the m iracles ques
t io ne d The Phar isees regard e d the facts j ust as the
.

commo n peopl e did They only attempte d to break

.

the ir force by attr ib ut ing them to an ev il S p irit and ,

so destroy the ir influence upon the suscept ibl e m inds

o f the people .

S uch is the bale ful influence o f a fanatical rel ig ion .

They did not love su ffer ing fo r itsel f ; they w ere not
w ithout human sympath ies th ey w e r e not in any con
28 F
THE LI E OF J ES US , THE C HR I S T .

d
s i e r abl e degr e e w orse than Christian men are in our
day w ho are gua r d ing the truth and the Church and
, , ,

“
the cause o f G o d in t he sam e sp irit in w h ich the
”

Pha r is ee s de fended the ir party They saw men de l iv

.

e red from te rr ibl e th r all g rievo us b urdens removed

, ,

dis ease s healed s ight restored and l ife enr iched b u t

, , ,

found n o plea s ure the r e in ; they saw j oy l ike sunl ight , ,

emerge fr om h inder ing clouds spread from house to ,

house and over the great mul titude b ut felt none o f

, ,

it s cheer From the un iversal gladne s s they der ived

.

n o sat isfact ion No man can b e in r ight relations to

.

rel ig ion to w hom the innocent happ iness o f other s

b r ings no sympathetic j oy .

No man r ightly loves rel ig ion or it s institut ions , ,

w ho is not rendered more sens itive to th e great nat

ural a ff ct ions o f mank ind Institutions la w s cu s
e
.
, ,

toms churches w ere made fo r man not men fo r them ;

, , ,

and a r ight heart keeps in v ital sympathy w ith l iv ing

men .
 M IN IS TR Y OF THE DI S CI PLES .
29

C H A P TE R xx .

M INIS T R Y OF T HE D I S CIPLES .

W E are at th is period to con ce ive of

Jesus as one
intensely active in a commun ity in tensely exc ited By .

repeate d circu its he had taught in all the near reg ion
around the Sea o f G al ilee except perhaps upon the
, , ,

southern shores His m iracl es had inflame d the feel

.

in g o f w onder ; his p ersonal bear ing had d evelope d

an enthus iasm o f soc ial sympathy ; his teach ings had
touche d in m any the deep est sp iritu al emotions fo r
ho w ever much th e Je w ish rel ig ion had b een overla id
w ith vain ceremon ies the root w as sound an d there ,

w ere many Je w s w ho l ike S imeon and Nicod emus

, ,

sought among the husks the true gra in The hold .

w h ich Jesus had ga ined and w h ich h e m a inta ined w as

, ,

not upon the pop ular enthus iasm alone or the vague ,

expectancy o f w onder ing c urios ity He had reached

.

the deepest moral sense o f the nation The r e w ere .

“ ”
not a few j ust men in every gath erin g w hose con
sc iences bore w itness to the truths preached It w a s .

th is under strength that fo r so long a t im e sustaine d

-

Jesus and his cause against the n o w thoroughly arouse d

an imos ity o f the rul ing cl ass .

B u t though he w as thus secur ing the s ilent assent

o f the b est men a mong the Je w s they w ere unor
,

g a n iz,
e d w h ile his adversari es had in th e ir hands the
w hol e force o f the state None coul d have kno w n th is
.
3 0 T HE L I E F OF J ES US , THE CHRI S T .

be t ter t han Je s u s Y e t h e took no step l ook ing

.

to w ar d coun te r o rgan iz at ion He so u ght in no in

-
.

s t ance t o d et a ch his d isc iples from the influen ce o f

n at ion al in s titut ions though he kne w ho w the rulers ,

w ho cont r olled them w o ul d at l ength cause them t o

'

re act aga inst him He rel ied w holly upon t he S p ir.

it ual elements o f his m in istry w h ich w ere in de st r u c ,

t ible ; w h ich m igh t b e trod den do w n b ut only l ike , ,

w heat to sp r out w ith mul t ipl ied l ife

,
w h ich m igh t b e
ove r w helmed but only l ike yeast to pervade the co v
, , ,

e ring ma ss w ith it s o wn v ital ity ; w h ich migh t b e

b ur ied b ut only l ike coals to b e in the morn ing k in
, ,

dl e d aga in to a bla z e He seems never to have cal .

c ul a t e d forces nor to have arranged any confl ict fo r a

,

v ictory The elevat ion o f human nature to a h igh er

.

s p ir itual level w as the tr iumph w h ich he sought He .

never m istook the nature o f such a w ork or acted as ,

if it could come to pass suddenly It w as to be a .

gradual development through the ages To th is end .

,

day and n ight b ut w ith the tranqu ill ity o f an intense

,

fe r vo r he sent out his sp ir it rous ing and un fold ing

, ,

that w h ich w as b est in every cl ass He sought out .

the peopl e in the ir homes he v is ited them as they ,

labored upon sea and l and ; he resorted to places o f

concourse the c ity gates th e h igh w ays ; he w en t from
, ,

v ill age to v illage and c ity to c ity w ith repeated c ir

, ,

cu it s st imulat ing attent ion by m iracl es w inn ing hea r ts

, ,

by k indness and so w ing the see d o f the k ingdom on

,

al l s o il s w hether among thorns upon stones o r in

, , ,

good g round The very r esults o f his labor exc ited

.

p ity Fo r not t ill men b egan to arouse an d reach

.

ou t fo r a h ighe r l ife w ould the ir ignorance and help ,

l e ss ne ss b ecome appa r ent It is w hen the en feebled .

32 T HE LI E OF J ES US , F THE CHR I S T .

people a fter h e w as gone from among them We can .

not w ell s eparate the instruct ions g iven to the t w elve

fr om those g iven after w ard to the seventy They .

may b e con s ide r ed as one d iscourse d el ivered in parts , ,

at d ifl e r e n t t imes or port ions o f it repeate d on d iffer ,

ent occa sions For the d isc ipl es w ere not all sent fo r th
.

a t once Mark says he began to send them forth by

.
,
”
t w o and t w o Thus band a fter band d eparted to the
.

fields po inted out Any one w ho has ever gone into .

n e w fields o f labor w il l apprec iate the w isdom o f sen d

ing them in couples Tw o men in company are w orth .

,

in such w ork four separate men Tw o st icks o f fuel

,
.

w ill carry on the bla z e w h ile one w oul d go out Tw o , .

is e nough fo r three or four m ight lead to d iv ided

, , ,

counsel and strifes Th is w as to b e no pleasure tr ip ; .

t he errand w as one o f l ife an d death The ins t r uc .

t ions as to the ir p ersonal carr iage sho w pla inly that

they w ere to lay as id e every h indrance and strip to ,
1
the ir w ork l ike men going into a r ace .

The ir c ircu its w ere to b e small and to b e traversed ,

w ith alacr ity Hence they w ere to avo id cumb ersom e

.

b agg age they w ere n ot to tak e t w o coats nor prov is ,

ions in a sc r ip ( or haversack ) nor w ere they to delay ,

t ill they could ra ise money as if fo r a far o ff and long -

cont inued campaign They w ere forb idden to sal ute .

u t nd l m t d i ou t eou m nn
T he c r a
pp a nt ly e njo i ne d mu t
os sc r s a er a ar e s

n t b
o
jud g d by m d n m nn
e e b t by t h w hi h p v i l d
o er nd t i ll a er s , u o se c re a e , a s

p v i l in P l t i n
re a , Th m n y
a es T he w eu h n m unt f in
. o so sa s re as s c a a o o

s in it y fl tt y
-
cer ,nd f l ah d in t he t m
er , f tha lut t i n p
a se ib d oo er s o e sa a o r e scr e

by t i qu t t t h t
e e L d w h i t u th i t l f d i d hi
e , a o ur orep nt t i v
, o s r se ,
e s re s r r e se a es

t di p n
o s w i t h th m
e se f p ibl n d p h p e t c i t ly
as buk th m
ar a s o ss eh a er a s a re e e .

Th i n t u ti n w
ese s r l i nt nd d t buk n the p p n i ty whi h
c o s e re a so e e o re e a o r ro e s c

a n O i nt l r e n ly i t n m tt h w u ge nt hi bu i n
a ca s carce If he
res s o a er o r s s e ss .
,

m t n
ee s a qu i nt n h mu t t p nd m k n ndl numb o f i nqui
ac a a ce , e s s o a a e a e e ss er

i
r es, a nd n w m ny
a If t h y
s m u p n m n m k i ng
e r as a b g in
. e co e o e a a ar a , or
 M I NI S TR Y OF THE DI S CI PLES .
3 3

men by the w ay or to sp end the ir t ime in go ing fr om ,

house to house fo r soc ial enj oyment They w e r e not .

to go out as learned rabb is stocke d w ith lore b ut , , ,

l ike the ir Master they w e r e to strike at the moral con ,

scio u sn e ss o f men the ir sense o f s in fulness the ir long , ,

ing fo r D iv ine help the ir gladness o f hop e at th e ne w s ,

that the k ingdom o f D iv in e sympathy and succor w as

come .

For daily support they w ere to depend upon the

generos ity o f those w ho felt the benefi t o f the ir m in is
t rat io ns Th is w as only a spec ial appl ica t ion o f a
.

great moral e qu ity famil iar to the w hole h istory o f

the Je w s He that imparts id eas enr iches more than
.

he w ho gives bread The educators o f a nat ion are it s .

bene factors Those w ho reap harvests or dig ores .

, ,

or forge mechan ical forces ar e deb tors to t hose w ho ,

keep al ive the sp ir itual elements o f soc ie ty w itho u t ,

w h ich as an ind ispensable atmosphere all lo w er forces

become vagrant and harm ful It w as w rought into .

th e structure o f Je w ish society that the trib e in w hose ,

hands w as the education o f th e nation shoul d b e sup

ported by the w orkers o f the nation The intellectual .

and sp ir itual from th e first ranked h ighest o f all , ,

.

Th is is not an arb itrary decree b ut stands in the order ,

d i cu i ng any the mat t e they mu st p au e and i nt ude the i w n i dea

s ss o r rs , s , r r o s,

and e nt e keenly i nt o t he bu i ne t h ugh it in n wi c n e n them

r s ss , o o se o c r s .
”

In e p ect t o t he i njunct i o n
r s GO n t f m h u e t h u e Th m n y o ro o s o o s ,
”
o so sa s
“
Wh n e t ange i ve in n O i ent l i llag
a s r r arr n n mp me nt t hs a r a v e or a e ca ,
e

n i g hb o
e o ne aft no t he
rs , mu t i nv i t e him t e t wi th t hem
er a Th e i r, s o a . er s a

t i ct e t i qu et t e b ut it i nv lv i ng mu h
s r a ot e nt at i n and hyp
, i y nd o c os o o cr s a a

f i lu e in the due ob
a r anc f t hi y te m f h p i t li ty i i ol ntly e
s e rv e o s s s o os a s v e r

se nt ed nd ft e n l e d
, a t al i e nat i n
o nd fe ud a mo ng n e i ghb
s o; it l o o s a s a ors a s

c n u me
o s much t i me c u
s unu u l d i t ct i n of mi nd le d t l v i ty
, a se s s a s ra o , a s o e ,

and in v y w y count e ct the ucc

e er a f p i i t u l m i i n ra Th e s s e ss o a s r a ss o .
”

L nd and th B k Vo l I p 5 3 4 A me i n d i ti n
a e oo ,
. . .
, r ca e o .

VO L . 11 . 3
 F
T HE LI E OF J ES US , T HE C HR IS T .

o f natu r e NO s oul is t r uly in sp ired w h ich d oes not

.

yea rn to deal boun t ifully w ith it s bene facto r G ifts o f .

t he s p ir it exc ite a more exqu is ite g rat itud e than any

g ift o f the hand Al l s p ir itual g r o w th is by a rem is
.

s io n o f s elfishness and to w ard spontaneous generos ity

, .

T he same w armth o f sp r ing w h ich d issolves the frosts

evoke s t he flo w e r s an d lets loose t he all aboun d ing -

summer No man w ill su ffer w an t w hose serv ice stirs

.

t he inner manhood o f men Th is doe s no t fo r b id

.

method ical a rr angements fo r the support o f p astors

w ho fo r ego l ucrat ive call ings and g ive themselves to
te ach ing ; b ut it encourages m en to venture into n eedy
fields w ithout w a it ing fo r those econom ical adj ustments
w h ich a r e b u t o r gan iz ed generos it ies and w h ich will ,

surely follo w fa ith ful s erv ice .

It may s ee m st range that th e first messengers o f a

G ospel w h ich w as to break do w n the excl us iveness o f
the Je wish rel ig ion and b r ing into one sp ir it all races
,

and nat ion s shoul d b e expressly forb idden to teach

,

an b ut Je w s G not into the w o f the G ent iles

y .o a
y ,
”
and into any c ity o f the Sama ritans enter ye not .

There w as a doubl e reason fo r th is They w ere n ot.

yet enough enlarged in m ind or su ffic iently cathol ic

,

in feel ing to deal success fully w ith those w hom the ir

,

w hol e educat ion and the p ubl ic sen t im ent o f the ir peo
l e l e d them to d isl ike The r e w as more than enough
p .

fo r t hem to do among the ir o w n count rymen w ith ,

w hom they w e r e in l ively sympathy w ithout expos ,

ing them to unnecessa ry od ium and O ppos it ion fr om

t he Je w s by ente r ing fields o f labor fo r w h ich they

w e re no t qual ified .

l Ve cannot deal fa irly w ith the reco r d if w e do n ot ,

n o t ice th e s pec ial endo w ment w h ich w as g iven to th e

 M IN I S TR Y OF THE DI S C IPLES .
3 5

“
d isc iples An d as ye go preach say ing The k ingdom , , ,

o f heaven is at hand Heal the s ick cleanse the .

,
”
lepers raise the dead cast out d ev ils
,
No t only had
,
.

they po w er to ab ate ev ils b ut even more remarkabl e ,

is the po w er g iven the m o f con ferr in g peace and j oy :

“
If the house b e w orthy l e t your p eace come upon ,

it ; b ut if it be not w orthy let your peace return to ,

”
you . They w ere to g o forth clothe d w ith more than
ord ina ry human po w e r The entrance o f th e D iv in e .

sp irit upon them fo r a time exalted the ir faculties into

a supe r ior realm and d evel ope d a po w er over men
, ,

and over nature w h ich co mmonly l ies dorman t b ut

, ,

w h ich it w as the cont in ual aim o f Jesus to develop .

They had a r igh t also to bear cond emnatory w it

ness against all to w ns and v illages upon w h ich the
“
l ight shoul d fall and be cr im inally re fuse d Shake .

o ff the very dust fr om your feet fo r a test imony aga inst

them ”
Here as eve ry w here Jesus adj udged th e d e
.
, ,

l iberate res istance O f men to th e ir enl ightened moral

conv ict ions as th e most crim inal act w h ich they can ‘

commit The v ices w h ich spr ing from m en s an imal

.
’

pass ions more culpable far than they are generally e s

,

teemed to b e are ye t not so dangerous as the crimes

,

comm itted by men s intellects and moral facul t ies It’

.

siz aZZ be mor e tol er abl e f or til e [and of S odom an d G omor

rba, in the day of j ud gment, ti me f or tlz at city .

If the ir enth us ias m k indle d at the thought go ing of

forth w ith suc h royal autho rity clothed w ith such ,

s ingular po w ers an d th ey w e r e in danger o f be ing

,

p uffed up w ith conce it and sel f co nfi de nce the con tinu -

,

ing d iscourse o f Jesus w as calculated to d isarm that

peril In e ffect he sa id : It is n o hol iday excurs ion
.

on w h ich y o u go I send you as sheep among w olves

. .
3 0 F
T II E L I E O F J ES US , THE C HRIS T .

Yo u not to r el inqu is h t he normal use o f your fac

a re

u l t ie s becau s e you have D iv ine hel p G o d helps men .

to help t he mselves B e y e wise as serp ents andharml ess

.

as d ar es They w e r e to be on the ir guard b oth aga inst

.

s educt ion a n d int im idat ion If m en could not gu ile .

fully lead them through so ft w ays to th e ir ends they ,

w ould turn upon th em w ith b itter w o r ds and v in

dic t iv e pe rsecut ion For such tr ials they n ee ded no
.

othe r prepa rat ion than the ind w ell ing o f the D iv in e
Sp ir it .B e fore the synagogue the Sanhedr im the , ,

c iv il cou r t or the royal cou r t they w oul d ne ed no

, ,

cunn ing art o f plead ing no prea r ranged argument ,

.

The danger w ould br ing the insp ir at ion that shoul d

g ive the m a su itabl e answ er Th e ir s impl ic ity the ir .
,

tru s t in G o d — manly cou r age in ch ildl ike natures

, ,

w ould b e the most el oquen t de fence as w ell as th e ,

m ost n ovel Whatever el s e w as n eeded G o dw ou l d pro

.
,

v ide I t is not y e that sp eak but the Sp irit (f y our F ather

.
,

which sp eaheth in y ou W ith all th is d o not expect easy

.
,

success Y o u carry p eace b ut shall see d iscord at

.
,

every step Tr uth d iv ides men The same sun that

. .

draw s forth fr agrant flo w ers sees it s l ight and w armth

p roduc ing po isonous w eeds Y o u car r y transcendent .

bl e ss ings and yet men w ill hate you They are com
,
.

m it t e d t o s elfishness T hey love ev il pleasures . Be .

not su rp rised they have call ed vour master B eele ehub ,

ho w much mo r e w ill they der ide y o u ! B e not afra id

o f them ; they can only ha r m your b ody Fea r G o d .

r a th e r in w hose hand s is your sp ir it and w ho has

, ,

dom in ion over you here and he r ea fter F ear [Jim who .

ts a bl e to destr oy both soul yin hel l

d bod
an .

B ut in
all th is inaugu r al d iscourse th e r e is noth ing
mo re re ma rk able and a ss u r ing than the dist inct and
 M IN I S TR Y OF THE DIS CIPLES .
3 7

v iv id inculcation o f G od s spec ial and part icular prov i

’

dence extend ing not alone to men and soc iety b ut to

, ,

the an imated k ingdom belo w men Ar e not two sp ar .

r ows sol dfor a

f arthing an done f
o them shall not f all on

the gr oundwithout y our F ather . Ye ar e o f more val ue

than many sp ar r ows The v ery hair s f

o y our head ar e
al l nu mbered .

Through th is fa ith in a personal G o d w ho is me ,

me n tl y consc ious o f the a ffa irs o f creat ion an d w ho can ,

through natural l a w s exe cu te his w ill and control the

e vents o f l ife men have ach ieve d the noblest tasks
, ,

en dure d patien tly the seve res t su ffer ings an d turned ,

advers ity itsel f into b enefit The b el ie f in a G o d a .

,

pre sent help in t ime o f ne e d has developed hero ic ,

l ives n ot only in men o f strength and ample endo w

,

m ent b ut among t he lo w ly the w eak the ignoran t

, , ,
.

The fa ith in a G o d not exclude d from his domain

by any barr ier o f natural law s b ut through them ,

w ork ing the counsels o f his w ill is a truth so in ,

v i o r at in an d consolato r y that the w orld w ill n ot

g g
le t it die .

It is prob able that the first essay o f the d isc iples

w as short They w ere unable as yet to carry for w ard
.

a great w ork They u rged r ep entance and proclaimed

.

the Mess iah Th is w as fam il iar g r ound to every w ell

.

educate d J e w They also p e rform ed acts o f mercy

.
,

j o in ing a p r actical b enevol ence to instruction They .

cared fo r the b od ies w h ile they el evated th e souls o f

the ir countrymen On th e ir return n e w s cam e o f the
.
,

b ehead ing o f John the Baptist Th is must have co me .

n ear to all o f th em and espec ially to those w ho had

,

been his d isc iples They had j ust been w arned o f th e

.

su ffe rings w h ich m ust be expecte d by those w ho res ist

3 8 THE LI FE OF J ES US , T HE C HRIS T .

t he e v il pas s ion s o f mank ind John s ma r tyrd om w as .

’

the fi rs t e x e mp l ifi cat io n o f it .

He ro d w ho had p ut John ou t o f the w ay w as per

, ,

l e x e d at the accoun ts g iven o f th e w ond er ful p r ogress

p
o f Jesus Such a w idespread exc itement coul d not
.

long pe rvade soc iety w ithout a w aken ing the attention

o f a rule r j ealous o f his po w er and susp ic ious o f every

movement that m ight d isturb it s secur ity The fame .

o f Jesus sounded in the palace Men specul ated upon .

his natu r e and des igns Among Herod s attendants

’
.

w e r e p ious Je w s Some thought one o f the old

.

p rophets had returned El ij ah w as selected not

.
, ,

p robably from any suppose d str ict resemblance fo r

, ,

there coul d ha r dly b e t w o natures more unl ike The .

fi t ful ene rgy o f the hal f c iv il iz ed prophet o f the w ilder

-

n ess irregular impetuo us ter r ible an d the cal m and

, , , ,

constan t d ign ity o f Jesus had noth ing in common ,

.

There w ere some w ho sa id that John had come to l ife

a ga in Th is op in ion seems to have struck He r od as
.

p r obable He had had a rude adm irat ion o f the stal

.

w a r t re form er O f the Jordan and had r egre t fully s uf ,

fe r e dhim to b e sla in In a m ind b rutal anddebauched

.
,

rel ig ion w ould sca r cely rise h igher than a con fus ed
supe rst it ion and Herod ha d a vague not ion that per
,

haps John had r etu rned to l ife cl othed w ith m a r ve l lous

po w e r from the other w orld Ther efor e mighty work s do .

sho w f or th themsel ves in him Luk e adds : Andhe desir ed

.

to s ee him Th is m igh t have b een only cur ios ity

. But .

is the r e not even in brutal natures at t imes a vagu e

, , ,

yea rn ing to w a r d the good ?

J e su s w as h im s el f deeply moved at the t id ings o f
John s death It thre w a p r ophet ic shado w upon his
’

path He s a id to his d isc ipl es C me y e y oursel ves ap ar t

.
,
o
40 T IIE LI FE O F J ES US , T HE C IIR I S T .

w en t ; an d,
push ing through t he c ity o f B e thsa ida
( w h ich T homson th inks lay upon both banks at the
mou th o f the Jordan ) br ing ing fresh recru its at every
,

s tep they s w armed up to the h ill

,
.

Weary and w orn as h e w as the s ight o f th is eager ,

cro w d touched his heart NO more sol itude He w el

.
~

“
comed them and resumed his instruct ion and healed
, ,
”
them that had ne ed o f h eal ing Thus a day that .

w as to have b een fo r re s t proved incessan tly labor ious

unt il the go ing do w n o f th e sun .

By th is t ime the d isc iples in mov ing about among ,

the vast throng began to see s igns o f trouble Littl e

,
.

ch ildren and the ir mothers and hun dreds hang ing on

, ,

the out sk irts must have begun to feel hunger The

,
.

d isc ipl es counselled him to send the m ultitude a w ay to

the ir homes or to n ear v illages fo r food Jesus ques
, ,
.

t ione d his d isc iples and found that they had b ut five
,

barley loaves and t w o small fishes To the ir ama z e .

ment Jesus comman de d them to seat the vast as

,

se mbl upon the grass Then ta k ing the loaves he

y .
, ,

look ed up breathed a bl ess ing u pon them an d b egan

, ,

b r eak ing and d istr ib uting thro ugh his d isc iples to the
‘

multitu de At every t ouch the loaf increased No t

. .

only did the peopl e satis fy th e ir appet ites to the full ,

b ut o f the fragments much w as gathered up tw elve ,

ba skets .

Th is event mus t b e regarded e ither as an invent ion ,

an apocryphal story p ure an d s impl e or as the result ,

o f d ir ect D iv ine po w er act ing in an unusual manner .

,

I t w as an act done in b r oad dayl ight in a place w here ,

s to r es o f prov is ion could not have been h idd en in ,

a s ol ita ry place w he r e Jesus had gone to b e alone .

The explanat ion s o f m iracles o f heal ing some t im es

 M I N IS TR Y OF THE DI S CIP LES .
4]

attempted magnetism imag inat ion clairvoyance

, ,

can have n o semblan ce O f plaus ib il ity here .

Reduce the numb er five tho usand men besides

, ,
”
w omen and ch ildren ,
and the marvel is not changed .

If there w ere b ut five thousand in all or even only ,

five hundred to m ult iply five loaves and t w o fishes

,

fo r the supply o f the ir eager appet ites and to gather ,

up from the fragments a large quant ity w o ul d b e ,

marvellous enough . It w as n o t a glanc ing event

w h ich m ight d ece ive the eyes ight The act must .

have cont inued long ; it w as in the presence o f th e

w hol e throng ; it w as tested by the mouths o f h ungry
men Le t any quartermaster w ho has made prov is ion
.

fo r a br igade o f sold iers say w hether a r o w b oat could -

bring the re qu ired supply or w hether it could have

,

been sec r eted in the wilderness The transaction in .

,

the s impl ic ity o f it s motive in it s elevation ab ove all

,

kno w n natural causes in the imposs ib il ity o f ill us ion

, ,

as w ell as in it s human ity and naturalness stands as ,

a fortress among m iracles .

Th is even t ma r ks th e culm ination o f popular e n t hu

siasm to w ard Jesus .From th is date de c is ive infl u
e n c e s b egan to w ork an d h e ne ver aga in had the
,

common peopl e so thoroughly upon his s ide The .

moment o f it s utmost el evation is the moment w hen

the w ave is break ing .

At th is per iod o f his m in istry Jesus seems to have

be en fairly rad iant w ith po w er His d iv ine energy .

bla z ed forth incessantly The days w e r e co r uscat ions

.

O f m ir acles
. On land and sea w he r ever he w ent the , ,

man ifestat ion o f D iv ine po w er leaped forth on eve r y

s ide and nature hol d in g on it s accustomed march
, , ,

b ehel d n e w phenomena shoot across it s paths w ith ,

 THE LI E F 7? J E S US , THE CHR I S T
43
6
.

b r ight ill um ination tak ing noth ing fr om r egular ity

.
, ,

b ut ad ding s ometh ing from the direct D iv ine w ill .

The p e ople already enthus iast ic w e r e transported by

, ,

th is w onde r O f po w e r They cr ied out that the Mes .

s iah had come ! Th is w as h e ! No w shall the r e be

del ive rance in I s rael w he n once he fl ings o ff his dis
,

gu is e and assumes his ceptre s ! In the ir e ager z eal

t hey det e r m ine to b reak through his modest d isgu is e
and prec ip itate his royal d isclosure They approach .

him w ith the ir pu r po s es He draw s b ack They de . .

“ “
te rm ine to take him by fo r ce an d to mak e him ”

k ing. His d is c ipl es seem t o have b een pleased w ith

t he movemen t and to have l ingered aga inst his w ishes
, , ,

u nt il he s t r a ight w ay const r a ined them to take sh ip

fo r the other s ide w h ile he d ism issed the mult itud e
, .

Jesus w ho a fte r the cro w d d isp e r sed ascended the

, , ,

mounta in spent the t ime un t il to w ard morn ing in

,

p r aye r Th is D iv ine commun ion w as his rest and his

.

food . Pr aye r is at once a D iv in e insp irat ion an d a

human instinct Souls that po int up w a r d pray by
.

nece s s ity o f asp ir ation There is no a r gumen t fo r .

p raye r any more than fo r b r eath ing fo r lov ing fo r

, , ,

hO p ing fo r yea r n ing a fter th ings noble and sp ir itual

,
.

It is not a form o f b egg ing If it perm its sol ic itat ion .

it doe s not stop at that It asks as a ch ild asks . .

Und e r the t r ee l ies much fr u it w h ich dr opped o f it s

o w n r ipene s s but eve ry shake w ill br ing do w n mo r e
,

t hat the bough is w a it ing to drop The r e can b e no .

a rgument aga in s t p r aye r but only aga inst a na r ro w ,

and b e gga rly v ie w o f it It is in te r change o f thought . .

It is soul in fold ing soul It is the look back to G o d .

,

w ho s e face has s h ined upon the hea r t w ith st imulating

l o ve
.
44 T HE LI FE OF J E S US , TH E C II R IS T .

They l and ed u pon t he pla in o f G e n e s a r e th n o w ,

un inh ab it ed and overg r o w n w ith tho r ns bu t then ,

the ve ry g ard en o f G al ilee an d pra ised by Josephu s ,

in te r m s almo s t ext r avagan t It w as full o f v illages.

a n d s w a r med w ith populat ion On the t id ings O f his .

p r esence the w hole reg ion poured forth Such no w .

had become his fame as a heal er that the s ick w ere ,

b rought to him fro m eve ry quarter S uch w as th e .

confidence w h ich he w rough t that m en besought p e r

“
m iss ion to touch his garments and as many as ,

touched him w ere made w hole .

”

Return ing to w ard Capernaum he m et the mult itud es ,

aga in many o f w hom had b een p r esent at the w ond er

,

fu l d istr ibution o f b r ead Jesus perce ived that many

.

had sought him fr om the most mercena ry cons ide ra

t ions Ye see/r me not because y e saw the mir acl es but be
.
, ,

e d id d r e fi l l ed In such a
cause
y f
eat o th e l o aves a n we ,
.

cro w d every s ide o f h uman n atu r e w ould b e seen .

Wh il e some follo w ed him from love som e fr om mo ral ,

sympathy some from curios ity many follo w ed in hope

, ,

o f food w ithout lab or .

The conversat ion w h ich follo w ed is important b oth ,

fr om it s intr ins ic ma tter and as sho w ing ho w from,

th ings the most tr iv ial Jesus deduced not by ingen ious ,

fanc ies but by a s impl e and natural u n fold ing the p r o

, ,

foundest v ie w s o f l ife an d d uty Me n saw that th e .

com m one s t th ings had v ital relat ions w ith the m o r al

sen s e and that seem ing t rifl e s l ik e seeds d r opped
, , ,

from a g r eat p r inc iple and m ight b e d eveloped aga in

,

into a p r in c iple .

Maste r w he n e arnest thou h ither ?

,

Y e seek m e not e ven fo r th e sake o f behol d ing a

m iracl e b ut in hope s o f ge tt ing food w ithout labor
,
.
 [MI N I S TR Y OF THE DI S CI P LES .
45

Fee d the soul and not the b ody only

,
. Seek that mea t
which d
en ur eth unto ev er l as ting f e, which the S on
li f M an
o
”
shal l g ive unto y ou
.

What shall we do that we may w ork the w orks of

God
Bel ieve on me w hom G o d hath sent
,

At th is po int the b etter ed ucated Scr ibes struck in

ev identl y men w ho had not b e en present at the scene
o f the d istr ib ut ion o f the bread What s ign sho w e s t .

thou then ? What dost tho u w ork ? Th is b read o f

w h ich you speak is it b etter than our fathers ate
,

in the w ilderness th e heavenly manna ?,

Moses did n o t g ive yo u a real heavenly bread

w hen he gave you the manna The heavenly bread .

must feed the soul an d n ot the body The bread o f

,
.

G o d must b e a l iv in g loa f It is He w h ich come th .

”
do w n from heave n and g iveth l ife unto the w orld
,
.

Then in a sp irit l ike that o f the w oman o f Samar ia

,

w hen she sa id G ive me th is w at e r t hat I th irst not

'

, , ,
”
ne ither come h ither to dra w they sa id Lord ever , , ,
”
more g ive us th is bread .

Noth ing could externally se em more prop itious ; and

yet the t ime had come w hen the peopl e w ho w ere all ,

aglo w w ith en thus iasm at his m iracl es w ere on the ,

po int o f revol t ing aga inst his sp iritual te ach ing Fo r .

“
w hen Jesus expl ic itly decla r ed I am the b read o f ,
”
l ife an d d ist inctly assume d the attributes o f D ivin ity
, ,

sol emnly a ffirm ing his personal po w er to con fer bless

ings upon the soul and charged th em w ith gu ilt in
,

not b el iev ing in him — declare d h imsel f G od s imme

,
’

d iate messenger clothe d w ith a j ud ic ial po w er o f

,

sav ing or excl ud ing men — a po w er r each ing far over

,

in t o the great future to th e l ast day —the po w e r

, ,
”
46 F
THE LI E OF J E S US , THE C HRI S T .

of ra is ing them from th e dead an d establ ish ing th em ,

in eternal l ife there w as a general move men t o f dis

,

conten t w h ich b r ok e ou t into murmur ings Th is dis

,
.

cou rs e p r obably b r ought to a head and d isclosed a

va r ie ty o f influences w h ich w ere acting upon the m inds
o f the peopl e in a desul tory w ay High exc itements .
,

u nless they take on some form o f act ion soon react , .

In sp ite o f every e ffo r t Je s us had not b een able to

,

keep do w n the w ild tumul t o f enthus iasm w h ich his

p r esence developed The p eople took it fo r gra n ted
.

that he w ould soon g ive them some o r gan iz at ion or ,

at l ength fa s h ion them into a party or school They .

sa id doubtle ss Al l th is teach ing is ingen ious enough

, ,
,

and very w ell in it s w ay b ut w h at does it amount to ?

,

Nothiny is done When w ill his l essons take on a p rac

.

”
t ical form ? They attempted to force th is resul t and ,

to comp el him to take th e place o f a k ing He r e .

fused to be k ing w h ich all his po w er ev iden tly fitted

,

him to be but assumed instead to b e someth ing a

,

great deal h igher Son o f G o d Here w ere men that

,

had kno w n him from ch ildhood w orked w ith him kne w , ,

his parents and all his k indred ; and w hen they h eard
him calmly cla im ing that h e came d o w n from heaven ,

th ey cr ied out Is th is n ot Jesus the son o f Joseph

, , ,

w hose father and m other w e kno w ? Ho w is it then

that he sa ith I came do w n from heaven
,

In reply Jesus repeats his cla im o f l ife g iv ing p o w

,
-

er . He as s umes author ity o f the very h ighest k ind .

Th r o w ing a s id e all hes itat ion he says to the d iscon,

tented sco w l ing cro w d that w h ich no sane man could

,

u t ter o f h imsel f if he had not t r anscenden t reasons fo r

it : m the l iviny bread which came down f r om heaven
I a .

If any man eat of this br ead, he shal l l ive f or ever ; and the
 M IN I S TR Y OF THE DI S CI PLE S .
47

br ead that I wil l give is my fl esh, which I wil l give f or the

li he wor l d
f f
e o t .

They r id icul ed th is idea as a k in d o f cann ibal ism ,

break ing up into knots an d d isput ing exc ite dly Ho w

, ,

can th is man g ive us his flesh ?

W ith such to them strange d iscourse there w as a
, , ,

bearing w h ich commanded attent ion They w ould have .

le ft an ord inar y man am id s uch spe eches as not w orth

spend ing time upon B ut th is man stood in the ir m idst
.

con front ing the m w ith truths an d cla ims that o ffended
the ir feel ings and ye t t hey l isten ed The synagogue
,
.

w as in commot ion — fo r th is scene took place in that

,

br ill ian t marbl e synagogue in Cap ernaum the ru ins o f ,

w h ich are yet found reveal ing its magn itud e and mag
,

n ifi ce n c e .

No tonly did Jesus attempt n o excusatory or pal

l iat ing explanat ion b ut he pushed the truth home in a
,

manner gro w ing more intense w ith eve ry sentence .

Excep t y e eat the fl esh of the S on of M an , ddr ink his bl ood,

an

y e have no f
h e in y u
o . Repeat ing that o ffens ive phrase
over and over h e says Whoso my fl esh and drink
, eateth

eth m oo d hath eter na l l i e and I will r aise him u

y bl f , p at
the l ast day My fl esh is meat, my bl ood is dr in/r Eatiny
. .

my fl esh anddr inl any my bl ood, y e dwell in me, and I in y ou

'

I l ive by the F ather , and so he tha t eateth me shal l l ive b me

y .

Th is phrase did not soun d so bloody to the Je w s , w ho

w ere fam il iar w ith th e shedd ing o f blood in sacr ific ial
se r v ice fro m the ir youth as it does to our ea r s It w as
,
.

the th ing mean t th e assumpt ion o f w hat th ey j ustly

,

regar ded as D ivine po w er that inflamed the ir anger ,

.

B ut the t ime had com e fo r a more full d isclo s ure o f the

nature and claims o f Christ They all unde r stood him
.

as transcend ing the cl aims o f a prophet s imply and ,

48 THE L I FE OF J ES US , THE C HRI S T .

a ss um ing funct ions ab sol utely D iv ine a nd in a manner ,

pe rpl e x ing a n d o fl ii s iv e For he took the natural

e
.

symbol s , b re ad a n d flesh manna an d sacrifi ce — p e

, ,

i
c ul a r l y s ac r ed to the Je w s — an d p ut them b eneath
,

him cla im ing not s imply super ior ity b ut that these
, ,

d ea r and vene rable symb ols had no sacredness except

w hat they had d e r ive d from him an d h e a man O b , ,

s cu r e l y bo rn and ra ised in the ir ve ry m idst adm itte d

, ,

to n o rel ig ious o ffice not e ven hav ing had an educat ion
,

s uch as the Scr ibes al w ays had ! It w as intol erabl e .

They had b e en fooled The w ords o f revol t b egan

.

Th is is a hard say ing ; w ho can hear it 7

His d isc iples fel t the con tag ion They j o ined in the .

compla int Jesus repl ied to them str a in ing th e bo w

.
,

more tensely and dr iv ing h ome the a r ro w o f his ab so

,

l ute d iv in ity and heavenly or ig in to the uttermost .

What and if y e shall see the S on of M an ascendup wher e he

was bef or e ? He then d e clare d that his mean ing in all
these teach ing s could not b e und erstood by sensuous
reason b ut only through moral sympathy It requ ired
,
.

sp ir itual intu ition The wor ds that I sp ea/r unto y ou they

.
,

are s
p ir it an d they ar e li e No man can co me unto me
exce
p t it wer e
g iven
f
unto him o my F ather .

The die w as cast ! The b an ds w ere broken From .

t hat t ime many O f his d is c iples w en t back and w alked

n o mo r e w ith him Even his t w elve compan ions
”
.

w av e r e d and gave s igns o f aband on ing him

,
He w as .

l ike to be le ft a l one .

T he mul t itu de he l e t go but sought to draw back ,

his d is c iple s to the ir alleg iance T urn ing to them .

,

a nd d oubtle s s w ith all that intens ity o f coun tenance

and engag ingne s s o f manner o f w h ich w e have seen
r epeat e d in s tance s he sa id tend erly l V
,
il l y e al so yo ,
 M IN I S TR Y OF THE DI S CI PLES .
49

N ever did Peter

s courage and enthus iasm
’
away ?
better b ecome him or b etter serve his fello w s than
, ,

w hen he s w ep t a w ay the last l inger ing d oub t Lor d to ,

whom shal l we y o thou hast the wor ds of eter nal l if e and

we bel ieve and ar e sur e that thou ar t the Chr ist, the S on f
o

the God .

VO L . II .
50 UN DER THE S HAD O W .

C HA P T E R XXI .

UNDER T HE S HAD O W .

ALT HO UG H the scenes last recounted took pl ace on

the eve o f the Passover and Jesus w as accustomed
,

to Observe the great festivals o f his people and cara ,

vans w ere n o w go ing p ast him throng ing to w ard J e r u

“

salem he did not choose to go th ithe r John g ives

,
.

the reason : He w o uld not w alk in Je w ry [Jud aea]

“

because the Je w s sought to k ill him I t is not n e

.

ces sa ry to suppose that the rel ig iou s author ities w ere

prete rnaturally ev il an d that the Temple w as a nest

,

o f venomous serpents That there w ere among them

.

many unpr inc ipled and w icked men is tr ue ; b ut the

body o f the educate d Je w ish classes w ere s imply
pa r ty men an d had the vices w h ich in fest partisans
,
.

They w ere j ealous o f the ir personal influe n ce ; they

w ere fie r cely attached to the ir r el ig ious system ; they
w e r e intense by nature an d fanat ical by educat ion ;
,

they had the awful v irtue o f cons istency in cruelty ,

fo r they w oul d k ill or b e k ille d w ith e qual read iness

fo r the ir rel ig ious faith .

B ut th is Jud aean re former had b ecome too danger

o u s to be tolerated The leade r s may b e imag ined
as rea s on ing thus He cannot be w o n He can .

n o t b e s ilenced
. His influence gro w s His w orks or .

feats o f n e c r omancy increase eve ry day in n umb er

a nd ma r vellou s ne s s
. The people ar e gone cra z y a fter
52 UN DE R THE S E A 0 0 W .

una wa res touch someth ing that ta inte d his han ds w ith
uncl e annes s Thus fr e quen t w a s h ing had be come a
.

r itual is t ic supe r s t it ion nor w as it confin ed to the per

,

son if earthen vessels w ere ceremon ially un cl ean they

w ere broken b ut if o f metal or stone they w ere pur i
,

fi e dby w ash ing as also w ere utens ils tables and var iou s
, , ,

other th ing s These cere mon ial O bservances l ike the

.
,

s ign ing o f the cross in modern t imes w ere not burden ,

some ; they kept the consc ien ce in good conten t they ,

appeale d to the national pride as a mark o f the supe

r io r it o f the J e w and his separaten ess from all other
y
people and hand ed do w n by the elders through many
, ,

years they had a flavor o f sanctity and patr iotism

,
.

No w in regard to these r itual O bservances Jesus and

“
his d isc ipl es w ere con sp icuously ind ifferent Why .

w alk not thy d isc iples acco r d ing to the trad it ion o f
the el de r s bu t eat bread w ith un w ashen hands ? ask
,
”

the dep utat ion For the ir purposes adm ir ably p ut !

.
,

See w hat the e ffect o f th is man s teach ing is upon his

’

d isc iples Is g iv ing up the customs o f the fath ers the

.

w ay to re fo r m
The reply w as n ot an excuse b ut an attack qu ick , ,

“
and irres ist ible D o I negl ect the custo ms o f the
.

elders ? But ye break the commandmen ts o f G o d

that ye may keep human t r ad itions Y e have put .

”
out true p ie ty by a pretence o f sav ing it Jesus .

then pu shes home the cha r ge by po in ting out the

s hamele s s ingrat itud e o f w h ich a ch ild m ight be gu ilty

to w a r d a parent by a tr ick o f t r ad it ion .

He kne w the deadly p urpose o f t he Scr ib e s an d ,

w as in no mood to smooth ove r matters w h ich l ay at

t he r oot o f mo r al ity S ince they had a imed to d etach
.

the people fro m him Je s us p ut them upon tr ial b e

,
 UN DER THE S HAD O W .
53

fore the peopl e And w hen he had called all the

.

peopl e unto him he attacked the w hole system Of

,

pern ic ious eth ics by w h ich these pre tentious teachers

w ere destroy ing the very V itals o f p iety an d leav ,

ing only a hollo w external form S in l ies in the .

emot ions and mot ives He is ev il w ho allo w s h imsel f

.

to th ink ev il What if meat has not b een ceremon ially

p urifi ed — is a man s soul hurt by th e eat ing o f it ?
.

Jesus fell back upon the gr e at natural sent iments

o f human ity Rel ig ion is not the carry ing out o f
.

church Observances Y o u are not so iled by eat ing.

or dr ink ing contrary to ritual customs No r on the .

,

other hand w ill you b e made pure even by r ig idly

,

con form ing to every church rul e It is t he heart .

that de term ines moral cond ition Right thoughts .

an d right actions mak e true p iety Wrong thoughts .

ind ulge d and ev il feel ings cher ished cannot b e atoned

fo r by rel ig ious O bservan ces If a man is true k ind .
, ,

j ust nobl e in his p urposes he may le t the trad itions

, ,

o f the el d ers Je w ish or Chr ist ian

,
take care o f them ,

selves All san ct ity l ies in the soul

. .

We have b ut a shad o w o f the full d iscours e w h ich ,

ba ffled th e d es igns o f his questioners and le ft them in ,

con fus ion b e fore the peopl e ; fo r his d isc iples cam e to
him say ing
,
Kno w est thou t hat th e Phar isees w ere
,
”
o ffended after they h eard th is say ing ? B ut they
,

“
w e r e not to b e p it ied Le t them al one ; they are
.

bl ind leaders o f the b l ind An d if the bl ind lead .

”
the bl ind b oth shall fall into the d itch
,
.

Although he had thro w n b ack his immed iate assail

ants there w ere m any reason s w hy Jesus shoul d
,

suspend his lab ors in the fam il iar reg ion aroun d th e
54 UN DER THE S HA D O IV .

Sea O f G e n e sare th John s d eath ; the n e w s that

.
’

He r od w hose cur ios ity w as dange r ous w as mak ing

, ,

in qu iries as if anx ious to see Jesus ; the break in the

feel ings o f his follo w ers ; the presence o f the d eputa
t ion from Jeru salem to w atch and w ork up any elemen t
o f d iscontent — these th ings all de term ined Jesus to
,

w ithd ra w fo r a t ime fr om the scen es O f that intense

act iv ity w h ich had character iz ed the fe w past months .

Indeed th is w as the en d o f his m in istry aroun d the

,

Sea o f G al ilee He r ea fter h e w ould rev is it these en

.

deared places b ut only trans iently Capernaum w as

,
.

no longer to b e his home The cro w ds w oul d p ush .

the ir daily tra ffi c upon and around the sea b u t his ,

m iss ion there w as over an d a fte r a fe w d istan t c ircu its

,

he w ould beg in that progress to w ard Jerusalem w h ich

shoul d lead to his d eath Then w hen next he is seen
.
,

upon the shores o f th is lake his d isp ersed follo w ers ,

w ill b e foun d aga in at the ir nets and he w ill w alk ,

be fo r e them as one returned fr om the sp ir it land ,

w ea ring the h uman form b ut in a m anne r ine ffable

,
.

The real state O f p ubl ic feel ing at th is c ris is cannot

b e learned by th e s imple phrases w h ich h int it so much ,

as by the e ffects impl ied in the cond uct o f Jesus The .

magn ificen t ser ies o f m iracles w h ich had fo r months ,

b een as the overflo w o f Jordan shrank b ack to cau ,

tious l im its The cl amo r o f w on der and the w ild e n

.

t hu siasm o f grat itude w ere r est r a ined w ith gro w ing

str ictness The shado w o f danger fell upon him fr om
.

“
the royal court and he w arn ed his d isc iples to be
,

w a r e o f the l eaven o f Herod He also w ith more .

”
,

emphat ic autho r ity w arns them o f the mach inat ions

,

o f the Phar isee s and Sad d ucees not alon e o f the ir ,

dangerous eth ic s the ir subtle in s incer ity b ut o f that

, ,
 UN DER THE S HA D O W .
55

un der w ork ing that s in ister managem ent those plots

-
, ,

“
w h ich w ould sudd enly break out from th is le aven
”
o f hypoc r isy The reced ing t ide o f popular favo r
.
,

the d isappo intment an d d iscontent o f amb it ious m en

look ing fo r personal and pol it ical advantage gave to ,

the exp ert Scr ibes the very mater ial w h ich th ey
n eeded fo r the ir mal ign p urposes .

Th is cond ition o f th ings in no w ise lessened the

courage o f Jesus he m e t every e ncounter w ith an al
most impetuous boldness At no p eriod b e fore had .

h e so follow e d up a t r uth press ing it home upon ,

d isl ik ing consc iences and impal ing his adve r saries
upon it Instead o f p r uden tly w ithhol d ing his o ffen
.

s ive claims he every day d ivulged them more clearly

,
.

B ut as in the state o f feel ing w h ich ex iste d and

,

fermented th is cou r se w oul d soon bring on a v iolent

,

issue b e fore his hour had come he seems to have de

, ,

t e r min e d to w ithd r a w from observat ion an d to retur n , ,

if at all only w hen he w as ready fo r his pass ion and

,

final sacrifice .

That secl us ion and comparat ive rest w ere sought ,

and not a change in the fi eld o f labor is pla in b oth ,

from the characte r o f the reg ion to w h ich he repai r e d ,

an d from his express w ish es w h ich are ment ioned in ,

Mark . And fr om thence Jesus w en t into the b o r d ers

o f Tyre and S idon an d entere d into an house and
, ,

woul d hav e no man k now it ; b ut h e coul d not b e b id .

v ii
( Mark It w
. as not to th e sea coast nor to -

the c ities O f Tyre an d S idon that h e repaired fo r ,

that w ould have b een to court exc item ent There .

w as a str ip o f land along the r iver Leon tes and the

Ant i Lib an us mounta ins ab out five m il e s in w id th an d
-
, ,

near th irty in l ength w h ich had b een in controversy

,
56 UN DER THE S HA D O IV .

betw een the k ings o f Tyre and o f Pal estin e b ut w h ich ,

w as mad e over to Hiram by Solomon ; and th is w as

the coast or more properly border land — a r e
“
, , ,
-
,
’
g ion em inen tly su itable to Chr ist s p urpose o f tem
p o r ar
y re t ire ment an d rest .

But he w as dr iven thence by an u nexpecte d scene .

A G entile w oman had heard o f him and o f his pres ,

ence in that reg ion She w as ev idently a w oman o f

.

great intens ity o f feel ing an d strength o f p urpose .

She had a daughter gr ievously vexe d w ith a dev il .

Jesus had come h ither fo r secl us ion To grant her .

req uest w ould se t the w hol e reg ion into a bla z e o f

exc itement and dr ive him out “
He ans w ered h er
.

not a w ord . It does not follo w that his s il ence mean t

re fusal Th is w oman w as not on e w ho w as l ikely to go
.

aw ay unans w ered He w a ite d fo r the b ud to blosso m

. .

His d iscipl es see ing only the ext e rior inter fered w ith
, ,

“ "
o ffi cio us adv ice : Send her aw ay fo r she crieth a fter ,

us.
”
He s ign ifies to them that a larger reason than
mere personal an noyance m ight have been urge d ;
namely that to the G entiles the l ight w oul d sh ine
,

w hen fi r st he had prepared his o w n countrymen .

’
What the mother s heart enl ightened her eyes to
see in his delay w hat his d isc ipl es did not perce ive
, ,

n o w b ecame man ifest as she presse d for w ard to his

very p erson and fell do w n an d claspe d his feet in

the manne r o f Or iental w orsh ip w h ile her draw n back
,
-

soul l ike a b o w l et go w ords that struck l ike arro w s

“
LO RD HEL P M E
, Love can a ffo r d to w a it w hen it
has determ ined to grant ; fo r even utter w ill ingness
loves sol ic itat ion Jesus t ries her w ith a statement
.

o f the Je w ish v ie w o f th e propr iet ies o f rel ig ious

“
g ifts : Le t t he ch il dren first b e filled ; fo r it is not
58 UN DER THE S HA D O W .

Je s u s d is closed th is w oman s natu r e Had he ans w ered ’

.

he r w is h at the fi rs t w o r d w e should have b een w ith ,

out th is e xqu is ite scene Pity that the record d r ops .

he r o ut — a rare gem glo w ing fo r a momen t and

, , ,

lo s t !

Ho w long Jesus had b een in his comparative sol i

tude w hen th is scene took place and ho w long he ,

r ema ined w e have no means o f dete r m in ing

,
Such a .

m iracl e w ould b e ap t to st ir up the w hole r eg ion and ,

b ring upon him that notoriety w h ich it w as his very

p u r po s e to avo id .

As ide from the reasons already g iven a fter such ,

prolonged and excess ive lab o r s o f the mo s t exhaust ing

k ind as he had und ergone fo r months he nee ded rest ,
.

G o ing n orth w ard he t r aversed the bo r der land o f ,

-

S idon to the foot o f Lebanon Turn ing east h e cam e

,
.
,

into the upper reg ion o f D ecapol is thus pass ing ,

a r ound the sources o f the Jordan to the north o f the

1
Sea o f G al ile e .

Then turn ing south w ard he came aga in to the head ,

o f the Sea o f G al ilee on the eastern shore Th is w as .

1
The re i li
g o n o f De cap o s l ay e ast o f t he J or an, w th t he e d i x ce
pt i on o f t he
l i ttl e t er r i y y
tor b k li
uth n e nd
Sc t ho p o s , c o se t o t he w e st e r n an , at t he l so er

o f th S f G l il
e ea o In dd i t i n t D m a u nd S yth p l i w h e
ee . a o o a asc s a c o o s, os

sit es w ll kn wn it hi f t wn w e G d
ar e e o b ut i mi l
, s c uth e o s er a ar a , a o s x es so

e as t f t h l k ; P ll
o e n tha i d f the ng f G il d p p i t S yth p
e e a, o e s e O ra e o ea , O os e c o

Ol i ; Phil d l phi th n i nt R bb th A mm n ; G v
s a e a, e wh e a ui n c e a o -
o er asa , os r s

ar e t h m t m gn i fi
e nt in l l P l
os tin
a nd C n t h ce t he K n t h f t h a a es e a a a a, e e O e

B i bl i tu t d tw d m ng t he m u nt i n f B h n D p l i w
e, s a e e as ar a o o a s o as a . e ca o s as

n t t i t ly
o s r c
p vin l ik G l i l P
a ro T h ni t i
ce , It w th
e n a ee, e r aea , o r r ac o s . as r a er a

as se mbl g f l i t tl p i n i p l i t i
a e o l d t g th n t b u
e r f th i
c a es c a s se o e er , o e ca se o e r

g g p hi l p i t i n b t b
eo ra ca u t h y nj y d i mil p ivil g
os o , u me e ca se e e o e s ar r e es, so

w h t l ik t h H n
a e t wn in G e m ny
a Si f t he g
se t it i
o f th D
s er a . x o re a c es o e e

ca
p li o n w ui n d
s ar e nd d o l t nd th t h wi th t he i ngle
r e a p e so a e , a e o er s , s e x ce

ti n f D m
o o u a
p n
asc t d by p mi
s , ar e bl e i l l g
—
rePR O J re se e oor se r a v a es . F . .

LE S L IE PO R T E R , in K itt o ’
s B ibl i ca l Cycl op ru l m .
 UNDE R THE S HA D O W .
59

near the place to w h ich h e had once be fore resorted

fo r sol itude an d rest — a t that t ime com ing to it from
,

the w est It w as he r e that the great m ir acle o f the

.

feed ing o f five thousand w a s pe r fo r med — the cr it ical ,

m iracl e w h ich though thr ill ing the people w ith ama z e
,

ment yet str angely was th e turn ing po int in his in

, , ,
-

fl ue nce There is no ment ion made o f d iscourse or

.

m iracl e d ur ing th is j ourn ey though he a fter w ards ,

taught and healed in D ecapol is It w as a G entile .

reg ion Jesus repeatedly teaches that the gospel w as

.

to come first to the Je w s and not to the G e nt iles ,

.

Th is w as not in the S p ir it o f a narro w Je w ish nat ional

feel ing Palest ine was the nest ; b ut w h en once the
.

truth w as fle dged it shoul d fly and s ing in every land

,

und er heaven .

Once more in the ne ighbo r hood o f the Sea o f G al i

lee Jesus could not b e b id There w as brought to
,
.

him here a dea f mute The deta il o f the process o f

-
.

heal ing is r emarkabl e It w as not by a w ord o f

po w er b ut by certa in s imple act ions w h ich s imulated
, ,

the appl icat ion o f m e d ical reme d ies He p ut his fi n .

ger into the dea f man s ear and touched the dumb ’

tong ue w ith sp ittle from his o w n mouth ; he raise d

“
his eyes to heaven and s igh ing d eeply sa id ,
Be , , ,

O pene d As he had dra w n the man out o f the cro w d

that seems to have accompan ied him the m iracle w as ,

seen by all Though all m iracl es are w ond er ful th is

.
,

on e perhaps w as compl icated or had pecul iarly pa in

, , ,

ful attr ib utes kno w n to all and there fo r e exc ited gen ,

eral sympathy: Certainly th e sudde n trans it ion from ,

vo icelessness and u tter s ilence into a w orl d r ing ing

w ith intell ig ibl e sounds w oul d b e to the patient w o n , ,

de rful enough and his ecstat ic man ner m ight w ell ex

,
00 UNDER T HE S HA D O W .

c ite the m ul t itud e Then too the cond uct o f Jesus

.
, ,

w as pecul iarly impress ive — that l ong ing up w ard look , ,

that s igh — as o f one w ho fo r the momen t forgot

,

that any w ere look ing upon him Either o f these or .

, ,

more l ikely all o f them toge ther insp ired an u n co n

, ,

t ro l l abl e enth us iasm in the cro w d to restra in w h ich ,

“ ”
Je s u s cha rged them to tell no man ; and qu ite ,

naturally the more h e charged them so much the

, ,

more a g r eat deal they publ ished it ; an d w ere b eyon d

measure aston ished say ing He hath done all th ings
, ,

w ell : he maketh both the dea f to hear an d the d umb ,

”
to speak It w ould seem as if th e spectators w e r e
.

in pa r t those w ho had heard o f; or even part ic ipated

in the d isconten t w h ich spread abroad a fter the mir
,

acl e O f the loave s and th is excl amation,

“
He hath ,
”
done all th ings w ell w as uttered as if v ind icatin g
,

Jesus from the unj ust prej ud ice w h ich had gro w n up .

Th is m iracle p ut an en d to all poss ib il ity o f s e cl u

s ion . At once the r e s w armed to him va st numb ers o f
s ick o f every desc r iption The e ffect upon th e multi .

tude w as most sal utary and they glor ified the G od of ,

”
I sr ael ,
a phrase w h ich w ould have doubl e signifi
cance if w e suppo s e that it w as use d by G ent il es
w ho by th is scene were d r a w n to w a r d the w orsh ip o f
the t r ue G o d Jesus resumed his labo r s o f instruction
.

an d the reg ion be ing re mote fr om to w n s he a secon d

, ,

t ime fe d the m ul t itude by repeat ing the m ir acl e o f the

loa f in c irc um s tance s st r ik ingly resembl ing the former
occas ion an d yet indub itably d iffe r en t
, .

But w h il e he doubtless found many o f his country

men in D ecapol is an d Pe r aea his real and love d fiel d ,

o f labor w as t he other S ide o f the lak e ; and w e soon

find him cross ing to the w est s ide and land ing at Mag ,
 UN DER THE S HA D O W .
61

dala a b eautiful c ity on the lo w er marg in o f the pla in

,

o f G e n e sa r e t h Bu ilt up on a level plateau g irde d in

.
,

by rocky he ights it looked out over the ch ie f field o f

,

his labo r s B ut there w ere other th ings to rem ind him

.

o f past l ife He w as met by his fam il iar adve r saries

.
,

w ho seeme d n o w to b e acting in concert throughout

G al ile e . There must have b een a strong current run
n ing w h ich could draw in the sel f indulgent Sa dducee
,
-
,

w hose nam e ne w first appears as in act ive co opera -

t ion w ith Phar isees After his cons iderabl e absence he

.

retu r ns to find the exc itement unabated an d his first ,

attempts at instruction met w ith a venomous contro

v e rsial sp irit His e n em ies tak ing a h in t fr om the
.
,

popular reaction that follo w e d the great m iracle Of

t he loaves hoped that some n ew entan gl ement m ight
,

S pr ing out from a pro fus ion o f his m ighty w o r ks They .

“
b egan to q uestion w ith him seek ing o f him a S ign ,

from heaven temp tiny him ,

B ut w hat are m iracles to .

men in heart stone bl ind ? What w oul d s igns from -

heave n b e t o men who w ere shre w d pol it ically b ut ,

unkno w in g and insens it ive to sp ir itual tokens ? The

face o f the Sk y they could d iscern b ut it s dep ths from , ,
”
w h ich came those S igns o f the t imes from far w ith in , ,

they could not d iscern .

Th is unk ind recep tion w ent to his heart His hour .

w as dra w ing near The shado w o f death l ay upon

.

him . He co ul d n o t go into confl ict w ith them As

‘

one w ho lost to the consc ious presence o f spectators

, ,

turns in his m in d some w e ighty interest un til w ith ,

a long deep breath he w akes so says Mark Jesus

, , , ,

“ ”
s ighed deeply in his S p irit or fr om the d ep ths o f ,

his soul and sa id w ith the sad w ords o f a ve il ed

, ,

“
rophecy T here shall no s ign b e g iven unto th is
p ,
 UN DER THE S HA D O W .

gen erat ion and Matthe w adds the s ign ificant clause ,
”
b ut the s ign o f the prophe t Jonas The sto r y o f .

Jonah gave him a strik ing analogue o f his o wn com

ing fate .

There w as no room fo r his labor among the fam il iar

haunts on the w estern shore AS he turned to go .

a ga in to his boat the w hol e lake lay O pe n b e fore him

, ,

not as n o w c inctured w ith sol itary h ills b ut edged ,

w ith to w ns an d v illages Beyond to the east run the

.

r anges o f the Jaulan and the Hauran w hose s ides ,

an dvalleys fa irly sparkled w ith to w ns and magn ificent

c it ies even the ru ins o f w h ich no w exc ite w onder

,
.

Never pe r haps had so many c ities b ee n b u ilt and

, , ,

fille d w ith palaces temples theatres and statues upon

, , , ,

s ites remote from commerce and sel ecte d apparently ,

fo r the ir romant ic scen ic beauty The Romans fo l .

lo w ed the G reeks an d roads pavements b r idges and

, , , ,

to w ers sprung from the ir practical c iv il iz ation If .

Jesus cast his eye over the w aters to those near or

d is tant he ights from the ir pu r pl e s id es they must
,

have flashe d b ack h ints and gl impses o f marvellous

arch itectural c iv il iz at ion b eautiful on its exter ior w ith
, ,

all that un s crup ulous w ealth and impe r ial po w er coul d

do b u t w ith in heartless S ick an d already pass ing a w ay
, , ,
.

No t upon these w oul d his eye d w ell long but upon ,

the f am il iar c ircu it o f the G al ilean shore There w as .

Capernau m his home ; beyond C hora z in ; around the

, ,

bend o f the shore the mouth o f the Jordan and on

, , ,

both s ides o f it B ethsa ida Jul ias ; w h il e farthe r to the

,
-

“
le ft and no rth stood Sa fed that c ity on a h ill that ,

cannot be hit and far b eh ind r is ing in s ilent ,

g rande u r as if it w e r e the aerial gua r d ian o f all the

,

re g io n around ro s e the s no w clad summ it o f Hermon -

, .
 UN DER THE S HA D O W .
63

He loved these scen es If the human soul has po w er

.

to clothe external n ature w ith assoc iations w h ich g ive

l ife to dead th ings an d cover rude and homely o b
,

j ec t s w ith b eauty ho w much r icher must have b ee n

,

the atmosphere thro w n around th e scenes o f his ch ild

hood o f his manhood and m in istry by such a soul as
, ,

Chr ist s !
’

He l e ft Magdala abruptly and returned to the eas t ,

ern shore The time w as come to arm his d isc iples

.

aga inst those po ison ing influences w h ich w ere fill ing
the air as w ith a malar ia Th ey w ere not ye t strong
.

enough to res ist the in fection o f social sympathy .

Be w are o f the leaven o f the Phar isees Take heed .

o f the l eaven o f the Sadduce es B e on your guard .

against th e dangerous favor o f Herod .

”

The w ords fell upon the ir ears strangely They .

“
looked at each other an d w h ispere d Leaven ? It ,

must b e b ecause w e have no t taken bread w ith us ;

there is b ut one loaf An d these w ere the inst r u
.

ments by w h ich Jesus w as to w ork ! Well as h e

kn e w them th is s impl ic ity o f 1 m disce rn me n t surpr ised
,

him ; an d he almost sharply calls to the ir m ind w ith ,

catechet ical part icula r ity the tw o m iracles o f fee d ing

,

thousands by way o f rebuk ing the ir lack o f fa ith an d

,

o f understand ing .

Jesus no w arrayed h imsel f determ inedly against

the pol icy an d infl uence o f the rel ig ious teach ers .

There coul d b e n o fus ion He foresa w the result to

.

h imsel f ; and though he w oul d not rush hastily forw ard

to danger his manner and teach ing w ere those o f one
,

w ho is d evoted to d eath and is calmly though slo w ly

,

moving to w ard it .

At Bethsa ida J ul ias he heal e d a bl ind man and ,

64 UN DER THE S HA D O W .

Ma r k g ive s t he manner o f it w ith a c ircumstantial ity

w hich make s it a p icture and ind icates too ho w Jesus
, , ,

id en t ified h imsel f w ith those w ho m he healed He .

took the bl ind man by the hand ; he l ed him forth

o ut o f to w n st ill hold ing his han d ; he aga in p ut
,

sp ittle upon his eye s as if it had a m ed ic inal v irtue

,

in it ; then h e put his hand upon him ask ing if he ,

s a w aught The man s aw th ings ye t in a bl ur

.
,

“ ”
A se con d touch restored
men as trees w alk ing .

him to clear and per fect s ight .

Once more Jesus leaves the sea and goes north ,

again to el ud e the active intrus ion upon him o f the

,

Scr ibes w hose fi ery questions turned d iscourses o f

,

instruct ion into ir r itat ing controversy and w ere in ,

danger o f draw ing his hearers into part ies rather than ,

o f develop ing in them calm a nd s w e et d ispos itions .

The r iver Jordan dra w s it s s upply fro m thre e sources .

Fa r tb est to the north is the Hasbany whose earl iest

-
,

drops tr ickle from the melt ing sno w s o f Hermon .

Next in t he descent and com ing in from the east is

, ,

“
the w ater from the extraord inary Pool o f Dan A .

splend id tereb inth and a not less spl end id oak droop
over th is l ittle stream But another and h istorically
.
,

by far the mos t interesting sou r ce o f th e D escend er ,

( fo r such is the mean ing o f Jordan

) is to b e found at

Ban ias or as it w as mo r e generally call ed Pane as (in

, , ,

honor o f a sanctuary there place d to th e heathen god

Pan ) .From a cave in the base o f a mountain issues a
broad and deep stream in o ur day rush ing forth among
,

c arved ston es an d over the S pl end id ru ins o f th e

,

famous c ity o f Caesarea Ph il ipp i Th is c ity w as at t he .

ext r eme bound o f Palestine on th e north To th is .

n e ighb o r hood w h ich not long be fore he had v is ited

, ,
66 UN DER THE S HA D O W .

call ed El ij ah w ho w as un iversally expected to come

,

aga in be fore the Mess iah Jerem iah an d one and

.
,

another O f the old proph ets w ere ment ioned among ,

the peopl e B ut no one as ye t had thought or th ink

.
, ,

ing had dare d O penly to avo w that Jesus w as the

, ,

l ong expecte d Mess iah

- .

B ut whom say y e that I am

In v ie w o f the scenes o f d iscontent and O ppos it ion
through w h ich they had passed and the exh ib it ion o f ,

the w idely var ious pop ular sen timent th is quest ion ,

w as a challenge Peter b e fore all as us ual but

.
, , ,

w ith an insp irat ion w h ich carr ie d him up to an in

tense en thus iasm o f confidence ans w ered fo r all that , ,

he w as the very Mess iah in a sense w h ich far out

,

“
ran the h ighest Je w ish expectat ion : THO U A RT
”
T HE CHE1 S T T HE SO N O F T HE LI VI N G G O D
,
! Th is
glor ious enthus iasm o f faith brough t Peter up into
the realm w here Chr ist d w el t For the moment all .

w eakness w as gone His lo w er nature w as still The

. .

n oblest elements in th e ir h ighest mood re igned Upon .

Peter in that subl ime mood and represent ing as in a

, ,

t r an sfi gu r at io n the gran d element o f fa ith Jesus de ,

cl ar e d that he w oul d b u ild his church To Peter in .

,

th is re fulgence o f faith should b e g iven the keys ; fo r

,

he that has such intense an d supernal fa ith can open

the sp ir itual door an d l ead in the souls o f others ; in
such d iv in e exaltat ion o f soul he w oul d disce 1 n and
j udge all th ings r ightly b ind ing or loos ing w ith u n
,

e r r ing truth .

The coarse external interpretat ion g iven to th is

scene red uces it from it s super ior sp ir itual elevat ion ,

and makes it an act o f external eccles iastical mechan

ism ; w h ich if it had b e en true w ould surely not have
, ,
 UN DER THE S HA D O W 67

b een l e ft by Jesus w ithout further record forgotten ,

by the Apostles and not cla ime d by Pete r h imsel f

, .

Rej o icing in th is un ity o f sp ir it in his d isc iple band ,

Jesus did not de em it sa fe as yet fo r them to make, ,

his personal Mess iahsh ip the the me o f teach ing He .

strenuously forbade them to m e ntion it Q u ite as id e .

from the e ffect w h ich w oul d b e prod uce d upon the

publ ic m ind in it s ag itation w as the fact that they
themselves w ere not in a cond it ion to rece ive the
w hole truth .

Jesus no w attempted to prepare the m fo r that w h ich

actually lay b e fore them in his and the ir h is t ory W ith .

particular ity he en umerates the sorro w s to come He .

m ust l eave G al il e e to go to Jerusalem He m ust .

su ffer m uch He must b e rej ecte d by the el ders o f

.

his p eopl e He must b e Sla in b ut should b e ra ised

.
,

aga in from the dead At first these teach ings se em to

.

have b een imparted to the d isc ipl es al on e in retiremen t .

“
B ut by and by Mark says ,
he spake that saying ,
”
O enl
p y .T hen it w a s that the ever patron iz ing Peter -

“
took him an d b egan to rebuke him
”
.
,

The Mess iahsh ip rose up on th e ir imag ination in all

the rad ian ce o f v ictory They did not doub t that
.

there w as a conceale d royal ty in Jesus He w as a .

s un b ut yet b eh ind clouds Soon h e w oul d sh ine

,
.

forth and every clou d w ould b e gone w h en his gl o r y

, ,

S hould fill the w hol e heaven an d sh in e upon all the

earth Hum il iat ion an d su ffering w ere so repugnant to

.

the ir ideas o f th e Mess iah that w hen in th e re tirement

, ,

o f th is far northern b ord e r lan d he b egan to foretell

-

the su ffer ings w h ich lay b e fore him espec ially w hen ,

he said it publ icly it shocked them all and Pe ter

, , ,

al w ays the p r ompt spokesman undertook to reb uke ,

68 UN DER THE S HA D O W .

th is de s pondency and assure him in e ffect that they

, , ,
“
w ould de fend him Th is shall not b e unto thee
. .

Thu s w h il e Peter had an enthus ias m o f fa ith in the

,

supe r em inent and exalted Mess iah h e had an utter ,

r epugnance to that su ffer ing w h ich w as to b e the

glory p roduc ing el ement
- If the b en ed ict ion p r o .

n o u n ce d upon Peter in the ackno w ledgment o f

,

Chr ist gave him perpe tual pr ior ity S hould n ot the
, ,

mal ed ict ion w h ich th is u n w orthy ignorance calle d

forth by the same reason ing hold to the end ? Mark
, , ,
“
the accurate says : And w hen h e ha d turned ab out
, ,

and looked on his d isc ipl es he r ebuke d Pe ter say ing , , ,

G e t thee beh ind m e Satan : thou art an o ffence unto

,

me ; fo r thou sav o r e st not th e th ings that b e o f G o d ,

but the th ings that b e o f men .

When Peter by D iv in e influence w as exal ted into a

transcend ent sp ir itual state th e prerogatives o f that ,

state w ere his ; and w hen h e fell back und er the infl u
ence o f his lo w er and w orldly nature th e w eakness ,

and m isch ie f o f that state w ere la id upon him It is .

not o f Pete r alone b ut o f un iversal man that th is is

, ,

true .

Noth ing seems to hav e impressed the d isc iples more

than the l och w h ich under exc itement Jesus had the
, ,

po w er o f g iv ing I t is m ent ione d unconsc iously as

.
,

a force w h ich they had fel t rathe r than as a th ing ,

w h ich they had O bserve d Every feature in some faces .

,

w hen k indle d fr om w ith in is a tongue — mo r e than , ,

a tongue w h ich is feebl e and un r ich to expres s the

,

deepest emot ions the sub t il e the complex an d the

, , ,

sudden and evanescent B ut th e face may l ike an .

,

opal flash m ingled colors w h ich the cunn ingest brush

,

cannot catch or keep We r ecall our frie nds more by

.
 UN DER THE S HA D O W 69

looks than by the ir w ords It is th e look at meet .

in g or the look at part ing or th e express ion at some

, ,

moment o f h igh d iscourse that the memory catches , ,

and fixes as an ine ffaceabl e p icture In old age w hen .

,

form and w ords an d all the pe r son al ity b es ides have

, , ,

by d istance gro w n dim as cl ouds on the hor iz on cer ,

ta in sud den rad ian t looks yet float and V ibrate as

faint l ightn ings do in t hose same even ing summer
clouds .

These days o f rel ative sol itude — fo r th ere is e v i

dence that h e did not w holly rel inqu ish the O ffice
o f p ubl ic instruct ion probably among the scattered
,

Je w s o f th is Upper G al ile e — w ere days o f great so

l e mn it y in th e l ife o f Jesus That he greatly su ffered
.

in sp ir it can hardly b e doubte d It is not in co n sist

.

ent w ith o u r v ie w o f the D iv ine nature O f Chr ist an d ,

it s earthly e d ucat ion to suppose that he e ntere d upon

,

his m in istry w ith the ardor o f hope and youth ful in

exper ience That w as no w all past He ha d come to
. .

the hard real ity It had b een revealed to him by his

.

Father that his w ay lay through su ffer ing not supe

, ,

r io r it and that by death he w to br ing l ife to m en

y , as .

“
No do ub t the j oy that w as set b e fore him w as as
clearly seen as w ere the steps o f sorro w that l ed to
it
. He kn e w that fo r th is exper ience h e came into
the w orl d B ut the soul is dependent fo r it s moods
.

upon the body ; and h e had his periods o f depress ion ,

l ike any other incarnated sp irit .

Human l ife w as a cont inuous d iscor d to his finely

attuned nature Wh il e he coul d hope to change it
.
,

he lab o r e d cheerfully ; w hen the conv iction flashed

“ “
upon him that he w a s rej ected o f m en that his ,
”

o w n rece ive d him n o t

”
that n o w every day an d every
,
70 UNDER THE S HA D O W

step b rough t him in to more pa in ful coll is ions and to

the aw ful tragedy that lay p il e d above Jerusal em l ike
storm clouds is it strange that h e fel t the pangs o f
-
,

dread not the fear o f a t im id or co w ardly sp irit b u t ,

that s hrink ing w ith w h ich a gen erous sp irit sees the
a pproach o f ev il or o f v ictor ious w rong In part w as
.

n o w b e ing fulfilled the pathet ic descr ipt ion in the Ep is

tle to the Hebre w s : Who in th e days o f his flesh ,

w hen h e had o ffered up praye r s and suppl icat ions ,

w ith strong cry ing and tears un to Him that w as able

,

to save him from death and w as h eard in that he

, ,

feared : though he w ere a Son yet l earned he Ob e

,
”
die n ce by the th ings w h ich h e su ffered .

There w as n eed then fo r his d isc iples sak e an d fo r

’

his o w n that th ere S hould b e some assur ing man ifesta

,

t ion from on h igh A great cr is is w a s a t hand The

. .

w eary and rej ected Teach er b e fore tak ing further

,

steps nee ded re inv igorat ion The D iv in e man ifesta

,
.

t ion w as ready and w a itin g .

72 LI G HT TR I UM PHA N T

one b road summ it on w h ich res t d eep masses o f all but

,

eternal sno w s trans form ed by the s unl ight to a tran s

,

parent p ale gold t int w ith interm ingled gleams o f

,

pea rly l u s tre s uch as never yet have been expressed

,
”
And then in a b urst o f enthus ias m
’
by pa inter s art .

he add r e s ses Mount Hermon : “

A royal pr ince art
thou an image o f the G r eat K ing : and that l ook o f
,

maj esty on w h ich one coul d never t ire o f ga z ing ; tha t

b ro w o f pal e gold gl it ter ing in the dark blue sk y ;
,

tho s e d e wy m ists so ftly fall ing on thy w oods and l evel

do w ns ; those rav ines o f dark deep shade and those ,

tall cl iffs sm il ing in th e sun s br igh t rays never shall’

the remembrance o f these t hy b eaut ies pass from me .

I t must have been someth ing adm irabl e that coul d so

exc ite th is p ious an d consc ient ious man o f facts I n .

“
ano t her place he says : The en chanting hues w h ich
the moun ta in exh ib ited that even ing I S hall never fo r
get ; I could have s tood r iveted to the spot ga z ing , ,

t ill s ight had fa iled me on th e sno wy crest O f Mou nt .

Hermon I t w as no such w h ite as the sno w fi el ds o f

.
-

our o wn country present The sett ing sun trans .

formed it to a peach blossom t int opaque an d yet -

,

transparent w h ite and yet comb in ing a t housand

,

Th is w h ite o f He r mo n s bro w it is t he blend

’
S hades .
,

ing o f the seven p r im it ive colors in the pr ism or in the

”
cl ouds ,
colorless and yet all hues are in it
, .

Upon one o f th e south ern spurs o f Mount Hermon ,

and probably in the v ic in ity o f Caesarea Ph il ipp i it w as ,

’
that on e o f the most remarkable events o f Christ s
earthly l ife took place .

In all the m iracles w hich in extraordinary pro fus i on

came from his han d not a s ingle one had been e x er
,

cise d upon his o w n pe r son He had ra ised the dead .

,
 LI G H T T R I UM PHA N T .
73

healed the most desperate diseases c ast out d emons ,

fro m persons possesse d changed w ater to w ine and

, ,

mult ipl ied b rea d; but h e had n ever in any manner

w r ought in his o wn behal f nor in any w ay changed ,

h imsel f It is true that his face at t imes assum ed an

.

exp r ess ion w h ich filled spectators w ith awe bu t t here

w as in it noth ing m iraculous The only approach thus.

fa r in his history to a m iracle upon his o w n per s on

w as the act o f w alk ing upon the w ater in a sto r my
n ight If he w ere a pretender seek ing to be w il de r
.

the peopl e or if in a superstit ious age unsk il ful

, , ,

inventors o f fict ion or mo ulders o f myths ha d at

tempted to dep ict a rel ig ious hero it w ould be natural , ,

almost certain that some augmentation o f his personal

,

appearance would h ave been attempted B ut there is .

a s ingular modesty in the sac r ed narrat ives respect ing

the person o f Jesus Only the most unconsc ious h ints
.

fall out in respect to his bear ing He neve r d ilated in.

sta t ure nor da z z l ed men w ith sudden e fful gence In

,
.

later days superst itious art indeed p ut a hal o about

, ,

his head and gave him d istinct ive phys ical marks Of
,

D ivin ity But th is is w orse than invent ion it is fal se

.

w itness Jesus scrupulously avo ided anyth ing w h ich

.

S hould rende r him pe r sonally consp icuous He w as .

“ ”
l ike unto his bre thren .

The occas ion m ust b e deemed extraord inary then , ,

on w h ich Jesus sho uld change his personal a p pearance .

The scene o f the t ran sfig u r a t io n is narrated by the

three Ev angel ists Matth e w Ma rk and Luk e b ut not
, , , ,

by John tho ug h he w as a w itness o f it

, .

Leav ing his other disc iples b elo w he took Peter , ,

James and John and ascen ded a h igh mo u nt al n for

, ,

purpose s o f d evot ion No one w ho has exper ienced

.
74 LI G H T T R I UIIIPII A N T .

the solemn exh ilarat ion o f soul w h ich comes upon h igh
m ounta in s w ill w onder that Jesus loved mounta in s fo r
plac e s o f devot ion .

It w ould see m that w h il e h e w as pray ing the disc i

ples fell asleep A w aken ing they saw the ir mas ter
.
,

s t an ding w ith t w o glor ious forms w h ich w e r e Moses ,

an d E l ij a h,
— the great la w g iver and the g reat r e
fo r me r re ve red by the J e w s above all other names in
,

the ir h is to ry If the s e sp ir its o f j ust men made p er

.
-

fe e t appea r e d to them in glory ho w much more w ere ,

they ama z ed to b ehold Je sus The fash ion o f his coun

.

t e n anc e w as alte r ed His face did sh ine as the sun

. .

His ra imen t b ecame sh in ing exceed ing w h ite and , ,

gl is ten ing as the very l igh t so as n o full er on earth

,

could w h iten it What w as all th is ? The theme o f

.

conversat ion w as to them as st range as the r ad iancy

o f the company Moses and El ias w ere commun ing
.

w ith Jesus o f his app roach ing su ff er ings and death !

They had hea r d the sto r y from the l ips o f Je s us be

fo re b u t ne ithe r then nor no w co uld they comprehend
,

it. Ho w long the heavenly v is ion lasted w e kno w not .

No w ord w as s poken by the d isc iples t ill these g r eat

Names o f the Old D is pensat ion had fin ishe d the ir
solemn conve rse w ith the D iv ine foun der o f th e Ne w .

The scene over w hel med the d isc iples Peter as one .
,

w ho talk s in his sleep proposed that they should b u ild

,

booths or tabern a cl e s fo r each o f t he r a diant actor s

, ,

in th is be w ilde r ing coll oquy “

not kno wing w hat he
,
”
sa id fo r they w ere so r e a fraid
, B ut the scene w as .

n o t en ded . A l um inous clo ud overhung the moun ta in

.

and envelope d t hem ; the ir fear w as increased as it

cam e upon and brooded over them F r om o ut t he .

inter ior o f th is cloud came a vo ice say ing This is my , ,

 LI G H T TR I UM PHAN T .
75

bel oved S on in whom I

,
m well p l eased;
a hear y e him .

Fear dissolved the ir strength They fell w it h the ir

“

faces to th e g round as in a s w oon ,

Jesus consol ed .

them He la id his hands upon them and sa id Arise

.
, , ,
”
and be not a fraid .

Th is is not ex p re s sly c all ed a m ir acl e ; b ut it is not

poss ible to b e expla ined on othe r grounds Was it a .

dream o f the disc iples ? Or a w ak ing from Sl eep did

they see the ir maste r stan ding w it h his for mrel ieve d
,

u po n the glo w ing he ights o f sno wy Hermon seem ing ,

h imsel f to b e lum in ous because stand ing in the re

fl e ct e d l ight ? Y e t n o one w ho has e ver looked at
even ing upon a tre e aga inst the background o f a gl o w
ing sunse t sky b ut kn o w s that t he tree l ies bl ack
,

aga inst the S k y Noth ing w ould have more sharply

.

l im ited an d d efined the opaque form o f Jesus t han the

sh in ing back ground o f Hermon The n oble form s o f .

the proph ets w ere the y O p t ical illus ions ? The d e

,

scend ing cloud fl ush ed w ith l igh t the vo ice sound ing
, ,

out from w ith in its folds and ab ove all the solemn , , ,

testimony to th e D ivin ity o f the ir master — w ere all ,

these parts o f the m ag ic w rought by that magn ificen t

Hermo n ? Is it not eas ier to accep t a m iracle tha n
s uch an explanat ion ?
The t ra ns fi g ura t io n as it w as the most subl ime o f
,

the m iracles o f Jesus S O w as it the most secl uded I t

, .

w as h idden fro m the S ight o f the pe opl e No t even all .

o f his t w elve d isc iples w itnessed it ; three only w e r e

spec ially selected No t Hermon itsel f su rpassed it in
.

s o l it ar ine Ss nor equalled it in S il en t g randeur

, Jesus .

spec ially charged the three to keep the vis ion as a

sacred secre t until after his su ffer ings and resurrect ion .

Was th is th en an event w h ich w as to find it s uses

, ,
76 LI G H T TR I U MP HAN T .

excl us ively in Jesus h imsel f ? Those w ho have noticed

the sadn e ss w h ich had fallen u pon him his anx iety fo r ,

the futu re o f his dis c iples the fo rebo ding s o f his r e

,

i a nd o f his contumel ious su ffer ing and d eath

je c t o n ,

a nd w ho call to m ind th a t in a late r scene O f so r r o w

angel s w e r e sen t to com fo r t him w ill not d oub t that

,

th is sac red co nference w as de s igned p r imar ily to con

sol e and re fresh the hea r t o f the Sav iou r Indeed .
,

from th is hour Jesus seems l ike one w ho is consc iously

t ravell ing to ward a g r eat t r agedy w it h the cal mness
o f a pu r pose unalte r ably fixed There came t imes o f
.

overshado wing gr ie f b ut no struggl e excep t the last

,

in G e thsemane .

By th is heavenly v is ion also his d isc ipl es w ere to

, ,

b e stead fastly held w hen everyth ing on w h ich the ir

ho p es had rested should be s w ep t a w ay It is imp o s .

s ible to root out th e false notion o f a l ifelong ed uca

t ion by the force O f w or ds m ere l y F r o m ch ildhood .

they had been taugh t o ut o f the ir Sacred Writ ings that

the Mess iah S hould found an earthly k ingdom and that ,

h e should rule forever They had heard it at the ir

.

mothe rs knees The synagogue d w el t upon it Rev

’
.
.

e r e n d teachers d ispu t ing upon other th ings agre ed in

, ,

th is. Such teach ing does not c r eate in the m ind

vague notions w h ich m ay b e t aken do w n at w ill l ike ,

a ga r ment to b e ea sily re fash ioned By some fi e r ce

,
.

fire they may b e d ra w n forth but not by any mere ,

d idactic instruc t ion .

C erta in e ffects o f c hildhood t ra in ing rema in b ut l it

tl e changed even w hen r ipe ye ar s have changed men s ’

ph ilo s op hy Super s t it ions rema in as feel ings long a ft er

.

our intellect disca r ds them The moral sense holds on

.

in secre t even w he n a l ife o f w ickedness has covered

,
 LI G H T TR I UMPHAN T .
77

it over w ith po isonous v ines Some prej ud ices some .

,

supe r stitions some fals ities can b e fully done a w ay

, ,

w ith only by some w rench such as an ear t hquake g ives ,

by some s hock w h ic h shall overmast e r the mo ral sense

th r ough the imag inat ion o r the e motions Thus w as .

Paul deal t w ith near D amascus .

There must come a t ime w hen Jesu s w ould no

longer b e the one man w ho m all the people revered :

That po w er w h ich e ve n the unreason ing force o f

,

nat ure obeye d w ould see m to forsake him

, The rulers .

w ould hold him in capt iv ity The Roman governmen t .

w ould extend n o protect ion an d w oul d w ithdra w all ,

restra int from th e pass ions o f the Je w ish rule r s The .

d isc iples w oul d b ehol d him j udge d cro w ned w ith ,

thorns scorn fully desp ised and w ithout po w er to b r eak

, ,

a band to cast O ff the “cross to res is t his persecuto r s or

, , ,

to escape fro m them They w ould see him cruc ified

.
,

and then w he n the ston e shut him into the sep ulchre
, ,

w hat w ould the w hol e w orld b e to thes e helpless creat

u re s b ut a tomb ? B ut if w h ile floa t ing darkly ac r oss
,

th is d ead sea there should come to them not aga in

, ,

the ir Master w alk ing on the w aves b ut the ir m emory ,

o f him glor ified and attested and o f those spect r al w it,

nesses Moses and El ias in w hom w as person ifie d the

, ,

nation s pat riot is m an d rel ig ion there w ould b e a

’

hope a fa ith though feeble that yet w ould not b e

, , ,

ext ingu ished and w o uld hold them stead fast in th e

,

alleg iance o f love in s p ite o f d isaster and the adverse

c ur r ent o f p ubl ic feel ing The impressions w h ich the
.

r eason rece ives th r ough the imag in a t ion are more last

ing than any other ; and though the mounta in v is ion

w as rece ived th r ough th e senses it s w hole influence ,

must have b een to k indle through the imag inat ion a

78 LI G HT TR I UM P II A N T .

r el ig ious enthus iasm that w ould end ure even when the
s ight o f t he eye s s hould fa il them .

Why sho uld Moses and El ias have b een cho s en ,

rathe r than Abrah am Sam uel o r D av id ? G reatly as

, ,

t hese al l w e r e reve r ed by the Je w s ye t Moses w as the

,

o rgan iz e r o f t he Je w is h r e l ig ious syst e m a n d El ias w as

,

the g rea t e s t r e forme r that had ever a risen und er it .

T he w it ne ss o f th e s e t w o nat ional w orth ies w ould be

mo re impress ive th a n o f any others If th is adaptat ion
.

to t he e ffe cts to be produce d upon the human m ind be

ad m itted it w ill open a s ide quest ion o f d e ep interest ;
,

nam e ly w hethe r in the m in is t rat ion o f angels w h ich is

,

ta ught in Sac r ed Sc r iptu r es there is n o t the same

me r c iful adapta t ion to per s onal w an t s and w h ether w e
,
'

may not che rish w ithout faul t the feel ing t hat those
w ho have l oved u s most w is ely on ea r th are not de
p a ted to b e our guard ians It w oul d seem reasonabl e
.

that those w ho w e r e dra w n to us w it h most inten s e

per sonal sympathy w ould b est fulfil the merc iful in
tents o f D iv ine Love .

A part o f t w o days w as spent upon th e mounta in ;

b ut w e have no c l e w or h int by w h ich t o determ ine
w hether the t r an s fig u r a t io n t ook place in the even ing
o f the on e o r the morn ing o f the other In descen ding
“
fr o m the mounta in on th e next day the disc ipl es ,

quest ion Jesus as to a d ifficulty w h ich the Sc ribes bad

ev idently ra ise d in the ir m in ds in some o f the ir contro
vers ies Why say the Scr ibes that El ij ah m ust come
.

btf or e the Me s s iah ? Jesu s decla r e s that John th e Bap

t is t ans w ered to El ij a h and then r e ite rat e s his de cl a
,

ra t ions that the Me s s iah d id not come to re ign w ith

“ ”
tempo ral po w e r but to su ffer many th ings
,
They .

hea r d it w it h the out ward ear ; b ut it w as long b e fore

80 LI G H T T RI UM PHA N T .

of gr ie f at the impo tency o f the ir fa ith Je s us com ,

man ds the ch ild to be b r ough t to him Even in t he .

w t o f com ing a te r r ible spa s m be fell him In his an .

g uish the f ather cr ie s If tho u cans t do any th ing have

, ,

compas s ion on us and hel p us ; thus w ith tr ue pater

, ,

nal l o ve identify ing h im s el f w ith the ch ild

, .

If thou canst bel ieve, al l thiny s ar e

p ossibl e to him that
bel ieveth .

W ith an outb urst o f intense des ire and su ffused w ith ,

“
tears the father says
,
Lo r d I b el ieve ; help tho u , ,
”
m ine unbel ie f Th is is t r ue natu r e not inven t ion
.
, .

It w as that v iol ence w h ich take s th e k ingdom o f heaven

by force W ith far more sol emn ity and w ith mo r e
.

c irc umstance o f co mmand than usual Jesus sa id Thou , ,

dumb and deaf sp irit I chary e thee come out of him and
, ,

enter no mor e into him He thus opened the door o f .

cure and shut it aga in aga inst all r e entrance

,
-
.

The scene w as imp r ess ive to the last deg r ee and ,

p ro foundly a ffe cted all that w itnessed it Even the .

Scr ibe s w ho had be e n cav ill ing w ith t he disc iples over
,

the ir fa il ure seem not to have O pened the ir l ips Even

,
.

more important though less s t rik ing to the senses w as

, ,

the sce n e an d d isclo s ure w h ich took place w hen a fter

w ar ds the d isc ipl es came to him pr ivately and aske d ,
”
“
Why could not w e cast him out ? Jesu s in his ,

rep l y opens in a rema rkabl e manner his v ie w o f the

,

h idden po w er o f the human soul to control phys ic al

th ings There can b e no j ust do ub t that Jesus taught
.

t hat there is a h igher po w er in the human soul than

men kno w o f ; that th is po w er is natu r al and normal ,

to b e sought by approp riate me thods l ike any other ; ,

that the soul is c reated to devel o p it s h ighest force

under the d ir ect stimulus o f the D iv ine Sp ir it ; that
 LI G H T TR I UM PHA N T . 81

men can reach up into that S phere w here the ir facult ies
w ill d e velop these h idden fo r ce s ; that if th is h igher ,
’
l ife is not r eached it is man s o w n faul t
,
.

Whatever shade o f mean ing may be attached to the

“
term fa ith in the apostol ic pe r iod it seems pla in ,

tha t b y that term Jesus des ignated an intens ive e nt hu

siasm o f mo r al conv ict ion and w ill It w as n ot s imply .

a state it w as an imperative f or ce One w ho atten

,
.

t iv e l y con s iders the va r ious instances in w h ic h Jesus

stirred up the soul s o f men to fa ith as the cond ition o f
b esto w ing u pon them his bless ings can ha rdly avo id
th is conv iction Why could not w e cast him o ut ?
.

Beca use o f you r unb el ie f fo r ve rily I say unto you ,

If ye have fa it h as a gra in o f mustard seed ye shall -

,

say un to th is mounta in Remove hence to yonder ,

pl ace and it S hall r emove ; an d noth ing S hall be im

,

po s s ible to you Ho w b e it th is k ind goeth not o ut b ut

.

” “
by p r ayer and fast ing ( Matt xv ii 2.0 Th is . .
,

k ind demanded fa it h that had po w er ; the fait h that

enlarges the sce p e o f h uma n w ill and the s phere o f its
facul t ies ; the fa it h t hat O pens the soul to the D iv ine
influence exalts in s p ires re in forces by such a un ion
, , , ,

so that o n e may use so to S peak the D iv ine force in a

, ,

l im ite d S phe r e as in o r d inary m oods men use natural

,

forces o r l a w s .

Retu r n ing to Capernaum through G al ilee Jesus ,

ma intains a str ic t reserve We n o longer b ehold .

c r o w ds nor l isten to d iscou r ses nor w itness that pro

, ,

fu s ion o f med ical m iracles w h ich fo r months had mad e

Lo w e r G al ile e a va s t hosp ital and his l ife l ike the da ily
,

r o und s o f a phys ic ian He goes l it tle ab road He

. .

l ives in secl us ion w it h his d isc iple s and broods them as ,

a hen gathers her ch ickens un der her w ing Y e t in .

VO L 1 1 . .
—6
82 LI G H T TR I UM P HA N T .

th is hidden qu ie t — fo r he w oul d not that any man

should kno w o f his return to Capernaum from Upper
G al ilee Jesus w as w ag ing a confl ict as mo men tous as
any w h ich engaged his hear t unt il his last great v ic
t o r io us d e feat His k ingdom w as not to be establ ished
.

by m iracle s It dw elt in the hea r ts o f men In that

. .

inv is ible sphere w here thoughts sp ring w here feel ings ,

a nd m ot ive s take the ir r is e he w as to lay it s course

,
.

As his o w n e arthly l ife w as n o w soon to close w hat ,

had he accompl ished ? He had stir r ed the commun ity

p ro fo undly ; b ut as a sea smooths it s w aves w hen the
w ind d ies so w oul d th e cu r r ents o f l ife fl o w on the ir
,

w ay as soon as he had gone He had u ttered pro .

fo und truths bu t they w e r e un w r itten and l ived only

, ,

in m en s m emo r ie s
’
His death th e supre m e exp r es
.
,

s ion o f his l ife w oul d b e fr u itless unless it should be

,

inte rp r eted by a l iv ing sympathy to m ean un iversal

l ove ,
— love not r ec e iv ing b ut g iv ing se r v ing s acr i
, , ,

fi c ing .To p r epa re men to be w itne sses fo r him

r equ ir ed s o meth ing mo re than that they s hould be
s pec tato r s o f his outw ard l ife and g l o r ious in famy .

They must come into sympathy w ith his very nature .

Al l the fal s e l ights k indl ed by selfishness m ust be put

out a nd the soul r e ill um ined by the glo w o f D ivine
,

love .

The fe w inc idents w h ich come to t he su rface fr om

out the se depths o f ret irement w ill pla inly e n o u gh
s ho w t he ea r nestness o f Jesus to in s p ire sympathy and

confid ence in h im s el f a S p ir itual v ie w o f his k ingdom

, ,

and the element s o f that fa ith w h ich w as to ca r ry his

follo w e rs thro ugh th e da rkness to the l ight b eyond ,

an d then make them to rch b earers o f truth to all t he-

w orld .
Te nt u u iu c n m —N at t 1 7 2 7

D R A C HM A —Lu k e 1 5 8

S HE K E L —
Ma t t 1 7 2 7

LEI T O N
'
.
—i\ l ark 12 42 .

T ET R A D R AC HM ( Aug us t us )
—M a t t . 2 6 : 1 5 .

I ) EN \ R IUS —
M at t 2 2 1 9

Co n s M UV I IO N ED is T HE Goe Ls .
 LI GH T TR I UMPHAN T . 83

T he Evangel ists record the w onder insp ired by his

t each ing in p r ivate and the k ind o f instruction
,
.

L et these dow n i
say iny s sinh
nto y o ur ear s f or th e S on

of M an sha ll be betr ay ed into the hand s of men, and they

shal l hil l him and af ter that he is l ul l ed he shal l r ise the ,

thir d day .

The artless Evangel ists recall the p itiabl e con fus ion
into w h ich s uch w o r ds th r e w the d isc ip l es N o t one .

o f them not even John sprang to mee t th e mean ing

, ,

w ith a spark o f sp ir itual intell igence Th ey fl o u nde r e d

.

in sorro w and m y stery Th e ir duln e ss made them

.

“
ashamed They understood not that say ing and
.
,

they w ere a fra id to ask him .

A str ik ing inc ident occu r red at Capernau m dur ing

th is his last stay there A tax collector inqu ires o f
.
-

Pete r w hethe r his master pa id t ribute Com ing in t o .

the house Jesus a w are that Peter had r epl ied affi r ma
, ,

t iv el y inqu ires w hether k ings take tr ibu te o f the ir

,

o w n subj ects or o f conqu ere d people

,
Of fore igne r s .
,

o f course Then I and m ine be ing above all earthly

.
,

r ule rs should go fre e

,
He thus intens ifies in his dis
.

c ip l e s the asse r t ion o f his o w n royalty B ut to th ose .

outs ide th is cla im w oul d b e w orse than mean ingle s s ;

,

and so he command e d Pe ter w ho as a fi s herman ,

w ould feel the force o f s uch a m iracle to cast his hook ,

into the lake and in th e mouth o f th e first fish taken

,

there shoul d b e found the m oney re q uired fo r the

tr ib ute Th is m iracl e to u s w ho have n o n eed o f it
.
, , ,

may se em as med ic ine does to a w ell man B ut it w as .

w isely adap t ed to ke e p al ive in th e hearts o f his dis

cip l e s a sense o f his D iv ine po w e r Compared w ith .

the grande ur o f place and the magn ificence o f the phe

n o me na the t ra nsfi g ura t io n seems far more nobl e than
,
84 L] G II T T R I UIII PHA N T .

th is num ismatic m iracle o f the fish B ut it is doub tful .

w hether upon ye t ru de m inded fi s hermen that moun

-

tain scene w as as conv inc ing as one w rought with in

the fam il ia r bounds o f the ir homely occupat ion An .

oak o r g igan t ic Cal ifo rn ian t ree is mo re impress ive

than gra ss ; and y e t a m iracl e that shoul d cause gras s
to s p r ing up in the w ilderness w ould come qu ite as
n e a r ho me to a her ds man s he art as the u psp ring ing o f
’

a grove o f oaks or a fore s t o f p ines .

The seem ing part ial ity sho w n in selecting Peter ,

James and John s e e m s to have d ev e l o p ed amon g t he

,

dis c iples am b it ion and j ealousy The quest io n o f the ir

.

relat ive me rits came u p among themselves They .

could no t ban ish the id ea o f a n e w k ingd om and o f

secular glory T he mos t ex pl ic it and sol emn asseve ra
.

t ions t hat the Mess iah must su ffer and die could no t
r oot o ut the deep seated Je w is h expectat ion o f a n
-

earthly mo narchy As they walke d on o n e occa s ion

.
, ,

in or near Capernaum th is was the to p ic o f discou rs e

, ,

an d the po in t rea s oned a nd soon d is puted amo ng th e m

w as w ho shou l d be the greatest ! Afte r such long in
t imacy and teach ing w as th is all that t he pe rsonal
,

presence o f such a fr iend as Jesus cou l d p rod uce ?

What so il must that be on w h ich such seed y iel ded
only these fru its ? Why not dispossess them and
choose others ?
Instead o f th is h e ann ounces to them a pr inc ipl e o f
con duct w h ich c uts O ff selfish amb it ion by the roots ,

a p rinc iple w h ich the w orld is slo w to l earn It w ill .

neve r come to its t r ue st rength unt il it does l ea rn ,

If any man desir e to be fl rst the ,

me shal l be l ast of
sa all ,

an dser vant (f W ith t he g e n tlene s s o f a mother he

al l .
,

took a yo ung ch ild (bl essed be the mothe r w hose ch il d

86 LI G H T TR I UM P HA N T .

It w as sel f seek ing amb it ion the bl indness w h ich all

-
,

selfishness produce s w h ich made it impo ss ible fo r the

,

disc iple s to un de rs tand the t r ue Mes s iah When the ir .

o w n natu r es had been fired by the Holy Sp ir it at the

Pentecost and exalted into an hero ic state then th e

, ,

scales fell from the ir eyes and t hro ugh th e ir hea r ts ,

they inte rp r eted that w h ich by the ir reason they never

could compa ss .

In connect ion w ith th is d ispute o f amb it ion another ,

strik ing inc ide nt occur r e d The d isc iples sent out to .
,

teach natu rally cop ied the manners o f the r el ig iou s

,

teache r s o f the ir nation took on the a ir s o f au thor ,

ity and treated those w ho d iffe r ed from them w ith

,
“
sever ity It w as John w ho r epo r ted M a ste r w e saw
.
, ,

one casting ou t dev ils in thy name and he follo w eth ,

not u s ; and w e fo rbade him because he follo w eth not ,

us . Jesus teaches them on the contrary the grea t , ,

t ruth o f tol erat ion and love Le t every man w ork .

unh indered w ho is a im ing in the r ight d irection ho w ,

~

ever impe r fectly he may labo r More and more m en .

,

w ill w ork to w ard the pure and the true who have in
them the S p iritual leaven if they be no t rudely deal t ,

w ith and th e ir de fensory pass ions exc ited

,
A s man .

develops an d soc iety pe r fec t s it s me thods author ity

, ,

w ill gro w l ess in po w e r and influence more ,

For au .

t ho rity is n ext o f k in to fo r ce and is in l eague w ith it ,

.

Influence is an attraction o f natu r e and stands in the ,

real ity o f th ings and ea s ily all ies itsel f to t r uth on the
,

one s ide and l ibe r ty on the other .

Jesus then d istinctly placed h imsel f as t he centre Of

al l moral developm en t After w a r d he decla r ed that
.

men w ere related to him fo r sp ir itual l ife in the same

way as the branches o f a v ine are to the central stem .
 LI G H T TR I UM PHA N T . 87

The a ffin it ies o f D iv ine love are such that all w ho are
in sympathy w ith him become a part o f his l ife The .

sl ightest k indness done to his fr iends is d one to him .

Love n eeds no explanat ion o f th is feel ing ; favors to

o ur ch ild r en and to those tenderly l o v ed come to us as
through a lens magn ified In l ike manner an inj ury to
,
.

one o f his l ittle ones w ill b e a stroke upon the Sav iour s
hea r t Jesus then p r ed icts the su ffer ings in c ident to
.

those w ho follo w him intens ifi es t he nee d o f r is ing

,

into sp ir itual sy mpathy w ith him by th e sacr ifice o f all

those car nal feel ing s pr id e van ity avarice amb ition
, , , , ,

w h ich had al r eady b egun to S ho w the ir w ork ings in

his d isc iples The hand the foot and the eye are
.
, ,

the th r ee instr uments most u sed As they must be c ut .

o ff and plucke d out if necessary to save b od ily l ife ,

s o the m aster p ass ions o f the soul w h ich p r eva il in ,

soc iety must b e sub dued to love and gentlen ess John
,
.

a fter ward l earned th is lesson As yet he w as ful l o f .

untamed pass ion .

In tak ing a l ittle ch ild fo r a text Jesus makes on e ,

declaration w h ich must forever rema in a treasure o f

consolation to all w ho have early l ost the ir l ittle ones .

Talee heed that y e desp ise not one of these l ittl e ones f or I
say unto y ou, That in heaven their any el s do al wa s behol d the
y
f m
f y
ace o F ather which is in heaven . I t is not the will b
f
y our F ather which is in heaven, that one of these l ittl e ones
shoul d er ish Whatever interpretat ion b e put upon
p .

”
the ph rase the ir angel s it m ust s ign ify that be fo r e
,

G o d l ittl e ch ildren are n ot forgotten b ut are dearly ,

love d and guarded Our ch ildren dy ing go to a

.
, ,

larger love a dea r er home than earth kno w s ho w to

, ,

b u ild Like youn g b irds hatched in t he far nor t h

.
,

w hen autumn comes they fly to w a r d the south The .

88 LI G H T TR I UM PHAN T .

ne s t is emp ty upon a leafless tree b ut the nestl ing is ,

s ing ing in an all the yea r sum mer - -

.

He lays do w n t he r ule s by wh ich quarrels shall be

settled among b r e thren an d in that connect ion h e ,

g ive s to t he w hol e company o f his d isc ipl es the p r e

ro ga t iv e s w h ich some hav e cla imed excl us ively fo r
Pe ter . Whatsoev er y e shall bind on ear th shall be boundin
hea ven : an dwhatsoev er y e shal l l oose on ear th shal l be l oosed
in heaven teach es that the j u dgments and
. Thus he
dec is ions o f good men w h e n the ir souls ar e in sym ,

p athy w ith G o d w ill b e found to b e in harmony w it h

,

“
t he D iv ine econ omy and w ill w ork together w ith ,

the nature o f th ings and w ith that D iv in e Provid ence

w h ich uses them and is foun ded on t hem .

Such teach ings could not b ut stir up a mult itud e o f

quest ions among others that w h ich Peter brought
, ,

to him Lo r d ho w o ft shall my brother sin aga inst

, ,
”
me and I forg ive him ? t ill seven t imes ?
,

U ntil times
'

sev enty seve n .

Un forg iven o ffences may b e counted ; b ut forg ive

n ess ann ih ilates Forg iveness l ike a style upon a w ax
.
,

tablet cancels ; l ike a sponge it w ipes out the w riting

, ,

on a sl ate Fo rg iveness is not anger h eld in suspense

.

or revenge l ike a h al f tamed do g cha ined It is a

,
-
,
.

Supreme and ab s olute d is charge Love w hen it fo r .

,

g ives fo rge ts It is only selfishness that rakes up an

,
.

O ffe n
ce under ashes t hat it may keep t ill mo rn ing and ,

be k indled a fre sh Love is royal fo r it has lea r ned

.
,

w hat only G o d can teach how to f ory ive — n ot from ,

interest o r conc il iat ion or subm iss ion or flattery b ut

, , , ,

b ecause love cannot hol d anger .

To stamp th is most need ed o f all lessons upon t he

hearts o f those w ho w ere soon to be subj ec t to every
 CHAPTER X X III .

F A R EW E LL T O G A LI LEE .

THE summ er w as past Octob er had com e ; not as

.
,

w it h u s full o f harvests and flush w ith r ipeness o f the

, ,

yea r b ut sere and fad ing an d w ith s igns o f w inter

, , .

The ha r vests o f gra in and o f fru its beg in ning as early

, ,

as Ap r il co n tinued through the season un til the end o f

,

September a t w h ich per iod the w heat the barley the

, , ,

pul s e the grape the date the fig the ol ive had been
, , , ,

gathe r e d and the labor and j oy o f harvest ing w as

,

ove r For in Pal est ine as in other O riental lands the

.
,

peasant ry mad e the seasons o f ingathe ring per iods o f

j oy Men w omen and ch ild r en w ent together into the
.
, ,

fi eld s Except o f the very aged and the s ick v illages

.
,

w ere le ft empty Even the cattl e the goats and t he

.
, ,

c ackl ing fo w ls w ere d r iven out an d follo w ed the glean

ers p ick ing u p food Al l along the plains and up the

,
.

h ills ides the cro w d w as vocal T he shouts o f la ughter .

,

s ongs or choruses rose up in every direction Thus

, .

gayety d rove a w ay dru dgery and the harvest fi el d ,

-

devel oped the j oyous soc ial l ife o f the count ry people .

B ut it w as not enough that such spontaneous glad

n ess filled the land Moses had o r da ined that the bar
.

ve s t season should close w ith a grand n ational festival .

T here w as a t ime in the ir h is tory w hen Israel so w ed no

fi elds and reaped no harvests The ir b read fel l fr om .
 FAR E W ELL To G A LILEE . 91

heaven as the de w They w ere d ependent upon th e .

da ily love o f Jehov ah When they had b ecome pos .

sessed o f v ineyards and ol ive groves and fields o f g ra in -

,

it w a s fi t that a h a rvest thanksg iv ing S hould b e assoc i -

ated w ith the memo ry o f th e ir w ande rin g l ives The .

th ird g r and festival o f the year that o f the Tabernacles , ,

w as a seven days thanksg iv ing fo r the fru its o f th e

’
-

field as w ell as a memor ial o f the desert l ife o f the

,

Je w s They w ere n ot to d w ell in houses d u r ing it s

.

continuance but in booths or tabernacles mad e w ith

1
,
“ b anches boughs o f th ick trees and
r o f palm tree s -
, ,
”
w illo w s o f the brook It w as a national camp me et .
-

ing The first and e ighth days w ere to b e kep t as

.

solemn rel ig ious days The other s ix w ere hal f festi .

-

vals d u ring w h ich a fter certa in sacrifices and rel ig ious

, ,

services had b een pe rformed the t ime w as g iven up to ,

social enj oyment But even the soc ial festiv ities w ere .

to have the ir lessons .

The househol d w as to take in all that served as w ell

as the more honorable members o f the fam ily Thou ,

and t hy son an d t hy daughte r and thy man serv ant

, ,
-
,
”
and thy maid servant Thus in the hour o f j oy and
-
.
,

o f rel ig ion all w ere ra ised to an equal ity

, No r w ere the .

1 A l so in t he fi ft
venth mont h w hen y e have g th ed
eent h day of t he se ,
a er

in t he f uit f t he l nd y e h l l k p
r o f ast u nt t h L d sev en d y
a ,
n s a ee a e o e or a s: o

t he fi st d y h ll b
r a s bb t h
a S n d n t he e i ht h d
a
g yes h ll b e a s bb t h
a a ,
a . o a a a a .

A ndy e hall t ke y u o n t h fi t d y t he b o u ghs f g dly t es b nch

s a o e rs a o oo re ,
ra es

of p l m t
a e and t he b u gh
-
re s, f t hi k t e nd wi ll w f t he b k nd
o s o c re s, a o s o ro o a

y e h ll
s
j i b f
a t he L rd y u r G d sev en d y
re o ce e o re And y e h ll k p o o o a s .
s a ee

it fe t u n t t he Lo d
a as ven d y in t he ye : it hall be t t ut e f v r
o r se a s ar s a s a ore e

in y u g n
o t i n ; y sh ll
r e era l b t it in t h eventh m nt h Y h ll
o e a ce e ra e e s o . e s a

dwell in b ooth s v n d y ; l l t h t a e I l i t b n h ll dwell in

s e e a s a a r sr ae es or s a

b t hs ; Th t y o u g n
oo t i n m y kn w t h t I m d t h
a r e hi ld en o f I
er a l o a o a a e e c r srae

t d w ll in b o t h w h n I b u ght t h m u t f t he l and o f Egyp t : I am

o e o s, e ro e o o

th L d y ur G d Levit i u s xx ii i 3 9 —
e or o 43 o . c . .
92 F A R E IVE LL T O G A L IL EE.

r ites o f hosp ital ity and h uman ity to b e neglected ; fo r ,

in th is fe s t ival o f un ive rs al j oy they w e r e to r e c e ive ,

”
and ente r ta in in th e ir sev e ral g roup s th e Lev ite ,

w ho hav ing no po s ses s ions o f l an d depended on t he

, ,

“
genero s ity o f th e p eople the s tranger and the , ,

fath e rless a nd the w id o w that are w ith in thy gates

, , .

NO one w ho has w it nesse d the soc ial exc itemen t

w h ich pervades a commun ity as t he C h r istmas fe s t ival
or a Ne w England Thank sg iv ing dra w s near w ill be at ,

lo s s to und e rs t and the fe el ing o f the d is c ipl es as they

s a w ca r avan s ar r iv ing eve ry ho u r fr o m the north or

w est and the commun ity around them m ov ing o ff in

,

bands from hour to hour to w a r d Jerusalem That .

sac red ho me can never mean to u s w hat it did to

devout Je w s It w as a w o r d full o f p ictures a sound
.
,

that evoked the m ost solemn and j oy ful emotions I t .

w a s a m irr o r in w h ich w as reflected th e w onde r ful his

tory o f the past It w as the n ation al ta l isman gua r d
.

ing the future Je r usalem w as l ike a sea and into it

.
,

empt ied t he streams o f peopl e fr om the north fr om ,

the w es t and from the south l ike a r ive r augmenting

, ,

at eve ry l e ag ue by the access ion o f s ide rills from to w n

and v illage .

T he dis c ipl e s too l onged to j o in the march

, ,
Jesus .

did not w is h the p ubl ic ity w h ich had become danger ,

ous and o p p r ess ive His reluctance w as m is inte rp r eted

.

by his fam ily They j u dged him by the standa r d o f

.

common l ife w ithou t the sl ightest sympathy w ith his

,

inte r io r l ife an d pu r po s e His large and gen ial l ife.

,

his great hea r tedne s s his inces s an t labo r s o f h uman ity

-
, ,

his d iscou r s e w h ich s ound ed all the depth s o f S p ir itual

,

truth his r a diant miracl e s shone upon the ir da r k and

, ,

“
d ull hearts b ut the da rkness comp r ehended it not
, .
94 F A R E W ELL T o G A LILEE .

w h ile th ey b u ild and w h il e they rear the ir young ,

b ut a fter that a re s ilent and l inge r some days as if ,

gather ing st r e ngth fo r the ir m igration So Jesus .

l inge red in G al ilee though h e w r ought no more by

,

hand or vo ice B ut am idst scenes endeared to him

.
,

by assoc iat ions o f ch ildhood and o f r ipe manhood his ,

thoughts w an de r ed and his heart w as on it s w ay to

the g r eat c ity o f his su ffer ings And it cam e to pass
.

w hen the t ime w as come that h e should be rece ived

up he stead fastly set his fa ce to go to Jerusalem
, .

S uch language w ould seem to imply that his disc i

ples or others sol ic ited him to rene w ed activ ity b ut ,

that his sp irit w as absent ; his though ts d w el t a far

upon inv is ible themes Y e t presen tly he aroused
.

himsel f and began his j ourney as it w ere in secret

, ,
.

’
One day s j ourney ing w ould not tak e them o ut from
the fam il iar range o f his c ircu its and t he r e w ould b e ,

no lack o f ho sp ital ity at n ight But on the seco n d .

day they w oul d reach the Sama r itan terr itory and it ,

w oul d be n e ed ful to make p r ov ision fo r the enter

t ain me n t o f his disc iples He sent for w ard some o f
.

them p r obably James and John to secu r e enterta in

, ,

ment B u t w hen the v illagers saw that as a J e w

.

h e w as on his w ay to Je r usalem all the ir secta r ian ,

feel ings w ere arou s ed : they w ould not rece ive him ;
w he r eat these z e al o us dis cip l es inflamed w ith anger
'

, ,

w ould have dealt w it h s ecta r ian ism in a summary man

n er . W il t thou that w e command fire to come do w n
”
fro m heaven to consume th em ? B ut such a w ish
w as itsel f l ike a flame fr om the p it No t by v iol ence .

w ill me n e ver b e l ifted above the ir impe rfect ions .

“ ’
The Son o f Man is n o t com e to destroy men s l ives ,
”
but to save them T here spake the G o d and r e
.
,
 FAR E W ELL To G ALI LEE .
95

veal ed the gen ius o f un iversal d iv ine government ,

w ork ing from death to w ard l ife .

On th is final j ourney Jesus rene w s his labors It .

w as fresh ground He sen t out seventy o f his adhe r

.

ents w ith the same charge b e fore g iven to his t w elve

d isc iples Ho w much o f the l ife o f Jesus is le ft n u
.

w r itten is sho w n by our ignorance o f such an event as

th is He le ft G al ilee in a purposely obscure manner
. .

When did the multitud e gather from w h ich h e chose

his seventy preachers ? Who w ere they and ho w had ,

they b eco me fit fo r so pec ul ia r a m in istry It is clear

that th is j o u r ney w h ich began so s ilently and secretly
gre w p ubl ic and finally blossome d out in full fragrance
,
.

Aga in popular enth us iasm fo r him began to r ise .

Many thronged to him and volunteered d isc iplesh ip .

To one he mad e the same reply as to the scr ibe on th e

shores o f G e n e sare th The most volatile and w ander
.

in g o f b irds have at least a nest th e most hate d and ,

hunted o f verm in has a home It is the Sav iour o f th e

.

world that hath no spot on it to call his o w n Is it the .

march o f the homeless the hated the doomed that

, , ,

tho u w o u ldst j o in ?
There came another o f such fitness that Jesus sa id
,

to him Follo w me
, .
”
Fit b ut not yet w holly w ill in g
,
.

No t w ill ing to re fuse nor to accept he sh ielded him ,

sel f by the claims o f paternal a ffect ion S ufi e r m e .

”
fi rst to go and b ury my fathe r There could b e no
.

nobler plea nor any S p irit so l ittl e l ikely to insp ire

,

fil ial ing ratitude as Chr ist s B ut Jesus saw that it w as

’
.

an attemp t to make a d uty the means o f avo id ing a

h igher duty It is by th is u nconsc ious s uper io r ity
.
,

w h ich overrul es all lo w er relation s in demand ing per

sonal alleg iance to h im s el f that the consc ious d iv in ity
,
96 FA R E W ELL To G A LI LEE .

of Jesus shone out Th is man s mo r al sense had b een

.
’

s ir it ually enl ightened

p H e had ackno w l edged Chr ist .

to h imsel f in inward sent iment and co nvict ion He .

s hrank fro m the out w a r d ac t ions w h ich true fa ith in

e v it a bl insp ir es A s a n ide al he accepted Ch r ist s

’

y .

k ingdom b ut there h e paused and shrank back

, No
man hav ing pu t his hand to the plough and look ing
”
back is fi t fo r the k ing dom o f G o d
,
N oth ing noble .

in l ife is eve r atta ined by langu id z eal The k ingdom .

o f heaven m ust su ffer v io l ence Whe ther in art in .

,

kno w le dge in refinement b ut more em inen tly than

, , ,

all in sp iritual po w er no man can be v icto rious w ho

, ,

does not p ut forth his best force and w ith u n rem itt ing ,

pers istence A soul that v ib r ates b etw een th ings h igh

.

and l o w good and ev il sp ir itual and secular l ike a

, , ,

pendul um w ill be forever travell ing w ithou t m ak ing

,

any p rogress .

At the entrance o f a v illage ten lepers m e t him .

They stood apart and fro m far o ff c r ied to Jesus fo r

,

rel ie f When a leper w as heale d be fore he could have

.
,

free acce s s aga in to soc iety Moses requ ired that he ,

should b e ins p ected by a p r iest and ce r t ified o f his cu r e .

When there fore Jesus comman ded these lepers to go

, ,

and S ho w them s elves t o the p r iests they w ere alrea dy ,

heale d and as th ey w ent they perce ived it Nin e

, ,
.

Je ws it is probabl e an d one Sa ma r it an ma de u p the

w retched company — fo r in extreme misery even s e e
, , ,

t ar ia nis m d is a p pea rs and Je w s and Samar itans could ,

m ingl e t ogether if only they had the lep r osy Of the .

n ine w e hear no t h ing The Samar it an s eem ingly th e .

,

least l ikely one o f all touched w ith p ro found grat itu de , ,

follo w ed his feel ing s and turned back to g ive thanks to

his bene factor .
98 FA R E W E LL To G A LI LEE .

as around the Sea o f G e ne sar e th I t w as not prudent .

to speak O penly Men w h is pered They disputed in

. .

corne rs and in s ide gathe r ings The great c ity s im .

m ered and bubbled w ith the heat There w as no ques .

t ion as to t he po w er o f th is G al ilean his w isdom his , ,

m iracles o r his per s onal pur ity The d ispute con

,
.

ce rn ed his publ ic relat ions Was his infl uence patriot ic

.

and rel ig iously good ? One part said “

He is a good ,

man but w it h equal intens ity others , lean ing to the

s ide o f the scr ibes repeated the ir arguments
,
“
He ,

dece iveth the peopl e He w as to th e regular author

.
”

it ies an ag itator a misleader w hose loose doctr ine and

, ,

lax p ractice w ould d estroy both faith and moral ity

His l ife must have b een rev ie w ed his deeds attacked ,

and de fend ed one an d another o f his m ir acles can

,

v ass e d
. There is a h int in the narrat ive that the heal
ing on the Sabbath day on a forme r v is it to Jeru s alem
, ,

o f the infirm m an at th e pool o f B e thesda had been ,

spec ially d es ignated as an instance o f his contempt fo r

the rel ig ious u sages o f the n ation And so th is sup .

p r essed exc itement cam e and w ent l ike coals in ashes .

B ut no on e cared to k indle an open controve rsy The .

rul ers w ere kno w n to b e O pposed to Jesus Men w ere .

a fraid to r isk the ir d is favor The re w as l ittle freedom .

o f consc ience Even th e fr ien ds o f Jesus had not the

.

courage bol dly to de fend his doctr in e and his practice .

I t w as Je s u s h imsel f w ho raked the ash es from th is

bed o f coals and w ith free and bold speech bl e w them
,
”
to a bla z e In the m idst o f the feast he appeared
. .

If he had h idd en h imsel f fo r w eeks past and ca me u p ,

”
from G al ilee as it w ere in secre t he no w thre w O ff ,

all rese r ve and move d w ith calm boldness upon the

,

path that led t o death .

 FAR E W ELL To G A LI LEE .
99

In the great cathedral l ike stoa or porch o f Herod

-
, ,

on the so uth sid e o f the Templ e sy s tem w here hun ,

dreds and thousands o f men gathere d dur ing the feast

fo r d iscourse Jes u s appeared and b egan a p ubl ic dis
, ,

course Aro und him w ere th e ch ie f men o f his nation

. .

He stood in the centre o f Je wis h fa ith and c iv il ity If .

it w as here that Jesus n o w b ega n to d iscou r se then ,

his aud ience w ould be made up o f scr ibes Phar isees , ,

S adducees and many o f the more intell igen t o f the

,

common people His ad d r ess w as not l ikely to be

.

such as th e Rabb is gave in the synagogues a d ust ,

clo ud o f ine ffable t rifl e s the m etaphys ics o f tr iv ial

,

punctil ios w ithout val ue or re fre s hme nt fo r the heart

,
.

When Jesus expounded the Scr iptures no w onder that ,

“ ”
the Je w s marvelled ! B ut t hese learned t rifl e rs
w ere n o t so much a ffected by the sp ir itual beauty and
depth o f his teach ing as by the fact that an u ne du
cat e d man coul d teach at all “
Ho w kno w eth th is
.

man letters [rel ig iou s l ite r ature ] hav ing never ,

lea r ned ? Certa inly Jesus had not b een ed ucate d in

the school o f the Rabb i ! The Je wish schoolmen w ould
not accep t the b est w heat unless it gre w upon the r ight
k ind o f stra w .Just s uch slaves o f r out ine and regu
l ar it y still ex ist ; the poorest o f fru it gro w ing upo n the
gra fted tree is by the m acco unted better than the no
blest fru it gro w ing upon it s o w n natural r oo t B ut he
‘

w ho can speak important truth is educated Educat ion .

is b ut the p ickaxe w h ich d igs o ut the gold and the ,

gold cares not when once co ined by w hat instrument

it came to the l ight B u t in every age S p ir itual pe dan
.

try demands that gold S hould be stamped w ith the

image and superscr ipt ion o f a school or a sect o r else ,

be accounte d base metal Jesus w as no w in confl ict

.
1 00 FA R E W ELL To G A LI LE E .

w it h the s elfi s hne s s o f r el ig io us ph il oso p hy and thus ,

me t it : I a m e d uca t e d G o d is my teacher
,
He w ho .

is in ha rm o ny w ith G o d w ill have dir ec t in s p ir at ion .

“
If a ny ma n w il l do his w ill he S hal l kno w o f the ,

doct rin e w h e ther it b e o f G o d

,
I am not magn ify .

ing my s el f or s t r iv ing to b uild a par ty I a m s eek ing

, ,

his glory that sent me Y ou do n o t pe rc e ive my sp ir it

. .

nor accept my m is s ion beca u se y o u are w itho ut S p ir it

,

ual pe rc e p t ions Ye do no t even keep the l aw o f

.

Mo s e s acco rding to its sp irit B ecause I teach you the

.

t r uth o f G o d fa r mo r e clea rly than it w as re vealed o f

old ye go abo ut to k ill me
, .

Th is cha rge s ur p r is ed his he ar e rs many o f w hom ,

kn e w no t h ing o f t he s cen es w h ich occ u r red after th e

he al ing o f t he infi r m man a t the pool O f Bethesda .

The s c r ibes k e p t s il e nce b ut the peopl e thought that

,

a man mu s t b e c raz y to im ag ine t hat his l ife w as

s ought ina s much as he s t ood teach ing w ithout hin
,

drane e in t he mo s t p ubl ic place in Jer us ale m T he .

dis co u rs e t hen t akes a w ide r r ange o f w h ich only ,

h int s a p p ea r in the Evangel is t The kee ping o f the .

Sabba t h is in t roduc e d ; the incons is tency o f the Pha r i

s e e s s harply po in te d o ut w ho w o uld c ircu mc ise a ch ild
,

o n t he S abba t h but w o ul d n o t per mit a s ick m an t o be

,

h e al ed Th us t he l etter w as placed h igher than the

.

s p ir it o f th e l a w .

We m ust n o t imag ine a compac t aud ience and a ,

consecut ive discou rs e such as D e mo s thenes w ould have

pronou nced in At hens Far mo r e nea rly the scene
.

re s embled a d ial ogue o f Soc rates w ith o ne and ano the r

w ho chanced to que s t ion him T he cro w d came a nd
.

w en t . Some on t he ou t sk irts w e r e blam ing him an ,

other c ir cl e w o uld be tak ing his part others stood in ,

1 02 F A R E W ELL T o G A LI LEE .

G al ilee , w ere far d ifferently a ffected Th is very v io .

lence o f the ir fello w s exc ited the ir sympathy When .

the Ano inte d cometh w ill h e d o more m iracles than

,

these w h ich th is man hath done ? The scr ibes and

Phar isees had seen his dangerous influence over the
peopl e in G al ilee They p r omptly me t th is r is ing e n
.

t hus ias m by send ing the o fficers o f the Sanhedr im

t o arrest Jesus I t w as b ette r if poss ible to s w eep

.
, ,

him a w ay by a sudden outbur s t o f po p ular fanat ic ism .

B ut if that fa iled then the l aw m ust be empl oyed .

The o ffi cers w ent fo r th to arrest a cul p r it and foun d ,

them selves in the p r esence o f an ine ffabl e person age

w hose d ign ity ove raw e d them and w hose ben ign ity
charmed them W ith a p ity ing sadness Jesus s aid to
.

them Yet a l ittl e whil e am I with y ou and then I yo unto

, ,

him that s ent me . me, and not fi nd me ; and

Ye shal l see/e

where I am, thither y e cannot come Th is is the lo ft iest .

language o f l iberty an d sove r e ign ty He w as t he most .

helpless and unde fend ed man in Jerusalem w ith over ,

w helm ing O d ds aga inst him Y e t he s inks th e coarse

.

agency o f m an and represents the un fold ing drama

,

as proce ed ing fr om his o wn vol ition The popular e u .

t husias m that rolled back the anger o f the S anhe dr im ,

the d elay o f the ir unr ip e counsels that seemed to b e

th e reasons o f his sa fe ty h e desc ribes s imply as th e r e
,
”
sul t s o f his p u r pose A l ittle w hil e I am w ith you !
.

The arrest the mockery o f a t r ial the b u ffet the c r oss

, , , ,

the S p ea r the sepulchre w e r e me r e in fe r ior acc idents

, , ,

as it w ere o f his h isto ry These w ere but the methods

, . ,

the motive po w e r w as his o w n sovere ign w ill Then I

- .

o unto him that sent me A s Jesus d re w near to the

y .

cl ose o f his ea r thly exper ience h e S poke more and ,

more in the language o f one w ho saw all th ings in the ir

 FAR E W ELL To G A LI LEE . 1 03

large sp iritual l iberty and kne w that the v is ibl e w as as

, ,

it w ere only the g r o s s shado w o f the inv is ibl e real ity

, ,

distorted by the r ude surfaces upon w h ich it fell The .

incessan t play o f doubl e mean ings o f paradox the , ,

vagueness and d isconnection o ft en seen are natural to ,

one w ho attempts to exp r ess in the language o f the

flesh thoughts that are born in t he l ib erty o f the in
v is ible and the ine ffable Language w h ich w ould dis
.

gu ise the tr u t h to a sp ir it may serve to reveal some

,

gl impses o f it to a man The transparent m o isture

.

w h ich glo w s in the atmosphere b e fore it can re fresh

,

the so il must l ose it s brightness and fall do w n from

o ut o f dark cl ouds .

B ut w e are not to conce ive o f J esus as in th e Temple

l ike a p ure marble statue stand in g in it s o wn b eau ty ,

w ithout sympathy w ith those that throng it s b ase .

The scenes that w e r e tak ing place could not b e w ithou t

interest to him if fo r no other reason b ecause they
,

filled the multitude w ith so m uch enj oyment For th e .

Feast o f the Tab ernacl e w as above all others a festival

o f j oy . Whe n the morn ing broke on each day o f t he
,

seven a band o f p r iests w en t do w n to the bank o f

,

S iloam and b ro ught u p thence golden p itchers full o f

w ater . A scend ing to the upper portions o f th e Temple ,

am idst cro w ds o f men w av ing palm branches the ,

p riests poured the w ater into p er fo r ate d s tone bas ins

adj o in ing the altar w h ile othe r p riests meeting them
,

poured out w ine in l ik e mann er D ur ing th is cere

.

mony th e grand Hallel w as chanted (Psal ms cx iii .

cxv iii) The sacr ifices w ere O fl e r e d eve r y day w ith

.
,

great state and pecul iar sol emn ity ; and yet such w as
the atmosph ere o f soc ial gladness sur r ound ing all th ese
s erv ices that the Rabb is w e r e accustomed to say He ,
1 04 F AR E W ELL To G A LILEE .

w ho has seen th e s e fe s t iv it ie s kn o w s not w hat

no t
”
j ub ilee is I t could n o t b e that Jesu s w ho had all
.
,

his l ife lo ng sho w n a w a r m sympathy w it h the man

ne rs and customs o f his people an d w ho from ye ar ,

to ye ar had a scen ded to the g r eat na t io nal fe s t ival s .

s houl d all a t once w alk among these sce n e s o f gladne s s

l ike a mou r ner o r an ab se nt m ind ed r eve r is t F rom -

.

day to day he doubtl es s took par t in the serv ices It .

w as out o f such in te rcou rse that his discou r s e s s p r ang .

It w as such un ive rsal sympathy w ith the peo pl e that

dre w the people to him in turn w ith s uch w arm sym
pathy He w as one o f them
. present ing to t he ir ey es
,

not another and diff erent be ing from themsel v es b ut ,

the ir o wn very selves c ar r ied up into that h igh and

perfect form w h ich in the ir b etter p u r er m ood s e v e ry ,

one w is hed to atta in ; one tem p ted in all po ints l ike

as w e ar e and yet w ithout sin
,

Th is fest ival lasted seve n d ays ; b ut an e ighth w as

adde d as a day o f holy convocat ion It w as on th is
,
.

“
last day th e great day o f the fea s t that Je s us c r ie d
, ,

out If any man thir st l et him come unto me anddr ink He

, , .

that bel ieveth on me, as the s cr i

p tur e hath said,
o ut o
f his
bel ly fl shal l f i
ow r v er s ( noth ing
l iving water
in . There is
these w or ds to an ord ina ry appreh ens ion w h ich shoul d
produce sud den emot ion .

It is not l ikely that the Je w s in t h is s ingle case

w oul d have perce ived t he deep mea n ing o f such w or ds ,

unless they had b een uttered in a manner so imp res

s ive and by one w ho fo r t he moment assumed s uch a
,

grandeu r o f appear ance (n o t u nl ike pe r haps his aspect , ,

upon the Moun t o f T ran sfiguration ) as to ove r a w e his

heare rs w ith his div ine dign ity For many cried ou t .
,

Of a truth th is is the Pr ophet Othe r s more de fl .

,
1 00 FA R E W E LL To G A LI LE E .

Nicode mus
’
s h ead l ike an alabaster box -
of stench ful
O dor .

pr iests w ent h ome T he people d ispersed Jesus

The . .

w ent fo r th o u t o f the c ity ac r oss to the Mount o f

Ol ives The even ing came on wit h rest and holy com
.

mun ion an d in his booth Jesus found a re fuge from

,

the exc ite ment o f the Temple !

 CHAPTER XX I V .

C O N S CI O US D IVI NI TY .

THE early summ er is full o f gayety The tender .

leaves the repeated sho w ers th e w on der ful s w arms o f

, ,

insects the industry o f b irds b u ild ing in every tree or

, ,

beneath shel ter ing eaves or under brush or tu ft ed

,

g rass in the fiel ds the outb urst o f morn ing song fro m
,

w h ich interm ittent r ills o f s w eet sounds fl o w all through

the day the r ise o f success ive ranks o f flo w ers the
, ,

un ivers al enterpr ise o f n ature g ive to summer all the

,

energ ies o f youth and the prod uctiveness o f manhood .

But the autumn seems r iche r stronger more b eautiful

, ,
.

O v er it s m il d days hangs an atmosph ere surc harge d

w ith color The fiel ds are p r oud w ith fru its
. The air .

is full o f nameless odors A n d yet tho u gh th e forests

.
,

are w ild w ith gorgeous colo rs and the w hol e earth is

,

redolent w it h beauty there is a sobr iety eve n a sad

, ,

ness w h ich tem p e r s the hours a nd takes from per

,

fumed r ipeness t he appearance o f d isplay an d thro w s ,

a sp iritual elemen t over all the sensuous beauty .

The last fe w months o f the l ife o f Jesus w e re autum

nal full o f r ipeness r ich in b eauty b ut pervaded w ith
, , ,

an in descr ibably serene sadness T here w as about him .

a d iv ine atmosphere .

He was never so calmly seren e or so earnestly ten

der His sp irit played back and forth b etween mag is
.
1 08 C ON S CI O US D1 VI N / T

t e r ial ste rnness an d pers onal a ffect ion The l io n and .

the lamb w ere s u re ly dw ell ing together ! The div in ity

that w as in him no longe r fl as he d in term itt ingly b u t ,

s hon e n o w w it h full s t re ngth In the s e la s t day s come .

out in t o s t r o ng rel ie f t he r ichn ess and inten s ity o f his

pe rsonal a ffec t ion His p r ivate conver sat ions are full
.

o f s a c r ed love I t w as no t s imply that his great S oul

.

ov e rhu ng his fr iend s as the h eaven s overa r ch the fields ,

fill in g the flo w e rs w ith heat by day and cool ing th em

w it h de w s by n ight It w a s l ike a mo t he r s a love r s
.
’

,
’

a fr iend s b ut la r ger than e ither deepe r than all I t

’

, , .

w as near cl ing ing c o nfi ding j oy insp ir ing

, , There is ,
-
.

s ometh ing exceed ingly a ffect ing in the need o f b e ing

loved as Jesus m an ifests He su ffered from the se l fi sh .

ness o f his fello w countrymen To be doubted p ie rced

-
.

him w ith pang s He yearned fo r love and found it

.
,

b ut in s mall m easure and impe rfect in k in d Y e t he .

gathe r ed the w o rldly h earts and b rooded them as a ,

hen gath ereth he r ch ickens under her w ings .

If his a ffe ctio n see me d mo r e r ipe and r ich w hat ,

s hall w e say o f his teach ing ? It fa irly e ffulged His

. .

ea rl ie r pa r ab l es ap t bu t s imple and fo r the most part

, ,

b rie f almo s t apoth egmatic g r e w mo re in n umber

, , ,

ampl itude and d ign ity S uch pa rabl es as th e Pr od ig al

,
.

S o n O pen th e deepest el eme n t o f div ine gove r nment in

p icto r ial v iv idne ss His o w n cond uct uncon sc iousl y
.

s ume d as it w as w it h the old p r o p het s a parabol ic fo r m

, ,
.

I t n ee de d onl y a fo r mal a pp l ic at io n and the curs ing

’

o f t he ba r ren fi g tree w as on e o f his m os t solemn

-

par able s hav ing in it an element o f p rophecy as w ell

,
.

His compa s s ion fo r the poo r a nd fo r those that ,

w ere out o f the w ay w as never so st r ik ing as in the

,

last days o f his career I l is adve rsar ie s in var iou s w ay s

.
 C ON S CI O US D I VI N I T Y . 1 09

strove to break the influence w h ich th is gave to him

a mong the common peopl e A str ik ing case illustrates .

t he ir man agement .

The sc r ib es and Phar isees d r agged into the Temple ,

w here he w as teach ing on one occas ion a w oman taken ,

in a dultery By the Mosa ic code th is cr ime w as pun

.

is habl e w ith death Both morals and manners had

.

become too lax fo r the en fo r cemen t o f th is l aw ; and

thoug h it m ight occa s ionally fo r som e spec ial reason , ,

be rev ive d ye t it had fo r a long t ime falle n into dis

,

use The last men in the land t o p ress fo r its r igoro us

.

en forcement w ere the lead ing m en abo ut the Templ e .

Indeed the v irtue o f the w hol e comm un ity had becom e

ta inted Th is spec ies o f immoral ity w as notoriou sly
.

common among the most dis t ingu is hed Rabb is Wha t .

did they ca r e fo r publ ic morals that they S ho ul d h unt ,

do w n th is w oman ? She w a s no braz en creatu r e gar ,

r ul o u s and impu d ent She s tood in shame and s ilence

. .

She had s inne d but she had not yet corrupted her
,

consc ience Among themselves these scr ibes and

.

“
Phar isees m ay be imag ined as say ing Th is fello w ,

goes up an d do w n inve igh ing as it happens to please ,

him aga inst th e custo ms o f the nat ion and se tting

, ,

as ide our la w s ; an d because he is k ind to the poor and

gentl e to the des p icable fools among th e rabbl e th ey ,

a r e runn ing a fter him Le t us see w hat w ill come o f

.

his gen tleness If he da r e to a nnul a l aw o f Moses w e

.
,

w ill impale him on that ; b ut if t o avo id that h e con

demus th is w oman the p e opl e w ill s e e w hat all his p ity
,
”
co mes to . An d so they br ing the shr ink ing culp rit ,

and pol itely inqu ire w ith orthodox emphas is on eve ry

,

w ord , Ma s ter M O S ES in the l a w commanded us that

, , ,

such sho uld be stone d ; but w hat sayest T HO U ,

110 C ON S CI O US D I VI N I T Y .

Jesus had an air o f abstract ion Men in d ee p .

though t O ften sco r e figure s upon the ir de s k or w ith ,

a cane upon the gro und ; and Jesu s stooped do w n

and w ith his finge r w rote upon the g round as though
, , ,
”
he heard them not They glanced at each other a
.

look o f tr iumph He w as pu z z led and w ould escape

.
,

by s ilence ! Push it home dr ive him to ans w er ! ,

“
S O w hen they cont in ued ask ing he l ifted up him
sel f and surely cas t ing upon one and an other that
,

p ie r c ing look cal m b ut unbearably scorch ing he r e

, ,

“
pl ied Le t him that is w itho ut s in among y ou cast th e
,

fi rs t stone As a maste r ma r ksman turns qu ietly

.
-

a w ay a ft e r fi 1 ing and leaves others to exam ine the

,

target so aga in he stooped do w n an d w rote upon

,

the grou nd The deep s ilence w as brok en only by

.

the impertinent g iggle o f the people w ho saw t he force ,

o f th is home thrust and enj oyed the change o f face

,

w h ich came over the s e cra fty old men There w as a .

’
moment s pause and then a rustl ing o f l ong go w ns as
, ,

one Rabb i a fter ano ther be t hought him o f s ome errand

and stole forth The case w as fin ished They had
. .

rece ived the ir ans w er The ir anx ie ty about Moses and

.

th e l aw and the pur ity o f w oman w as allev iated !

, ,

When the last shu ffl ing footstep d ied a way Je sus ,

ro s e . The shamed w oman had not sought escape .

She stood w ait ing in s ilence S he felt the presence o f .

a d iv in ity w h ich the consec rated men had m issed .

Hath no m an condemned thee ? No man Lord

”
,

Ne ither do I con de mn thee : go and sin no more ,

.

No t a j ud ic ial condemnat ion ; b ut that w ord sin no

mor e did it n ot fill her soul w it h n e w impulses o f v ir
,

tue ? What need o f setting her gu ilt be fore her o f ,

st irring her heart w ith angu ish o f demand ing a l ife o f ,

 1 C ON S CI O US D I VI N I T

g reatn ess o f it s st rength he sub dues al l th ings p ie rc

, ,

ing w it h a rm s o f fie r ce l ight and heat and dr iv ing all ,

creatu re s t o t he ir cove r ts to h ide themse l ves from the

heat thereo f .

Is it sur p ris ing that t he old Hebre w p roph ets w ho ,

em ployed every o bj ect and aspect o f a v is ible w orld to

illustr a t e th e ir thoughts S hould have ma de t he sun the
,

ch ie f symb ol o f div in ity and l ight t he grand r e p re,

s e n t a t iv e o f moral truth ? D av id sa id F or the Lor d ,

G od is a sun Who has n ot seen in ea rly m orn ing

.

rays o f l ight l ike feathe rs and S p r ead o ut l ike w ings , ,

j ust be fo re the s un rose O ver the hor iz on to rev ive

the earth ? Mal ach i se iz es that aspec t : U nto y ou that
ar my name shal l the s un of r i h
f e g teousness ar ise with heal ,

The Psalm ist r egard s the l ight as th e

'

ing in his uangs .

sh in ing o f G od s face ; it is the w h ite ra iment w ith

’

w h ich G o d covers h imsel f : W ho cover est thy self with

l ight as with a gar ment Isa iah com forts me n w ho a re
.

fa ith ful in adv ers ity : The Lor d shal l be to thee an ever
l asting l i ht A s in th e progre s s o f ages th e id ea of a
g .

Mess iah wa s mo r e and m ore fully de velope d and a dim ,

glo w o f p r ophet ic l igh t hung over the future the ex ,

u l t an t p rophet cr ies : Th as come ;

y ig
l ht h the
g y f
l or o

the Lor d is r isen u

p on thee . F or behol ddar hness shall cover

the ear th, an d gr oss dar hness the p eop l e but the Lor d shal l
ar ise u on
p thee, and his gl ory shal l be seen u on
p thee . In
s hort l ight had become a sacred symb ol and t he
, ,
sun
an embl e m o f div in ity .

I t w as n o t l ong a fter the scene w h ich w e have r e

coun ted that Je s us w h il e teach ing in the Templ e called
, ,

out to t he people in the p r e sence o f sc ribes and Phar i

sees I um
,
th e Lig f
ht o the wor l d ! If such an excl a ma
t ion hushe d them fo r a momen t w ith su r p rise t hat ,
 C ON S CI O US DI VI N I T Y . 1 13

w h ich follo w ed aroused them to anger He that fo l l ow

e th me shall no t wal k in dark ness , bu t shall hav e the light
o
f l ife
.Fro m b ut one b e ing in the un iverse could

such language fl o w w ith propr iety It w ould have .

seem ed an insan ity m Moses even w hen descen ding ,

from S ina i It w ould have been audac ious in El ij ah in

.

his w ildest insp irations even if they had fall en fro m the
,

ascend ing chariot o f fire Isa iah in the loftiest mood .

,

o f insp ire d poetry and prophesy ing coul d not have ,

thus S poke n o f h imsel f w ithout a shock ing immodesty .

To the scr ibes and Phar isees they seemed a p r e p o s

ter e us egotism a superlative arrogance It is a l ie !
,
.

Y o u are boast ing about yoursel f Thou bear es t r ecor d .

of th sel h r eco r d is no t t r ue
y f t y .

At that focal po int w here the language o f the O ld

,

Testament had r isen to it s greates t intens ity and w hen ,

all the subl imest figures poured do w n upon the fu ture

Mess iah there Jesus had take n his stand and an
, ,

n o unce d to his adversaries that w h ich they r ightl

y
understood as a claim that the glorious prophec ies o f
the Mess iah met and w ere fulfille d in him ! To the ir
pas sionate reply he calmly ans w ered that they w ere
not competen t to j u dge o f his d iv in ity Ye canno t tel l .

w hence I co me andw hither I g o y e j u d e a ter the fl esh

g f .

His in w ard l ife w as j o ined to that o f G o d The d iv in e .

consciousness w as so v ivid in that brain that though ,

stand ing alone in that multit ude he b oldly declar es ,

that there w ere t wo w itnesses I t is wr itten in your l aw

tha t the tes timony of tw o is tr u e I am o ne tha t bear .

witness of myself and the F a ther that ha th s en t me bear

,

e th w itness o
f m e W ith a sneer . the y ask Where is ,
”
thy Father ? Br iefly he ended th e controversy look ,

ing do w n upon them glo w er ing w ith rage and med i

VO L . 11 .
—8
1 14 C ON S C I O US D I VI N I T Y .

tating blood by declar ing that both h imsel f and his

,

Father d w el t in a sphere w h ich gross natures l ike

the irs could not pene t rate Ye neither k now me nor .

my F a ther If ye had k no wn me y e shou l d hav e k nown

.
,

my F a ther al s o At every w ord his assumpt ion o f di

.

v in ity shone b r ighter and b r ighter To the Je w s such .

a claim in any one w ould have been blasphemous ;

bu t in th is man th is ignorant G al ilean th is misch ie f
, ,

mak ing fello w w ho had turmo iled the prov ince w ith
,

his impudence an d had com e to Jerusalem to ra il at

,

const ituted au thorities an d pour contemp t on holy cus

toms and a sacred r itual it w as in tol e r able It is pla in,
.

that they w ere on th e eve o f tear ing him to p ieces .

Hundreds had b e fore th is been suddenl y murd ered in

an hour o f fanatical rage They had him n o w in the ir .

”
po w e r separate d from th e people in the Treasury
,
'

, ,

a po r tion o f the Woman s Court in the inter ior o f the ’

Templ e It seemed to his d isc iples probably that he

.
, ,

w as saved by a direct interpos it ion o f Pr ov id ence fo r ,

they say and no man l aid hands on him ; for his hour
,

w as no t y et co me .

Th is a s sumpt ion o f l ight as his proper symbol was a

k ind o f second t ran sfigu rat io n After an interval b ut .
,

w h ile the exc itement yet ran h igh the controversy ,

w as resumed Jesus speak ing cont inually fr om an in

,

w ard div in e consc iousness and from the plane o f the ,

sp ir it ; his adversar ies re ply ing from the lo w est plane

o f th e senses and from corrupt pass ions It is not
,
.

l ik ely that the same me n carr ied on w ith him th is

remarkable colloquy It w as in these d iscuss ions that
.

the rulers and scr ib es first felt fully the fo rce o f th is

man and became al ive to the imposs ib il ity o f us ing
,

him or prevent ing him from al ienat ing the people

,
116 C ON S CI O US DI VI N I T Y.

from the first a pro found calmness in deal in g with the

h ighest range o f moral truth .

There w as 1 1 0 flash o f insp iration b ut a S impl e l ook ,

ing upon fam il iar themes There w as a developmen t

.

in his l ife and teach ings but there w as never the a ir

,

o f d iscovery t he exc itemen t o f one who has reached

,

novel and unexpected truths He moved among .

thoughts o f t he infin ite and the ine ffable w ith the

qu ietness o f sp ir it and comple teness o f comprehens ion
o f one w ho had al w ays kno w n them His cla im to .

compan ionsh ip w ith G o d w as accompan ied by a tran

qu ill ity o f soul w h ich to us can be interpreted in no
w ay so near ly as by the term w h ich he con tinual ly
employed Father There w as never any sense o f sin
,
.

fulness nor a s ingle exp r ess ion o f pen itence nor one
, ,

aspec t o f that aw e w h ich consc ious w eakness has in the

presence o f po w er There w as no su r prise or p rO p he t ic
.

r apture at glor io us ins igh ts o f the heavenly state and

o f the d iv in e glory These th ings had been present

.

t o him fr om the ete rn it ies It is at j ust th is po int

.
,

w here the v is ible an d the inv is ibl e m ee t that men are ,

m ost eager and exc ited The yearn ing to k n o w the nu

.

kn o w abl e t he v ague se nse o f an unattainable beauty

, ,

the gl impses o f tru th and v is ions o f ine fl abl e excel

,

l ence w ork a fermentation in susceptibl e natures and

, ,

keep them in a s w eet b ut to ilsome e agerness and dis

qu iet But along that l ine the soul o f Jesus moved
.

w ith s ing ular calmness n ever flushed w ith the S ight o f

,

heavenly th ings never hasten ing his S peed as if fear

,

in g to lose the v is ion Th is repose o f S p ir it in th e

.

d ivin e presence th is tranqu il movement o f his thoughts

,

among themes w h ich task and ag itate the lo ftiest

human souls th is extre me o f sens ib il ity to the pure and
,
 CON S CI O US DI VI N I T Y . 117

the true j o ined to entire restfulness is the u nerring

, ,

S ign o f heavenly breed ing .

B ut ho w could Jes us ev idence his d iv in ity to th e

coa r se and pass ionate natures w hose key note w as the -

shrillest selfishness in whom th e S p ir itual sens ib il ity

,

w as dead or torp id ? Wo r ds are b ut interpretat ions o f

vagu e sens ib il ities in us al r eady ex isting What proo f .

could there b e o f moral s w eetness to mal ignant p ride o f ,

gen tleness and tenderness in po w er to hars h and cr uel

men ? The presence o f d iv in ity is the proo f o f d iv in ity ,

as beau ty is the only demonstration o f b eauty and ,

goodness the only poss ible proof o f goodness .

It is th is that g ives to the conve rsations o f Jesus

w ith his adversar ies the pecul iar complex ion that they
have When y e have l if tedup the S on of Al an then y e shal l
.

k no w that I am he and that I do nothing of my self : but as

,

my F ather hath taught me I sp eak these things And he that .

sent me is with me the F ather hath not l eft me al one : f or I

do al way s those things whichp l ease him The impres s ion
.

already made u pon the better natures among his

h ea r ers was deepened by these w ords Th e y do not .

seem to have a spec ial force as they stand be fore us .

B u t if w h il e h e cal mly asse r ted his a ffil iat ion w ith t he

Father there fell upon him the l ight o f heavenly s w ee t
ness if his face b eamed w ith the j oy o f such thoughts
,

as S prung from th e dep ths o f his home an d t he bo s om o f

his Fath er w e may w ell suppose that his w ords carr ied
,

w e ight w ith every honest soul endo w e d w ith moral sen

s ibil it
y A n d
.A s he s ak e these wor d
p s man bel iev edon him
y .

We are not to suppose that the discourse selected

here w as as catechetically condensed as it appea r s in the
’
text o f John s G ospel Without doubt h ere is b ut the
.

s ubstance the mere po int s w h ile the w ide c ircu its the
, , ,
1 18 C ON S C I O US D I VI N I T Y .

interrupt ions , t he lapse o f t ime th e explanat ions w h ich,

ca rried th e sp eech back and forth a r e not marked ,

do w n Such colloqu ial d iscourses as those w h ich Jesu s

.

utte r ed in t he Te mpl e and else w he r e re s embl e the p as

sage through a w ide all uv ial meado w o f a full b r ook ,

at ev e ry rock or t r ee s w ing ing round in grace ful cir

cu it s changed by every ob s tacl e into some ne w curve
,

o f b eauty an d a fter w ide s w eeps w ith ve r dant b anks

, , ,

comes back o ften almost to the ve ry po int at w h ich it

entered the level field Every m ile it compa ss es five
.

m iles .

It w as w hen th e stream had flo w ed on a w h ile that

those w ho b el ieved u pon him sho w ed s igns o f be ing
S haken Jesus sa id If y e continue in my wor d then ar e
.
, ,

y emy discip l es indeed, and y e shal l k now the tr uth, and

the tr uth shal l mak e y ou f r ee When the w hol e hem i .

sp here o f t ranscend en t experience w h ich these w or ds

O pen is con s idered on e fe els a s hamed that only such
,
“
fr u it as th is w as r ipened : We b e Ab raham s seed ’

and w e r e never in bon dage to any man : ho w sayest

thou ; Ye shal l be made f r ee ? T he d iscourse is not
”

no w confined to th e fe w that bel ieved b ut are fall ing

aga in in t o the slough O f Je wish national pr ide T he .

log ic o f J esus s reply is n ot that o f extens ive r elat ion

’

bu t the subl ime log ic o f S p iritual tru th He that S ins is .

a sl ave to sin Y e are sl aves there fore and l iabl e to

.
, ,

be sold ou t o f the fam ily The Son alone ab ides o f .

r igh t If he emanc ipa t es you then you emerge into

.
,

real l iberty No w I am the Son I can cl ear you fr om

.
,
.

bon dage If my teach ing seems vague and myster ious

.
,

it is b ecause it is heavenly ; it is div in e I t is from .

my Father B ut your actions flo w fr om your earthly

.

nature and are der ived from your father

, .
1 20 C ONS CI O US DI VI N I T Y .

pragmat ical Phar isee shallo w conce ited carel ess o f

, , ,

moral truth b ut absurdly consc ientious ab out t rifl e s

, ,

these w ords must have come as the hot iron o f the sur
geon cauter iz ing mal ignant sores .

Men express so much as they can o f the e ffect pro

duc e d by an act or q ual ity u pon them an d call that ,

exp ress ion truth But it is pla in that noth ing can b e
.

true b ut the ex istence itsel f o f w h ich he S peaks The .

reduct ion o f an exper ience to language is a d im in ish

ing o f the ampl itude and freedom o f the th ing itsel f to
the pr ison house o f w ords The truth o f love and o f
-
.

“
lov ing is not expressed by the w ords love and lov
”
ing . The th ing itsel f r ises into the inexpress ible and ,

w ords only serve to po int men to w ard that w h ich is

above w ords If one has the heart to recogn iz e such
.

experience h e understands ; if not h e cannot rece ive

, ,

it
. Jesus hab itually spoke to the ed ucate d Je w s as one
w ho saw the truth not as it shone out o f w ords b ut as
, ,

it ex isted above an d b eyond all w ords in it s o wn sel f , .

He did not charge upon them sin in it s spec ific act ions ,

but in that w hole d ispos ition w h ich made the ir very

b eing an o rb o f s in fulness They l ived in the ir fl e shl y
.

natu r e The ir noble r faculties w ere employed to g ive

.

intens ity to the lo w er nature Pr ide ostentat ious hy

.
,

p o cr is
y inord,
inate sp ir itual conce it the mask ing o f ,

avar ic e an d sting iness by boasted l iberal ity the g iv ing ,

to co n cup iscence o f every k ind the sanctions o f rel ig ion ,

al l these w ere b ut the ou t w ork ing o f a w hole d is

pos ition that moved in harmony w ith ev il Al l the .

tender el ements o f pure love p ity s incerity gentle , , ,

ness trust fidel ity b eauty b enevolen ce w ere bl ighted

, , , , ,

by the ir influence .

It w as not an extravagance o f impat ience or anger

 C ONS CI O US DI VI NI T Y . 1 21

that l ed Jesus to pronounce them ch il dren o f the D ev il ,

nor to style that ev il sp irit w hose w hole move ment

and influence was to destroy good a murderer from
the beg inn ing .

It is plain that it is impossible fo r essential vulgar ity

o f sp ir it to comprehen d del icacy and refinement The .

essential sp ir it o f avar ice cannot understand generos ity .

A glutton cannot kno w the pleasure o f temperance .

Hate and envy can not sympath iz e w ith lov ing k ind -

ness nor cruel ty w ith tender merc ies Men w ho w ere

,
.

thoroughly corrupt could not und erstan d even h uman

tr uth as men essen t ially good and still less r ise to an
,

in tu ition o f d iv ine th ings The s ingle sentence o f

.

Jesus He that is of G od hear eth G ods wor ds y e ther e

’

or e hear them not because f G d th is i a

f y e ar e not o o s ,

touchstone I t tells human character and class ifies

.

men not by any artificial tests b ut by the very nature

, ,

o f the ir be ing .

The ch ie fs 1 1 0 longer attempt to reason they retort ,

w ith O pprob r ious ep ithets The hat e ful l e st name kno w n

.

to a J e w w as Samaritan B ut a Samar itan w ith a dev il

.

w as od iousness r u n mad Thou art a Samar itan and

.

”
hast a dev il !
Jesus declares t hat such a charge d ishonored the
essential truth o f his l ife ; that his w hole b e ing honored
G o d and G o d w ill seek and rece ive his servant s honor
’

, .

I have not a devil

but I honor my F ather and y e do dis
honor me and I seek not m own
y l
g y or ther e is one that

seek eth an d j ud
g eth Then
r is in g as it w ere into the
.
, ,

very realm o f inv is ible truth and speak ing o f w ord s as

,

if he meant that w hole in ward l ife w h ich he had in

common w ith G o d w ith sol emn emphas is he sa id Ver ily
, , ,

ver ily I say unto y ou if a man k ee

, p my wor ds he shall nev er ,
1 22 C ON S CI O US DI VI N I T Y .

s ee death .arro w S hot far over the ir heads They

The .

“
bl indly reply No w w e kno w tha t tho u hast a dev il
,
.

Abraham is dead A r t tho u greate r than our

.

father Abraham w h ich is dead ? and the prophets ,

”
( w h ich ) are dead ? Whom makest tho u thysel f ?
J s us ans wer e
e
d, If I honor my self, my ho nor is nothing it
"
is my F ather that honor eth me, Ly whom y e say , that he is
o ur G od Yet e have not k nown him ; but I k now him
y y .
,

an d if I shoul dsay I know him not, I shal l be a l iar l ik e unto

y ou : but I k now him, an d k eep his say ing Your f ather .

A braham r e oiced to see

j my day and he saw it, and was

l ad
g .

St ill follo w ing his w ords in the ir lo w est phys ical ahd
l iteral sense they po int to his age not yet fifty as a
, , ,

re futat ion The cl imax w as reache d w hen w ithout

.
,

exc it em ent in the s impl ic ity o f his div ine consc iou s
,

ne s s Je s us repl ie d V riiy verily I say unto y ou B EFO RE

, ,
e
, ,

AB RA HA M W A S I A M ,
.

Th is w as w orse than insan ity I t w as an assump tion .

absolutely blasphemous in any man and it w as a ,

°

bla s phemy w h ich cut the more keenly b ecause it

took Ab raham in in it s w ay to w ard G o d The ir rage
,
.

b urst out Stones ! ston es ! These a rguments seem to

.

have b een kept ready in the Templ e to b e used in an

ex igency But in the w h irl as the e nraged men ran
.
,

fo r m iss iles Jesus qu ietly mov ing amo ng the cro w d

, , ,

so hid h imsel f as to escape his de adly enem ies .

I t is to b e noticed that though Jesus foresa w his o wn

‘

death a t the hands o f the rulers o f his p eO p l e an d the ,

certainty o f it is ever b e fore him he a w a its the une ,

d
’

q u iv o c al in icat ion O f his Father s w ill and never ,

rashly runs upon the inev itabl e event as one w eary o f ,

suspense and o f w a it ing .

1 24 C O NS CI O US DI W N I T Y .

a fact and not the occas ional p icture o f an evanescent

,

im ag inat ion .

The r e seems to have b een no sol ic itat ion on the part

o f t he bl ind man Jesus mad e a clay o intment so ften
.
,

ing the cl ay w ith sp ittle and apply ing it to his eyes

, ,

commanded him to go w ash in the pool o f S il oam .

His s ight be ing restored h e returned apparently to his

,

friend s No w the act ive commotion b eg ins

. The .

ne ighbor s con fer as to his identity and express all ,

sorts o f O p in ions The man is called and questione d

.
,

and g ives a reply w h ich sho w ed ho w the common peo

“
pl e heard Jesus spoken o f A man that is called .

”
Jesus he says has w rought the cure and he deta ils
, , ,

the manne r .

Next came the case be fore the Pharisees to w hom ,

he gave the same account o f himsel f One part o f .

the m thought n o man could b e holy w ho b roke the

Sabbath day by heal ing a bl ind man But o thers .

asked “
,
Ho w can a man that is a s inner do such m ira
cl es ? No t abl e to shake his test imony they began ,

to question w he ther the man had b een bl ind at all .

“
They set him as ide and called his parents Is th is
your son w ho ye say w as b orn bl ind ? Ho w then doth
,
”
he no w see ? They ans w ered boldly that it w as the ir
son and that he w as born bl ind ; b ut as t o his r esto ra
,

t ion they w ere t im idly cautious and see ing w hat w as ,

in the m in ds o f the Pha r isees they pro fessed to k no w ,

noth ing about the h eal ing b ut sh ifted the dangerou s ,

ans w ers over to the ir son He is o f age ; ask him.

.

It seems that an order had gone forth to restra in by

fear the con v ictions o f those w ho w ere incl ined to b e
l ieve in Jesus Whoever dared to g ive him co unt e
.

nance should b e excommun icated .

 C ON S CI O US DI VI N I T Y 1 25

The Phar isees return to the young man They .

assume a devo ut air as if to impress his rel ig ious fe ars

,
.

Y o u have been healed To G o d y o u o w e th e pra ise

.
,

not to man Be w are o f ascr ib ing a D iv ine mercy to

.

th is s in ful man Jesus ! The young man is o f sturd ier

stu ff than his parents and is not to be driven or
,

coaxed in to any attitude d ishonorable to his b ene factor .

Whether he be a s inner or n o I kno w not : one th ing ,

”
I k now that w hereas I w as bl ind n o w I see
,
They ,
.

rene w the inqu iry as to the process His temper fa ils . .

I have told you already w hy do you w ant to hear ,

again ? And w ith a udac ious p ertness he slaps the m in

the face w ith the iron ical inqu iry W ill ye also be his ,

d isc iples 7
The spa r k k indled a flame They b urs t o ut in to
.

“
rev il ings .Tho u art his d isc iple b ut w e are Moses ,
’

d isc iples We kno w that G o d spake unto Moses b u t

.
,
”
as fo r th is fello w w e kno w no t w hence h e is There .

w as one true w ord here fo r th is bra ve soul w as dis

'

c ip l e d and already had learne d a sermon fo r the m n o t

,

m
unbeco ing to his ne w master “
The man ans w e r ed
and said unto them Why here in is a marvellous th ing
, , ,

that ye kno w n ot fro m w hence he is and yet he hath ,

O pened m ine eyes No w w e kno w that G o d heareth

.

not s inners ; b ut if any man b e a w orsh ipper o f G o d ,

and doeth his W ill him he heareth S ince th e w orl d

, .

b egan w as it not heard that any man opened the eyes

o f one that w as born bl in d If th is man w ere n ot o f
.

G o d he could do noth ing

,
”
.

They w e re more than matched in reason ing b ut ,

they h ad an argument w h ich has w ound up many a

d iscus sion s ince ; An d they cast him out '
An exc o mmun icated man w as a moral l eper He .
1 26 C ON S C I O US w VI N I T Y .

w as alone in th e m idst o f thousands Soc ial an d com .

m e r c ial inte r co urse w as forb idden So soon as Jesus .

kne w the result o f the con ference w ithout w a it ing to ,

be sol ic ited he sought fo r th e no w outcast man A .

fe w s w e et w o r ds and the man though no longer a free ,

c itiz en o f Jerusalem w as consc iously exalted to a

,
’
h ighe r company and to the l ib erty o f G od s S p ir itual
,

k ing do m It seems that the man did not yet kno w

.

m uch about Jesus .

D ost thou bel ieve up on the S on of G o d

Who is he Rabb i that I m ight bel ieve on him ?
, ,

Thou has t both seen

(
an d hear d) him, d it is he that
an

talk eth with thee .

Lor d, Ibel ieve and w ith that he fell at J esus s ’

fee t in pro found reverence

,
.

There had b een present some fe w Phar isees Je .

sus utters a fe w w ords to them It is an adm irabl e .

instance o f his manner o f creat ing parad ox or an t i

thes is by empl oy ing v is ible facts and sp ir itual facts
inv is ible as if al l w e r e on the same plane
, And Jesus .

sa id : F or j udgment I am come into this wor l d that thog ,

which s ee not mi see andthat they which see m ht be mad

g ht , ig e

bl ind .

“ ”
Are w e bl ind also ? th ey asked as if there could ,

b e b ut one ans w er They w ere bl ind but the ir bl ind

.
,

n ess w as vol untary The ir gu ilt lay in th is that they

.
,

w ould not let the ir sp iritual nature recogn iz e the t r uth .

In a parable o f a shepherd and his fold Je s us exposes

th eir u tter unfi t ne ss to b e teacher s and l e aders o f t he
people The parabl e is an exqu is ite p icture o f sh ep
.

herd l ife They did n ot perce ive the deep an d con

.

de mna to r y mean ing Jesus carr ied the parable for w ar d

.
,

and under th e fi gure o f a good shepherd that de fends

 C HA P T E R XX V .

T HE G R O W TH O F CONFLI C T .

IT matters l ittl e w hethe r Jesus return ed to G al ilee

fo r a portion o f the t w o months betw een the F east o f
Tabernacl es an d the Feast O f the D ed icat ion or w hether ,

he remained in Jud ma There is no statemen t or clear

.

impl ication o f his l eav ing Jud aea John espec ially .
, ,

w ould har dl v have om itte d to ment ion i t His w ork .

in G al ilee seems to have b een w oun d u p a fter his r e

turn from the Transfigurat ion an d w e cannot perce ive ,

any reason fo r reopen ing it There w e r e many rea .

son s w hy J u daea should rece ive a portion o f his m in is

t rat io n
. The d iscourses parables and controvers ies
, ,

w h ich b elong to th is period have a suggest ion o f J u

d aca rather than o f G al ilee The images and ideas are
,
.

n o t those belong ing to a pure Je w ish commun ity ; the

parabl es are no longer draw n from the h usbandry o f

G al ilee the plains o f Esdr aelon or G e n esar e t the fi sh
, , ,

er ies o f the sea nets b oats etc Instea d w e imag in e

, , ,
.
,

in the v ineyards the v ine the G ood Samar itan th e

, , ,

nobleman the shepherds and the ir flocks the fi g tree

, ,
-
,

a J udaean flavor There is also in the top ics d iscussed

.
,

in th e h igher key in w h ich his d iscourses are cast

an ind ication that he w as in the pre s ence o f men o f
cul tu r e an d o f h igher d ialect ical sk ill than ex isted in
,

G al ilee
. He seems conscious o f b e ing in th e Temple
atmosphere .
 THE GR O W TH OF C ON FLI C T . 1 29

The domest ic l ife o f Jesus — is there any l ight ,

thro w n upon it ? Where did he make his home from

day to day ? That h e o ften le ft the c ity at n ight and ,

returned in the morn ing w e kno w That he spent ,

.

many n igh ts b ivo uack ing on the s ides O f Ol ivet as ,

poor p ilg r ims w ere w ont to d o w oul d b e in ferred from ,

many passages and g ives a l ite r al rendering o f the

,

declaration The foxes have hol es

,
etc Were there ,
.

not homes fo r him among the c itiz ens o f Jerusal em

Wh ere so many gave ev idence o f bel ie f in him w hen ,

such men as Nicode m us among the h ighest classes, ,

hardly d isgu ise d the ir sympathy is it l ikely that he ,

lacked inv itation and w elcome W ith in the w alls o f the

hoary c ity o f Jerusalem ?
His manners and hab its must b e le ft to the imag ina
tion We have seen that though his carriage at t imes
.

w as impress ive and aw e insp ir ing yet on the w hole

-
,

he w as spec ially attractive to those around him that he ,

w as easy o f approach that b e insp ired strong personal

,

fr iendsh ip that he w as fam il iar not only in speech

, , ,

b ut in person w alk ing hand in hand w ith men touch

, ,

ing those that he healed and sho w ing that l ove o f ,

ne arness and fond contact w h ich b elongs to natures

full o f love sympathy - The poor looked upon him as
.

the ir o w n the ir champ ion and hero and mothers and

, ,

l ittl e ch ildren dre w around him ; w h ile the outcasts ,

the very abandoned w armed in his presence w ith the

,

k indl ings o f hO p e and insp irations o f a better l ife .

What then must O f n ecess ity have b ee n th e house

, ,

hold l ife o f one w ho dre w all to him in a gen ial f am il

iarit y ? It is impossibl e that w ith his love o f ch ildren ,

he should n ot b e the centre o f the ir artless curios ity

and afi ect io n h e s m il ingly ans w ers the ir plea fo r sto
V O L. I L 9
13 0 T HE G R O W TH OF C ON FLI C T .

r ies he is pleased w ith the ir sports to him th ey br ing

,

the ir toys and it may b e that hands th at w ere tra ined

,

to tool s o ften repa ired or fabr icated these treasures o f

l ittl e ch ild ren On his kn ee th ey must o ften h ave sat
.
,

and as even ing dre w on many a s w ee t face lay asleep

, ,

on his bosom .

Such th ings mus t have b een If a l ighted candle .

b e brought into a room w e kno w that l ight streams ,

fr om it Lil ies br ing p er fume and sp ices exhal e O dors

.
, ,

from the ir very nature The w h ole character o f Jesus

.
,

w hen closely exam ined is on e that m u s t have filled ,

any d w ell ing w here he cam e w ith gladness and com

fort. Whateve r inst r uctions fell from his l ips w ould
have in the m th e sympathy o f th e hour and moo d that
ruled in the fam ily He sorro w e d w ith those in sor .

ro w,
counselled w ith those in trouble shon e br igh tly ,

among those that w ere happy w as gay and frol icsome ,

w ith ch ild r en and touched human nature on all it s

,

s ides bath ing it in his o w n d iv in e l ight

,
t he g r andest ,

man the gentles t god tha t ever d w el t among men

, ,
.

Only one home that O pened to Jesus has l e ft its

name to us I t w as at B ethany on the eastern slope
.
,

o f the Mount o f Ol ives about t w o miles from J e r usa ,

lem — the house o f Laz arus an d his s isters Martha

,

and Mary Bethany still ex ists as a mean haml e t o f

.

t w enty fam il ies The B ethany o f the un ive rs al Chris

.

t ian heart l ives only in imag inat ion In t he ol den .

t imes be fore the trees had been sheared o ff fr om the

,

face o f Palest ine it must have stood imbosomed am idst

,

almon d Ol ive oak fig and sycamore trees The secl u

, , , ,
.

s ion o f a qu iet home so n ear to the c ity was n ot the

ch ie f att r action When John w ould de signate Beth any
.

“
so that it m ight b e ident ified he call s it the to wn ,
 THE GR O W TH or C ON FLI C T . 13 1

o fMartha and her s ister Mary La z arus has a t itle .

w h ich can never be surpassed When in his s ickness .

the s isters w o uld call Jesus they did not n ame the ir ,

brother but sent w ord tha t he w hom tho u lovest is

,

s ick Th is is not the language o f casual fr iendsh ip

.
.

Je sus s heart took strong hol d and nour ished itsel f in

’
,

it s p ilg r image w ith the love O f those congen ial It is .

usel es s to speculate upon the development o f a ffect ion

in such a nature as his It w o uld o f course have that
.
, ,

tendern ess w it h w h ich parents regard ch il dren so far .

belo w them in intell igence and a ffect ion ; b ut there w as

also real compan ionsh ip His in timate frien ds l oved .

him as a super ior b ut it w as none the l ess an a ffect ion

,

w h ich impl ied a certa in soc ial parallel ism if not equal ,

ity He w as not content to be supe rior True love

. .

has al w ays an attract ion up w ard Jesus sough t in his .

most sacred fr iendsh ips to l ift his friends up to the

real m in w h ich his heart d w elt His language is em .

phatic on that po int I have call ed g ou fi nends ; f or all

'

things that I have hear d of mg F ather I har e made k nown

unto g I t w as a l ove
ou . full o f c o n fi de nc e s W it hout .

ostentation or egotism he w as al w ays seek ing to im

,

part to th em his o w n S p ir itual consc iousness If w e .

consider ho w imposs ibl e it w as fo r m ost o f his atte nd

ants to r ise to an harmon ious sympath y there must ,

have b een over and over again th e scene o f Trans

, ,

figurat ion on a domes tic seal e — Jesus in con verse w ith ,

the m above the ir reach appear ing to them someth ing ,

glorious b ut inexpl ica ble ; a rad ian t v ision w h ich cast

,

the m do w n to the ground in helpless b e wild erm ent ,

and yet w ithal a gl immering o f truth and interm ittent

sympathy .

The fi rst ins igh t w h ich w e get o f th e household o f

13 2 THE GR O W TH OF C ON FLI C T .

Be thany is one that sho w s a great fam il iar ity and con
fidence already establ ished T w o s isters Mary and .
,

“
Martha appear Martha is sa id to have
,
. rece ived
him into he r house w h ich w ould ind icate that sh e w as
,

the elder and that the ca r e o f the household w as

,

ma inly in her hands The only event disclosed w as a .

dome s t ic compla int on th e par t o f Martha that her s ister

l e ft the w hole care o f the h ousehold upon he r For .

Mary s eems to have b ee n dra w n to an intimate sympa

thy w ith the sp ir it o f Jesus and drank in every w ord ,

that he spoke W hen he appeared all w as forgotten

'

,
.

and h er place w as at his feet w here she m igh t catch ,

every w o r d and every phase o f countenance by w h ich

it w as in part expressed Martha w as w itho ut doub t .

a pattern housekeeper method ical en erget ic and al , .

,

w ays st ir ring Both loved Jesus Mary sh o wed her

. .

aff ect ion in s il en t sympathy w ith his soul tho ughts - .

M artha sho w ed her a ffection by an anx ious care fo r his

bo dily com fo r t Thus one w as dra w n to his S p ir it and
.
,

th e o ther to his person Marth a corresponds to Mat .

the w and Ma ry to John

,
1
Martha distracted w ith .
,

m uch care and serv ice sees only idleness in Mary ,

.

“
She may be eas ily imag ined as say ing I l ike to see ,

people do some th ing Listen ing and th ink ing may all .

b e ve ry w ell ; bu t w hen there is co mp an v in the house ,

and a h un dr ed th ings to do one has n o patience w ith

‘

that k ind o f a ffection w h ich w on t put a hand to a ’

”
s ingl e t h ing b ut makes it u p by s itting and ga z ing
,
.

These thoughts gre w hot an d be ing pla in and dec id ed , ,

1 The G o sp e l Of Mat th w w nci nt ly ll d t h B d i ly G o p l as d

e as a e ca e e o s e , e

s cr i b i ng C h i r st in hi ut w d l i f and a t i n Th G p el o f John w
s o ar e c o s . e os as

t he G o sp e l of t he S p i it as chiefl y concern d wi th C h i st s t ho ught s nd

r ,
e r
’
a

fee l i ng
s .
13 4 THE G R O W TH OF C ON FLI C T .

out blossoms upon its h ighest and outermost boughs ,

f arthest removed from it s earth root though st ill-

,

v itally connected w ith it .

Jesus from the beg inn in g had sought to redeem

r el ig ion from a rout in e o f me r e external pract ices
into the cond it ion o f a mental expe r ience and in th is ,

w ay to elevate prac t ical l ife by devel op ing the soul and

g iv ing it pre dom inance B ut in the last day s o f his
.

l ife d u r ing th e pe r iod w h ich we are n o w cons id e ring

, ,

th is rat ional and sp ir itual elemen t w as made to bear

w it h cont inuous and spec ial fo r ce upon the gen ius o f
Phar isa is m . His disco u rs es ca rr ied up the s p iritual
elemen t into its most exal ted fo rm his pa rabl es even ,

more b eaut iful and apt than be fo r e bo r e w ith the ut

,

mos t d irectness aga ins t those tendenc ies o u w h ich the

Phar isees greatly p r ided themselves And al though
.
,

he never sought a personal al tercation or de v e loped ,

a combat ive temper o r an irritable cont r ove rs ial sp irit ,

ye t his w hol e personal infl uence his expos it ions and

,

ill ustrat ions his ve ry atmo s phere m oved aga inst the
, ,

superfic ial and false v ie w o f rel ig ion o f w h ich the

Pha r isee s w ere the expon en ts and exemplars As .

t ime w en t on Jesus did no t content h imsel f w ith

oppos ing the id eas w h ich underla id Phar isa ism b ut ,

assa iled themselves as me n ban de d to gether fo r

,

w icke dness under the gu ise o f r igorous p iety He .

st r ippe d O ff the ir ve il s expo s ed the falseness o f the ir

,

pr inc iple s the corruptn ess o f the ir p rivate l ives w h ich

, , ,

in Je r usalem an d among the Temple r ing w as ve ry ,

great Thus as the days dre w on Jesu s w h ile pru

.
, ,

de ntl y avo iding arrest or a prec ip itat ion o f th e final

issue through any sudden ou t bu rs t an d r ese r v ing fo r
,

h imsel f a condemnation by th e h ighest t r ib unal o f the

 THE G R O W TH OF C ON FLI C T . 13 5

nation gre w constantly more specific and d irect in his

,

a r raig nment o f the nation s rel ig ious lead e r s To th is

’
.

per iod belongs the parable o f the G oo d Sa maritan ,

w h ich perhaps next to the parabl e o f the Prod igal

, ,

Son has passed into un iversal currency

,
.

The parables o f Jes us w ere n ot born in the closet ,

and b rought forth l ike perfected poems t o do the ir

w ork . They spran g into be ing suddenly They w ere .

c r eatu r es o f l ife born o f the actual events then tak ing

,

place . Beautiful o f themselves as lum inous moral ,

fictions the ir fo r ce is fa r greater w hen w e perce ive

,

the ir illustr at ive fi tness The parable o f t he G ood

.

Samar itan arose out o f a d iscuss ion .

Bes ides the v iolen t and v ituperative method o f the

Temple rulers Jesus w as subj ec ted t o eve ry tr ial o f
,

sk ill w h ich is u su al a mong an acute a n d inqu isitive

'

s e t o f intellectual me n There w ere men there as

.
,

there al w ays have been w ho had the ir intellect ual ,

p u z z les the ir n ice traps a dro itly la id into w h ich they

, , ,

w o uld dra w an antagon ist In such cases noth ing is .

more commo n than to b eg in w ith a semblance o f so

b rie ty and eve n o f s impl ic ity and to lead an un w ary ,

antagon ist to the po int w here the noose should catch

him . One o f these k een dry l aw yers (that is a scr ibe
, ,

w ith spec ial funct ions ) stood up meekly and inqu ired ,
“
o f Jesus Master w hat sh all I do to inherit eternal
, ,

l ife As it reads in our day no question could have

been more proper and important An d ye t it is e v i .

dent that th is question at that time w as in some w ay

, ,

a t est question ; fo r it is expressly said that the l aw

yer stood up and temp ted him It is not necessary to
suppose a mal ic ious an d entangl ing purpose He p r o .

poses to t ry his sk ill to pu z z le him an d gratify his

, ,
13 6 THE G R O W T H OF C ON FLI C T .

o wn van ity in a w o d v icto ry B ut w ha t t he trap

r -
.

w as w h ich w as se t by th is que s t ion does not appear .

Instead o f attempt ing an ans w e r w h ich w ould lay ,

him O pen in some w ay Jesus tak ing advantage o f the

, ,

fact tha t th is man w as a la w yer and teacher to w hom ,

th e w hol e l aw must b e fam il iar evaded the snare , ,

w hatever it w as by ask ing the la wyer What is wr itten

, ,

in the l aw IIow readest thou There is double force

in th is I t brought the question o ut o f the d ialectics
.

’
o f the schools into the court o f Moses s l a w and it ,

made the la wye r the respondent so that he lost the ,

in it iative The w hole th ing is l ike a fla s h

. The .

attack ing party is n o w on the de fence .

Ans w ered o n the gro und o f the Mosa ic l aw there ,

could b e b ut one reply fo r th e marro w and substance

o f the l aw w as by consent o f all conta ined in the
, ,

w ords Thou shalt love the Lord thy G o d w ith all thy
,

h ea r t and w ith all thy soul and w ith all thy strength
, , ,
”
and w ith all thy m ind ; and thy ne ighb or as thysel f .

The se w o r ds except the last clause w ere w rit t en

‘

, ,

upon the phylacter ies o f the Je w s an d w ere rec ited ,

n ight and morn ing Jesus repl ied Thou hast answered
.
,

: this d o andthou shal t l ice That th e assa ilant el

r
igh t ,
f t .

that his s w ord had been flung from his grasp by the
’
s implest tu r n o f his ant agon ist s hand is evident and , ,

t hough commended by the l aw he w as l ikely t o b e ,

laughed at by his comrades and w ill ing to j ustify him ,

”
sel f to ext ricate h imsel f he reopens the case A ndwho
,
.

is mg neighbor ? Th is is pecul iarly a quest ion to d el ight a

conclave o f Je w ish doctors T here w oul d be infin ite .

negatives d iscr im inations l im itat ions refinements u pon

, , ,

r efinement unt il the poor question w ould han l ike an

, g
in s ect w ound up in the myr ia d th rea ds o f a sp ider s w eb
’
.
 THE G R O W TH OF C ON LI C T F . 13 7

Jesus d isda in ed all s uch hair S pl itting d iscuss ions and -

,

struck home to the common sense and to the common -

feel ing o f human ity by a parable .

The parable will adm it o f no paraphrase It is p er .

1
feet as a crystal Jer icho w as by the rabb in ical
.

w r iters calle d a p r iestlg Citg b ecause h ere d w elt great ,

n umbers o f pr iests and Lev ites w ho w ent to the Te m ,

ple in t he ir regular turns and then cam e b ack to the ir ,

homes Th is road w as so note d fo r robb er ies as to b e

.

called the B l oodg Wag Fear h o w ever w as not the .

, ,

ch ie f motive fo r neglecting the duties o f human ity .

Th is hal f dead man w as no relat ion to them did not

-
,

b elon g to the ir class or pro fess ion Rel ig ion had de .

generated in the hands o f it s m in isters and had lost ,

human ity That a Sama r itan w hose very name w as a

.
,

te r m o f od ium to a J e w should b e represented as ,

enacting in a nobl e S p ir it the dut ies o f human ity w h ich

the most sacre d men among the Je ws had sh irked in a
co w ardly manner w as a p ierc ing reb uk e to Pharisaic
,

narro w ness There was no esca p e from th is parabl e

. .

We have see n ho w o fte n Jes us w as h imsel f eng ro ssed

in prayer To all w ho hold the inval id ity o f prayer ex
.
,

1 “
A cer t ain man w ent down f ro m Jeru sal em t o Jer i cho , an dfell a mong
th iv
e es, whi hc st r i pp d him
e of his rai ment , an dw u nd d him
o e ,
an dd ep ar t ed ,
l ving
ea him ha f l d d ea . A nd by chance t her e m d wn
ca e o a cer t ain i
p r es t
t hat w ay ; and wh n h e e saw him, he p asse d by on t he o t her s id e . A nd
lik wi e a
e s L v it
e wh n h
e, e eme and l o o k ed on him, and
w as at t he p ace, l ca

p a d by
sse o n t he o t her s i d e B ut a cer t ai n S amar i t an, as he j o urneyed
.
,

came w her e he w as and whe n he saw him, he had co m ass i o n o n him, and
p
went t o him, andbo und up his wou nd s, p ouring in Oil andwi ne, andsat him
o n his o wn b east , and b r o u ht him t o an inn and t o o k care o f him A nd
g ,
.

o n t he morr o w, w hen he d e ar t ed , he t o o k o ut t wo n nd av e t hem

p p e ce a g
t o t he host , and sai d u nt o him Tak e car e o f him ; and w hat so ev er t ho u
,

s endest more when I co me a ai n I wi ll r e ay t he e W h i h n o w o f t hese

p , g p c .

t hr ee, t hinkest t ho u w as n e i ghb o r u nt o him t hat fe ll amo ng t he t hiev es ? ”

,
13 8 THE G R O W TH O F C ON FLI C T .

cept by reflex moral influence u pon him w ho u tters it

th e teach ings o f Jesus must seem an in fatuation o f fa
n at ic is m
. He inculcated th is duty w ith S pec ial urgency .

And he teaches unequ ivocally tha t m en may r ise to

such intens ity and fervor o f prayer as to act d irectly
upon the heart o f G o d Tw o parables about th is per iod
.

illustrate th is v ie w o f prayer O ne is that o f the man

.

roused at m idn igh t by a ne ighb or ask ing to borro w

bread fo r an unexpected guest At fi r st he r e fuses to
.

d isturb his fam ily B ut the importun ity con t inues ;

.

and at l ength to get r id o f him and to save further

,

sol ic itat ion he y ields his re quest A ndI sag unto g ou

,
.
,

ask a nd e shal l r eceive I i i

g .
f g e be n
g ev l k now how to

ood our chil dr en how much mor e shal l

g iv e
g gi
f ts to
g , g our

heavenlg F ather give the B olg Sp ir it to them that ask him .

The o ther w as the parable o f t he W id o w and th e

Unj ust Ju dge She demanded redress He a la wles s
. .

and unpr inc ipled man re fuse d to v ind icate her r ights
,
.

She presses her s u it At length he consents to have

.

“
j ustice done to her lest by her continual com ing she
,
”
w eary me . Andshall not G o d avenge his own el ect that org
dag andnight unto him
If there is a w ay by w h ich unpr inc ipled selfishness
w ill do the w ork o f k indness and j ustice ho w m uch ,

more w ill absol ute and infin ite goodness y iel d to the
s ol ic itat ion o f earnest w ant ! If men w ho do not l ove
k indn ess can by prayer be made k ind ho w much mo r e ,

w ill one w ho loves it intensely be incl ined to it upon

earnest prayer ! The teach ing o f Jesus is pecul ia rly
s ign ificant as to the po w er o f men to affect t he D ivine
m ind The qu estions w h ich in our day have ar isen as
.

to n atural l aw and the invar iabl e regular ity o f cause

,

and e ffect w ere unkno w n to the age in w h ich Jesus

,
1 40 T HE G R O W T H OF C ON FLI C T .

to his m in d the m ighty confl ict o f good and ev il

w hol e
in th is w o rld Afa r o ff he d iscerned the end o f ev il
.
,

t he t riu mp ho f good I behel d S atan as l ightning f al l f r om

.

heaven .Caug ht u p into the sphere o f co ming glory in ,

that hour J es us r ej iced in sp ir itoHis so ul k indled to sub

.

l ime prayer I thank thee 0 F ather Lor d Qf heaven and

.
, ,

ear th, that tho u hast hidthese things f r om the wis e andp r udent
an dhast r eveal e dthem unto babes
k ingdo m o f the Di . The
v ine Sp ir it the po w er O f t he en franch ised soul the w hole
, ,

myste ry o f v ictor ious w eaknes s in finally subdu ing the

pass ions o f m en and becom ing the grand fo r ces o f the
un iverse stood cl ea rly b e fo r e him
, .

He was sur r oun ded by enem ies in the m idst o f ,

daily confl icts and every day w as one step to wa r d the

,

cross ; yet fo r a moment it w as g iven him to see his

o w n sup remacy All things ar e given to me of the F ather
. .

He w as fo r the hour l ifted ab ove l im itat ion and hu mil i

at ion into the full consc iousness o f his D iv ine relations .

N o man k noweth who the S on is but the F ather , and who the
F ather is but the S on andhe to whom the S on wil l r ev eal him .

Th is w as an hour o f subl ime sovere ignty ! F illed w ith

the scen e he w ould f ain dra w his d is c ipl es up into
,

some partic ipation w it h him He s eems to have sat .

as one in a v is ion He roused and rose up tur ned him

.
,

s elf to his discip l es and saidp r ivatelg as one w ho S peaks

, ,

confidentially w ith that a ffectionate personal ity w ith

,

w h ich one d is closes heart secrets B l essed ar e the eg os

-
,

which see the things that g e s ee They saw as th r ough a

glass darkly that w h ich to the Master s soul filled the ’

un iverse .

These j oy ful hours w ere needed Jesus w as an .

ex ile The atmo s phe r e w as mu rky w ith evil pass io n s

. .

His soul susta in ed all that w ere his compan ions but no ,
 THE GR o W TH OF C ON FLI C T . 1 41

on e coul d sustain him The constant l ifting up o f his .

language in to a vagueness w h i ch com es from it s eleva

t ion into reg ions o f tho u ght un fam il iar to the human
,

soul his continual fall ing b ack u pon his relat ionsh ip
,

w ith G o d the essent ial un ity o f his s oul w ith his

,

Father s b etokens a certa in lonesomeness These oc

’

,
.

c asio n al hours o f t r anscenden t v is io n interpret the

“
declaration Who fo r the j oy that w as set b e fore
, ,

him endu r ed the cross desp is ing [not car ing fo r] the
, ,
”
shame .

The Fea s t o f D ed icat ion came an dfound Jesus st ill

in an d about Jerusalem Whether he confined his .

labo r s t o th e c ity and it s immed iate ne ighborhood be

t w een the t w o feasts — Tabe r nacles and D ed ication , ,

w e have n o means o f kno w in g There is absol utely n o .

continuous h istor ic l ine g iven by his d isciples Memo .

rabl e events S prin g in to v ie w striking parabl es or frag ,

ments o f d iscourse b u t the ground w o r k on w h ich they

,

stand is h id den from V ie w We trace his l ife not in a .

,

l in ear series b ut in g r oups We se e the clusters o f

,
.

fru it b ut the v ine on w h ic h it gre w is seen only here

,

and there .

When the Feast o f D ed ication brought throngs to the

Temple Jesus w as seen among the m w alk ing in the
, ,

arcad e on the eas t Side o f the grand quadrangle We .

see the peop l e gathering about him We see the dis .

t u r b e d con d ition o f men s m inds

’
Op in ions fluctuated . .

To day he w as b el ieved in fervently ; to morro w came

- -

react ion uncertainty an d retrocess ion Men w ere in

, , .

a pa in ful susp e n se They w anted e ither to have the

.

charm broken or the ir faith establ ished B ut w h il e a

, .

fe w w ere thus p ain fully osc illat ing they w ere put fo r ,

w ard by others who had mal ic ious p urposes We can .

1 42 THE G R O W TH OF C ON FLI C T .

imag ine them in fl uctuat ing counc il and d iscuss ion .

Some feel ing the my s t ic po w er o f J e sus s n atu r e and

,
’

in w ardly in sympathy w ith his S p ir it w armed to w ard ,

him and de fen ded him I t w as the log ic o f the heart .

that conv inced t he m B u t othe rs w ould say He t rifles .

,

w ith u s Ho w easy fo r him if he is w hat h e p r eten ds

.
, ,

to make it clear to every one Is the Mes s iah so feebl e .

that he canno t m ake h imsel f kn o w n ? What then can , ,

suc h an one d o fo r th e k ingdo m ? Le t him cease hid

ing h ims e l f b eh ind myster ious S peeche s ! An d so they
came to him Ho w l ong dost thou mak e u s to doubt ?
.

”
If tho u b e the Ch r ist tell us pla inly Je s us re pl ie s I
,
.
,

have told you that I w as an d you w ould n o t bel ieve ,

me The r e is no need o f w ords fo r the wor k s that I do

.
,

in mg F ather s name theg bear witness of me He then ad

f

, .

vance s aga in as o ften be fore t he une rr ing ce r ta inty o f

, ,

real moral a ffin itie s Ye bel ieve not because ge ar e not Q/

.
,

mg sheep p. h Mg
ear mg v oice, and I k no w them,
shee an dI
g ive unto them eter nal l if e As a candle bo r ro w s it s flam e .

fro m some flame so human souls k indl e immortal ity at

,

the h ea r t o f G o d The greatest g ifts o f G o d are not to

.

b e taken w ith the hand but by the heart They ar e , .

rece ived by an appropr iating sens ib il ity .

Log ic en forces intellectual truth upon me n as a

graver s han d cu ts the p ictu r e upon a plate W ithout r e
’

gard to it s cond it ion B ut mo r al conv ict ion s o f the .

h ighest k ind are irre s istibl e in tu itions and b e l ie f is de ,

v e l o e d as a p ictu r e is upon a p hotog r aph ic plate by

p
the inheren t sens ib il ity o f th e plate to the l igh t tha t
falls upon it Only w hen G o d has in s p ir e d the soul t ill
.

the love o f pu r it y t r uth j u s t ice goo dne ss mo ral b e auty

, , , , ,

ar e spontaneous can one have personal ,

p r oo f O f Di
v in ity It is the D iv ine real ity in us that as s ur e s u s o f
.
1 44 THE G R O W TH OF C ON FLI C T .

again the ir anger They rushed for w ard t o se iz e him

.
,
”
“
b ut h e escaped out o f the ir han d and le ft them to ,

b urn or to cool at the ir le is ure .

Jesus w as not s afe any longe r The o fi e n ce w as .

deep He le ft Je r u s al em Though it w as w inter it

. .
,

w as not the fro z en w inter o f Lebanon or o f He r mon

b ut the t rop ical w in ter o f the v alley o f the Jordan .

He doub tl e ss w ent by the w ay o f J e ric ho to the fo rds

o f the Jo r da n and c r ossed over into Per ma into the
, ,

ne ighborhood w here John had b egun his m in istry

B ethabara or more p r operly B ethany b eyond the
, ,

Jordan I t w as n ot only a place o f secur ity that he

.

sought b ut a ne w field o f labo r u ntil his hour should

, ,

come Never w as he less incl ined t o rest He soon

. .

developed around him a n e w interest some b el iev ing ,

a nd some oppos ing A s it w as w ith in t he sphere o f

.

John s earl iest m in istry it is not strange that his pre s

’

ence shoul d rev ive the memory o f John and b r ing to ,

m ind the prophec ies w h ich h e uttered concern ing the

Ano inted One w ho w as to come a fter him An d many .

“
said Al l th ings that John spake o f th is man w ere
,
”
true .And many b el ieved on him there .
 S UPPLEMENT .

C HAPT ER S X X VI . T O X X X II . AR E C O MPILED
F R OM MR . B EEC HER S ’
M O NS
S ER .

S E E PR E F A C E TO VO L . II .
1 46 R A I S I N G LA A R US Z .

In the peace ful secu r ity O f the w il derness the mes ,

senge r d ispatched in ha s te by Ma ry and Ma r tha com ing ,

“
to him br ings w ord Lord be hold h e w hom tho u , , ,
”
lovest is s ick Urgent as w as the m essage it did no r
.

h ur ry Jesus Instead o f hasten ing he l ingered and

.
, ,

then a fter t w o days w a s ted in delay aston ished his

, ,

d isc iples by the announcement Le t us go into Jud aea ,

”
aga in T hey w ere fully a w are o f t he danger that
.

threatened in J udae a and tha t to avo id th is very danger ,

Je s us had sought an asylum in the peace ful w ilderness

be y ond Jor dan .

Had Chr ist under the impulse o f a tender l ov ing

, ,

anx iety hastene d back to B ethany immed iately on

,
’
hearing o f La z arus s s ickness that w ould n ot have ,

seemed so strange fo r love w h ich seeks to save it s

,

beloved w ill face any per il ; b ut to l inger unt il the

hop e o f cur ing is gone and then w hen it can benefit no , ,

one to needles sly inv ite that pe r il w h ich had ba rely

,

been avo ided that seemed to the be w ildered d isc ipl es

,

the he ight o f folly Master the Je w s o f late sought

.
,
”
to stone thee ; and goest tho u th ither again ? B ut
Jesus proposed to w ork one o f th e most strik ing o f his
miracles He kne w then that La z arus w as dead and
.

beyond th e aid o f any earthly phys ic ian He had .

w a ite d purposely fo r that end that he m ight open the ,

eyes o f his d isc ipl es w ho even then had b ut the ,

fa intest concept ion o f h im s e l f and his m in istry .

La z arus is dead An d I am glad fo r your sak es that

.

I w as not there to the intent ye may bel ieve ; never

,
”
t he l e ss let us go unto him I n hero ic despa ir Thomas .

turns to his fello w -d isc iples Le t us also go that w e .

,

may die w ith him T he road w as a rough and h illy

.

one and the j ourney o n foot w as slo w What w ith the

,
.
 R AI S I N G LA AR US Z . 1 47

days delay b e fore setting o ut and the slo w march

’
tw o ,

up w ard fro m the valley Laz arus had d ied and been ,

four days b ur ied As J esus approach ed the sorro w ful

.

home w ord was sent ahead that he w as co ming and ,

Martha hasten ed ou t to m ee t him He r impat ient .

,

bustl ing nature foun d rel ie f in act ion She could not .

sit still She must be do ing Meet ing him some l ittle
. .

w ay from the town she greets him hal f in reproach and

,

hal f in suppl ication : Lord if thou hadst b e en here ,

my b rother had no t d ied B ut I kno w that even no w .

,
”
w hatsoever thou w ilt ask o f G o d G o dw ill g ive it thee ,
.

J e su s s decla r at ion that he w hom she mou r ned should

’

r ise aga in brought her b ut l ittle present com fort fo r

, ,

she saw in it noth in g mo r e than th e prom ise o f a final

resurre ct ion at the last day She w as too em inently .

practical to see any h idden m ean ing in J e s us s mystic al ’

w ords .W ith Ma ry it w as d ifferen t Sh e d w el t mo r e in .

the realms o f thought and imag inat ion and less in the
fields o f action Wrapped in mourn ful contemplat ion
.

she thought o f the lov ing b rothe r gone and o f the M as ,

ter all po w er ful to cu r e a bsent ; fo r sh e ev idently had

-
,

not then heard o f his com ing Jesus no t see ing Mary .
, ,

asks fo r her Martha the ever b usy hastens back c alls

.
, , ,
’
her s ister and tells her o f th e Master s p resence and
,

w ish to see her She r is ing qu ickly w ith the mourn

.
, ,

e rs w ho had come to com fort her goes ou t to mee t ,

Jesus He had remained w ithout th e to w n w ait ing

.
,

w here Martha had le ft him W ith the same regretful .

greet ing Mary meets him : Lord if tho u hadst been ,

”
here my brother had not d ied .

The utter w retch e dness o f these w hom h e loved the ,

sympath et ic tea r s o f the surround ing fr iends deepl y ,

moved the Master and fo r th e mom en t over w helme d

, .
1 48 R A I S I N G LA A B US Z .

he too w ept . reques t they tak e him to th e sep

At his
u l chre a cave in th e s o ft l ime s tone rock — one o f the
, ,

many w h ich abounded and w h ich w e r e largely used at ,

that t ime fo r bur ials For door a bo wl de r rest ing in

.
,

it s mou t h Je s us o rders the stone to be removed w hen

.
,

impul s ive Martha cha racte r ist ically b r eaks in w ith her
expo s tul at ion Fo r four days the body had la in in t he
.

g rave and no w had become o ffens ive fHe rem ind s her
, .

“
o f his prom is e that if thou w oul dest bel ieve thou
, ,

shoulde s t see the gl o ry o f G o d .

Probably not e v en t he d isc iples suspe cted tha t Jesus

w as move d by any other intent than t o loo k once
m ore u pon the form o f him h e had love d Though .

they had seen many w onde rful s ights had w itnessed ,

many m iracles yet n o one seemed to suspect that a fter

,

such a lapse o f t ime w hen the t ies that b ind together

,

the compon ent e l ement s o f t he h u man body had been

l oosened and w hen w hat w as once an an imate be ing
,

full o f l ife o f thought and o f act iv it y w as rap idl y r e

, , ,

solving itsel f into inan im a te dust that then Jesus ,

coul d a rr e s t the devou r in g decay r oll back it s w asting ,

march r e coll e c t th e fle e ing ele men ts and b r ing them

,
-
,

t r oop ing back each to its proper place and duty as ,

sold iers scattered in de feat rally ing at the vo ice o f a ,

t rusted and b eloved general h asten ing to fo r m aga in , ,

s t and once mo r e a compact an d d isc ipl in ed a r my .

The stone is rolled a w ay the grave is open w hen , ,

’
l o ! obed ient to th e Mas te r s vo ice he that had b ee n ,

dead came forth boun d in the vestm ent o f t he grave

, ,

s till hel pl e s s unt il fr ee d from the b ind ing graveclothes

,
.

We can imag ine the outbu rs t o f j oy and g ratitud e

fro m the fam ily so m iraculously reun ited — the aw e ,

and ama z emen t o f th e fr iends and even o f the dis c iples

1 50 Z
R AI S I N G LA AR US .

v alley o f the Jor dan an d travell ing from pl ace to plac e

,

“ ”
he taught them aga in and healed them there ,
.

Although the narrat iv e is b rie f he mus t have spen t ,

con s iderable t ime u pon th is j ourney Sl o wly reapproach ,

in g Jerusalem I t w as then that some one asked him

. .

“
Lo r d a re there fe w that be saved ?
, Where it w as ”
,

w ho asked him w hat led up to th e quest ion is not

, ,

s tated in th e contex t I t was one o f those many inc i

.

dents so O ft en occurr ing in the sacred h istory w here

, ,

all the s urround ings that w ould have added a dra

mat ic inte r es t are w ant ing and separate detached inc i , ,

dents are strung together l ike pearls upon a neck lace ,

each w holly disconnected from it s fello w y e t each a ,

statemen t o f so me importan t truth or fact .

’
We cannot enter into the sp irit o f J e sus s ans w er
except w e go back and see exactly to w hat p urpose
o ur Sav io ur u ttered it ; fo r if w e inte r p r et the an
s w er through the m ed ium o f a gloomy theology w e ,

shall fal s ify it If w e in t e rpre t it through a my s t i

.

fy ing psychology w e shall fals ify it ,

Although t he .

Je w ish system de veloped the most pro found yearn ing

in men s souls yet in it s decad ence and in regard
’

, ,

to the g reat mass o f the common peopl e not end o w ed ,

w ith moral gen ius it came to b e a m ere system o f

,

external it ies that le ft o ut the ch ie f p urpose o f l ife

,
.

There w as no t r oubl e dur ing our Sav iour s t ime in his

’

ga in ing an aud ience ; certa inly not a fter he began to

w ork m iracles s ignally an d that most w elcome o f all ,

his miracles enough to eat fo r those w ho attende d his

,

p r each ing He b ecam e very attr active ; and there

.

w e r e m ult itudes o f men w ho s hed tears and a great ,

many m en that adm ired the appos iteness o f his illus

t r a t io n s th e s ingular clar ity o f his parables wha t
, ,
 R A I S I N G LA A R US Z .
1 51

m ight b e called the adro itn ess o f his con trovers ial
re pl ies . His em inence his ind iv id ual ity all tha t
, ,

belonged to him and to his atmosphere w ere very ,

w inn ing ; there w ere n o t only t w elve w ill ing to b e

come his d isc iples an d follo w him b u t there w e r e ,

t w elve thousand that w ould have follo w ed him if he

had l e t them in those moments o f insp irat ion j ust such
, ,

as one feels occas ion ally w he n some particular v ie w

,

i i
o f a nobler w ay o f l v ng com s to one
e — eva n escen t ,

moments o f sight and outs ight up sight and b eyon d ,

s igh t
.

There w as no troubl e in his gain ing the w ish an d

the w ill o f the common people bu t the ir acquain tance ,

w as as the early de w and the morn ing cloud It came .

l ike a flash and w ent l ike a flash Men w en t back .

a fter his instr uct io n to deeds o f sac r ifice in the templ e ,

the pr ies t t o pray fo r us and p r onounce us cl ean by

reason o f th is that and the other remedy We have
, .

kept the l aw and w e are do ing very w ell ; G o d is

,

under obl igation to take ca r e o f us So they w ent on .

,

l iv ing l o w selfish and o ften vulgar and w icked l ives

, , ,

bu t yet feel ing that they w ere sa fely w ith in the pale
’
o f G od s covenants and that there w as no need o f ve r y
,

much change in them There fore one o f the great and

.
,

p r ime necess ities o f our Sav iour s teach ing w as to pro ’

duce a conv ictio n among men that rel ig ion w as some

th ing a thousand t imes deeper th an they had any idea
o f ; it mean t manhood r egenerated reconstr ucted ; it ,

mean t man striv ing a fter the h ighest ideal and in th e

atmosphere o f d iv ine po w er w h ich w as in dispensably
,

necessary to enable him to car ry ou t his w ish and his

purposes . So he d iscouraged men fro m th ink ing
that rel ig ion was easy They thought it w as too easy
. .
1 52 R A I S I N G LA A R US Z .

It w as all so easy that there w as no respons ib il ity and ,

had in it n o inc itement To them rel ig ion bore about .

the same rel ation that the mul t ipl icat ion tabl e does -

in the fool s m ind as compared w ith Ne w ton s Pr in

’ ’

c ip ia or the h igher develop ments o f mathemat ics If

,
.

a man can rattle o ff t he multipl icat ion table h e th inks -

h e is a mathemat ic ian If a man can say the al phab et

.

he th inks h e is a l ite r ary man The Je ws at that t ime .

a r ound abou t the Sav iour had a smatte r ing o f rel ig ious

th ings and they felt as t hough they w e r e good enough

,

j ust as they w ere The great mass o f the common

.

people to w hom Ch rist came w e r e alrea dy supe r fi c ially

contented ; that is they thought they w e r e getting on
,

“
w ell and
,
What lack I yet ? w as the ir conce ited
“
feel ing There fore w h en it w as a sked
.
, Ar e there ,

“
fe w that be saved our Sav iour sa id Str ive ! What ,

I mean by rel ig ion requ ire s str ife Y o u cannot sail .

into it nor happen into it nor dream and w ake up

, ,

and find it real iz ed It requ ires all the energy o f the

.

w hole l ife .

A l ittl e l ater w h en the mult itude s thronged around

,

him anx ious to be his follo w ers a nd lead his l ife h e ,

aga in bring s to the ir m inds the se rious n ature o f the

l ife they so thoughtl essly w ould follo w and impresses ,

n p o n them by force ful pa r ables that he is not to be

follo w ed m e r ely from a bl ind impulse b u t only as the

result o f a care ful del iberate j u dgment o r an earnest
, ,

des ire to seek the truths w h ich he had come to teach .

“
An d there w en t g reat mul t itudes w ith him ; and
he turned and sa id unto them If any man come unto ,

me and h ate not his father and mo ther and w ife an d

, , , ,

ch ildren an d brethren and S isters yea and his o wn

, , , ,

l ife also he cannot b e my disc iple

,
An d w hosoever .
1 54 R AI S I N G LA AR US Z .

th r ough w h ich th e gene r ation that l ived then coul d s e e

any t h ing The con s equenc e w as t hat metap ho r para
.
,

bl e exaggerat ion w e r e obl iged to tak e the pl ace o f

,

S imple l anguage For intense feel in g m ust exagge rate

. .

I t is not en ough that tone and emphas is are g iven to a

w ord Al l creation comes to him that has intellec t
. .

imag inat ion and intens ity and seeks to express the
, ,

h idden treasure O f his soul An d Jesu s the s impl est .

, ,

the truest in one sense the mo s t intense and e x agge r

, ,

at ing in another sense has set us an example o f th is

, ,

w hole procedure .

He w as about to l eave th e north o f Palestine His .

m iss ion there w as p r etty m uch fulfilled He had turn e d .

his face south w a r d an d w as on his final j ou rney to w a r d

,

Jeru sal em w here h e w as to su ffer many th ings and b e

, ,

c r ucified O n th e w hol e he w as ve ry much d iscour

.

aged w ith his m in ist ry It culm inate d in t he feed ing

.

o f the five thousand upon the northern shore o f G al il ee ,

w he n they w ere so struck w ith the unque s t ionable

m iracle o f mult iply ing the loa f that they determ ine d to
make him the ir k ing to hol d th e re ins o f government
, ,

to d r ive o ut the Roman and to establ ish t he proph et ic

,

k ingd om ; an d they mean t tha t he should be t he ir

k ing B ut h e re fuse d; and the impress ion produced
.

u pon them w as that he st ir re d the m u p to the po int o f

accompl ish ing and then l ike a craven b acke d do wn
,

and w ould n o t go for w ard So it w as at that time that .

t he enthus iasm o f the people very much ab ated ; and

w hen he ret u rn ed to th e w este r n sho r e h e w as beset
by the scr ibes and the pr iests and w as abandoned by ,

the people — so much so that it seemed as though he

,

ne eded rest and encouragemen t ; and he took his

j ourney to the North on the coa s ts o f Tyre and S idon
, ,
 RAI S IN G LA ZAR US . 1 55

into the mounta in ous reg ion and w oul d that no man ,

should kno w that he w as the re and re fused or sough t , ,

to re fuse to engage in the w ork o f m iracl es or in

,

w orks o f mercy the r e He w as t r ans fig ur e d as it

.
,

w ere . He w as l ifted up in heavenly v is ion above the ,

phys ical and sensuo us and his w hol e soul w as rene w ed,

and br ightened aga in preparatory to the last steps o f ,

his e arthly m in istry He had come do w n from t he

.

mounta in ; and although he need ed rest an d e nco ur

a e me nt his face w as turned fo r the last t ime to w ard
g ,

Jerusalem The cro w d b egan again to thro ng around

.

him and w ere eager no t only to follo w him b ut to b e

,

come his d isc iples .

The mos t extraor dinary th ing that str ikes one in

’
J e s us s address to them is that it is the lan guage o f one
w ho w as suppose d to b e seek ing to b u ild up a party .

He had exc ite d un iversal interest Men w ere not only .

in q uis it ive b ut the ir cur ios ity had become morb idly
,

st rong He co ul d go no w here that the v illage or

.

t o w n or c ity did not pour for t h it s m ult it u de And if .

he w ere a partisan if he had a ne w church to found a

, ,

n e w k ing do m to establ ish th is w a s a very stra n ge w e l ,

co me to those w ho w e re com ing to w ard him and to

him . No t only th at b ut cons ider ing it in its relat ion
,

to enter ing u pon a Chr istl ike l ife upon a rel ig ious ,

course w as there ever such a d iscouragement as it

, ,

s too d and as it stands ? Usually men are supposed to

,

th ink that there are obs t acles enough in the ir w ay .

At any rate me n have a str ife aga inst the ir o w n feel

,

ings aga in st many ins idious and cunn ing temptations ;

,

and our Sav iour h imsel f declared that th e w ay to e ter

n al l ife w as n arro w an d very steep and extremely d itti

cult Was it then necessary to ca r ry language to such

.
, ,
1 56 RAIS I N G LAZAR US .

an extent as to say Un l ess a man hate his father and

,

his mother and his w ife and his s is ter and his brother
and his ch ild and h im s el f als o he shall not be my dis
,

c ip l e What is a man after h e has d r o p ped o ff all his

a ffections ? What is there le ft fo r d isc iplesh ip ? What
is a man w orth that has been taught by some f anat i
c is m to h ate his fa t her and his mo t he r ? Is that a part
o f the n e w fa ith ? Is tha t the be s t dis closure o f th is

pr incely rel ig ion w h ich men are so fond o f talk ing

abou t ? No So far as the immed ia t e appl ication o f
.

th is language to those w ho w ere follo wing him w as

concerned w e are to take into cons ide rat ion that th ey
,

w e r e follo wing under a w ro n g impulse They w ere .

me n w ho w ere not rel ig ious m inde d and not at all pur

-
,

posed to b e rel ig ious m ind ed Fo r the mo s t part that

-
.
,

w as no t th e th ing fo r w h ich they follo wed C hr ist .

They supposed — and his m ir acles la r gely con firmed

the impress ion that a grand good t ime w as com ing ,

in w h ich all men w ould enj oy themselves They w ere .

go ing to kee p the ir s ins ; they w ere go ing to k ee p

their feu ds ; they w ere go ing to ke ep the ir l ittl e quar
rel s ; bread w as go ing to b e pl enty ; there w as to b e
good l iv ing fo r every one ; the ir enem ies w ere go ing t o
b e sm itten do w n ; they w ere go ing to have a gloriously
good t ime ; they w ere go ing to b e m en and s w in e in
differently as they had b e en be fo r e ; an d Chr ist w as
,

go ing to le ad What they w ere a fter w as the loaves

.

and the m ir acl es It was no t Chr ist that they sought

.

w hen th ey w ere follo w ing Ch r ist b ut the ir o w n sel f

,
.

Sel f ind ulgence in a larger sp here m in iste r ed by D iv in e

-
, ,

po w er in a m iraculous w ay ; t he gratification o f the ir

,

van ity by v icto ries o v er the ir adversar ies ; and v ar ious

mal ign feel ings — t he s e en tered largely into the com
,
1 58 R A I S I N G LA A R US Z .

make them understand that rel ig ion w as deep ; that it

meant some th ing mo r e than adher ing to a rou tine o f
O b s ervances or follo w ing a school or becom in g the
, ,

d isciple o f a w orke r o f m iracles ; that it w as a t r ans

format ion that w en t clear do w n to the dep ths o f t he ir
be ing and brough t them into a cond it ion in w h ich
,

eve ryth ing that was in them w ould b e on the s ide o f

sp ir itual p ur ity .

T h is w as not an attempt then to sho w that rel ig ion , ,

is intr ins icall y d iffi cult it w as rather to S ho w that it is

,

intr ins ically pro fo und —that it m eans some th ing ,

It .

is not chu r ch j o in ing ; it is not creed b u ild ing

-
It is -
.

man revolut ion iz ing It is a total change o f the cur

-
.

ren ts the p urposes th e asp irat ions o f a man s l ife I t

, , ,
’
.

is l iv ing not by the eye n o t by the ear not by sense

, , , ,

but by fa ith by t he v is ion o f truth o f pur ity o f l ove

, , , ,

o f fid el ity o f godl iness

,
I t is l iv ing above the ear th
.
,

and in t he presence o f G o d; and fo r that sake a man

sho ul d sacr ifice every th ing .

It is more than l ikely that Jesus explained his mean

ing more fully at th is time than appears in the narrative .

It is not at all probabl e that any memorandum w as

mad e at t he t ime by any o f the d isc iples And w hen .

at last the sacred narrat ive w as put in w rit ing it w as ,

many years a fter the events it record ed th e w r iter ,

g iv ing only here and there some b r ie f remarks some ,

s ign ifican t event o r c ircumstance th a t had re ma ined

indel ibly fixed in his memory so that w h at m ight b e
called the context the surround ing deta ils is generally
, ,

w ant ing .

It is ev ident that his hearers did not u nderstand that

they had been repul sed but rather had been w arned ,

that follo wing Jesus w as not a hol iday exc urs ion b ut ,
 RAI S I N G LA ZA R US .
1 59

a sob er ,
er ious matter
s Ye t w ith all the apparent
.

sever ity o f his w arn ing he must have uttered w ords

,

o f hO e that appealed to many hearts about him that

p ,

let ne w l ight into the souls o f many w hose l ives had

bee n noth ing but dark till then Those w ho fel t the .

nee d o f G od s love mos t seemed dra w n the near er to

’

him ; fo r the p ubl icans and s inners — the t w o classe s o f

mank ind that comprehended all that was lo w est and
mos t desp ised in the eyes o f the Pharise es and scr ibes
dre w near to him to l is ten to his w ords He re .

c e iv e dthem as a part o f his congregation and doubtles s ,

open ed the ir eyes to the ir s ins and encourage d them

to w ard re formation He m ingled w ith the m and
.
,

even ate w ith them Of c ourse the sel f r ighteous

.
-

Pha risee w as shocked at th is an d raised his hands in

“
holy ho rr or . Th is man rece iveth s inners and eate th
w ith the m .
”
He ans w ered the m in t he parables o f the
Lost Sheep the Lost Co in and the Prod igal Son and
, , ,

w hen they der ided him he turne d on the m w it h the

scath ing reb uke Ye are they w h ich j ustify yourselves
,

be fore me n ; b ut G o d kno w e th your he arts ; fo r tha t

w h ich is h ighly esteemed among men is abo mination
”
in the s ight o f G o d and added further S ign ificance to
,

his reb uke by the parable o f D ives and La z ar us .

Turn ing from the Phar isees w ho seemed w ill ing a fter
,

th is po inted rebuke to let the d iscuss ion drop Jesus ,

addresses his d isc ip les in one o f those co mpresse d ser

mons that so o ften appear in the G ospels —teaching ,

them to extend that forg ive ness wh ich they themselves

so o ften needed .

There w as a certain moral sense in the d isc ipl es as ,

there is in all m en b e fore w h ich th is inj unc t ion o f the

Saviour came w ith a pp robat ion They felt that he .
160 R AI S I N G LA ZAR US .

ta ught the m the r igh t th ing An d yet the momen t

.
,

they undertook to th ink abo ut it as a p rinc ipal th ing ,

in themselves they began to say

,
“
Ho w can w e fo r,
”
g ive ? They thought o f th is one and that on e and , ,

the other one ; they recalled al l t h e ir l ittl e an imos it ie s

and prej ud ices and d isl ikes ; and though they w ere o n
”
the po int o f say ing to themselves Well I w ill ob ey , , ,

the th ing itsel f seemed so imposs ibl e th at the ir courage .

“
sank do w n and they said in w ardly We cannot d o
, ,
”
it
. And they turned inst inct ively to the Master and ,

said ,
Increase our po w er o f d o in g th is ; that is ,

Increase our faith ; by wh ich is here to be under

stood that w hole sp ir itual and em inent realm o f po w e r
out o f w h ich comes th e potency by w h ich w e change
ou r natu r e as w e shall see by and by
, .

Equally strange seems the ans w er : If ye had fa ith

as a gra in o f m ustard seed ye m ight say un to th is
-
,

sycam ine tree B e tho u pl ucked up by the root and be

-
, ,
”
thou planted in the sea ; and it should obey you In .

ans w er ing th is requ est in deal ing w ith the state o f

,

m ind o ut o f w h ich th is r equest gre w namely moral ,

de s ponden cy the w an t o f courage to un dertake w hat

,

w as requ ired Chr ist sa id I command you to forg ive

,

utterly and cont inuously and do you say I never can ,

do it ; it is imposs ibl e fo r me to do it And do you

’

ask me to increase your faith I tel l you there is n ot

only po w er in you to d o it b ut th ere is in you a po w er
,
”
so great that you can make a total change Or in .
,

o ther w or ds If ye had fa ith as a gra in o f m ustard

seed — if you had the least particle o f fa ith — you
,

could do a th ing that se em s as imposs ibl e as to com

mand that sycam ine tree to be rooted up and cast
-

in to the sea .
1 62 R A I S I N G LA AR US Z .

moral sense o f his hea rers He w as preach ing to his

.

disc iples the duty o f overcom ing pass ions and mal ig
nant d ispos it ions He w as preach ing to them the
.

result o f the doct r ine o f fo rg iveness an d gentleness .

We have had an analogous ins t ance w hen on his ,

descent fro m the Mo unt o f Transfigurat ion he cast the

demon ou t o f a ch ild .

It w as substantially the same th ing There Chr ist .

w as a s ked to do a great me r cy and he sa id Th is is , ,

”
po ss ibl e if yo u only have faith enough An d th e .

father sa id I have a l ittle b ut oh g ive me eno ugh

, , ,

to make up w hat I lack I t w as the heart s outcry

.
’
.

That case w as more touch ing b ut it w as str ictly an ,

al o o us or parallel to the p r esent one w here the d is

g ,

c i l e s w ere commanded to overcome these selfish and

p
de fective inst incts They saw that it w as beaut iful
.

and r ight and w ante d to do it b ut fell o ff b e fore it

, , ,

Ho w can w e ? and b esough t the Lord

”
and said “
,

to incr ease the ir faith .

It is noticeabl e ho w seldom Jesus taught from the

synagogues or even in the to w ns and c it ies except in ,

Jerusalem Most o f his teach ing s w ere wh il e afoot

.

he slo w ly travelled from to w n to t o w n stopp ing here .

or the r e to w ork som e miracl e paus ing in a fe w in ,

ois ive sentences to reb uke the sel f r ighteous Phar isee
-
,

o r expose the soph istry o f the c ra fty scr ibes or as he , ,

w alked com fo r ted encouraged or in structed his dis

, , ,

ci l e s But w he t her rebu k ing expos ing or instructing

p .
, ,

he s poke almo s t altogethe r in para bles .

On th is j ou rn ey up w ard to w a r d the place o f his

com ing sacrifice th e parables are c r o w ded togeth er
, ,

the one follo w in g cl o s e u pon the heels o f another .

I t w as his favo r it e mo de o f express ing h imsel f .

 R A IS I N G LA AR US Z . 1 63

A parabl e may b e said to b e the portrait o f a moral

truth I t may not b e itsel f a d irec t en unc iation o f a
.

moral tr u th b ut it is a s tory a h istory a novele tte

, , ,

so constructed that it resembles and br ings to the

comprehens ion o f men th is su btle moral truth A .

parable is not to be dissected and its separate parts

l iteral iz ed That destroys it in its very nature Pa r a
. .

bles are moral fa bles They are p ict urings and they
.
,

are to be taken as p ictures a r e in the ir general ,

e ffects and not in the ir m inute me mbe r s A pa ra

,
.

’
bl e is a th ing to be held o ff at a r m s lengt h and to be
t aken as a w hole p icture generally teach ing so me s in
,

gl e and s imple mo r al t ruth If you go close to it and

.

attemp t to tak e it apart and make one part teach on e

th ing and another part anoth er th ing it may b e that
, ,

the th ings are true w hich you des ire to have a ffirme d ,

but the parabl e is destroye d We cannot take l iter .

ally that grea t parable o f the Ju dgment o f the N ation s ,

w hen the Son o f Man shall come in all his Father s

’

glory and holy angels w ith him and he shall sit u pon ,

the th rone o f his glory and be fore him all nat ions shall
,

be gathered and he shall div ide them as a shep he r d

,

his goats from the sheep and so on an d th en the int e r

, ,

locutory conve r sat ion To take any one o f these el e

.

ments and follo w it out as if it w ere a l ite r al truth

w oul d be insan ity Thes e el ements ar e n ecess ary to
.

compl ete th e d rama b u t it is the soul or s ub s ta n ce o f

,

the d r ama that is the tru th and not the aux il iaries ,

and accessories .

And the sam e question com es u p to u s that cam e u p

“
to the d isc iples : Why do yo u talk to them in para
” “
bles ? Bec ause see ing they see not hea r ing they
, ,

hear not To yo u it is g iven to un der s tan d th e my s

.
1 64 RAI S I N G LAZ AR US .

t e ry of k ingd o m o f G o d; to the m no t b e cause

t he ,

the ir eyes are bl inded the ir ears are dea f the ir hearts , ,
”
ar e gross .

No w if one tak e th is from the imp er ial side as the

, ,

scholas t ic theolog ian s have don e and un d erstand th at ,

’
th is is a part o f G od s decre e that som e men shall be ,

bl ind in the ir eyes and dea f in the ir ears an d gross in

the ir hear ts and there fore they cannot un derstand t he
,

tr uth b e w ill go the diameter o f the earth am is s

, .

What it means is v e ry plain Le t an artist set forth .

the exqu is ite b eauty o f tone s t in ts compos itions and , , ,

harmony to a gross l o w bro w ed b r utal sort o f a man ;

,
-
,

to him it is not g iven to s e e color he cannot under ,

s tand art ist ic excellence And so Jesus sa id in e ff ect .

,

Accord ing to w hat men are w ill b e the ir understand ,

Everybody — ch ild man

”
ing o f the th ings I teach
—
.
, ,

p agan C hr
, ist ian all l ike a p icture in th e shape o f a

s tory . And Jesus thre w his sermons in to the shap e o f

s tor ies ; imag inary ones b e cause th e im ag inat ion w ould ,

illum inate them and the memory w ould hang the m in

,

th e hall and they w ould gr adually un fold the ir mea n

,

ing to men .

And then b es ide th ere w ere very w atchful b eres i

, ,

archs then and s ince —me n with hounds n oses w hose

’

, ,

bus iness in l ife is to track out someth ing w rong in othe r

folks men bande d together in parties agains t a sp ir it
ual rel ig ion determ ined to have a partisan rel ig io n
, ,

and to c ut o ff any body that d imin ished t h e ir s trength

and a u thor ity Thes e sat to hear in order that they
.

might cr itic ise an d not rece ive They w ere all aroun d .

about Chr ist in multitudes and th is ba ffl ed them ; the se ,

pro found t ruth s w er e enunc iated in t he se e x quisite

arables
p .
 CHAPTER XXV II .

T HE Y O UN G R UL ER .

AFT ER stopp ing in one o f the to w ns that lay al o ng

his rou t e e it her fo r the n ight or a noon t id e r e s t as
,
-
,

Jesus w as go ing forth ag a in u pon the road the r e o c ,

cu r red the touch ing inc iden t o f the r ich young r ul er .

I t is reco rded by th r ee o f the Evangel is ts Matthe w , ,

Mark and Luk e Ma r k ab ove all the o t he rs g ives the

,
.
, ,

d ramatic character ist ic featu r es o f the transaction He .

alone speaks o f th is man s com ing in t he r oad w ith

’

eagerness and haste He does not men t ion that h e w as

.

a ruler That is m en tion ed in t he other Evan g el ists

. .

His eagern ess w as that w h ich took the eye o f Mark .

The dram at ic aspect o f it ro s e u p b e fore his m ind .

At th is t ime it w as not pe r ilous to follo w the Master .

’
Subsequen tl y in the devel opment o f Ch r ist s m iss ion
th ings had taken such a shape that men did not much
care to avo w the ir dis c ipl esh ip ; b u t n o w enthu siasm
w as at it s full and m en on va r ious occas ions and fo r
,

var ious end s w ere press ing around him and in some
sense iden t ify ing t hemselves w ith him Th is r ul er .
,

w ho certa inly had in many respects an a dmirable

, ,

char acter did not on account o f stand ing reputat ion

, , , ,

or anyth ing o f that k ind scrupl e to come to the

,

Sav iour as to a proph et or to a d iv inely insp ired

,

te ache r ; an d he came on o n e o f the noblest o f e r

 THE Y O UN G R ULE R . 1 67

ran ds It w as not cur ios ity that d re w him it w as not

.

merely a des ire fo r notorie ty st ill less w as it a p urpose

to ga in an advantage over the Master .

In his eagerness h e ran out into the h igh w ay w here

Chr ist w as pass ing and ad dressed him both reverently
,

and affect ionately G ood Master w hat good th ing

, ,

shall I do that I may inher it e tern al l ife Rabb i

w as the fam il iar t itle o f a Je w ish teacher ; and w hen
”
he called him G ood Rabb i it w as a te r m o f end ear ,

.
ment appl ie d to the supposed pro fess ional w ork o f
,

Chr ist .

There has be en much unnecessary d iscuss ion as to

th e r eply o f Chr ist Why calles t thou me good ? the r e
,
”
is none good b ut on e that is G o d It has b e en
, ,
.

e s t e d by so me that th is is one o f the tok ens that

gg
Chr ist did not assert his o w n div in ity; and it is sa id by
others that it is j ust the other w ay — that in it s full ,

fo r ce it is one o f th e t okens that he did asse r t his

d iv in ity that in declaring that there w as b ut one
,

absol utely p erfect B e ing an d assum ing that he w as ,

j o ine d to that One he w as asse r ting that he h imsel f

,

w as absol utely per fect The an s w e r it seems to us

.
, ‘
,

is ne ither the one nor th e other ; it h ad noth ing to do

with that po int ; it had relat ion only to w hat h e con
c e iv e d to be the cond it ion o f the young ruler w ho e v i ,

de n t l y w as a man w ho had se t his m ind upon moral

sel f cul t ure w ho w as honest and ea r nest in it who w as
-
, ,

full o f asp irat ion and w ho had com e to a po int w he r e

, ,

accor ding to the l ight o f the t each ing w h ich he w as

accustomed to r ece ive he real ly did not see w hat oth e r
,

th ing h e could do So he comes t o Chr ist and says

.
,

G ood Maste r w hat good th ing s hall I d o that I m ay

,

inhe r it eternal l ife ? C hr ist in e ffec t says to him : , ,

1 68 THE Y O UN G R ULER .

Yo u are tak ing y our ideas o f p erfection from w hat

you se e about yo u Y our idea is very l im ited and nar
.

ro w . If you suppose that by do ing any one good

th ing or any ser ie s o f good th ings you are go ing to
, ,

make u p the d e fic iency that is in you and that then ,

you will b e perfect you are v ery greatly m istaken

,
.

There is no such th ing as per fection among m en the r e

ar e no good men Y our ideal must b e noth ing short
.

o f G o d h imsel f He is the only absolutely good and

perfect be ing There fore his reply w as in explana
.

t ion o f th e imperfec t conception w h ich his questioner

had o f goodness o f character or personal attainment , ,

and had noth ing w hatever to d o with t he question o f

’
Chr ist s stat ion or th e quest ion as to w hether he w as
, ,

human or d ivine He sa id to the man w hat a Je w

.

w ould have said to him or w hat an ord inary teacher ,

w oul d have sa id : Tho u kno w es t the command

ments ; if thou w ouldst enter into eternal l ife keep
” ”
those commandments The man sa id Wh ich ? as
.
,

mu ch as to say I am not a w are that I ne ed that e x ho r

,

t at io n b ut if there is any commandmen t that I have

n e gl ected w h ich is it ? Jesus sa id Thou shalt do n o
, ,

murder ; thou shal t not comm it adultery ; tho u shal t

n ot s teal ; tho u shal t n ot b ear false witn ess ; de fraud
not ; honor thy father and thy mother ; and tho u shal t
”
love thy ne ighbor as thysel f That w as an ortho .

do x reply ; it w as the reply w h ich a reverent and de

vont age w ould have suggested An d the young man .

said to the Master Al l these th ings have I observed

,
”
and kep t from my youth 1 1 p ; and probably he said it
sincerely an d truly No t that h e fulfilled in the in w ar d
.

S p ir it the very id eal O f every one o f these command

ments ; b ut in so far as they could have an external expo

 1 70 T HE Y O UN G R ULER .

manhood then th ere is one th ing that y o u must do : if

,

thou w ilt be pe rfect go thy w ay sell w hatever thou

, ,

hast and g ive to the poor an d thou shal t have treas

, ,

u r e in heaven ; and come take u the cross and follo w

p , ,
”
me .I t w as a love inv itat ion The eager d es ire o f .

the young man dre w from Chr ist th is sympathy He .

thre w open the doors o f the mo r n ing in his face and ,

l et it sh in e l ike sunr ise on the young man and l ov ing ,

him h e let him se e that h e loved him ; and then in

, ,

th is hour o f the declara t ion o f the soul s love he sa id ’

, ,

“
Come and follo w me ; b e m ine ; break al l the t ies
o u have formed ; sever all yo ur relat ions ; g ive up
y
your property ; go sell eve ry th ing and come and be ,

m ine It w as the open ing o f the harbor o f the Sav

io u r s hea r t to the youn g man had he accepted that
’

love inv itat ion there w ould have b e en on e m ore star

,

in the galaxy o f heroes ; b u t it is sa id that that de cl a

rat ion brought the interv ie w to an end .

The young m a n s face fell

’
He w anted to b e good .
,

b ut n ot so good as th at He w anted to kno w ho w to se

.

c ure eternal l ife b ut with in certa in forego in g cond itions

,
.

He w anted to seek that l ife b ut at the same time ,

h e w anted to mainta in his o ffic ial rel ations to his peo

pl e and his p e r sonal relations to that estate w h ich gave
,

him po w er and pleasu r e He w as w ill in g to b e moral

.

and to do a g r eat deal fo r rel ig ion b ut he w as n o t p r e .

pa r ed to mak e it the ch ie f th ing t he sol e obj ect o f ,

his l ife and to sac r ifice w hate ve r w as incons istent w ith

,

“
So he w as sad at that say ing and w ent a w ay
it .
,

gr ieved .

The quest ion ar ises at once Was that fair in th e ,

Sav iour ? And th e question e ve n goes further than

that Ar e w e to understan d that the S p irit o f Chr is
‘

.
 THE Y O UN G R ULER . 1 71

tianity is adverse to r iches or that it tends to w ard

,

the commun ity o f goods or to w ard what may be

,

call ed the commun istic pr inc ipl e upon the subj ect o f
property ? No Never did l ip u tter severer re p re he n
.

s ion o f the misap p r0 p r iat io n or m isuse o f property

than the Master s ; and ye t no where does he dist inctly
’

declare that the possess ion o f r iches is s in ful or inco n

s istent with the h igher ra nge o f sp ir itual l ife and
po w er The doctr ine o f r iches in the B ible is a very
.

strong d octr ine ; b ut it is ve ry clear tha t throughou t

the Old Testament the prom ised re w ard o f v ir t u e w as
temporal prosper ity .The land S houl d br ing forth
corn ; wine shoul d aboun d ; there shoul d b e o il an d
ol ives w ithout measure ; and it w as th e un iversal nu
de rst anding o f the Je w that temporal prospe r ity r e
s ul t e d from obe d ience to t he comman dments o f G o d ,

and tha t there fore it w as the doctr in e o f heaven that

men should have and that the hav ing if it w ere r ightly
, ,

atta ined was the ev idence o f G od s sm ile on them It

,
’
.

w ould have been imposs ible to ove r turn that doctr ine
w ithout marked res istan ce The attemp t to d o a w ay
.

w ith it w ould have been a groun d and reason fo r tur

b ul e nc e . The idea that the possess ion o f prope r ty
w as incons istent w ith the inher itanc e o f the k ingdo m
o f heaven w ould not have b ee n tolerated B es ides .
,

the d isc iples o f Chr ist had property and he allo w ed ,

the m to hold it in early periods S imon Peter had a .

ho use near or in Capernaum and Chr ist w en t the r e to

,

a feast He w en t to oth er r ich men s houses and p ar

.
’ ‘

t icip a t e d in the fest iv ities o f the ir tables w ithout reb uk

ing them fo r keep ing the ir r iches No w here that he
.

w ent did he lay do w n the l aw that men should not b e

r ich He didnot find fault w ith the pol it ical economy o f
.
1 72 THE Y O UN G R ULER .

men in that respect Nay

he w as on his way to B eth
.
,

any ; that w as w here Mary and Martha and Laz arus

kept house ; and they ev idently had ample means ; and
he never broke u p th e foundations o f that family say ,
“
ing to Mary or Martha or La z arus
,
Part w ith your
, ,
”
p roperty and fo l l o w me It w as not necessary t hat
. .

they should g ive up all they had Indee d in th is very .

,

conversat ion he expla ined h imsel f .

When th e young man h eard that he w en t aw ay

gr ieved .
“
And Jesus looked round about
”
Ho w .

hardly shall they th a t have r iches e n ter into the k ing

dom o f G o d; that is en ter into the k ingdom o f the,

dispos it ion o f th e h igher l ife o f th e soul o f the real

, ,

he igh ts o f the inner be in g The disc iples w ere aston .

ishe d at his words ; b ut Jesus ans w ered aga in and sa id ,

“
unto them Ch ildren ho w hard is it fo r the m tha t
, ,
”
trust in r iches to enter into the k ingdom o f G o d .

There is the expl anat ion For them tha t trus t in r iches .
,

that make the m the ir re fuge the ir p r ide the ir glory , , ,

the ir strength ; fo r t hem that feel that th e ir manhood

is base d u pon the ir money or the ir possess ions ; fo r
the m that make property the ir fortress the ir strong ,

to w er,
fo r them ho w hard is it to en ter th e k ing dom
“
o f G o d! It is eas ier fo r a camel to go through the
eye o f a needl e than fo r a r ich man to enter into the
,

k ingdom o f G o d .

Almost un iversally in that day r iches w ere held

selfishly The alms that w ere g iven w ere m ere osten
.

t at io u s matters They w ere bargains w ith G o d; as if

.

men said I will g ive you so much if y o u w ill g ive m e

,

so much If y o u w ill g ive me heaven I w ill g ive to

.

the poor ”
It w as pay ing a tax to G o d fo r th e prom ise
.

o f bl iss by and by Other wise they w ere intent u po n

.
,
 CHAPTER XXV III .

HEA L I N G T HE B LIN D .

THEY had no w d escende d the vall ey and w ere near

to Je r icho Be fo re the m b ut a sho r t d istance les s than
.
,

t w enty m ile s lay Je r u s al em w here In a fe w days w as to

, ,
’
be enacted the clo s ing scene o f Ch r ist s publ ic m iss ion .

As ye t the disc iples had no idea o f w hat w as be fore

them NO do ub t th ey w ere app r ehen s ive o f the w ell
.

kno w n host il ity o f the rulers and had an il l de fi ne d

,
-

fear that some harm m ight come to Jesus B ut th ough .

tw ice b e fore foretol d they unde r stood n oth ing o f th e

,

real future An d even w hen at th is time Jesus took

.

the m apart and pla inly foretol d the different scenes o f

,

“
the drama so soon to b e enacte d they un derstood ,
”
none o f these th ings . So l ittl e did they comprehend
that even then w he n the S ha do w o f the great dark
, ,

clo u d w as almo s t over them they w ere j eal ously seek

,

ing pre ferment one over th e other in his com ing k ing
do m . On his l ast j ou r ney to w ard Jerusalem and w h ile ,

they w ere approach in g the place o f his last su ffe r ing ,

there fell out among his bosom dis c iples — and one
w ho w as invol ved in it w as ab s ol utely and l iterally
his bo s om disc ipl e a scene w h ich reveal s the real
moral state o f those that w ere w ith him By turn ing .

to the tenth chap ter o f Mark w e shall find that scene

,

“
recounted : Jam es and John the sons o f Z ebedee , ,

came unto him — another evangel ist m od ifies it so

 HEA LI N G T HE B LI N D . 1 75

far as to say that the mother came b r ing ing her t w o

sons ; and she is rep r esented as hav ing spoken to
Chr ist w h ile here th e m e n themselves are r e p r e
,

sented as S peak ing to him ; both statemen ts probably

“
be ing true an d relat ing to th e same h is to ry
,
James
and John —str ange names espec ially that o f John , ,

w hen w e cons ider his repute as the a ffect ionate th e ,

pure the thoroughly insp ired d isc iple to b e involved

, ,

in such b us iness as th is ! James and John the ,

sons o f Z ebedee came un to him s ay ing Maste r w e

, , , ,

w oul d that tho u shouldest do fo r us w hatsoever w e

shal l des ir e .

Ho w t r ue to human nature ! Men w ant a r el ig ion

that w il l do fo r them j u s t w hat they d es ir e .

“
And he sa id un to them What w ould ye that I ,

shoul d do fo r you ? They sa id u nto him G r an t unto ,

us that w e may sit one on thy right hand a rid the

, ,

o t her on thy le ft han d in thy glory ,

.

Th is w as a confiden t ial commun ication b et w een these

o ffice seekers and the K ing that was to b e
-

Jesus sa id unto them Y e kno w n o t w hat ye ask

, .

He unde r stood w hat th ey suppose d his k ingdom w as

to be ; bu t the real k ingdom w as to b e a very d ifferent
one and his m ind passed from the ignobl e concept ion
w h ich they had to the larger one ; and w ith a k ind
o f ine ffable p ity an d sad ness h e sa id Can ye d r ink o f ,

t he c up that I dr ink o f ? and be bapt iz e d w ith the bap

t is m that I am bapt iz ed w ith ?

”

They s imple an d fool ish and w ith the frankness o f

, ,
”
absolute ignorance j umped to ans w er We can
, ,
.

“
AndJesus sa id u n to them Y e shall indeed d r in k ,

o f the cup that I d r ink o f ; an d w ith the bap t is m that I

am bapt iz ed w ithal shall ye b e bapt iz ed ; b ut to s it on
1 76 HEA LI N G THE B LI N D .

my r ight hand and on my le ft hand is no t mine to

g ive ; b ut it S h all b e g iven to them fo r w hom it is
prepared .

No w there w ere ten other men w ho w anted j ust th is

,

o ffice .

“
When the ten heard it they began to b e much dis ,

pleased w ith James and John B ut Jesus called the m .

to him and sa ith unto them Y e kno w that they

, ,

w h ich are accounted to rul e over the G entiles exerc ise

lor dsh ip over them ; an d the ir great ones exerc ise au
t ho r ity u pon them B ut so shall it no t be among yo u
.

b u t w hosoever will be great amo ng you S hall b e your

m in ister —your w aiter ;
,
”
,
and w hosoever o f you will
”
b e ch ie fest shall be servant o f all
,
.

What a s ingular ins ight th is is into th e actual cond i

t ion o f the hearts o f the b est men that Ch ris t met and ,

and that
‘

w hom he had sel ecte d as his o w n d isc iples , ,

too a fter they had heard him fo r t w o years or more !

,

On th is last s olemn j ourney to his cruc ifix ion and ,

under the very shado w o f th e cross tw o o f the d isciples ,

w ere squabbl ing as to who should have preceden ce in

his earthly k ingdom ; and a th ird w as already d ra w ing
near to that temptat ion by w h ich he be trayed his
Master and gave him over to de ath —and yet ho w
, ,

gentl e his reb uke !

O ur Master w as no t w ithout ind ignation at t imes ,

a flam ing ind ignation He had the po w er o f thun der

.

in his nature B ut w hen he saw the d isc iple band

.

committing cr imes aga inst the S p ir itual interests o f his

k ingdom compass ion so r ro w and love w e r e exc ited in
, , ,

him and h e called the m to him ; and w ith the utmost

,

gentleness sav ing the ir fe el ings he O pened up to the m

, ,

the real w ay o f the s p ir it o f b r otherhood .

1 78 HEA LI N G TII E B LI N D .

move on In this to us strange w ay our Sav iour ao

.

compl ished th e greater pa r t o f his teach ing He w ent .

about d o ing good And al ong the path o f such w an

.

de rings it w as that he met t he occas ions fo r his mo s t

w onder ful m iracles .

I t w as such a prog r e ss as t h is tha t had n o w j ust

b egun .

The contrast to th is p ictu r e coul d not have been

thro w n in m ore a r t is t ic ally by O ppo s it ion o f c ir cum ,

stances had the scene b een ar r anged me r ely fo r e ffect ;

,

fo r in t ruth n a t u r e and l ife ar e the t r ue artist s

, , .

A bl ind m an there w as s itt ing by the w ays ide Oh

,
.
,

to be bl ind ! To see n o face ; to read no book ; to b e

hol d no fiel d o r tree or flo w e r ; t o h ave no mo r n ing
, ,

and n o even ing but u nbroken n ight foreve r ; to see no

,

com in g spr ing no ch anges in th e p urpl ing bark o f yet

,

unl eave d t r ee s ; no sp r outing grass no com in g b irds ; ,

to see n e ithe r father n or mother n e ith e r fr iend n o r ,

compan ion ; and oh to lose the in e ffabl e b ounty o f ,

G o d in l ittle ch ild r en that fill the eyes w ith such ,

d el igh t that one m ight fo r hours ask only to w ander

and g az e upon the m to b e among those that see and
“
n o t to se e ; to b e un able to l ook w hen one c r ies Lo ,
”
here 10 th e r e ! t o almost fo r get that on e cannot
,

see an d accept darkness as if it w ere l igh t t im id step s

, ,

and grop ing fo r manly w alk ing

,
th is is indeed a ,

b itter th ing !
B ut to b e bl ind and be a beggar ; to mak e misfo r
tune t he cap ital o f trade ; to pa ra de s ightless eyes ;
t o s it w ith pro fe s s ion al e x p e c t an cy t il l t he face fixes
it s el f to the p iteous look o f mend icancy ; t o sol ic it
and gathe r n o t hin t o become u s ed to rebu ff an d
on
D a

n egl ect ; to s it al l day by the st reet or roa d as a ,

 HEA LI N G T II E B LI N D . 1 79

fisher by a stream ; to cast angle fo r a dole as he his ,

ba it fo r a h un g ry fi sh th is is b itter ; b itterer ye t if
,

the v ict im feel s his degradat ion an d still w o rse if he ,

does not ; fo r then the man is bl ind in w ardly — he has ,

lost t w o pa irs o f eyes t he out w ard and the inner

, .

It w as such a one that sat begg ing by the w ays ide

n ear to Jer icho Past him there w ould fl o w the doubl e
.

stream He had chosen his place sk il fully It w as

. .

w here t w o stream s met th e com ing in and th e go ing

,

ou t o f the people to and fr o m the c ity ; those w hose

,

h —
j ourney w as alm ost don e and w o fel t good nat ured at ,

the prospect o f soon reach ing home and those w ho ,

w ere j ust go ing a w ay and w ere l ith e and fresh upon

,

the outset o f the ir travel No step coul d fall and his .

e ar no t detect it Rendered acute by ser v ing fo r t w o

.

senses the ear d iscr im inated w hether it w as an old

,

man by the heavy and un sp r ing ing tread ; or m idman

,

hood by it s ene rgy and haste ; or y outh by it s nimble

, ,

ness and w ay w ardness : w hethe r the so ft step w as a

m aiden s or the heavy tramp a sol die r s
’ ’
.

To such an ear there ca me a sound w h ich it could

not m iss What w as it ? Many feet and the murmur
.
,

ing sound o f vo ices An army ? Was there an ins ur

.

rect ion then ? I t w as n o t a measured tread ; it w as

,

no army Was it some pro cess ion o f people fo r rel ig

.

ious observance ? No festival day w a s th is Such .

days w e r e too good harvests fo r the bl ind man to m iss

th e calen dar o f char ity It w as a strange sound com .

ing on dra w in g nearer He turned to it No w . .

came the c l earer s ounds o f those that led the cro w d .

The ir vo ices gre w n ear and he c ried out as th ey came , , ,

ask ing w hat it meant The more a ffabl e o f them told

.

”
him ,
Jes us o f Na z areth passes by .
1 80 HEA LI N G THE B LI N D .

What th in g has happened to him ? His face g ro ws

pal e He trembles all over His hands begin to learn
. .

a n e w a r t o f suppl icat ion What w as the re in th is .

name Jesus o f Na z a r eth that s h o uld w ork such an

, ,

exc itemen t as fills the poor beggar ? Ah ! he had heard

o f him Who had not I t w as he w ho had ra is ed the
.
?

dy ing from death I t w as he w ho had restored cr ip ples

.

inn umerable He had touched w ith coolness those

.

t ha t w ere parched w ith fe vers Wherever he w en t .

somebo dy got well Whoever had a ilments and came .

,

to Jes u s w as heal ed o f w hatsoever plague he had The

, .

ne ws w as not sl ugg ish Eve rybody had heard o f it . .

The very air w as full o f it He had heard and pon

dere d it He had doub tless kno w n that Ch r ist had
.

p ut clay on the eyes o f a bl ind m an — a man bl ind

fro m b ir th and restored him to S igh t Kn o w w ho it
-
.

w as ? Ind eed he did! he had prom ise d h imsel f n o ,

doubt o ft en th at if e ver he had a chance there should

, ,

be an O p portun ity fo r a n e w m iracl e And n o w oh .

, ,

u nl o bk e dfo r happ iness ; oh j oy ful chance ! here came

-

that very be ing w ho had filled the land w ith tumult ,

the pr iests w ith rage and the people w ith j oy , .

Our troubl es are not a t all times al ike t r oublesome

to u s Even the sea ceases its mot ion at t imes and
.
,

it s sur f fo r ge ts to murmur G r ie fs and cares b itter .

,

memor ies a nd heavy troubles interm it the ir tyranny

, ,

to come aga in w it h re doubled oppress ions Like t ides .

,

sorro w s s eem som et imes to fl o w o ut and l eave the

san ds bare But aga in they so metimes rush in u pon
.

us l ike t ides as if they feared that some th ing should

,

have s natched from them the ir la wful prey .

An d j u s t so doubtl ess came over th is begg ing bl ind

, ,

man at th is moment an unu t terable pang at the con

, ,
1 82 HEA LI N G T HE B LI N D .

adv ice ?He walked over it as lordly as ever a k ing

“ ”
w alked among peasan t s Nay h e cr ied the mo r e a , ,
“ ”
g reat d eal Tho u son o f D av id have me r cy on me
, , .

The attempt to stop him only exc it e d him and made ,

more impetuous tha t w h ic h w as su ffic ien tly earne s t

b e fore .

No w the scene changes ; the cro w d surge and stop , ,

and ga t he r a r ound the cen tre ; fo r the Master has

hea r d and se en an d he kno ws all
,
Jesus stood still .
,

and command ed him to be called An d no w all w e r e .

cur io us and w ith that fi tful change w h ich is so char

,

ac t e ris t ic o f the ignoran t they w ho be fore had b een

,

clamorous to k eep him st ill ran good nat uredly to s ay ,

-

“
to him Be o f good com fort r ise ; he calleth thee
, ,
.

An d the bl ind man

”
casting a way his ga rment thro w
, ,

ing everyth ing a w ay that encumbered him sprang ,

to w ard the sound and w ondered w hen ce it came He

, .

“
ro s e and cam e to Jesus ”
He coul d not se e him
. .

He could only kno w o f his presence by the sound o f

his vo ice . An d Jesus ans w e r ed and sa id unto him ,

What w il t thou that I should do unto thee ? ”

He
kne w w hat he w anted to have done b u t Christ al ways .

loved t o b e asked “
The bl ind man said unto him
.
,
”
Lo rd that I m igh t rece ive my s ight
,
There w as not .

in all the w orld another th ing that he w ould have

Christ to g ive him He m ig ht have o ffered him
.

w ealth ,
honor al l bounty o f l ife ; but the intense
,

d es ire o f his soul w as w rapped u p in that one th ing

C ure m e o f my a ilment ; g ive m e l igh t ; make me as
other men that see the sun and all the fair th ings o f ,
”
earth ; heal me Then Chr is t spak e and it w as don e
.
,
.

He that brough t forth the l ight in the morn ing o f crea

’
tion , by a w ord brought da w n u pon th is bl ind man s
,
 HEA LI N G THE B LI N D . 1 83

eyes He sa id to him G o thy w ay ; thy f aith hath

.
,
“
”
made the e w hole. Immed iately he rece ived his s ight ,

and follo w ed Jesus in the w ay .

Here w as another o f those marvels The cro w d no

.
,

longer ind ifferent n o w d o ub tless gathe red about to

,

partic ipate in the w ondrous jo y and pra ised G o d

, ,

w hen the man began to g ive utterance to his p ious

feel ing. It seems that he saw t w ice He s aw with
.

the out ward man and w ith the in w ard man ; and he
w as healed more than he h imsel f mean t to be .
 C HAPTER XX I X .

T HE A PPRO A C H O F T HE PA S S O VER .

THE Passover w as near at hand — that most sacred o f

,

all th e Je w ish feasts T he devo u t Je ws fr om all the

.

country around came flock ing to the mother c ity tha t ,

in o l d Jer usalem they m ight pu r ify themselves and ,

eat the Passove r ; fo r w herever a J e w m ight be called

by bus iness or necess ity Jerusal em only w as his home
, .

As they gathe r ed in l ittle groups ; naturally the con

versation turned to th is w onderful p rophe t w hose
p r each ing and w hose m iracles had made such a commo
t ion throughout all J udaea b ut espec ially in Jerusal em
,

hersel f
.

Whether fr iendly or hostile every one though t or

,

talked o f him The recent ra ising o f Laz arus and

.

still more recen t heal ing o f B ar t ime us w ere texts

enough fo r many a w ordy w ar — the sc rib es and ,

Phar isees doubtless t ry ing to bel ittle these events ,

w h ile those w ho sa w the m iracles and the ir fr iends ,

t o w hom the stor ie s w ere tol d n ever t ired o f repeat

,

ing them w ith w onde r s add ed at each repet it ion

, .

Men love the w ond er ful and so rap idly did th e

,

n umber gro w o f those w ho bel ieved in the m iracles

and w ho w ere eage r to see the w onder w o rker that -

,

the rul e rs b egan to me ditate the desperate exped ient

o f k ill ing La z arus too He w as al toge ther too eloquent
.

and conv inc in g a n argu ment He w as a stubborn fact

.
,
 THE A PPR OA CH OF T HE PA S S O VER . 1 85

and they could only find one w ay o f ans w er ing him .

”
i him and le t s see if he w ill be ra ised aga in
“ K ll ’
.
,

B ut there did n ot seem to be any p r etext conven ien t ,

to hand on w h ich they could condemn him and des

, ,

perate as the v were they hes itated be fore resorting to

,

assass inat ion They consulted plann ed w atched and

.
, , ,

m ight perhaps in t ime have found some acc usation .

that w ould have been pressed to ser ious results through

th e conven ient means o f suborn ed witnesses had no t ,

Jesus h imsel f j ust then reappeared an d absorbed in ,

himsel f all the ir thoug hts and attent ion .

There had been much quest ion ing and w on dering .

W ould he return to Je rusalem to keep the feast ? He

had so o ften sho w n such calm qu iet fea rl essness that
,

n ot withstand ing the kno wn threat e n ing hostil ity o f

the rulers it w as more than hal f bel ieved he w o uld
,

re turn If as many thought he w as a prophet w hat

.
, , ,

b etter O pportun ity fo r p r each ing coul d h e des ire than

w hen all Je w ry w as assembled at th is the feast ?
Al l w ere sha r ply on the l ooko u t T he ch ie f pr iests
.

and the Phar isees had take n pa ins to b e in formed th e

moment he w as seen and had comman ded that if any
,

man kne w w h e r e he w as he should let them kno w that ,

they m ight take him at once be fo r e he had t ime by

,

some n e w m iracl e to gather too great a thro n g about

him ; fo r they dared not take him fro m the m idst o f a
mult itud e In the first place it w ould h ave b een w ell
.

n igh imposs ible to have got at him b ut eve n if they,

had reached him the o fficers or sold ie r s who sho uld

,

then lay v iolent hands on him w ould have been torn

to p ieces by the p eopl e The Je w s w ere an exc itabl e
.

peopl e qu ick to rou s e an d q uick to forget The com

,
.

mon people w e r e not d eeply in love w ith the rul ers ,

1 86 T HE A P PR OA C H OF THE P A S S O VE R .

the Pha r is ees or th e w ealthy classes ; fr om the s e they

,

had rece ived only in s ults contem p t and oppress ion

, , ,

and had l ittle sympa t hy w it h t hem So long as the ir .

national sel f love was no t tou c hed they did not care
-

ho w much Jes us vexe d the r ule r s ; they r ather enj oyed

t he con fus ion and de fea t o f th e c ra ft y scr ibe s w hen

some d irect c utt ing retort o f Jesu s le ft them de fence

,

less I t w as a tre at to see those p ro ud contemptuou s

.
,

Phar isees w ho thought no mo r e o f the people than o f so

,

many cattle hum il iated by th is qu iet Naz arene h imsel f

, ,

one o f the common people Andw hen the ir enthus iasm

.

w as enk indled by his acts o f sympathet ic char ity w hen ,

they saw the ir ch ildren the ir fr iends and ne ighbors

,

healed o f the ir in fi r mities if then any attempt had

,

been made to se iz e Jesus it w oul d have utte rly fa iled ,

and those w ho sough t it w oul d have b een l ikely to have

rece ived an ovation o f ston es .

None kne w th is be tter than th e rul ers th e msel ves ,

and non e kne w b etter that if they could se iz e Jesus by

stealth keep him ou t o f S igh t fo r a time and make
, ,

him out a national enemy a fr iend o f the hated Romans

, ,

the fickle rabbl e w ould turn against him as read ily

as th ey n o w follo w ed him They there fore kept them
.

selves fully in formed w herever he w ent and w hatever

he did w aiting only fo r a favorable opportun ity
,
.

Jes us not unnaturally made his home at first in B e th

any probably stay ing w ith La z arus and his s isters He
,
.

w as near Jerusalem in th e m idst o f fr iends w h il e the

, ,

cro w ds w ho came w ith the double c ur ios ity o f see ing

him and La z arus prevented any molestat ion by his ene
m ies Though near at hand his t ime had not yet
.

come The rulers o f the syn agogue had sought Jesus

.

to take him b u t no w he sought them he came to

, ,
1 88 THE A P P R OA CH OF TIIE P A S S O VE R .

none dared stay him or interfere Da ily he ta u ght in

, .

the Temple ret ir ing at even ing acro s s the valley to the
,

Mo un t o f Ol ives .

D ur ing these v is its to th e Templ e there occurred a

se ries o f coll is ions not hal f so v iv id in the sac r ed con
,

t e xt as they must have been in real ity There is n o .

phenom enon recorded in all h is to ry that is fo r one mo

ment to be compared in pro found p sycholog ic al inter
est w ith the l ife o f so noble and s p iritual a c r eatu r e as
Jesu s even in his earthly relat io ns His heavenly
,
.

m indedness and moral w isdom and pe r sonal grandeur

stood out in ma rked contrast w ith the w orl dly sagac ity ,

the cunn ing ph ilo s ophy the sel f seek ing z e al and p iety
,
-
,

o f the scholars and teachers o f the Je w is h nat ion .

It runs th r ough a l ong ser ies ; t here w as a large

n umber o f confl icts ; an d each one o f them has in it
w onder ful contents .

The m in is t ry o f John the Bapt ist m a de a strong im

1
press ion upon the m ind o f Je s us ; and as w e have seen ,

the j udges o f the Te mpl e and the synagogue looked

u pon John w ith g r eat d ista s te We can imag ine w ith
.

w hat dis favo r these da in t ily reared Je w s w hose p iety ,

had led to refinement w ho had m ixed w ith the G reeks

, ,

and w ho w e r e fam il iar w ith Roman c iv il iz at ion w ou l d ,

l ook upon t he incu r s ion o f such a r ude re fo r mer r ig ht

fr om the w ilde r ness .

Then John w as rather ir r evere n tial

,
He did not .

seem to have any regard fo r th e r e gular ch urch or ,

fo r chu rch author it ies His exho r tat ion w as fo r th e

.

most part ve ry hum il iat ing to them If he had had .

the po w er to go into the synagogue and expoun d the

Scr iptures in a regular w ay or if h e had b een abl e to
,

1
Vo l I Chap t er 5
. . .
 THE A PP R OA C H OF T HE P A S S O VER . 1 89

perfor m the Templ e se r v ice w h ich in the later days ,

o f his t ime incl uded much inst r uc t ion it w ould have ,

bee n a very d ifferent th ing ; b ut he did n o t go into

the c ity ; he avo ided la rge conco urses o f peo ple ; and
they tha t w o uld hear him teach m us t go do w n w here
he w as .

Long a fter that w h en Jes us met these me n face to

,

face as John does not appear to have done he mad e

, ,

allus ion to th is same cond ition o f th ings and d eclared ,

to them John w ho m y o u des p ised did n o t asp ire to

“
, , ,

be an em inently S p iritual teacher he did not r ise to the ,

h igher demands o f rel ig ious e x pe r ience He came in .

the w ay o f r ighteousness ; and the w ay o f r ighteo usne s s

is the w ay o f the re format io n o f cond it ion ; and you
b el ieved him not He gave the m to understa nd that
.
”

he h imsel f came to the m not s imply in th e w ay o f ,

r ighteousness b ut as a sp ir itual teach e r to g ive them

, ,

more t ranscendent v ie w s lo ftier conceptions o f w hat

, ,

G o d requ ires .

“
B ut no w comes the sever ity : The publ icans and
the harlots b el ieve d him : and ye w he n ye had seen ,
”
it repented not a fter wa r d that ye m ight bel ieve him
, , .

The p ubl icans and the ha rlots go into the k ingd o m o f

”
G o d be fore you .

What an a w ful th ing that w as t o say ! Cons ider

w hat the Sanhedr im w as that had in it some such ,

men as Nicodemus ! If there w as one there w ere ‘

more .We have intimat ions that there w ere It is .

bad enough t hat among them w e re men w ho fo r fear

o f the Je w s d id n ot da r e to avo w the ir conv ict ions .

B ut cons ider Christ stand ing calmly in the Temple

,

and look ing upon the fac e s o f the r ip es t scholars an d

teacher s that Jud aca had produced men that w ere the ,
1 90 THE A P PR OA C H OF THE P A S S O VER .

flo w er o f Je rusalem in the ir da int iness in the ir strict

, ,

n ess in the ir Sabba t h O bser v ances in the ir r itual fidel ity

, ,

to the Temple in the ir s t e ad fas t adhes ion to the syn

,

agogue ; cons ider him l ift ing h imsel f u p and w ith that
, ,

eye be fore w h ich at t imes no man coul d stand l ook ing

“
u p o n them all and say ing ,
The p ubl icans and harlots
,

S hall enter th e k ingdom o f G o d b e fore you

”
.

What w as t he mean ing o f all th is ? Did then our , ,

Sav iour hold that exto r t ion O p press ion and d iss ipat ion , ,

and l usts w ere less w icked than men had though t them
to b e M ight a ma n w allo w in ill ic it cou r ses and b e ,

steeped in th e l o w est v ices and ye t stand less condemn ,

abl e be fo r e G o d than h e w as be fore men ? No Prob .

ably there never l ived a b e ing to w hose eyes v ice

and crime w ere so exceed ingly S in ful a s they w ere
to the eyes o f C hrist No one con demned more
.

strongly than he the stupendous w ickedness o f such

mo ral degradation .

Was it then on the other hand to be understood

, , ,

that care fulne s s o f l ife decency o f intercourse in s o

,

c ie t regula r it y o f w o r sh ip in the synagogu e and at

y , ,

ten tion to th e d uties o f the Templ e had no value ? Did

our Sav io ur und ertake to say that the me n w ho made
it a matter o f study to l ive r ight every day w ere o f no
account at all No .

What then w as the fact ? It w as th is : Here w as

, ,

a cl a ss o f men that w ere s in ful in th e ex t r eme They .

made n o preten ce o f be ing moral They kne w they .

w ere s in ful They fel t it

. When John came they real
.

iz e d the ir need o f repen t ance They saw that they .

“
w ere un done and sa id ,
If G o d has any pardon w e
, ,
”
ar e the ve ry ones that need it They lent a w ill ing .

ear to the gospel There was someth ing in the a ir

.
1 92 T HE A PPR OA CH OF T HE P A S S O VER .

The n in pla iner parable s w ho s e m e an ing they coul d

,

not m is s a imed stra igh t at them Jesus condemned

, ,

the s e p rie s ts an d Phar isees .

Noth ing b ut the mul t itude prevented them from at

once lay ing v iol e n t hands on him Fear ing to use v io .

l ence they la id the ir plans to catch him in some nu

guarded heresy in some careless utter ance w h ich
,

m ight e ither provoke the inte rference o f Roman

au t hor ity or a w ake n the p r ej ud ices o f the people .

Sh re w dly they asked if th ey should pay tribute to t he

Romans Th is t im e they w e r e sure th ey w o ul d catch
.

him on one o f the t w o horns o f a d ilemma .

To b e obl iged to pay tr ibute to t he ir conque rors w as

hate ful to the Je w s and h e w ho S ho ul d comm en d th is
,

tribu te w ould speed ily lose caste in the ir eyes On .

th e other hand to repud iate the tr ibute w as to rebel

,

aga inst Roman au thority w hen the Roman G overnor ,

w ould have p r omptly inte r fered in a manner t ha t

w ould have saved the pr iests and Phar isees al l further
trou bl e .

Y e t ho w pe rfectly s imple w as Je s us s ans w er

’
See .

ing th r ough the ir des igns he charges them to t he ir ,

faces w ith hypocr isy and then demands to see the ,

tr ibute mon ey The money is b rought a Rom an co in

.
, ,

w ith the image and superscr ipt ion o f Caesar Hold ing .

it be fore the ir eyes he calmly ans w ers them

,
Render ,

t here fore unto Caesar the th ing s w h ich are Caesar s

’

,
”
a n d un t o G o d the th ings w h ich are G od s
’
.

The re w a s no fur the r d ispo sit ion to d iscuss th is

“
branch o f pol it ic al econo my They held the ir peace ,
”
le ft him and w ent a w ay
,
The Pha r is e e s w ere fo r th e
.

pre s ent satisfie d and r et ired from t he field The Sad

, .

duce e s doubtless not sorry at the disco mfi t u re o f the ir

,
 THE A P P R OA CH OF T HE P A S S O VE R .
1 93

old r ivals n o w came fo r w ard w it h a p uz z le o f the ir o w n

, ,

w h ich t hey had s k il fully p r epa r ed D ur ing the p r og .

’
ress o f these d iscuss ions w h ich J e s us s p r esence p r o ,

v o k e d every one o f t he schools and almo s t eve ry one

, ,

o f the fact ions had the ir t urn in p r opo und ing to him
,

the ir d ifferen t q ues t io n s .

The ph ilosophy o f the Je w s con s isted largely o f p u z

z l e s and r id d
,
les and en igmas and prove r bs and dark
, , ,

say ings — l ittle cur ios ities o f ingenu ity w h ich re p re

,

sented no sol id and substan t ial truth .

T h is question w h ich they p r opo unded is a spec imen

o f the w ay in w h ich they taught ; fo r th is w as c o n s id

ered to be very sound by the pro fo u nd o f t he Sadd u

cees w ho did not bel ieve that there w as to be a ny
,

re s urrection ; who pro fessed to follo w consc ientiously

the Je w is h Scr iptu r es and to be the t r uest o f the r e p
,

r e s e n t a t iv e s o f Moses and his inst itute s Accord ing t o .

the system o f the Je w s by w h ich the p roperty w as to ,

be k ept in the several fam il ies o f the tr ibe if a man ,

d ied his wido w w as taken to his next brother and she ,

b ecame his w ife ; fo r polygamy w as perm it ted in the ,

early Je w ish h istory at any rate So they p r opound ed ,

.

a case There w ere seven brothers and in t urn they

.
,

all conven iently d ie d fo r the purpose o f the story and , ,

the w oman pa s sed fro m one to another and b ecame , ,

in success ion accord ing to th is sys te m o f the Je w s

, ,

“ “ ”
the w ife o f each No w say they . in the o t h er , ,

l ife w ho s e shall she b e — fo r all se v en had her The .

“
ans w er o f the Sav io ur w as th is substant ially : Yo u ,
”
are a se t o f ignorant fools ! It w as couched in other
language b ut it came to that He sa id Y e d o e rr
,
“
.
, ,
”
n ot kno wing the S cr iptu r es nor the po w er o f G o d ,
.

I t w as say ing in other w ord s ,

Ye bl un der ; and the :

VO L . II .
—1 3
1 94 T II E A PP R OA C H OF THE P A S S O VER .

ignorance your stup id blunder is tw o fold — fi rst

of ,

from a w an t o f kno w ledge o f your o wn Sc r iptu r e s ,

and second from a lack o f unde rs tand ing the l aw o f

th ings the everlast ing l aw o f natu r e —that is the
, , ,
“ ” “ ”
po w er o f G o d For sa id h e
. in th e r e s u rr ec
, ,

t ion th ey ne ither marry n or are g iven in marriage ,

”
b u t ar e as the angels o f G o d .

He did not say ho w th is was He l ikened them to .

th e angels but did not tell us ho w the angels w ere I t

, .

w as rather negat ive He d ecla r ed that one potential

.

un iver sal part o f the economy o f human l ife w ith all its ,

inc idents and concom itants stopped at the grave Th is

, .

is the part o f man out o f w h ich mult itud inous h isto ry ,

good and bad is der ived B ut use ful as it is it ceases

,
.
,

and does not go on into the other l ife ; and it seems

very natu ral s in ce man is a double be ing b orn fo r th is
, ,

lo w er l ife in trans ition and fo r mat ion fo r a l ife to

,

come that a port ion o f th e po w ers or facult ies w h ich

,

fi t him espec ially fo r th is lo w er l ife w hen they shall ,

have performed the ir function w ill as it w ere l ike the , , ,

calyx o f a flo w er w ither and fall back and that into

, ,

th e o the r l ife w e s hall carry only t hose parts o f our

nature w h ich are h ighest and noblest and w h ich have
, ,

rel at ion to the sp ir itual rather than to the phys ical .

T here fore th e reply o f our Master to th is quest ion in

re ference to th e future state is not only rema rkable fo r
w hat it says b ut is qu ite as re markabl e fo r w hat it
,

leaves unsa id For b oth here an d every where one w ill

.

be struck w hen he comes to analy z e it in the l igh t

,

o f modern inqu ir ies and mo d ern kno w ledge w ith ho w ,

l ittle is ac tually taugh t us in respect to the other state

“
in the B ibl e It is declared that Chr ist brought l ife
.

”
and immortal ity to l ight as he did; b ut he certainly
,
1 96 THE A PPR OA C H OF T HE P A S S O VE R .

p u r su ing C h ris t w ith these catch que s t ion s u nt il he set ,

“
the m do wn w it h some such an s wer that no man a fter
t hat d ur s t as k him any quest ion He aske d Wh ich is .
”
,
”
the fi rs t commandment o f all ? Th is w as among t he
ca s u is t ical qu e s t ion s that w e r e br uited about from one
to ano th e r A s if it ha d any part icular importance to
.

men w ho did not intend to keep any o f t he m !

Jesu s ans we r e d him The fir s t o f all the command
,

m ents is Hear O I s rael ; t he Lord o ur G o d is one

, ,

Lord ; a nd tho u shal t love the Lo r d thy G o d w ith all

thy hear t and w it h all thy so ul and w it h all thy m in d
, , ,

and w it h all thy st r ength : th is is the firs t command

m ent . And the second is l ike namely t h is Tho u shal t , ,

l o ve thy ne ighb or as thysel f T here is none other .

commandmen t g reate r than these A nd the scr ib e sa id .

”
u nto him Well Master tho u has t s a id th e truth
, , , .

His bette r sense his moral sense rece ived s uch sud
, ,

de n illum inat ion t hat he w as honest ; and he o w ned

that the thrus t had been fa irl y pa r r ied ; and he also
ev ince d some Sl ight adm irat ion and sens ib il ity to the ,

subj ect in question .

Well Master thou hast sa id the truth : fo r there is

, ,

one G o d; and there is none other b ut he : and to love

him w ith al l t he heart and w ith all the understand ing
, ,

and w it h al l t he s oul an d w ith all the strength and to

, ,

love his ne ighbo r as h im s el f is more than all w hol e ,

b urnt o ffer ings an d sacr ifices An d w hen Jesus saw

'

that h e ans w ered disc r e e t l v he sa id unto him Tho u

, ,

art not far fro m the k ingdo m o f G o d .

That is the las t w e hea r o f th is man He p r obably .

w as l ike ten thousand me n in our day w ho have the ir ,

moments o f rad iant in s igh t and v is ion o f the h ighes t

character and fo r the t ime s t and in the l ight b ut r e
, ,
 T HE A P P R 0 A C H OF THE PA S S UVE R .
1 U7

cede and go among th e ir compa nions and pl un ge aga in

into the c urrents that have floate d th e m b e fo r e and ,

lose it all so that it become s me r ely a po in t o f memory

, ,

— not a po int o f develop men t not a po in t o f n e w ih ,

fl ue nce not the first step o f elevation b ut s imply a

, ,

cur ious recoll ect ion .

No further attempt appears to have been made to

tr ip J esus by questions o r p u z z les His r epl ies w e r e so
.

u tterly unans w erable h e saw w ith such clea r ness into

,

the ir des igns th a t the ir plan s fo r inj u ry invar iably

,

reco iled upon themselves .

B u t no w he h imsel f takes the in it iat ive aga in and in ,

scorch ing w o r ds a r raigns the sc r ibe s and Phar isees fo r

the ir hypocr isy and can t Scath ing as l igh tn ing ter
.
,

r ible in it s truth ful ness his denunc iation spreads dis

,

may am o ng them .

Jesus cha rges the people that to the exte nt the

scr ibes and Phar isees rep r esen t the l aw and settled in
s t it u t e s o f the ir rel ig ion they w ere to b e obeyed ; bu t

that the ir personal exampl es w ere no t to b e follo w ed .

“
The scr ibes and Phar isees s it in Moses seat ; all
’

w hatsoever there fore they b id ye obse r ve t hat observe ,

and do ; b ut do not ye a fte r the ir wor k s fo r they say ,

and do n ot For they b ind heavy b u r de ns gr ievous

.

to be b o rne and lay them on m en s shoul de r s bu t

,
’

they themselves will not move them w ith one o f the ir

”
finge rs .

And ye t in one w ay the scr ibes and Phar isee s w ere

among the best peo pl e a t the tim e o f our Sav iour .

There w ere a g r eat m any bad men among them as he ,

leaves us no doub t ; b u t on the o the r han d r ega r d ing

, ,

them h istor ically they stood in rel at ion to the Je w is h

,

peo pl e very m uch as the Pur itans stand in relat ion to

1 98 T HE A PP R OA C H OF THE P A S S O VE R .

us with a great many exte rnal faults b ut a ft e r all the

, , , ,

prese r ve r s o f constitut ional l iberty and pro foundly ia ,

fl ue n t ial in the ma intenance and S p r ead o f sp ir itual

and rel ig ious though t .

The Phar is ees had the ir or ig in d ur ing the Capt iv ity .

They found the ir people transported into a fore ign

count ry surroun de d w ith eve ry temptation to idolatry
, ,

the ir interests b iass ing them th e ir memo ry gro wing

,

fo rget ful l iable to lear n the precept s and hab its o f a

,

pagan rel ig ion ; and the Phar is ees set about sav ing
the people from th is fate They there fore began to .

teach them in the w ay o f th e rel ig ion o f the ir fathers ;

and as many o f the institutes o f Moses w ere rather
ad ap ted to national l ife in the ir o w n country and ,

there fore n eeded som e mod ificat ion w hen the Israel
ites w ere ca r r ied into another land it w as a par t o f the ,

duty o f the Pha r isees to inst itute or readopt the Mosa ic

economy ; and so they did preserve t o a certa in ex ,

ten t a large body o f t he Je w ish people in the fa ith

,

of th e ir fa thers sav ing them,

from pagan ism — fro m ,

idolat ry .

But w hen they returned to the ir o w n lan d th is ,

tendency th is attemp t to hold me n by the r igor o f

,

customs and law s and O b servan ces b ecame excess ive ,

and u n de r neath it finally the r e w as developed doubl e

m indedne s s an exte r ior con form ity to th ings that are
,

r ight and an in t er ior co rr u p tion o f motive I n the ir

,
.

han ds in the t ime o f the S av iour w as sub stan t ially all

, ,

the r el ig ious influence o f t he day A g reat many good .

men w ere among them b ut those that w e r e in th e

,

ascendency — the h igh p r iest and those that c o O per -

ated w ith him — w ere in pol itical a ffil iat ion w it h the ir
oppressors ; and it b ecame n eces s ary there fore that , ,
200 T HE A P P R O A C H OF T HE PA S S O VE R .

t re mel y care ful not to eat unt il t hey had w ashed the ir
hands no matter ho w clean they w ere They w ould
, .

not touch a dead body In no w ay w ould they v iolate .

the r itu al l aw A t t he sam e t ime they were almost

.

h eartless They w ere gros sly selfish gra s p ing amb i

.
, ,

t ious and corrupt ; and Ch rist charged them w ith al

,

most every cr ime He says : Y o u pay t ithe o f m int

.
,

an ise and cumm in b ut the w e ight ier matters o f the

, ,
”
l a w the great natural v irtues and d ut ies yo u negl ect
, , .

I t w ill b e observed t hat those w e ight ier ma tters o f the

l aw w h ich they om itted w ere j u dgmen t or j ustice ; ,

equ ity or fairness ; honesty or truth bet w een man an d

, ,

man ; mercy or k indness and good n ess to w ard all

,

mank ind ; and faith or th e recogn it ion o f the inv is ible

,

G o d o f the sphere o f his ex istence an d o f the ir du ties

, ,

to w ard him These great fundam ent al matters they

.

did not care anyth ing about ; bu t in s w eep ing by the ,

ma r ket place if the ir garme n t sho ul d happen to st rike

'

a d ead body they must resort to a prescr ibed ceremony

,

o f cleans ing to remove the ta int If there w as any .

se r v ice due to the Temple they saw that it w as mi ,

n u t el y an d fa ith fully p e r formed If it had not been .

scrup ul ously fulfill ed the ir consc ience s w ould have

smote the m B ut they m ight v iolate all the canons
.

o f moral ity and n ot feel a part icle o f remorse

,
.

T hey w ere s o busy w it h the instruments o f rel ig ion ,

and the doctr ines o f rel ig ion and the customs o f rel i ,

g ion that they had l ittl e O ppo r tun ity to take care o f
men or to b e intereste d in them or t o see w hat the
, ,

p r ov idence o f G o d w as do ing amon g them or to w atch ,

the movement o f th ings good or bad ,

.

The ground w as s h ak ing un der t he ir feet ; they

w e r e s t an ding on t he e v e o f even t s w h ich w ere to
 TH E A P P R OA C H OF T HE PA S S O VE R .
201

ecl ipse the glory o f the Je wish peopl e ; they w ere

w ith in a h and s bread th o f t he greatest catast r oph e
’

that had ever v is ited the ir nation ; they w ere w it h in an

a rm s length o f that revol ut ion w h ich w a s to b r ing
’

do w n the ir cap ital and scatter the ir people ; already

t he symptoms w ere in the sk y and the trembl ings ,

w ere in th e eart h ; and ye t they did not see them n or

bel ieve them AndJesus re p r oached them that they
.

were so observant o f the muta bl e appea r ances in the

heavens b u t w ere bl ind to great m oral events In
,
.

other w ords the ir re fusal to look and se e w hat G o d

,

w as do ing by his prov id ence in the t ime in w h ich they

l ived w as a matter o f reproach an d o f j us t reproach , ,

on the part o f the Master .

Wh ile the p icture so v iv idly d ra w n by J esus w as

t r ue o f the great body o f the rulers the scrib es and
‘
,

Phar isees and appl ied to them as a class yet the re

, ,

w ere o f course many ind iv idual except ions , The r e .

w as no per iod in Chr ist s te ach ing and l ife in w h ich

’

there w ere not a select part o f the Phar isees w ho be

l ie v e d in him Some fe w w ere w ill ing to o w n it b ut
.
,

the greater par t w ere not To w ar d the close o f his .

l ife as h e came mo r e an d more in contact w ith the

,

h ighe r or ders o f t he Ph ar isees that same experience ,

attended him The great bo dy o f them fro m pa r ty

.
,

earnestness as w ell as personal antipath ies rej ected his ,

teach ing s and assumpt ions There w e r e some w ho .

rega rded them ; b ut they w ere su ch men as Nico

demus and Joseph o f Ar imath ea and other s l ike them
, , ,

—j ust men ; deep h ea r ted men ; me n w ont to pon-

der moral qu estions ; men that had soul hunger ; m en -

o f genu ine rel ig ious asp iration ; m en that coul d not

if they w ould an d t ha t w ould not if they coul d fre e
, ,
2 02 THE A PPR OA C H OF THE PA S S O VE R .

themselves fro m the solemn ove r sh ado wing o f eternal

tru t hs .

Wh ile t he great multitu de o f Phar isees r ej ected

Chr ist utte rly vehemently con t ested him and sought
, ,

his destruc t ion the r e w e r e here and there many men

,

that bel ie ved An d the que s t ion is Why did th ey no t

.
,

openly espouse his cause and g ive streng th to it ? It

c e r ta inly was a great moral w e a kne ss to use the m ildest ,

term on the pa r t o f those o f the Phar isa ic b o dy w ho

,

bel ieved in Chr ist not O penly to avo w the ir fa ith in

,

him . B ut w e must no t sup p ose that they w ere s o

very bad measure d accord ing to our estimate o f good
,

o r bad among men They w e r e rulers o f the sy na .

”
gog ue ; and they w ere the ch ie f rulers it is sa id ,
.

Tha t is they w ere me n that stood among the ve ry

,

h ighest o f the o ffice r s o f th e synagogue The Templ e .

co uld ex ist only in one place namely in Je r usalem ; , ,

and the Temple never prov ided instruct ion fo r the

people but s imply sacr ific ial w orsh ip That w as it s
,
.

sol itary function The synagog ue prov ided instr uct ion
.

bu t n ever sac r ifice Synag ogues ex isted in every con .

s id e r abl e ne ighbo rhood ; and there w ere a great many

o f them in old Jerusalem .

No w w e must n ot j u dge o f the conduct o f the men

,

w ho occup ied that o ffic ial r elat ion to the synagogue by ,

o ur v ie w s o f Chr ist We have never had any doub t in .

re s pec t to his d iv in ity F r om our ch ildhood w e have .

seen him not as a man o f sorro w s and acqua inted w ith

,

gr ie f b ut a s glorifi ed A halo hangs in our imag ina

, ,
.

t ion round ab ou t his head w hen w e th ink o f him and

he is the openly declared and by ages hono r ed Chr is t , ,
.

B u t he came among his country men born in the most

inconsp icuous c ircumstances tra ined among the poorest ,
2 04 T II E A P P R OA C H 0 1 T HE P A S S O VER .

innermost t r u th s He almost may b e sa id to have

.

n eglected the external fo r m s w h ich truths mu s t p ut on .

He le ft the exte rnal ities o f rel ig ion to take care o f

themselves . Where any in w a r d thought tended t o
g ive its el f an ou t w ard for m he let it do so accord ing to
,

it s o w n nature He dealt w ith p rinc iples w it h truths

.
-
, ,

w ith great sp ir itual elements An d it is not strange .

that me n should not l ike to com mit them selves to a

man w ho represented no th ing but an intang ibl e and
il l app r eh ended sp ir itual ten dency
-
espec ially as he ,
-

w as in such d is rep ute The state o f feel ing was such

.

in regard to Chr is t that it w ould have b r ought them

into coll is ion and p e r haps into qua rr el w ith the ir o w n
, ,

class if they had identified themselves w ith him The

, .

sp irit o f the ir class w as such that these men w ere sl o w

to break a w ay from them fo r the sake o f a dhering to
Ch rist It w ould have put in j eopardy the ir p eace
.
,

the ir harmony the ir prope r ty and the ir reputat ion

, , .

There w as anoth er th ing Pr obably t hG y w e re men

.

w ho w ere t ire d o f d isqu iet All the ir days th ere had

.

b een revolutions break ing ou t ince s santly in one shape

or another W ild rumors that the Me ss iah had come
.

w oul d start the people n o w an d the n in th is d ir ect ion ,

or in that direction ; and they had b een stirred u p so

m uch that doubtl ess then as no w the r e w ere many , ,

thoughtful and cautious men w ho w e r e t ired o f these

pe r petual d is turbances and these pretentiou s re fo r ma
,

t ions that ended in noth ing .

So then if w e look at it from t he stan dpo int o f

, ,

h uman exper ience they did not act in any e x t rao r

,

dinary manne r not d ifferently from w hat men are

,

act ing every day .

2 06 THE LA S T P A P A B LES .
—HA R Y ’
S OF FERI N G .

th ey stand in th e tex t They sp r a n g out o f some

.

event some con trove r sy some fo r ego ing C O HV C ISfl t H

, ,
’

and o ft en th e text s ho w s us w hat it w as ; b ut the latter

part o f the Sav iou r s l ife gre w r ic her and r iche r in th is
’

respec t As he came mo re and mo r e under the in fl u

.

ence o f th e d iv in e con sc io usnes s the truths that he

taught w ere taught in a h ig her st r a in .

A fter his retrea t from G al ilee finally and his go ing ,

to Jud aea the controve r sy tha t he held w ith the schol ars
,

o f the T empl e w axed so b itter that he ex il ed h imsel f .

As to w hat the commun ity w as w hat w e r e the hab it s ,

o f the peopl e o r w hat his c irc umstances w ere the r e is

, ,

no t race in the G ospel and ye t th is per iod o f his l ife

w as the r ichest so far as parable s w e r e concerned It .

is the M ilky Way o f the Ne w Testament There are .

more pa r abl es cl ustered over that l ittle space one ,

m ight almost say than over all the rest o f his earthly
,

career They w ere w ebb ed together by h is to ry but

.
,

that h isto ry is all lost out ; and n o w they stan d l ike so

many pearls each o f w h ich cam e from some separate
,

shell .

T hese pa r ables are espec ially memorabl e ; they are

among the last utterances o f th is k ind o f our Sav iour .

I t w as w ith in th r ee days o f his arrest t hat they w ere

spoken ; w e do not kno w b ut that th ey are the ve ry
last o f his parabol ic teach ings ; and there fore th ey are
invested w ith p r o found interest We l isten to the last
.

w or ds o f those that are go ing fo r th fr om us if they be ,

mes s ages o f love if they b e express ions o f fa ith and

,

hope o r if t hey b e d ir ections fo r our gu idance in l ife

, ,

w it h g r eat care Ho w prec ious it is to us to rece ive

.
,

the last w ords o f those that are near and dear to u s !

an d ho w p r ec ious m ust the l ast w or ds o f the Sav iou r
 THE LA S T P A R A BLES .
—M A R Y ’
S O FFER I N G . 207

be to us ! They have more in terest fo r us than that

o f mere sen timent Kno w ing that his hour w as come
.
,

feel ing t he approach o f the darkness and through it ,

see ing the g r eat b eyon d ho w intensely must his m ind

,

have w rought and fel t th e th ings that he sa id

In the first pa r t o f the tw en ty fi ft h chapter o f Mat
-

the w s G o s pel w e have the parable o f t he V irg ins th e

’

w ise and the fool ish No man supposes that anyth ing
.

l ike that ever took place or is to tak e place or founds

, ,

upon it any ph ilosoph ical syste m w h ich S hall incl ude

the fate o f the w hol e human race It is merely a con .

v e y ing to the souls o f men the w ise v irg in s and the

f ool ish — an idea o f the necess ity o f sp ir itual fo r es ight

and preparation and the concept ion that a rel ig ious

,

and manly l ife is n ot a l ife got up at ha z ar ds j ust as a ,

ga r men t or a torch w ould b e b ut that l iv ing r ight is a

,

bus iness such that a man m ust take it up and carry it

on all the time and b e al w ays in it ; in other w ords
, ,

that it must b e character and not perfunctory act ion ;

,

and w hen that is accompl ished the parable has b ro ught

forth it s true end .

Next co mes the parable o f a man travell ing into a

far country del ive r ing his goods to his se r vants and
, ,

hold ing them respons ible fo r the ir increa s e He r e .

turns aft er a time and summons on e and an other and

,

another b e fo r e him T hus is set forth the doctr ine o f

.

o ur respon s ib il ity fo r development fo r e ducat ion fo r , ,

increas ing all the g ifts w h ich G o d has granted to us .

It presents as our d uty in respect to men s impl e

fidel ity in th e d ischarge o f duties t hat are incumb ent ;
and as it respects man or G o d fidel ity in th e develop
,

m ent o f our w hole moral character When w e have .

that ide a w e have the marro w o f the parable .

208 THE LA S T PA R A B LE S .
—M AR Y S OFFER I N G
’
.

Then comes t he pa r able o f the Judgment Here w e .

find interpre t ers say ing Th is is the h is tor ical accoun t

, ,
”
w it h some embell ishments o f the last great j udgment
, .

I t may b e or it may not b e I t is a parable It is a

.
.

p ictu r e constructed fo r certa in great ends .

It is s imply a m agn ificen t dr amatic representation

,

o f a per iod o f a d j u s tment W he t her it is to b e actual

.

in t ime o r w hether it is to b e a final j udgment in fo r m

, ,

is not to be infe rre dfro m th is pa ssage w hat e ver men ,

may th ink ab out it fro m other ev idence I t is s imply a .

tr ibunal o f j u dgment fo r the sake o f b r ing ing out cer

ta in great phases on w h ich j udgmen t w ill p r oceed If .

it is to be a final h isto r ical fact on w h ich th e k ingdom,

o f G o d and th e human soul is po is ed it is an open ing ,

u p o f w hat is the real m o ral const itut ion o f human l ife

in the v ie w o f Ch r ist and it is done by the r e p r e s e n
t a t io n o f a tr ibu nal w h ich ans w e r s ne it he r to one t h ing ,

n or to another exactly but w h ich has in it some ele

,

ments o f one th in g and some o f anothe r

, a cou r t , ,

w ith all th e cou r t iers b r ought around about and the ,

fr o w n o f the K ing on on e pa r t and his sm ile on t he ,

o t her part Then the r e are also ce r ta in elements o f

.

the j ud ic ial system in that one part are fro w ned on

,

u pon certa in spec ificat ions o f w rong and the othe r ,

part are sm iled on upon ce r ta in spec ificat ions o f r ight

in th e ir c areer . It is a figure w h ose colors are d ra w n
both from a court in a k ingdom and fr om a court as a
c iv il t r ib unal I t is a pa r able that is spoken in the
.

face o f the Je wis h prej ud ice to w ard the G en t iles .

When t he Son o f Man shall come in his glo ry and ,

all the angels w ith him then shall he sit upon the
,

th rone o f his glo ry .

In these fe w w o r ds the clou ds are S wep t aw ay ,

2 10 T HE LA S T P A R A B LE S .
— MA R Y ’
S O FFER I N G .

d iv ided t he only test appl ied w as not as to w hether

, ,

they w ere good parents or good fr ien ds no t as to ,

w hether they w ere k in d to those that they loved ; bu t

as to w hether they w ere humane to w ard those that
w ere not o f them —to w ard strangers to w ard those
, ,

that w ere s ick and w e r e a bu r den on the ir hands even ,

to w ard men that w ere under pa in and p enalty as c rim i

n al s . It w as to such as had fe d the hungry an d g iven ,

d r ink to th e th irsty and rel ieved the su ffer ing an d

, ,

m in istered to those that w ere in pr ison that he said ,

Come ye blessed o f my Father inher it the k ingdom

, ,
”
prepared fo r you from the foundat ion o f th e w orld .

T he ir reply sho w ed that they w ere not consc ious

that they had sho w n mercy ; that th is w as not a th ing
gotten up on th e ir part ; that it w as not a ch ar ity e n
forced as a d uty or as the pr ice o f salvation ; that it
w as the inheren t spontaneous automatic act ion o f
, ,

the ir nature .

Lor d w hen saw w e thee ah ungered and fe d thee ?

, ,

or th irsty and gave thee d r ink ? When saw w e the e a

stranger and took thee in ? or naked and clothed thee ?
, ,

Or w hen saw w e thee s ick or in prison and came unto , ,

thee
The K ing sa id unto them V er ily I say unto you , ,

Inasmuch as ye have d on e it unto one o f the l east o f

these my bre thren y e have done it u nto me ,
.

It must b e borne in m ind that w hen Chr ist w as

speak ing thus he w as not speak ing t o a selec t .

au dience His aud iences w ere never w hat w ould be

.

calle d respectabl e He never had a cultu r ed and r e

.

fined aud ience He spoke o f the w hol e race o f men ,

good bad and ind ifferent —o f harlots and robbers and

.

, , , , ,

c r im inals o f every sort o f the helpless and hopeless as

, ,
 THE LA S T PAR A B LES .
—M A R Y S ’
O FFER I N G . 21 1

w ell as o f the b etter classes —w hen he said

Inas
, ,
“

m u ch as ye did it unto one o f the least o f these ye did ,

it unto me .

To w hat depths that w ent What a far reach ing ' -

scope it has ! C hr is t identifi es h imsel f w ith the huma n

r ace n o t at the top alone b ut al so at the bottom
, , The .

lo w est man has such sacredn ess in him be fo r e G o d tha t .

he w ho treat s him w ith k indness trea t s G o d w ith k in d

ness and he w ho b u ffets him bu ffets G o d The s w eep
,
.

o f th is t r uth is that every human b e in g stands be fore

us in the place o f G o d .

Though these parables w ere apparently a ddressed to

his disc iples it is highly imp r obable tha t they alone
,

mad e up his au dience at that t ime The Moun t o f .

Ol ives was but a short w alk from the c ity so con ,

v e n ie n tl acces s ible that p r obably a la r ge number f

y o

people w ere present l isten ing to Je sus s w or ds o r

’

w a t ch ing fo r so me n e w m iracle As he ce ased speak .

in g and da r kness gre w on doub tless the th r ong ,

th inned out gradually unt il Jesus and his d isciples

w ere le ft alone to s eek the ir rest in sleep .

They had retu rne d again to Bethany ; th e end w as

fast approach ing The rulers w ere gro w ing more de
.

t e r min e d and more de s perate Some dev ice must be

.

found by w h ich they can se iz e him w ithou t a coll ision

w ith the people once in custody some pretext w ould ,

r ea d ily b e found fo r con demn ing him .

Wh il e they plo tted in Jerusal e m Jesus though fully , ,

consc ious o f th e e n d and it s n earnes s composed nu

, , ,

disturbed mingl ed w ith apparent unconce r n among his

,

friends an d acce p ted the ir hosp ital it y

, He w as then .

a gue s t o f S imon the l epe r A supper w as made fo r

.

him .
Some a nd probably all o f his d isc iples w er e
, ,
212 THE LA S T PA R A B LES .
—M AR Y S ’
FFER IN G
O .

present La z arus w as a guest w h ile Martha who

.
, ,

must o f course b e do ing ass isted serv ing Mary at ,

.

first apparently w as absent from the room

,
.

B ut as the Master sat at meat to the surpr ise o f ,

every one th is qu iet though tful re t ir ing shr ink ing

, , , ,

Mary w ho had be fore been repr imanded fo r w an t o f

,

interest and w ant o f act iv ity all at once seemed ,

se iz ed as it w ere w ith a div ine insp irat ion ; and she

, ,

came unb idd en unexpected unheralded and w ith

, , , , ,

the st r an gest o f al l act ions w ith a fervor that had ,

-

no w or ds to express itsel f apparently w ithout a ,

w ord — dre w near and broke the alabaster box (per

, ,

haps cr u shed it fo r it requ ir ed b ut l ittle v iolence to

,

bre ak it ) po ur ing th e s p ikenard o intmen t w h ich

, ,

w as very prec ious u pon the head o f Chr ist and then
, ,

upon his feet w ip ing his feet w ith her ha ir We are

, .

not fam il iar w ith th is custo m w h ic h w as un iversal in ,

the East ; fo r o intment w as an art icl e not only o f ,

ve ry grea t valu e b ut o f un iversal employment in w ays

,

w h ich a r e altogether dead to us Such ho w ever w as .

, , ,

the preva il ing custom in the East ; and it had a reason

in th e rap id evapor a t ion w h ich took pl a ce from the
sk in in that to rr id cl ime No r w er e the personal .

hab its o f the peopl e in that day as they are not at ,

th is t ime in many parts o f southern Europe so cl eanly ,

and pu r e that they could bear to stand in the ir o w n

in div idual per fume There m ight b e there fore good
.
, ,

re a s on fo r h iding any d isagre eable scent o f the b o dy

w h ich m ight ex is t SO o intmen t w as served to guests
.
,

an d t o pe r sons o f d istinction espec ially It w as gen .

e ral l y p u t upon the head To ano int the fe et w h ich .

,

usually w e r e w ashed as a matter not o f honor b ut o f,

conven ience w as to per form t he w a sh ing not only

, ,

b ut to per form it w ith s ign al h o no rs atta ched .

2 14 THE LA S T P A R A B LES .
—MA R Y S OFFER IN G
’
.

ing in pon a festal occas ion l ike th is w ith such an

u

act If she had w ished to do it the w ay w oul d have

.
,

been to have taken some o the r t ime which w ould not ,

”
have b een in d isagre ement .

T here w as also a man w ith a commerc ial sp ir it who

looke d upon th is act w it h d isappro val His nam e was .

J u das Iscar iot I t is sa id in Mark that certa in among

.

them murmured ; in Matthe w it is sa id that the dis

c ip l es m urmured ; bu t in John it is sa id that Judas
,

w ho b etrayed him spoke , C ollec ting th e facts from

.

all these sources it w o uld see m as though Ju das had

,

an eye to commerce in th is matter The though t .

w h ich he had w as Th is is very prec ious stu ff to b e

'

used in th at w ay He did n ot th ink o f it in the

.

l ight o f l ove at al l I t is not prob able that Judas

.

w a s a man o f very fine sent iments ; and w hen he b e

h eld th is act o f a ffection and fi del ity he w e ighed it ,

in the s cal e s o f the sto r e an d not in the scales o f

'

the s anctuary ; and he sa id To w hat purpose is th is

,

w aste ? He w as shocked that so prec ious an article

”

o f commerce as th is o intment should b e w as ted by

be ing poured upon the head and feet o f the Sav iour ;
and it w ould seem that th e other d isc iples w ere mis
l ed in the matter an d that they s ide d w ith him
, .

The beauty o f the act struck no one o f them : and

our Master reb uked them all .

There w as but onc e in her l ifet im e that Mary could

b esto w u pon Je s us any such t o k e n o f affection If .

that m oment had gon e by never w ould there have ,

“
been another l ike it And Jesus said . Me ye have ,

not al ways w ith you : the poo r ye have w ith you

”
al ways ,
fo r t he pretence upon w h ich Judas had
-

condemned th is proceed ing was that th is o in tment

 THE LA S T PA R AB LES .
—M AR Y ’
S OFFERING . 21 5

m ight have been sol d fo r thre e hundred pence and ,

g iven to the poor John rather br iefly an d curtly says

.

o f Judas He sa id th is b ecause he w as a th ie f and

, ,
”
carr ied t he bag It w as t o have gone into the treas
.

ury and if as he thought it seeme d l ikely the r e was

, ,

to b e a d ispers ion o f th is l ittle b and in the scatter ing ,

he would convey aw ay w hat w as in the bag .

Th is last emphatic t itl e w oul d see m to do a w ay w ith

the fi ne sp un theories w h ich w ould al lev iate the gu ilt
-

o f Judas He w as an extremely avar ic ious man ;

.

avar ice w as his lea ding tr ait ; he foun d fault w ith

tokens o f a ffection fo r avar ic ious reasons and finally ,

he sold his Master fo r th irty p ieces o f s ilver Three .

hundred pence he thought ough t to have b een

saved ; he regarded it as hav ing been squandered on
Jesus ; b ut he sold him a fter w ards fo r about s ixty
pence Th is character o f Judas and th is d el ineation
.
,

o f his inter io r mot ives seem to set as ide the idea w h ich
,

has bee n suggested by som e that h e expected to sell ,

Chr ist and then get him back aga in so that he w ould ,

have the money and nobody w o uld rece ive any dam
,

age I t w as altogether an avar ic ious transaction

. .

So they W h ispered amon g th emselves On e sa id on e .

th ing and another another And to such extent did

, .

they carry the ir m urmur ings that our Sav iour w as

obl iged to rebuke the m W ith some d egree o f author .

“
ity he sa id Le t her alone
, Why do you troub l e .

her ? That w h ic h she hath don e she hath done in the

sanctity o f love I accept it as a preparation fo r my
.

bur ial Y e a t here is such value in th is S pontaneous

.
,

o ffer ing o f her soul expressed through the sy mb o l iz a

,

t io n o f th is o intme nt that there shall not b e a ch il d

,

born in Christendo m a fter my time that shall not kno w

21 0
5 THE LA 5 7 PA R A B LES
”
.
—l IAR Y S OFFER ING
I
’
.

the val ue w h ic h I p ut u pon a heart-throb a n en thu ,

s iasm a sent iment a m in is trat ion o f the soul

, , n o t it s ,

ma rket val ue not it s poet ic value not it s ph ilosoph ic

, ,

value b u t t he val ue w h ich it has in th e real m w here

,
”
be ing is the g r eat th ing .

O ne o f t he most exqu is ite features in t he l ife o f

Chr ist w a s the sympathy that h e sho w ed w ith t he
helpl essness o f soul w eakness He sympath iz ed w ith
-
.

the leper an d w ith the la me and the hal t and th e

, , ,

fever struck ; w e kno w that it is very pla in ; but

-
,

there runs all through his l ife a cha in o f events wh ich

sho w that he dis cerned also the most del icate s ub tle ,

soul n eeds and w as in the t e n derest relat ion to them

-
, .

Thus w hen a fe w days b e fore h e sat in th e Te m

, ,

ple and the g r eat b r a z en treasury w as opened fo r

,

men to put in the ir g ifts on the a ppo inted an d appro

r iat e day and the r ich Je w s from Alexand r ia cam e
p ,

u p and thre w in the ir hand fuls o f rattl ing gold ; and

the r ich Je w s from Ath ens came n o t to be outd on e , ,

w ith ample g ifts and the r ich Je w s from Rome came

w ith the eagl e on the ir co ins an d thre w th ese into the ,

rap idly fill ing treasury there cam e l imp ing u p a

,

poor l ittle dr ied u p old w o man hal f bl ind w ho fum

-
,
-
, ,

bl ing in the capac ious emptiness o f he r pocket found ,

t wo m ites w h ich sh e p ut in and he s aid

,
See her she , ,

has g iven more than all o f them ; she has g iven her
w hole l iv ing They have me r ely taken a crumb from
.

the loaf o f the ir a b undance b ut th is poo r infi r m old , ,

”
w ido w has g iven everyth ing sh e has .

What an exqu isite st r ok e o f S p ir itual percept ion is

there ! What sy mpathy w ith t he h elplessness o f a soul
t hat is too poor to do anyth ing it w ould do an d yet ,

too r ich not to do someth ing w here everybody is do ing

218 THE LA S T PA RA B LES .
—M A R Y S OFFERING ’
.

d oes not v ib rate to any except the truest touch It is . .

in an ind irect w ay the val ue put upon se n t imen t a s

, ,

d ist ingu ished fro m all other use ful or excellen t th ings .

The per fume o f that b rok e n vase has n o w b een

exhal ing fo r t wo thousand years and the odor o f it ,

fills the heavens and is s w eet in p e r fume to d ay ; it

,
-

is recogn iz ed by hundreds and thousands more than in

the days when the w ords w e r e spoken .

It see ms ev ident that the rebuke adm in istered by

Jesus w as in tended more fo r Judas ; th ere must have
b een some accompany ing l ook or unrecorded act full o f
, ,

s ign ificance to him fo r he appears suddenly to have

,

b een fill ed w it h a S p irit o f intense mal evol ence to ward

his Master .

There is noth ing in the con text to ind icate that the
Je w s firs t appro ached and tempted J udas b ut rath er ,

the impl ication is that h e vol untar ily soug ht them out
and made to them the first overtures He w asted no .

t ime in excuses or prel im ina r ies but came at once to ,

“
th e matter in hand What w ill you g ive me if I
.

”
b etray th is Jesus and del iver him to you ?
,
Where
both s ides are eager it does not tak e long to agree on
the p r ice The barga in w as soon made and fo r th irty
.
,

p ieces o f S il ve r a price that has furn ished to all t ime

,

the proverb ial val ue o f treachery he o ffered to sell his

,

Mas t er The consp irators counsel together and seek

.

fo r some w ay o f carry ing th is ne w plan into operat ion .

Ultimately it is l e ft to the tra itor Ju das to d iscover

and report the opportun it y w hen they may se iz e Jesus
”
conven ien tly in the absence o f the mul titude
,
.

The feast o f unleavened bread had come the fi rs t ,

day o f th e Passover .

Th is great nat ional feast commemorative o f the

,
 THE LAS T P ARA B LES .
—MAR Y S OFFER IN G
’
.
219

d ivine pro t e ct ion w h ich Jehovah had S ho w n to his

chosen p eopl e J esus proposed to observe in Jerusalem
, ,

the mother c ity o f the Je w s AS yet noth ing had been .

done to prepare fo r it The disc iples ca me to Jesus to

.

kno w w here he w ould e at the Passover that they ,

m ight prepare fo r it He sends Pe ter and John into

.

Jerusalem fo r they w ere still in Bethany w ith instr uo

, ,

t ions as to ho w they should find a su itable place F ind .

ing the man bea ring a p itche r o f w ater they follo w him ,

to his ho u se and say unto him The Master sa ith unto ,

thee My t ime is at han d I w ill kee p the Pas s over at

, ,

thy house Whe r e is the guest chamber w here I shall

.
-
,

An dw hen th ey
’
e a t the Passover w ith my d isc iples ?

are sho w n into the room all furn ishe d and p r epa r ed
, ,

they mad e ready fo r the feast The even ing hav ing .

com e Jesus w ith the ban d o f d isc ipl es repa ire d to the
,

ho us e w here the preparation had b een made and sat

do wn to eat the feast .

S itting almost in the S hado w o f the cross bl ind to ,

all t he had seen and dea f to w hat C hr ist had so o ften

y
told them and w h ich his w ords int r oductory to the
,

feast fo r etells aga in unconsc ious o f the s ubl im e sel f

,

Sa c r ifi ce that w as to culm inate the ir Master s w ork on

’

earth the d isc iples again qua rr elled among themselves

,

fo r em inence in the com ing k ingdo m Jesus r eb uke s .

the m emphas iz ing th e w o r ds by his subl ime example

, .

In the hour o f v is ion in the hour o f the de s cend ing

,

in s p irat ion o f heaven upon him in the hour w hen the ,

hor i z on cl eared fo r a moment and the l ight o f his ,

glo ry came do w n upon him he made h imse l f in the , ,

presence o f his disciple s a slave and unde r took to per

, ,

for m the most men ial o ffices in o r d er to teach the m ,

th a t the d uty o f all em inence is to s erve all tha t are

nee dy poor and negl ecte d
, , .
22 0 THE LA S T PA RAB LES .
—M A R Y ’
S OFFER ING .

Chr is t w as subj ect to lum inous hours as men are and , ,

th is w as an hour in w h ich he kne w and felt in all its

“
real ity I came fro m G o d I am about to re turn to
, ,

G od . Then he took his bas in and w ashed his dis

’
“
c iples fee t and sa id to them If I your Lord and
, , ,

Master have washed your feet y o u ought t o w ash one

, ,

another s feet I am o f G o d and I return ere long to

’

,
.

G o d and I set y o u th is example

, The nature o f G o d .

is to take care o f the bottommost th ings in creat io n ,

the w eak the needy the poor the s in ful the ine xpe r t
, , , ,
.

It is the e te rnal b urden o f the d iv ine governmen t as ,

it w ere to w ash t he feet o f t he un iv erse to do the

, ,

lo w est o ffices to take care o f those that most need his

,
”
care Th is it is to be G o d
. .

Th ese last scenes o f o ur Lord u pon earth de fy expo

sit io n . His o wn soul rose so man ife s tly into the h igher
realm ; his p resentation o f truth became so ethereal ,

it w as so far ab ove the l evel o f interpretation that it is ,

ext r emely d ifficul t to follo w his d iscourses w h ich see m ,

en igmat ical mystical and from the ir very b r igh t ness

, , ,

obscure There is no part o f the clos ing h is t ory o f th e

.

Sav io u r s l ife that is more w onde r ful than t he record

’

w h ich John m a kes o f his last interv ie w s w ith his dis

c ip l es Al l those cl uster ing chapters o f John — t he fif

—
.

t e e n t h t he S ixteenth th e seventeenth and

,
o,
n w ere ,

a pa r t o f the g r eat event o f the Supper They w ere t he .

conve rsations w h ich took place at the t ime o f t he Supper ,

and in int imate connect ion w ith it They are full o f .

w hat may be called a love lore s uch as is to be found in -

,

no other l iterature and such as re fuses to b e inter

,

r e t e d by the or d inary l ove l iterature o f hu man soc iety -

p .

Such love so h igh so full o f div ine intellect ion so full o f

, , ,

sp ir itual imp ulse so full o f regrets tempered by a better

,
222 T HE L AS T PA R l B LES. .
—M AR Y S OFFERIN G
’
.

seems as u nfit to our lo w er j udgment that Chr ist

should have abandoned the earth and his struggl ing
cause as it see med to the d isc iples themselves .

Look fo r a moment Ho w imper fect apparently

.
, ,

w as the w ork that he had come to do ! He had man i

fe s t e d h imsel f in that l ittl e inconsp icuous prov ince .

He had l ived there bu t a l ittle over th irty years He .

had been rej ected The w hol e chu r ch o f his p eople

.

had re fused him He w as not accred ited He had no t

. .

w r itten one S ingl e w ork His teach ing had been com
.

mit t e d to the memory o f the fe w that heard him b ut

did not understand him I t is a strik ing fact in con
.
,

tr ast w ith such men as Plato Ar istotle the l aw g iv ers , ,

( Solon and others ) w ho red,

uced the w is dom o f the ir
l ife to exact l iterary form that C h r ist w ith the e x ce p
,
.
,

t ion o f the s ingl e instan ce in w h ich he stooped and

w rote upon the g r ound is not kno w n to have made a
,

l etter. No book no system no organ iz at ion o f an

, ,

exterior k ind w as he kno w n to form For w h ile h e

,
.
,

d w elt among men as a presence he l ived as a sp ir it ; ,

and the fru it o f his l ife w as a sp ir it in fuse d into

h uman l ife and to a certa in deg r ee converted into
, ,

defin ite kno w ledge ; b ut as t he founder o f a n e w

k ingdom and a n e w l ife w as there ever any one l ik e
,

him ? No fou n dat ions la id by the man that w as to

bu il d t he templ e an d the c ity ! No w ork o f perma
n ent in s tr uct ion from one w ho meant that his name
and his la w s S hould go through the w hole real m o f
t ime and the w o rld ! In our sense o f the term he
fo r med no church He did not l eave any ord inances
.

such as men have very prope rly shaped and made in

fl ue n t ial by putt ing Ch r ist s name on them No such
’
.

chu r ch did he form as that h istor ical church w h ich has

 THE LA S T P AR A B LE S .
—ZVIAR Y S OFFER I N G
’
.

c ome do w n to us through the ages as a caravan com e s ,

through the w il derness burdened w ith vas t qu ant ities

,

of th ings — u s e ful or not as the case may be

, ,
.

So his w ork appa r ently w as a ne w w o r k ; and that

he shoul d have le ft th e earth without any such pro
v is ion fo r t he p r opagat ion o f his gospel and the ma in
t e n ance o f his l ife in the so uls o f men st rikes persons ,

w ith surpr ise w hen it is clea r ly brought b e fore them as ,

compare d w ith the w ay i n w h ich men w ork and have ,

w orke d and p r obably must w ork fo r a long t ime to c ome

,
.

And then the hel pl ess state in w h ich h e le ft his dis

ci l e s !
p He foun d them peasants ; h e l e ft them no

b etter T hey had consorted w ith him ; b ut t hey kne w

.

almost noth ing o f his interior l ife his tr ue l ife W ith , .

one or t w o exceptions they w ere not men o f any natu

r al talent Th ey c erta inly did not S ho w themselves to
.

b e men o f sp ir itual ins ight They w ere ch il dren ; and

.

at the t ime w hen he declared that he must leave the m

they w ere st ill ch ildren It w as not until a fter he had
.

gone a w a y fro m them t hat the Sp ir it o f prom ise w as

disclosed and that they w ere insp ired to enter upon a
,

h igher l ife To have le ft the m in t hat cond ition S e ems

.

very strange w he n y o u j udge it from the standp o mt o f

human w isdom .

And the state o f the w orld every w here w as not on e

w h ich seemed to j ustify his l eav ing it When Cyrus .
,

or Al exander or any o t her great conque ror had e n

, ,

t e r e d the prec incts or boun dary o f any nat ion or pro

v ince if b e fo r e the b attle w as j o ined or be fore v icto ry
, ,

w as accompl ished or order w as est abl ished he had le ft ,

everyth ing to his subal terns and gone back to his

home his cou rse apparently w oul d have resembled
,

w hat Chr ist did w ho came to sub d ue th is w orl d and

, ,
224 THE LA S T P A R A BLE S .
—M AR Y S ’
OFFERING .

then a fter a fe w years w hen his follo w ers had j ust

, ,

touched the bor ders o f the ne w l ife abandoned them ,

and w ent up on h igh .

And see ho w unfit the d isc iples w ere to do that

w ork They w ere not eloquent
. They had no rela .

t ions w ith the great outs id e w orld The w orld in it s .

,

strength in all it s great fortresses was sensuous It

, , .

s to od upon the foundation o f phys ical po w er It kne w

'

almost noth ing o f the sp ir itual k ing dom o f G o d If .

there ever w as a case in w h ich one should have stayed

to nour ish the in fant ca u se and increase the l ight that ,

fl ick ered on the w ick and g ive courag e and d irect ion
,

to the laborers it w ould seem to be th is cause and th is

, ,

Chr ist .

What suppos ition then may w e form o f the e ffe cts

, ,

o f his rema in ing had b e ch osen t o rema in ?

, Men say ,

Well there could have been n o doub t that there w as

,

such a personage ; his ex istence could not be den ied .

He could have asserted his d iv in ity ; that could n o t

have b ee n l e ft as it w ere floating in the air subj ect to
, , ,

the d ictum o f every ingen ious and fertile reason er .

We coul d al w ays have said There h e is in Jerusal em , , .

’

Men could have go n e the re and communed w ith him ,

and returned to b e w itnesses in to w ns and c ities and

prov inces ; and the w orl d w ould have b een saved an
immeasurabl e amount o f vac illatio n and uncerta inty
on a po int w here men cannot afford to be uncertain .

There w ould have been an end o f controversy There .

w ould really have been at last an author ity in t he , ,

church There w ould have been n o volum inous creed s

.
,

— those eng ines at once o f gu i dance an d o f torture .

The h is tory o f the w o rl d w ould have been a very dif

fe r e nt h istory fro m w hat it is if w e had had a capta in o f
226 THE LA S T P A R A B LE S .
—M AR Y S ’
O FFERI NG .

There ar e elem ents that settl e doub t One is

t wo .

absol ute kno w ledge and t he othe r is absol ute igno

,

rance Where men s m inds are inert they are n o t

'

troubl ed w it h d oub t It is t he active man s mind

.
’

that is tro ubled w ith doub t I t is the th inker that .

is tro ubl e d w ith doub t The investigator the ex .

,

p l o re r th e man that w ould s w eep a way the clouds and

,

enlarge the b oundar ies o f k no w l edge h e has doubts

because the w ay o f exploration is a w ay o f uncerta inty
a tentat ive w ay .

There have b een myr iad s o f men who have b een

Saved from do ub t by t he ex istence o f the father o f the
great Roman Chu r ch ; b ut then they never had any ,

doubts They accept everyth ing he says Why not ?

. .

They do not kno w one th ing or ano t her ; w hatever h e

says they take And they take it j ust as a dead man
.

tak es a mes sage ; h e does not contrad ic t it nor d oes ,

h e l ift h imsel f u p to fight it Y o u w h ispe r it over th e .

be d o f d e ath and he does n ot r ise to reply But so far

,
.

as active men are concerne d the papal author ity has ,

determ ined very l ittle The r e ar e j ust as many con

.

tentions among active th ink ing m in ds o f that commun,

io n as there are among us There are a fe w po ints or .

quest ions o f fa ith that have b een d ecided techn ically ;

“ ”
b ut about them op in ions as th ey ar e calle d are , ,

perm itted A man may b el ieve a f act because it has

.

been asserted by the Pope in conclave b ut the p hi

l o S O p hy o f that fact has not b een settled In other .

w or ds those quest ions w h ich have been ag it at ing th e

,

w hol e Pr otestan t w orl d have not b een settled They .

are no more settled in the Cathol ic Church than th ey

are w ith us The r e is a peace o f negat ives bu t there
.

is n o peace o f a ffi r ma t iv e s .
 THE LAS T P AR A BLES —1V
[ AR Y S OFFERING
’
. .

Then , as to see ing Chr ist men could n ot have made ,

p ilgr images to see him The vast s tream o f h uman l ife .

could not have r ise n up and gone to Jerusalem to take

him by the hand to b e blessed and to return ,
There , .

could have been b ut fe w comparat ively speak ing fro m , ,

age to age that co uld have d is cerned the K ing in his

,

glo ry a t Jeru s alem had he sat as the Je w s hoped he , ,

w ould on his throne there

,
.

As fo r c r ee ds he le ft us the only creed that is good

,

“
fo r anyth ing Thou sh al t love the Lo r d thy G o d
.

w ith all thy heart and thy ne ighbo r as thysel f ; ,

and ,

“
Every one that love th is born o f G o d and kno w eth ,

G o d he that love th not kno w eth not G o d fo r G o d is

'

love th is is the sum and substance o f orthodoxy ;

and th at certa inly he had w hose l ife w as one rounded
h is to ry o f love That is the very c ent r e and marro w
.

o f the gospel G o d so loved the w orld that he ga v e

.

his Son to die fo r it The act w as s imply that w h ich.

un iversal consc iousness requ ires as the h ighest token o f

a ffe ction As Chr ist interpre ts it G reate r love hath
.
,

no man than th is that a man lay d o wn his l ife fo r his

,

friends He died fo r us w h ile ye t w e w e re his ene

.

m ies The l aw o f love w ill ne v er have any larger

.

exempl ification .

That is the creed w h ich has been so l ittle use d It .

has g iven w ay in favor o f har d me taphys ical ineX p l ica , ,

bl e tangles o f statem ent and doctr ine en forced w ith ,

fierce combat iveness and o ftent imes w ith destruct ive ,

nes s and pe rsecut ions ; the w hol e C hr istian w orld has

div ided itsel f up in to phalanxes that w ill not tra in to
gether in the great army o f Go d each one hold ing to ,

a certain creed or a certa in set o f governments or

,

ord inances ; and in t h is confl ict among themsel ves

22 8 T HE LA S T PA R A B LES .
—M AR Y S OFFERING
’
.

they have gone on cruc ify ing Chr ist again and aga in ,

through years and through centur ies div id ing hating , , ,

rasp ing p ersecut ing each o t her w h ile all the t ime
, ,

han g ing in the air and almost unused — is the one

,
”
only creed Thou shal t love
,
.

So th is no t ion that Chr is t w oul d have rect ifie dcreeds

ar ises from a total m isconception o f th e gen ius o f his
adm in is trat ion.

Had he re ma ined upon earth h e w ould it is thought , ,

have been a ble to conv ince men by m iracles A mir .

acle is noth ing bu t a h igher appl ication of natural l aw .

It is n ot a m iracl e w hen a man is almost dea d fo r a

, ,

doctor w ho kno w s someth ing about natural l aw to come

in and br ing him u p from the S ick bed Suppose th e re .
.

w as a phys ic ian w ho kne w a great deal more than that ,

and w ho could b r ing a man up by natural l a w from

j u s t the other s ide o f the grave Is there not a kno wl
edge o f natu r al l aw by wh ic h He w ho created l ife could
r ecreate l ife as he created it by natural l aw ? Tha t
kno wle dge is hid from us ; b ut it is not hid from G o d .

Natural l aw is the D iv ine w ill ; and the D iv ine w ill

is not sta t ionary .Just so much has bee n revealed .

T here are methods and po w ers d oub tl ess yet in r e , ,

serve b u t the w el fare o f the race demanded that there

sho uld be a continu ity o f exper ience based u pon the
certa inty o f natural l a w and to b reak that up by con
fl ic t ing systems w ould not generally be w ise although ,

as a spec ial benevol ence it m ight be w ise ; fo r y o u

w ill take not ice tha t Ch r is t ( he m ight almost be sa id to
have b een the great desp iser o f his o wn m iracles ) sa id ,

substantially Bel ieve me fo r my w or ds fo r th e ,

truth that I am speak ing ; b ut if y o u w ill not do that ,

then bel ieve me fo r my w orks fo r the marvels that I

,
23 0 T HE LA S T P A R A B LE S .
—M A R 1 "
S O FFERI NG .

under such infl uences that they should b e st imulated ,

step by step to un fold to develop ; and the l aw o f l ife

, ,

is that men shall w o r k out in w ardly and o utw a r dly

, ,

the ir o wn salvat ion G o d help ing th e m all the t ime but

, ,

lay ing on the m the respons ibil ity o f hel p ing the mselves .

Men say It w o uld be b etter if kno w le dge had b een

,

g iven to us outr igh t Why w as it not j u s t as easy fo r

.

G o d to w r ite a geology as to w a it fi ve tho usand ye ars

fo r m en to dig it o ut ? Becau s e it w as a system by
w h ich men S ho uld devel o p themselves by d igg ing it
o ut Why S ho uld one send his app r en t ice into t he
.

fo rge to find the instruments already made fo r his

h and the s w or d and th,
e prun ing hook ? If they are -

made and le ft the r e fo r him w hen w ill he learn his ,

trade ? If he is l e ft there an d w orks it o ut by h imsel f ,

his bl unders are his schoolmaste r s They te ach him .

ho w to do and w hen h e has l earned his trad e his trad e

,

has d eveloped him The fact is th is is not a w orld

.
,

w h ere all men are born r ich men s ch il dren and l ie on

’

s ilk couches w it h s ilver spoons in the ir mouths and

, ,

are fe d with food already prepare d fo r them Such is .

not th e syste m under w h ich w e l iv e Men are born at .

z e r o a nd th ey w ork th e ir w ay u p by sel f u nfold ing by

,
-
,
’
sel f development ; that is G od s method o f cr e ation
-
.

It is the method in phys ical th ings as w ell as in intel

lectual th ings It is soc ially so it is mo ral l y so
. .

The task o f find ing out duty o f solv ing d ifficul ties , ,

is a means o f grace and l ies r ight along par allel w ith

,

the w hol e scheme o f creat ion and to suppose tha t

C hr ist w as to stay at Jerusalem so that everyth ing
should b e fixed and there should b e no m ore care
about w hat to bel ieve and ho w t o bel ieve goes r igh t
, ,

in th e face o f and aga inst t he gen ius o f th is scheme .

 THE LA S T P 1 R A B LE S
. .
—M A R Y S ’
O FFERING .
23 1

Then , there is w hat m ight b e cons ide r ed the final

an d t r anscendent reason and that is that the w hole
»

course o f prov idence is one that leads a man a w ay

fro m matter and the senses w h ich recogn iz e it to w ard ,

the sp irit The flo w er o f l ife is the inv is ibl e part o f

.

man . Paul apparently teaches that there ar e t w o men

encased al w ays that there is an in w ard sp iritual man
, ,

and an o utw ard phys ical man W ithout exactly .

a dopting that interpretation w e may say he certa inly ,

teaches that there is a foun dation on w h ich the tru e

man is b u ilt and that tha t foundation is the an imal
,

man Al l the el e ments o f bod ily organ iz at ion — the

.

appetites the pass ions an d the organ isms w h ic h th ey

, ,

employ — in m en and in the lo w er r ace o f an imals or ,

rather the mammal class are j ust the same ; but G o d ,

breathed the b reath o f l ife the sp irit the soul into , , ,

man ; and the G o d g iven elements o f man s S p iritual

-
’

nature are at str ife w ith that an imal n ature w h ich

coex ists w ith them .

The w hole scheme o f prov ide nce and revelation is

that man is to deny h imsel f his lo w er sel f his pas , ,

s ions and appet ites that he is to un fold in th e dire c

,

t ion o f the inv is ibl e and the S p ir itual ; an d th ere fore

w e find the course o f grace as w ell as th e course o f ,

nature tend ing in that d irect ion

, .

No w cons ider that if Chr ist or any other v isibl e or ,

tang ible potentate in his pl ace had remained at Jeru ,

sale m we should have draw n near to him almost

,

w holly by the aid o f our phys ical reason or organ iz a

tion ; w hereas n o w he is ne ver seen b ut m ust b e ,

imag ined by us Al l our hope is centred in a w orld

.

that w e n ever see And what a prod igious attraction

.

is there as one a fter ano ther w e send u p to the

23 2 THE LA S T P A R A B LES .
- MAR Y S ’
O FFERIN G .

heavenly c ity — in w h ich w e bel ieve b ut w h ich w e ,

have n ever seen our fathe r o ur mother our brothers

, ,

an d s isters h u s band and w ife ch ildren gro w n ch il dren

, , ,

j ust fledged and u nfl e dg e d babes in the n est to the

, ,

great w orl d ou t o f w h ich comes no vo ice no j oy no , ,

mus ical notes ! Everyth ing that w e love and that is

dear to us goes a w ay into th e unsearchable an d inv is ible
land ; and w hat a po w e r there is bro ught to bear upon
every one o f u S to use that part o f our nature w h ich
w orks in the d irect ion o f the inv is ibl e No t our bod ily
agents (the w orld demands them and g ives them all ,

the exerc ise that they req u ire ) b ut our sp iritual b e ing
, ,

is developed by the cond it ions w h ich w e se r ve ; and

though they are u nseen though they are qu ite inv is ible
,

to us they are man ifested by the stimulus o f th e D iv ine

,

Sp ir it to ou r in w ard l ife and nature ; and so w e are

perpetually dra w n a w ay fro m t ime to that sp ir itual
ex istence on w h ich dep ends the w hol e o f our future
l ife
.

Whatever do ub ts the re may b e on othe r points o f ,

one th ing there is no doubt and that is that if: a man

,

is to b e developed so as to l ive w itho u t a b ody so as to ,

b e a purely sp ir itual be ing the w hole co u r se o f C h rist s

,
’

l ife all his w r itings and all the tendenc ies o f the gos
,
“ ”
pel are in that d irection We l ive by fa ith says
.
,

the apostl e and not by s ight

,
We l ive by b el iev ing
.

th ings w h ich w e do not see nor handle nor touch

, , .
 C HAPTER XX X I .

’
C HRI S T S B ET R AY A L, TRIA L, A ND C R UCIFIX I ON .

THER E w as a particular pl ace on the Mount o f

Ol ives and in G ethsemane to w h ich Chr ist o ften re
, ,
“
sorted It was a sacred pl ace to him ; it is sa id fo r
.
,
”
Jesus o fte n repa ired t h ither w ith his d isc ipl es So it .

w ould seem that he did not select every t ime that he ,

w it hdre w h imsel f from Je rusalem and w ent o ut there ,

j ust such a place as ha p pened to su it him ; bu t tha t he

had chosen some n ook that there w as some place to
,

w h ich he had becom e w on ted and w h ich w as spec ially

,

dear to him ; fo r he kne w the b enefit o f as soc iat ion .

Under these ol ive trees there w as a temple to Chr ist

-

compared w ith w h ich the grand and gl itter ing Templ e

over aga inst it w as colder than th e ston e that it w as ,

and empt ier than the stone Here in th is one place

.
,

to w h ich h e had been accustome d t o r eso r t with his

disc iples he had poured o ut tears and prayers and
, ,

hel d comm un ion w ith them and med itated his o w n

,

w ork and had commun ion w ith the Father unt il t he

, ,

p lace itsel f w as to him as th e gate o f heaven .

And n o w as his last t r ial w as com ing and the dark

, ,

ness w as already lo w er ing u pon the hor iz on o f the ne w

day he came b a ck to th is place o f expe r ience
,
He .

did not perm it h imsel f to b e arreste d amon g the vul

gar in the street w ho w oul d der ide t he scene No r
,
.

w o uld he try the hea r ts o f his fr ien ds in B ethany with

23 4 C II R I S T S
’
B E T R A YA L, TR I A L, A N D CR UCIFIX I ON .

terror and alar m by be ing arrested in the ir sacred

d w ell ing He came back to his o wn haunt
. to t he ,
-

place w h ither he had been accustomed to resort And .

t here he w ent through his last in w ard tr ial and passed ,

also through the scen es o f his tr ial and arrest He .

kne w the com ing hour and he took w ith him Peter , ,

James and John to w atch w it h him

, ,
.

No w these w ere the three d isc ipl es th at had the

d eepest a ffection and the mo s t po w er o f express ing
,

sympathy Fo r although Peter w as impetuous he w as

.
, ,

j ust as impetuous in afl e ct io n as in conduct James .

and John brothers possessed largely the same na

, ,

ture —John the deeper ; b ut in early l ife James is

,

re p r esented to have been the more meek and s w ee t

m inded And these three best adapte d t o express
.
,

sympathy Chr ist selected to b e th e w itnesses o f his

,

last exper ience .

B u t why should they w atch w ith him ?— fo r he sai d

Tarry here and w atch w h ile I go yonder and pray .

To w atch w a s to keep a w ake s imply What good ,

.

coul d they do ? They coul d no t avert that in w ard

tr ial the shado w o f w h ich w as already com ing u pon
,

him . For as astron omers kno w w hen none others

, ,

th ink o f it that travell ing through the heavens the

,

vast shado w is progress ing to w ard t he sun w h ich ere

long Shall clothe it and h ide it so Chr ist kne w that ,

th e great darkness w h ich w as to over w h el m him w as

approaching And h e w ent to th is place on purpose
.
,

and carr ied th ither the most sympathet ic o f his d isc i

ples and set the mdo w n w h ile he w ent on beyond and
, ,
“
sa id to them No w w atch fo r I go yonder to pray
, ,
.

Ye t w hat coul d they do ? They did not even kno w

w hat w as com ing And if they had be en ever so v igi
.
23 6 C HR I S T S EE TR A YA L, TR I A L, A N D C R UGI F IX I ON
’
.

him that w as enough He w anted that ; and so he

.

took the thre e lov ing disc ipl es ou t o f the band and se t .

“
them near to him and sa id Be w ith me w h ile I su ffe r
, ,

( fo r tha t is t he interp r e t at ion that w e ma

y freely g ive
t o it ) ; stand by m e ; feel fo r m e ; l et me see you ;
l e t me kno w that you are he r e ; w atch w ith me w h il e
”
I go yon der to sorro w and to pr ay .

What these su ffer ings w ere it is hardly necessa ry ,

n o w that w e shoul d say One th ing is ve ry man ife s t

.

all the w ay through the la s t scenes o f our Sav iour s l ife ’

and even w hen h e w as on the cross — namely that the , ,

central el ement o f su ffer ing cons isted in a feel ing o f

l onel iness ,
not s imply o f lonel iness but o f ex ile ; an d
-
,

no t o f ex ile al on e b ut o f b an ishmen t ; and not o f ban

,

is hme n t alon e but o f absol ute dese r tion

,
I t see ms as .

though there arose in the m in d o f Chr ist th is imp r e s

s ion ,
that he w as cast forth from the u niv erse W it h .

all th at v a st na tu r e w ith all those d epths u n fathomabl e

,

o f a ffect ion he fel t h imsel f to b e a w reck on the shor e

,

o f t ime .And his utterance on the cross seems t y p i

cal o f the w hol e expe rience w h ich prece ded it My ,

G o d w hy hast thou fo r saken me ?

,
He w as alone as
one that w ould neve r retu r n aga in An d to such a .

heart as t h at a heart that loved and must b e love d

, ,

the sense o f be ing utterly and forever an outcast even ,

if it w as a div ine ill us ion a ban dage as it w e r e p u t

, , ,

over his eyes fo r the p urpose o f tr ial and affl ict ion
w h il e it lasted w as a su ffer ing as great as the human
heart p r obab l y can bear or as w e can conce ive o f
,
.

An dt h is seems to have been the feel ing w hich unde r

lay the su ffer ing o f Chr ist ; that he w as cu t o ff fr om
men and cut o ff from angels and cut o ff finally from
, , , ,

God .
 CHR I S T S B
’
E TR A YAL ,
TR I A L, A N D CR UCIFI X I ON . 23 7

B ut in that hour w hen his l onel iness w as upon him , ,

as he dre w near to th e great b ank o f storm and dark

ness th at l ay be fore as he began to w restl e w ith this
dee p in w ard d istress — in that hour h e came back to ,

his d isc iples w hom h e w ould fa in have had stand at

,

the portal o f his su ffer ing w ith him and found th em ,

asl eep An d it w as not ch iding though it was disap

.
,

po intment it w as the vo ice o f l ove w hen he spoke

,

an d sa id C oul d ye not w atch w ith me one hour ?

,

Then ho w ever th ink ing in a moment he s aid The

, , , ,

S p ir it ind eed is w ill ing b ut the fle s h is w eak He had , .

”

compass ion on them an d ma de th e ir excu s es fo r them , .

He w ent a w ay aga in the second t ime and p r ayed , ,

say ing O my Fath e r if th is c u p may not pass a w ay

, ,

from me exce p t I drink it thy w ill be don e An d he , .

came and found th e m asl eep aga in ; fo r the ir eyes

w er e heavy And he l e ft the m an d w ent a w ay aga in
.

”
the th ird time say ing the same w ords ,
.

And so a fter all though h e longed fo r the ir conso

, ,

lation he had none o f it We are not to blame th em

,
.
,

b ecause th e scenes wh ich they had b een go ing through

w ere such as had u tterly e x hausted them ; and it
was not in the ir nature to bear u p un der those c ir cum
stances and keep a wak e ; so the Master recogn iz ed
,

the ir w eakness an d w ith s w eet excuse he allayed those

,

fe el ings o f regret w h ich his w or ds exc ited in the ir

bosoms .

There w as no lo n ger n eed that th ey should va inly

s t r ive to kee p open the ir heavy sleep bur dened eyes ; ,
-

the hou r had co me w hose ter r o rs an d exc itemen t w oul d

e ffectual ly ban ish sl e ep Alas ! they w ould be only too .

w ide a w ake
- .

Judas l ike all the other disc ipl es w as w ell ac q uainted

, ,
23 8 C HR I S T S B E TR A YA L, TR I AL, A ND OR UCI F I X I ON
'

w ith th is re treat on th e Mount o f Ol ives an d choos ing ,

th is place w h ich o f all others should have been sacred

from it s many s w ee t assoc iat ions and hours o f close ,

commun ion bet w e en the Master and his chosen band ,

— choo s ing his t ime a nd pl ace w ith co w ardly and

sac rileg ious caution beca use it w ould b e free from the
,

people — br ings u p the band o f o fficers and w ith a

, ,

k is s o f hypoc r isy consummates his treach ery The .

preconcerted ar r angement by w h ic h he w as to S ho w
the em issar ie s o f the Sanhedr im w here the Master w as
accu s t omed t o r esort at n ight and the betray al the r e ,

w ere s uccess fully carr ied out .

The armed o ffice r s made th e ir arrest and brough t ,

the capt ive in the n ight to the h igh pr ies t ; w he r e -

occurred Peter s l amen t abl e exh ib ition o f w e akness

’

follo w ing so clo s e a fter his boasting de clarat ion o f fear

less fi del ity The Counc il h urr ied through an in fo rmal
.

and most in iqu itou s t rial seek ing to suborn th e w it

,

nesses ; and at last sk imm ing over the ir miserable

,

testimony they con demne d him fo r blasph emy An d

,
.

if Israel had b een an in depen dent k ingdom th is w oul d ,

have been the end o f his tr ial ; h e w oul d have b een

p ut to d eath un der a Je w ish l aw and probably w oul d ,

have been stoned to death As ho w ever the Rom an .

, ,

yoke lay heav ily upon th e Je w s they could not pu t ,

an
y m an to d eath It w as necessary that there s houl d
.

b e another cond emnat ion or rather a p erm iss ion o f

,

execut ion And so in the morn ing they gathered

.
, ,

themselves toge t her and came to Pilate

,
.

“
Then led they Jesus from Ca iaphas unto the hall
o f j udgment : and it w as early ; a n d they themselves
”
w ent not into the j udgment hall .

Why ? Here w e r e these me n bent o n j ud ic ial mur

2 40 C HR I S T S B
’
E TR A YA L , TR IA L, A N D OR UC I F I X I ON .

Then Pilate entered into the j udgment hall aga in ,

”
an d called Je s us b e ing no w sep ar ated and a part
fr om his accu s er s and sa id un to him Ar t thou the ,

k ing o f the Je w s ? Jesus ans w e r ed him Sayes t t hou ,

th is th ing o f thy sel f or did o the r s tell it th e e o f m e

.

Pilate ans w ered hi m Am I a J e w ,

T h ine o w n nat ion
and the ch ie f pr iests have del ivered thee unto me
w hat h a st tho u done ? Jesus ans w ered My k ing dom ,

is n o t o f th is w orl d : if my k ingdom w e r e o f th is w o rld ,

then w ould my servants fight tha t I should not b e ,

del ivered to the Je w s b u t no w is my k ingdo m not fa r

”
from hence .

Pilate seemed to b e en t irely satis fi ed w ith this dec

l ara tio n o f Jesus that the k ing do m o f w h ich he
,

cons idered h im s el f k ing w as n o t a r eal c iv il e s t ate ,

that it w as noth ing that he need take cogn iz ance o f ,

b ut some dream some poet ic not ion

,
.

Pilate there fo r e sa id unto him Ar t thou a k ing ,

then ? Jesus ans w ered Tho u sayest that I am a k ing

,
.

To th is end w as I born and fo r th is cause came I into

,

the w orl d th at I should bear w itness unto the t r uth

,
.

Eve ry one t h a t is o f the truth h ea r eth my vo ice .

Pilate sa id unto him What is truth ? And w hen he

,

had s a id th is he w en t o ut aga in u nto the Je w s and

, ,
”
sa ith -unto them I find in him no faul t at all
,
.

The w hole accusat ion fell to the groun d Pil a t c

’

interv ie w w ith the Sav iou r p r ob ably conv inced him

o f t w o th ings : fi r st that he w as entirely innocent o f
,

any cr ime or w rong o f w h ich th e Roman j ur is diction

could take any cogn iz ance ; and seeOIIdéq that Je sus ,

w as on e o f tho s e imp ract icable dream e r s on e o f tho s e ,

ph il osophers w ho talked about th ings that m ight

erha s come to pass w hen p oets S h o uld ru l e t he
p p
 C HR IS T S
’
B E TR A YA L ,
T R I A L, A N D GR UGI F I X I ON .
2 41

w o rld , b ut that had noth ing to do w ith practical me n

or pract ical bus iness Th is w e may suppose w as
abo u t the j udgment that he for m
, ,
. .

ed ; at any rate it ,

w as m ixed w ith g r eat respect The w hol e na r rative .

s ho w s that the bea ring o f our Sav iour the in de sc r ib ,

able air w h ich he w ore had p r od uced a very strong ,

impress ion upon th e m ind o f Pilate .

Next hav in g attem p ted to put back the Sav iour

,

upon the han ds o f the Je w s an d fa il ed hav ing ex ,

amin e d him p r ivately and found no cause fo r his

condemnat ion he fell upon a th ir d dev ice The Je w s
,
.
,

w he n he came o ut and sa id th is to them declared , ,

accord ing to the reco r d o f the event as set forth in

Luke that th is man had stirred up the p eopl e from
,

G al ilee to Jerus ale m That w ord G al il ee caught his

.

ear He w a s a pol itic man ; h e w as a man that al w ays

.

looked out fo r his o w n chances ; and the moment he

“
hea r d that w ord G a lil ee h e thought to h imsel f Then , ,

Herod is the ruler there and I w ill sh ift th is w hol e ,

trouble o ff my hands and will put it on to Herod ,

”
.

No w Pilate and Herod had had a feud

, The irs .

w ere concurrent j ur isd ict ions and they fell into quar ,

rels as to w ho sh ould rul e probably At any rate , .

,

w hatever may have been the cause they had a feud ; ,

an d here w as an O ppo r tun ity fo r Pilate both to get r id

o f a troubl e and to pay a compl iment to Herod by ,

pass ing the matte r ove r to him He there fo r e sent .

Jesus to Herod Hero d w e are tol d rece ived the mes

.
, ,

sage and the m iss ion w ith great pl eas u r e He w as .

conc il iated by it He had fo r a long t ime des ire d to

.

see th is man n o t from any moral mot ive ; not as

,
-

Nicodemus des ired to see him ; not fr om any S pec ial

w a n t such as b rought th e Syroph oen ic ian w o man to
,

vo r n .
—16
2 42 C HR I S T S B E T R A YA L, TR I A L, A N D GR U OI F I X I ON
’
.

o ur Sav iour ; b ut he had a g r eat cu rios ity to s e e him ,

as a w onder wo rker He had heard that the dead w e r e

-
.

ra ised that the d ea f an d bl ind w e r e cu r ed and that

, ,
’
s ick men al mo s t in mul t itudes w e r e resto red a t C h ris t s
, ,

com ing ; and he hoped that h e w ould per form some o f

these st r ik ing w o r ks in his pre s ence There fore he .

w as ve ry glad B ut our Sav iour ma inta ined s impl ic ity

.

and S ilence Herod marvelle d b ut he could extract

.
,

n oth ing from him He w ould not ans w er him at all

.
,

nor p e r form any w ork or m iracle The n He r od s cu r i .

’

o s it
y ceased H is pr id e w as
. touched C atch ing the .

idea that he w as accused o f be ing k ing o f the Je w s he ,

put royal p urpl e on him Thus he touched the sense .

o f humo r in the ru d e and ba r barous sold ie r s A poo r .

man w itho ut any a r my w ithout any o ffi ce r s w ithout

, , ,

an
y t r easu r e w ithou t any att
,
e ndants o f any k ind he ,

w as p ull e d a n d hauled th r o ugh the stre e ts b ea r ing the ,

royal p u r ple rob es and w ea r ing fo r a c r o w n someth ing

,

pl ucked from the hedge w hence w e r e seen is s u ing in

, ,

ste ad o f rays o f gold thorn s or S p ikes , .

An d so t he v took him back j ee r ing and laugh ing , ,

and mak ing as it w as suppose d a r oyal j e s t Andit

, , .

is sa id that Pilate and He r od w e r e mad e fr ien ds on that

same day .

B ut back cam e th is plague to Pilate The Je w s n o w .

cha rged the Sav iou r w it h s e d it ion The accusation is .

’
thus rec o rded in Luke s G ospel
An d they b egan t o accuse him say ing We found , ,

th is fello w perve r t ing t he nation and fo rb idd ing to ,

g ive tr ib ute to Caesar say ing that he h imsel f is Chr ist

,
”
an d K ing .

Th is pervert ing t he nation w as equ ivalent to st ir

r ing up O ppos it ion to the gove rnment I t w as co nsp ir .
2 44 C HR I S T S B E TR A YA L, TR I A L, A N D OR UGI F I X I ON
’
.

of cha racter and b ear ing h e sought y e t more ear

his ,

n e st l y to rele ase him An d n o w it w as that the Je ws

.

threatened Pilate .

From thence forth Pilate sought to release him; b ut

th e Je w s cr ied out they kne w him ; they k n e w
,

“
j us t w here to p u t the lance If thou l et th is man ,

go tho u art no t Caesar s friend Who s oever mak eth

’
.
,
”
h imsel f a k ing speaketh ag ainst Caesar
, That w as the .

fatal stab He could no t w ithstand that He w as sen

. .

s it iv e in rega r d to his reputat ion at Rome w he r e he ,

though t he m ight b e impl icated by the expos it ion o f

the Je w ish peopl e He w as not altogether w ithou t
.

reason o f accusat ion Already dam ag ing compla int

.

hadgone u p to Caesar ; an d t he threat that they w oul d

accuse him o f tak ing the part o f a man that cla imed
to be a r iv al o f Caesar and that taug ht the peopl e to ,

re fuse tr ibute — th is a w akened his fear Then st ill .

,

“
b e ing w ill ing to rel ease Jesus h e asked them W hat , ,

w ill y e then that I shall do w ith Jesus w h ich is called

, , ,
”
Ch r ist the K ing o f the Je w s ?
The quest ion ind icates expostula t ion full as much as
perplex ity An h onest man s itt ing in Pila t e s place
.
’

w ould have found no trouble w ould ce r t a inly have ,

had no doubt as to his duty ; fo r Jesus had l ived and

t augh t d ur ing Pilate s adm in is trat ion and there is e v i
’

dence a l so in the text o f Scr ipture that Pilate had a

gene ral kno w l edge o f the p u r ity o f his doct r ine and t he
integr it y o f his l ife Al l th e all egat ions ma de aga inst
.

him and the ev id ences w h ich had b een presented in

confi rmat ion o f the m w ere so m an ifestly in s u ffic ient fo r
condemnat ion nay eve n fo r blame w orth ine s s that Pi
, ,
-
,

late s m ind w as not a ffected in the sl ightest degree w it h

’

troubl e from confl icting ev idence or the intr icacy o f ,

 CHRI S T S B E T R A YA L
’
,
TR I A L A N D
, CR UCIFIX I O N . 2 45

pr inc iples invol v ed It was a case pe rfectly clear in

.

its el f . Pilate sat there as a sup reme arb iter as a ruler ,

’
and j udge It w as his bus in ess to cons id er J e s us s con
.

duct in relat ion to the la w s o f the land and in that r e ,

lation there w as not a S hado w o f ev idence aga inst him .

He stood morally acqu it ted o f every charge u p on

w h ich he w as arra igned Nay Pilate w as per fectly .
,

w ell acqua inted w ith the accusers o f C hr ist He kne w .

t he m to b e selfish amb it ious v ind ict ive men ; and he

, ,

w as ent irely conv ince d in th is particular case that

C hr is t w as per s ec u ted by the m from reasons o f mal ice ;
“
fo r it is declared that he kne w that fo r envy they
had d el ivered him .

Th is then w as a case w h ich to an honest and j ust

, ,

man w ould have had no d ifficulties w hatever There .

w as but one pla in d uty to be per formed and that w as ,

to acq uit hris t and to dis charge him B ut to a pol it ic

,
.

man w ho regards m en s moo ds only as they affect his

,
’

o w n interests and t he ir moral qu al it ies only as so many

,

collateral el ements o f his o w n w el fa r e to such a one ,

there may b e some trouble in such a case fo r the p eo ,

pl e had been stirred up by the ir rulers an d w ere ,

almost r iotous ; and the ch ie f pr iests and influential

men w ere hot w ith r age Pilate w as satisfi ed that .

Ch rist w as innocent and ough t to b e released

,
B ut .

ho w could he acqu it him and yet stand w ell w ith the ,

r u l ing classes ? That w as t he perplex ity He w anted .

to do t w o O ppos ite th ings ; he w is hed to reconc ile t w o

ir reconc ilabl e courses He t he re fo r e reasons w ith the m
.

persuas ively t ry ing various expe dients to get r id o f

,

pronounc ing condemnat ion upon Chr ist — the th in g ,

they w anted him to do and that he S hrunk from d o ing,

.

The most e xt r aor din a ry pa r t ho w ever o f th is scen e , , ,

2 46 CHR IS T S
’
BE T/8A YA L, TR IA L, A N D C R UCI FI X I ON .

and the one w h ich s ho w s at once the greatest w ant o f

moral sens ib il ity in Pila te an d the mos t p r o found ,

mo ral ign orance is his attempt to sh ift the respon si

,

b il it y o f th is cr ime from h im s el f to the Je w s .

When Pilate sa w that he could p r eva il noth ing b ut ,

that rather a tumul t w as m a de he took w ater and , ,

w ashed his hands b e fo r e the mul t itu de say ing I am , ,

‘

innocent o f the blood o f th is j ust person : see ye to it

’
.

Th is man w as appo int e d to adm in is ter j ust ice an d in ,

the clea r est po s s ible case he re fu s ed to do it He w as .

appo inted to stand b etw ee n men an d t he l a w and to ,

secure pun ishment fo r d is obed ience an d sa fety fo r ob e

die nce and he utte rly re fused to pe rfo rm th is h igh
,

duty . He d en ied the inst inct o f common h uman ity .

He broke the l aw h e w as to adm in ister He v iolated .

his o w n k n o w l e dge and sense o f j ustice He del iber .

ately gave an innocent man over into the hands o f his

r ag ing enem ies to be p ut to the most c r uel death
k no w n to that ag e in gen ious in c r uel ty An d then .
,

hav ing been f aithless t o eve ry d uty he coolly p uts o ff ,

all his o w n re spons ibil ity u pon the Je ws fo r they w ere ,

consp irators w ith him The r e w e r e t w o part ies to th is

.

crime — t he Je w s w ho demand ed Ch ris t s cruc ifix ion

’

, , ,

fu r ious w ith rage and Pilate w ho gave him over to

,

them cool calc ulat ing pol it ic selfi sh Ho w ever im

, , , ,
.

press ive then it may have b een to the spectato r s and

, , ,

ho w ever much it may have eased him to w ash his

hands it coul d not touch his gu ilt o r w ash a w ay the
, ,

blackness o f it from his memory In th is a w ful trag .

edy he w as second to none in gu ilt .

Con trast ing such a man as Ju das w ith Pilate t he ,

first impulse is to say that Ju das w as by f ar the more

w icke d; b ut if one stop to th ink one w il l perce iv e ,
2 48 C HR I S T S
’
B E T R A YA L, TR IA L, A N D C R UC l l -I X I ON
'

l o s e his o w n pol itical p r esl ig e I t w a s an act o f del ib .

c rat ion cal m and cold ; and even if it w as keen and

,

S harp it w as more detestable t han the brutal ity o f

,

J udas or the w icke dness o f t he p rie s ts He w as gu il ty .

there fore o f the w hole transact ion He w as th e gu ilt

, .

iest o f all that acted in it .

To please the peopl e at last though h e publ icly de ,

c l a re d that he found no fault w it h him Pilate gave ,

J esus to the sold iers a ft er hav ing fi rs t scourged him

, .

The Ro man feroc ity that looked upon su ffe r ing as a

l uxury that mad e it s j oy in behol ding glad iators and
,

w ild bea s ts in h ideo us confl ict h ere sh o w ed its el f in ,

characteristic exh ibition The w hol e band w as called .

toge ther that not one o f them m ight lo s e t he sport

, .

Then the Sav iour w as arrayed in purple a w r eath o f ,

”
br iers or small tho r ns w as pl atted and w ith th is he
, , ,

w as cro wned Then they j ee r ed him and put a reed

.
,

or cane in his hand fo r a scep t r e ; and they began w ith ,

laughter il l suppressed to bo w and to w o r sh ip th is

-
, ,

man . W ith a double edged d e ris ion t hey c alled him -

“ ”
K ing fo r it was a mocke ry o f him su r ely and to
, , ,

“ ”
cal l such a one K ing o f th e Je w s w as also an ex
u isit e sat ire on the nat ion I t o ut both w ays
q . .

He had al ready b een sp it upon and severe l y sm itten

b e fore the Sanhe drim He spake n oth ing His S ilence . .

w as so remarkable that it attracted attent ion ; Pilate ,

even n otice d it There w as great dign ity in it

,
. .

There w as a moral m ean ing in it that men fel t even ,

if they could not understand it It w as no t the s ile n ce .

o f noth ing bu t o f someth in t o o m ighty fo r w or d s

, g .

Al l that a m an hath w ill he g ive fo r his l ife ; b ut

Chr ist w oul d n o t g ive e ven a w ord fo r his He n o w .

stands among the r iba l d s old iery They rene w t he in .

 CHR I S T S B E TR A YA L, T R I A L, A N D OR UG IFI X I ON
’
. 2 49

dign it ie s the Je ws They empu r pl e him They

of . .

nod and b eck and laugh as the m ost l ithe and moun
, , ,

t e b ank sold ier ass umes w ith greatest success the a irs
o f a co urt ie r and w ith mock reve r ence and ad ro it
,

hum il it y ackno wle dge s the k ingsh ip o f the s ilent ,

thorn cr ow ned su ffe re r

- .

Cons ider th is scene in it s ex ternal relat ions He w as .

a J e w b e fore Romans w ho desp ised Je w s , He w as .

a J e w rej ected o f his o w n r ul ers and peopl e and there ,

fore lo w er than a Je w Aban done d by his disc iples .

,

he w as alon e All t he la w s o f his coun try had profited

.

him nothing Those w hom h e had saved w ere not

.

there Those whom h e had healed an d fe d and

.

taught were far a w ay He w as d oomed and deserted

. .

B e fore him w as t he cross loom in g up Sol itary he .

stood and S il ent in u tter h elplessness Can anything

,
.

b e more hopeless ? Was ever s uch a l ife so w asted ?

And thus it appeared to the Je w ish pr iests and thus to ,

the sold iers and thus to his o w n d isc iples They saw
,
.

noth ing b ut w hat t he ir eyes could discover and that ,

seemed the extrem ity o f w o e th e v ery depth o f ,

disaster and degradat ion .

B ut p ierce th is external appearanc e and w hat is it ? ,

A b ody w eaken ed disgraced su ffer ing and j ust corn

, , ,

ing to mo r e a w ful agony w as th is all ? W ith in that ,

unspeak ing form w as the hom e o f a great and su ffer

in g love A nature w h ich t ime S hall never b e able
.

fully to inte r pret w a s no w at it s po int o f g r eatest

g randeur — the full o f love
,
It w as no t t hat love .

w h ich g ives and t akes but that l ove w h ich is the h igh
,

est ecstasy o f morta l l ife that love w hich su ffers fo r ,

’
another To say that su ffer i ng fo r a n other s good is
.

the highest eleme n t o f D e ity w ould be to v ent u re

2 50 CII R I S T S B E TR A YA L, TR I A L, A N D OR UC IF IX I ON
’
.

beyond kno w l e dge ; bu t w e m ay say t hat it is th e

h ighe s t element y et u n fol ded to us and that all other ,

concep t ions o f cha r acter are far beh in d t h is .

He w as th e greatest o f al l his contempo rar ies k ing ,

o f th e w orl d o f t im e and o f e t e r n ity j u s t because h e

, , ,

was the cro wned su ffe rer O t he r k ings th er e w ere .

,

bu t h e w as th e greatest Othe r c r o wns flashed sp l en .

do r fro m stones b eyond pr ice but no s t one ever y e t ,

.

w as to b e val ued w ith these sp in e s o f thorns fo r

glor ious beauty What is a stone a diamond an .
, ,

emerald an O pal bu t m ere cold phys ical beauty ?

, ,

B ut e very t h orn in that cro w n is a symbol o f D iv in e

love Every t horn stood in a drop o f bloo d as every
.
,

sorro w stood deep in the heart o f th e Sav iour ; and

the great angu ish the sham e th e ind ign ity th e ab an
, , ,

do n ment the inj ust ice

,
and that other u nk no w n ,

a ngu ish w h ich a G o d ma feel b ut a m n may n t

y a o

understand —al l these w ere accepted in gentl eness

,

, ,

in qu ietness w ith out repell ing w ithout protest

, , ,

w ithout excla mat ion w ithout surpr ise w itho u t a n ger

, .
,

w ithout even regre t He w as to teach th e w orld a

.

n e w l ife . He w as to teach th e hea r t a n e w ideal o f

characte r He w as to teach a n e w p o w er in th e
.

ad m in istration o f j ust ice A div ine l esson w as n ee ded .

,

that l ove is the essence o f div in ity ; that love su ffer ,

in g fo r another is the h ighest form o f love ; that that

,

love w hen a dm inis te r e d carr ies w ith it everyth ing that

, ,

th e r e is o f love an d pur ity and j u s t ice ; and n o t o nly

, ,

that l ove is the fulfill in g o f the l aw but that G o d ,

h imsel f is love .

Th is w as t he hour then o f Chr ist s gr an deur ,

He ,
’
.

w as k in g t hen an d w as in deed c r o w ned

,
No t h r one .

w as l ike the steps on w hich he s t oo d No imper ial .

2 52 C HR I S T S B E TR A YA L, T R I A L, A N D G R U OI F I X I ON
’
.

to b e men in Chr ist Jesus The c r o w n o f thorns is t he

.

w orld s cro w n o f redempt ion The po w er o f su ffe r ing

’

l ove w h ich has al ready w r ough t such changes in the

,

w orld is to w o r k on w it h no bler disclosures and in

, ,

w id er sp heres ; it is to teach men ho w t o res is t e v il ;

ho w to overcome s in ; ho w to ra ise the w icked and
degraded ; ho w to re fo rm th e r a ce ; ho w in short to , ,

c re ate a n e w heaven and a ne w ea r th in w h ich is to ,

d w ell r ighteou s ness .

It is th is cro wne d sorro w in C h r ist w h ich proved him

to b e k ing o f r edempt ion I t is the ve ry focus o f the
.

redempt ive ele ment that one w as found w it h love

,

enough to su ff er remed ially fo r th e w orld .

In the br ie f gl impse w h ich w e ge t o f the turbul ent

’
t erm inat ion o f Chr ist s shame ful t r ial w e see the ,

Roman mag istrate consc io us o f his co w ardly inj ust ice

, ,

S l ink ing back to his palace ; th e pr iests and rulers in

fu r ious ecstasy congratul at ing each other and hur r y ,

ing fo r ward the events The exc ited populace the

.
,

same th r ong or po r t ions o f it t hat but a fe w days

, ,

p rev iou s h ad rent the air w ith the ir j oyous s houts o f

Hosanna ! Hosanna ! Blessed is He that cometh in
the name o f the Lord ; no w fie r ce tr ucul en t rush , ,

roa r ing al ong the cro w de d street fill ing the a ir w ith ,
”
“
savage cr ies o f cruc ify him c uc y ! r if h im ! Wh il e
s w ee t and p eace ful stand ing out against th is l ur id
“ ”
backg roun d is Ch rist h imsel f An d he John say s
, , , ,

bear ing his c r oss w ent forth .

Doub tless his step w as so h indered that it w as slo w ,

il l t imed to the impetuous eagern ess o f his e nem ies ;

-

they w e r e in hot haste to exped ite the movement .

They se iz e u pon S imon a Cyren ian w ho chanced to ,

b e present doub tl ess b ec ause he was a stout and b urly

,
2 54 C II R I S T S EE TR A YA L, T R I A L, A N D G R UGI F I X I ON
’
.

Chr ist is to C opy the account o f the four G ospel s No r .

is t he r e anyth ing more tenuou s more del icate mo r e , ,

rare in it s bea ut y than the depa r tu r e o f Ch r ist w ho

, ,

may be sa id t o have come into human l ife c r eep ing ,

through the v ery door o f pove r ty an d mak ing many ,

r ich .

Look also at the sel f cont r ol the love and the di

, ,
-
,

v in it y w ith w h ich he b r eathed a p r aye r o f sympathy

,

and forg iven ess 0 11 t ho s e that w e r e m u r de ring him .

No r is the r e w ant ing a ce r ta in rel ie f to the t rag ic

natu re o f the scene in the g r oups that s u rr oun ded
,

t he c r oss On the one s ide w as the group o f w omen

.
,

w hose courage in that hou r w as a cou r age o f love a nd

sympathy w h ich rose supe r io r to the z eal and cou rage
,

o f manhood Fo r the men S h r unk a w ay and held

—
.
,

f
themselves at a sa e d tance is w ith one except ion , ,

tha t o f t he fem in ine d isc iple John He stood fa ith ful ,

. .

Over aga ins t the w omen w e r e g roup s o f the Roman

sold iers gambl ing at th e foot o f th e c r o ss They had
,
.

done the ir w o r k and w h ile w a it ing th e y w e r e d iv id ing

,

th e Sav iour s ga r ments They th r e w dice to see w ho

’

s hould have the w hole on e ; and the othe r s t hey se p

a ra t e d .An d it is sa id that they sat do w n and w atched

him Here w ere these cont r ast ing g r oups
. the w om e n ,

on th e on e s ide and the ho ary g amble r s on t he o t he r

,
g
,

th e one w atch ing w it h tende r eyes o f love and t he ,

o t her w ith ha r d eyes o f cruel ty .

An d so w h ile the cent r al figu r e is n ever lost w h ile

, ,

w e never fo r one mom e nt w aver in o u r inte r e s t in him ,

all these uncon sc io us and u n inten de d touches rel ieve

th e st re s s o f feel ing ; and w e r e ad aga in and aga in , ,

and aga in and n ever a r e t i1 ed o f r ead ing th is match

, ,

less scene o f the cr uc ifix io n o f Chr ist .

 C HR IS T S B E TR A YAL, TR I A L, A N D UR UC I F I X I ON
’
. 2 55

The finer o ur natures become and the more del i ,

cate are t he r ules o f cr itic is m w h ich w e bring to

bear upon th is h istory o f the last hours o f G o d man
ife s t in the flesh the be t ter it w ill stand the test o f
,

c ritic ism and the more s urely it w ill come o ut ev id ently

,

insp ired .

Where else in any drama is there an attempt to

, ,

dep ict a G o d com ing fr om the g rave as a human sug

gestion ? It is s imply audac ious Y e t if one look s .
,

at th is he will b e struck w ith the sk ill (not p urposed

,

sk ill ) w ith the rare art in the best and h ighest use
, ,

o f that term that is man ifested in th e conduct o f th is

,

par t o f the h istory It is not a Sl igh t c ircumstance

.

that the resurrect ion o f Chr ist is not painted at all ;

that there is no attempt ma de to pa int it The Sav iou r .

is presente d to il s as ly ing cal m as marbl e No r is .

there a d escr ipt ion o f the first stir rings or eve r he

came forth at the angel touch There is no dep ict .

ing o f these th ings All that w e kno w is that w hen

.

the mo rn ing da w ned and they w ent into the sepulchre

,

to find him he w as not there

,
.

And it is a beaut iful trans it ion to our conception , ,

that ange ls are introd uc e d into the tomb The man .

a e me n t o f sp ir its has al w ays be en the test o f gen ius

g
b u t w h e r e can you fi nd such manage men t o f sp ir its as
he r e ? Where can y o u find angel ic appearances so fit ?
Where can you find d emeanor so adm irable ? Where
ca n you find w ord s so n oble ? For w h ile angel s are ,

represen ted as s ing ing at the advent o f the Sav iour ,

they are represen ted as S itt ing s il e nt in the sepul chre .

Tw o the r e w ere ; an d w e may imag ine on e t he angel

,

o f Hope and the othe r th e angel o f Memory ; as if the

,

angel at the fee t w e r e t ra c ing the h isto ry o f Chr ist as

2 56 C HR IS T S EE TR A YA L, TR I A L, A N D C R U CI
’
FI X I ON .

a man o f so rro w and acqua inted w ith gr ie f w h ile ,

the angel at the head w as look ing fo r the j oy that was

be fore him and into w h ich h e w as abou t to ente r ?
,

Where can yo u find so fi t an appea ra nce o f angels .

There is no mach inery ; there is no ostentat ion ; there

is 11 0 und ue prom inence g iven to th is feature o f the
scene I t w as j u s t sketched in w it h a S ingl e stroke
.
.

And then the appearance o f the Sav io ur is not re p

,

resented so much by descr ib ing him as by desc r ibing ,

the e ff ect w h ich w as p r oduced upon the m inds o f those

w ho w ere cogn iz an t o f his r esurrect ion .

Th is is rare art and it w oul d take the finest sk ill to

,

carry it o ut w ere it le ft to sk ill We shall not find in

,
.
,

all th is h istory a s ingle mis stroke The most s t u p e n

,
-
.

dous th ing to b e done is done freely and st r ongly , ,

and pe rfectly ; and yet it is done w ithout a m istake .

No t a l ine could b e obl iterate d There is not one .

m isa dj ustment It ag r ees ent irely w ith all that w e

.

kno w The more crit ical w e are the b etter Al l w e

.
, .

kno w o f h uman n ature is m et and w e are mo r e than ,

pl eased w e are su r p r ised — at every step .

Take the p icture fo r instance o f seren ity ,

As w e , .

read th is connected h istory it seems as though the cru

,

c ifi x io n w as l ike one o f those summer th un d er storms -

in w h ich all t he h eavens appear to b e full o f da rk

n ess and confl ict and turmo il
,
The te rr ibl e thunder
,
.

crack s that roll t hrough the darkn ess ; th e grea t

str iv ing winds that n o w tug at the trees w h ich g r o an
under the ir h ands and tha t no w beat on the house ;
,

the h iss ing rain ; all the w ild commot ion o f the el e
ments these fill the soul full o f imag inations and
,
-

strange terror s And ye t w e sl eep and w ake and

.
, ,

sleep ; and w hen the morn ing comes the r e is not a

 C HA PTER XXX II .

T HE R ES UR RECTION .

To the d ismaye d and terrified follo w ers o f Jesus it

mus t have seemed as though the end o f al l o f the ir
bright hopes had come .

The ir cond it ion seemed most p it iable to these men

and w omen w ho had p ut the ir h eart and faith in the
Sav iour on see ing that he did not kno w enough t o
,

avo id his enem ies He kne w t hat sentence had been

.

passed by the Sanh e dr im already upon him that he w as ,

to b e execu ted in the secret counc il o f the Je w s an d

h e le ft th e c ity and w ent to Pe t r aea in order to avo id it
, , ,

and preached th ere fo r a t ime ; but he had qu ietly and

c ircu itously found his w ay back th rough Bethany to
Jerusalem ; an d at B ethany on the death o f his b e
,

l oved w ith t he t w o mourn ing s iste r s he b r o ugh t forth

, ,

that w onder ful m iracle the res urrection o f Laz arus

,

from the grave .

That prec ip itated th e w hol e m atter and it w as th is ,

w ork o f b e ne fi ce n ce that brought to a culm inat ion the

dete r m inat ion o f the templars that he shoul d per ish ;
and pe rish h e did The d isc ipl es had beheld him
.

through all his career ; they had seen the tempest

l ifted and put d o w n ; they had seen the d ead r ise up ;
they had seen nature obed ien t to him ; they had
impl ic it confidence in him and h e l ed th em l ike so ,

many ch ildren w h ither he w ould — though they did

,

, ,
260 THE R ES UR R E C TI ON
’
.

them no t th e Sea o f G al ilee no t the storm n ot the

, , ,

demon s ca s t o ut not the disposse s sed no t those tha t

, ,

w ere exo rc ised no t even death it s el f had prod uce d

,

such a general impres s ion u p on the ir imag ination a s

C h r ist w hen he w as l ifted u p upo n the mounta in and ,

glo w ed w it h the l ight o f the star s and the re appea r ed ,

t wo speak ing w ith him That t ra ns fig u rat io n w as a .

v is io n that they could not w ipe out What w e l earn .

by imaginat io n is among the mos t tenac io us o f all

‘

o ur kno wledges Then w as that love w h ich they

.

bore to him a wakene d the love o f every on e o f the ,

disc iples save Judas and he had some o f it to o fo r

,

the remorse o f Jud as that led him to su ic ide w as not

the rem orse o f a man s consc ience b u t the re mo rse o f
’

a man s love No w al l o f it w as collapsed all o f it was

’

.
,

cr ushed absol utely

, .

They had been d ece ived They had b een w an der ing .

around fo r so me months and years w it h him and they ,

had hoped tha t it w oul d have been he that should

restore Israel The restorat io n meant to the m a grea t
.

deal more than it did to Chr ist ; b ut still it w as all in

the ir m in d and they t hought th is to be the eve o f
,

tr iumph and instantly almost as by a sudden blo w

, , ,

everyth ing came to an end ; and they hu ddled together

in a roo m and w e may w ell bel ieve they did not sho w
the mselves very much in Jer usalem What they must .

have w h ispered to each other what the ir commun ings ,

must have b een we kno w not Oh fo r one or t wo

,
.
,

m ore chapters in th e G ospels

The w omen ho w ever w ho w ere the m ost d eep lov
, ,
-

ing,
they also thought he w as dead and they cla imed ,

the pr iv ilege o f the last r ites o f sepulture They .

claimed the pr iv ilege o f embal m ing him Joseph o f .

 THE R ES URR E G TI ON . 261

Ar imathea , a r ich b ut a tim id man ga ined strength ,

as many tim id men do in the hour w hen the ir hea r ts

are touched to the ir depths He and Nicod emus w ho .
,

was not a t im id man b ut w ho w as qu iet an d u nde mo n

,

s t ra t iv e w ent boldly in that ho ur o f extre mest danger

,

unto Pilate and aske d fo r the body o f Jes us and it was

,

rendered to t hem .

The Je w s could not go in on accoun t o f the Passover .

Y o u notice tha t the rabble Je w s and t he p r iestly Je w s

could stand and demand the exec ut ion o f an inn ocen t
man bu t they could not b r eak a n exte r nal ord inance
, ,

— l ike the b and itti o f Italy w ho are afra id to go by ,

t he statue o f the V irg in Mary w it hout bo wing and ,

cross ing the mselves an d pray ing to it b ut w ho can

, ,

sta b a man They can com mit a c rime b ut th e y can

.
,

not break a superst ition So they w a ited un t il the Sab .

bath w as ove r Eve n love itsel f w as held back by

.

superst ition fo r those w ho in love w ere prepa r ing t o

,

“
em bal m the body rested t he Sabbath day accord ing
,
”
to the command ment .

The n took they the b ody o f Jesus and w rapped it

“

in the l ine n w ith the sp ices as the manne r o f the Je w s

, ,

is to b ury a nd l a id it in Joseph s o w n n e w sepulchre

’
,

w h ich h e had he w n o ut in the rock and he rolled ,

a great stone to the door o f the sepul ch r e and

de parted .

No w in the pl ace w here h e w as c r uc ifie d there w as

a garden and in t he garden th is n e w sepulch r e w here
, ,

in was never man yet la id The r e la id th ey Jesus .

there fo r e beca use o f the Je w s p r eparat ion day ; fo r ’

the se p ulchre w as n igh at hand .

“
An d the w omen al s o w h ich came w ith him fr om ,

G al ilee Ma ry Magdalene and Mary the moth e r o f James

, ,
262 THE R E S UR R E C TI ON .

follo w ed a fter and s itt ing over aga in s t the sepulchre

, ,

beheld the sep ulchre and ho w his bo dy w as la id .

Ho w st r ange a w atch w as tha t Ho w st range a com

b inat ion o f c ircum s tances that the c ros s should have
,

been l ifted up so n e ar to a garden ; that the gard en ,

o f all pla ces shoul d have held am id it s t r ea s ures such

, , ,

a th ing as a sep ulchre he w n in a rock ; th at thus a cold

grave should have been e mbosomed among flo w ers ,

and w a ited fo r w e ek s and months and y ears t he

, , , ,

com ing o f its sac r ed g ues t ! An d n o w ho w str ik ing ,

the p ictu r e A fe w w o r d s and the w hole stands open ,

to the imag inat ion as to the ve ry s ight ! The t wo

w omen s id e by s id e s ilent and yet kno w ing each
, , ,
’
other s though ts w ith one gr ie f w ith one yearn ing
, , ,

w ith one su ffer ing ! Ho me w as fo rgotten and na ,

ture itsel f w as unheeded The odo r ous v ines the .

,

generous bl ossoms the w orld o f s ights a r o und them

, ,

w ere as if they w ere not T he r e w as t he rock and

.
,

only that to them There w as ne ithe r dayl igh t nor

.
,

summer n o r balm n or pe r fume

, ,
The r e w ere no .

l il ies by the ir feet no r roses around them ; fo r though

“

the r e w ere ten thousand o f them the r e w as to the m ,

only that cold gray sepulchral rock

, ,
.

See w hat a l ife th e irs had b een They had l ived .

years w ithout fulfill ing one year Th e y had loved .

w ithou t really lov ing T hey had kno w n w ithou t

.

really kn o w ing The ir n atu r e and full po w er l ay in

.

them but as bu ds l ie in b r anches ; and t here had been

,

n o summer to br in g the m fo r th O nly w hen Ch ris t .

cam e did they find themselves ; fo r m en n ever can find

themselves o f themsel v es but al w ays in the touch o f ,

some other and h igher one An d only then w hen .

,

these w omen saw a natu r e full o f s t r ength full o f ,

 T H E R ES UR R E C TI ON .

troubl es But storms even are r a d iant w hen the sun

.
, ,

sh ines upon them and t r oubles upon an orb o f hope,

and l ove are sunl it clouds w hose gorgeous hues take ,

all terror from the bol t and the stroke .

And so these lov ing souls w e may suppose follo w ed , ,

Chr is t and found a da ily heaven

, His serene nature ; .

his be ne fi ce nce ; his all encompa ss ing sympathy ; his -

d is interestedness that gave every th ing b ut aske d noth

,

ing ; his supernal w isdom ; his po w er over l ife ; his

regency over nature ; his lordsh ip over the winds that ,

fl e w to his hand as a d ove to it s nest ; his mastery over

darkness and death itsel f call ing back the departed ,

sp irit from it s far o ff w an der ing to l ife aga in ; his -

‘
e fil uent glory as he hung in midair sustained by
,
-
,

w h it e clouds or as h e w alked the n ight sea carpeted

,
-
,

w ith darkness ; b u t a bove all that insp irat ion that , , ,

heavenl y purity that S p ir itual l ife that touched the ir

,

l ife and aroused them as never be fore they w ere

,

aroused — in S hort the presence o f th e ir G o d! — all

, ,

these th ings ab id ing w ith them travell ing from day

, ,

to day w ith them measur ing o ut the ir gol den year , ,

gave t he m the ir fi rst ful l kno wl e dge o f l ife as the

soul recogn iz es it ! And these w ere to the ir fond ,

hope doub tl ess a perpe tual g ift

, ,
.

Noth ing seems ever to have a w akened the d isc ipl es

to such instant fear even to ch iding an d rebuke as th e , ,

int imat ion o f the ir Master that h e w ould l eave them .

It seemed l ike a threat o f d estruct ion to the m They .

w ere the more ama z ed and con fou nde d there fore , ,

w hen the treacherous d isc iple b etrayed him w hen he ,

y ielded h imsel f to aut hor ity w hen inj ustice condemn ed ,

him smote him tortured him cruc ified him

, ,
Life w as ,
.

to them no w no l onge r a w ak ing bl iss b ut the torment ,

 THE R ES UR R E G TI ON . 265

of a wild and h ideous dream ; a horr ible insan ity it

seemed Y e t it w as constantly be fore them They
. .

follo w ed him t o the c ity ; they follo w e d him o u t o f

the c ity they follo w ed him till the process ion stopped
u p o n the h ill ; they saw they heard they agon iz ed , ,
.

Andw hen the earthquake shook the ground not ano th e r ,

th ing did it ja r so hee dless and so gr ie f-full as those

w onder ing ama z e d and disappo inted men an d w omen
, ,
.

They stood in a very darkness and the ir l ife w as l ike ,

a grave Al l the past w as a gard en and th is prese nt

.
,

hou r stood up in the m idst o f it l ike a sep ulchre .

A t first gr ie f w as too great They w ere w inter .

str icken The very r igor o f the ir sorro w w ould le t

.

noth ing fl o w B ut as w armth makes even glac iers

.

tr ickle and opens st r eams in the r ibs o f fro z en moun

,

tains so t he hear t kno w s the full fl o w and l ife o f it s

,

gr ie f only w hen it beg ins to mel t and pass a w ay .

There then sat these w atchers ,

The n ight came
, .

on and the n ight w ent a nd there w as Mary Magda

, ,

lene and the othe r Ma ry S itting over aga inst t he sep

, ,
”
ul c hre What to the m w as that sepulchre ? It w as
.

the e nd and sum o f l ife It w a s the ev idence and fac t .

o f van ity and so r ro w I t w as an expo sit ion o f the ir

.

in fatuation I t proved to t hem the folly o f love and

.

the w eakness o f p ur ity The n obl est expe r ience o f the .

p ures t soul s had ende d in su ch b itter d isappo intment

that they no w kne w that they only are w ise w ho can
“ ”
say Le t us eat and d r ink fo r t o morro w w e die
, ,
-
.

C o uld s uch a one b e s tr icken and die ? Coul d such a

o ne b e gathe r ed into the shapeless rock ? C ould such
i
a l ght go out and such a soul be over he med w l ?
,

What s t ar then w as there fo r hO p e in human l ife ?

, ,

What w as sa fe ? What u s e in love in t r ust in hon o r , , ,

266 THE R E S UR R E G T I ON .

in purity s ince the Head and G lory o f them all w as not

,

saved by the m ?
Th is reb uke o f l ife o f soul o f the ir heart love at , ,
-
,

l ength d r ove them a wa v The r e w a s no ga rde n to .

the m w he r e such a s epulch r e stood Th ey returned ; .

but w hat a re tu r n ! Th e re w as no mo re l ife w h e n they

w e n t a w ay fr om him w ho had a w ak e ned b love t r ue
y
l ife in t h e m The n ight w as not hal f so da rk as w ere
.

the ir soul s In a g r ea t a ffl ict ion the r e is 11 0 l igh t e ither

.

in the stars or in the s un For w hen the inner l ight is .

fe d w ith fr agran t o il the r e can b e 11 0 da r knes s though

the sun should go o u t ; b ut w hen l ike a sacred lamp ,

in the temple th e in w a r d l ight is quenche d there is no

, ,

l igh t o utw ardly though a thousand suns S ho uld p res ide

,

in t he heavens To them l ife was all da rkness

. .

And yet w h ile that ga r den hel d the sepulchre and

, ,

the w omen sat w atch ing it and saw only darkness an d ,

desolat ion ho w bl ind they w e r e !

,
Ho w l ittle a fter ,

all did they kno w ! When first all w as a br igh t cer

,

tainty ho w l ittl e then did they kno w ! And w hen

,

after w ar d all w as dark w o e ho w l ittl e yet did they

, ,

kno w ! The darkness and the l ight w ere both al ike to

them fo r they w ere ignoran t al ike o f b oth Ho w l ittle
,
.

didth ey expect or suspect ! Of all the gar den only the ,

“
rock itsel f w as a true so il fo r in it lay th e root o f ,
”
Dav id Fo r t h fro m that unl ikely spot S hould come a
.

flo w e r w hose blossom w ould restore Eden to the w o rld ;

fo r if a garden saw man s fall forth fro m the garden
’

came his l ife aga in B ut th e ir eyes w ere hol den that

.

they should not see The ir hearts w e r e b ur dened that .

they sho uld n o t kno w They saw only the s epulchre .

,

and the stone rolle d aga in s t t he doo r They saw they .

,

fel t the y despa ired

, .
268 T HE R ES UR R E G TI ON .

other w om en w e r e pre s ent They had come laden

, .

w ith o intments fo r embalm ing the body They had .

no hope to see the eye beam upon them aga in They .

never ex p ected to hear t hose w ords from his l ips w h ich

had th r illed the ir hearts be fore I t w as a serv ice o f .

d is intere s t e d comple te and ever remembe ring l ove

, ,
-
,

s uch as w omen s hearts kno w b es t ho w t o cher ish and

’

ho w to express .

They ga th e r ed abou t the t w il igh t tomb They .

came and oh ! su rp ris ing w as the s ight That mas

,
.

s ive stone wh ich defi e d the l ift ing o f the ir tender

,

hands w as already rolled a w ay though on th e road

, ,

th ey had commun e d w ith each other ho w they m ight

ga in entrance to besto w th e ir p ious care upon t he bo dy
o f the Sav iour An d on the s tone sat the angel
. T wo
there had b een — the angel at the head and t he angel
.

, ,

at th e feet Francesco Franc ia o f old has re presented

.

these t wo angels most exqu s tely i i — one as the a ngel ,

o f the past remember ing gr ie f and the other as the

, ,

a ngel o f t he futu r e only h e p ing fo r the t ime to come

,
.

And so on e angel ic form is sad and the other is br ight ,

and rad iant .

The w ome n counted not these t h ings — th ey fel t , ,

th ey commune d w ith full alarm and full j oy ; fo r both

,

strove w ith in the m fo r express ion .

The na rr at ive is as dramat ic as w o r ds c an be made .

It came to pass as they w e r e much pe r pl exed there

,

about enter ing aga in into the se p ulchre behold they

, , ,

s aw t w o you n g m e n s itt in g on t he r ight s ide c l o thed ,

in long w h ite and sh in ing garments

, ,
And they w ere .

a fra id An d as the wom e n bo w ed do w n the ir faces t o

.

the e ar th in obe isanc e — fo r t here w as someth ing di

,

v ine in the ir appea r ance th e m en ans w ered and sa id

 THE R E S URR E G TI ON .
269

“
unto them B e ye not a ffrighted fo r w e kno w that ye
, ,

seek Jesus o f Na z areth that w as cr uc ifie d Why s eek , .

ye th e l iv ing among the dead He is not here He is .

r isen as he said
,
An d they remembered his w ords .

An d they departed q u ickly and fl e dfr om the sepulchre , ,

with fear and great j oy For they trembled and w ere

.
,

a ma z ed Ne ither s aid they anyth in g For they w ere

. .

a fraid and did run to bring his disc iples w ord

,
.

B ut Ch rist w a s yet l inge r ing in the garden He had .

not gone fo r th He kne w that they w ere com ing He

. .

had already by that d iv ine ins igh t w h ich he had per ,

ce iv e d the ir co ming on and w a ite d fo r them , .

It is some w hat s ign ificant that he did no t go to the

great c ity over aga ins t him There is n o ev idence that .

he w ent to it at all It w as the n com ing slo wly into

.

l ight There w as noth ing in Jerusal em that his heart

.

craved to se e aga in G al ilee w as his early home an d

.
,

it w as th ithe r that his thoughts w ere n o w mov ing .

An d there fo r e it w as that h e charged those that first

found him to go on to ward G al ilee .

His fi rst w ords are memora ble in th is that he se ems , ,

w ithout say ing it to have turned a w ay fro m Jerusalem

, .

t he scene o f his trial o f his S hame o f his su ffer ing o f

, , ,

his angu ish o f his death and po ints back aga in to

, ,

G al il e e the scene o f his fa ir youth the s w e et remem

, ,

br anc e s o f w h ich doubtless cam e back to him even in

th is ho ur o f the morn ing o f the resur r ection .

As they w ent to tell his d isc ipl e s b ehold Jesus m e t , ,

them say ing Al l hail ! And they came and held him
, ,

by his feet and w orsh ipped him And then said Jesus .
,

B e n ot afraid
Al l ha il ! b e not afra id W ith in the hour o f his .

com ing forth do ub tless t hey had met him The cool
, .
2 70 THE R E S UR R E C TI ON .

of the rock w as ye t upon his bro w ; the sadness o f

death w as yet scarcely clean s ed fr om his eye He cam e .

from d “
eath an d the grave say ing Al l ha il ! be not , ,

”
a fra id These are t he w ords o f cheer and hope he
.

brought fro m t he g rave w ith him .

His w as the insp irat ion o f the o ther w orld com ing ,

through as a narro w passage the g rave the rock g rave

, , , .

He S pake in the s p irit o f the land fro m w h ich he had

come ; and to ev e ry one w ho has hear d o f Jesus fr om
. ,

that day to th is that vo ice st ill r ings o ut His sal uta

, .

”
tion to each one is Al l ha il ! and to every one his ,
”
greet ing is B e not a fraid , .

Then in the ir j oy — fo r al l l ove j oy seeks to d iffu s e -

itsel f and mak e others happy these lov ing w omen go

back and repo r t to the d isc iples the apostles amo ng ,

them w hat they have found

, T w o o f the apostles .

s t arte d Peter w as one w e w ould guess at on ce ; John

.
,

was the oth er —Pete r and John The n began that

, .

race that immo r tal race bet ween John and Peter Jo hn
, , .

is a modes t man w ho ha r dly eve r cares to mention his,

o w n na m e He uses such pe r iphrastic expres sions as

.

“
the man that lay his h ead o n Chr ist s bosom w hom ’

Jesus love d Here h e says “

.
”
that other disc ipl e , .
”

John and Peter r aced John was a ve ry modest man ; .

b ut he could riot forge t to put in w hat no myth ical or

later man w ould have put in that the other disc iple ,

outran Peter He did o u t r un him and got there first

.
‘

, .

Then there is anothe r exqu is ite touch here John .

had all the sen s ib il ity o f love He had a certain r e .

fi ne me n t o f feel ing th a t p r evented his plung ing head

long into the grave l ike a w ild b u ffalo into a r iver fo r,

w ate r a fter th irst has parched his t ongu e

,
Jo hn comes .

run n ing and stops at the sep ulchre and looks do w n

, ,
2 72 THE R E S UR R E O T I ON .

co rd ing to the pecul iar d ispos it ion that had b een g iven
to him the s e t w o men ran the r ace to the s epulchre ;
,

and in that race love and reflection outstr ipped love

and impulse .

Then cometh S imon Peter follo w ing him and w en t ,

into the sepulchre and seeth the l inen clothes l ie and

, ,

th e napk in that w as about his head no t ly ing w ith t he

”
l inen clothes bu t w rap t together i n a place by itsel f
, .

I t seems strange that some th ings are told from

w h ic h w e apparently can extract noth ing w h il e other ,

th ings are le ft o ut w h ich w ould interpret to us our

S p ir itua l nature w h ich perta in to the g r eat card inal
,

facts o f o u r immortal ity and w h ich seem to be o f the ,

utmost importance to our mortal cond it ion And w hy .

th is apparently ins ign ifica n t fact that the napk in did ,

not l ie w ith the body cl othes should be care fully in ,

s er t e d it is d ifficul t to unde r stand

,
.

“
Then w ent in also the other d isc iple that is ,

J o hn ,
w h ich came first to the sepulchre an d he s aw ,
”
an d bel ieved .

To us w ho have been taught ever s ince w e under ,

stood anyth ing to bel ieve that the Lord w as ra ised

,

from the dead it seem s ve ry strange that these men

,

did not bel ieve it w ho had b een his b odyguard dis

,
“
ci l es
p But
. i t i s add ed : For as yet they kne w not
”
the sc ript ur e that he m ust r ise aga in from the dead
,
.

That w as the fi r st t ime that the d isc iple w ho la id his

head on the Master s bosom and questioned him to the ’

full un derstood that Chr ist w as l iterally to die to b e

, ,

b ur ie d and to b e ra ised fr om the dead The Master

,
.

told him as plainly as w ords coul d tell once and again , ,

and o ften ; and yet here is t he testimony no t only , ,

that the events had taken place b ut that the disc iples , ,
 THE R ES UR R E G TI ON .
2 73

and e ven John among them did not b el ieve in the ir ,

occurrence S o then b el iev ing depend s o n so me th ing

.
, ,

more than a me r e instruct in g or mer e tell ing .

The n the d isc iple s went a w ay aga in u nto the ir o wn

home .

No w c omes the narrat ive o f Mary M agdalene It .

seems that dur ing th is race o f the apostles she had fo l

lo wed at her o w n pace and had n o t so far as w e kno w , , ,

m ingled in the ir confidence She merely s too d wit h .

them B ut no w she is advance d to b e t he prom inent

.

figure in the p icture .

Mary stood without at the s epulchre w eep ing and ,

as she w ept she s tooped do w n and looked into t he

,
”
sepulchre .

Al l these memor ials that sh e b ehe l d called back t o

her w hat she had los t The feel ing s tha t w elled up and .

exp ressed themselves w itho ut restra in t in the boso m o f

the d isc iples bore w itness to the s trong imp r e s s ion that
had been prod uced upon the m by the Master w h ile h e
was y e t w ith them .

She looked into the sepulchre and seeth t wo angels ,

in w h it e s itt ing the one at the head and th e other at

,

the feet w here the body o f Jesus had lain

, .

Mary did not speak to the angels Who w oul d hav e .

addressed h imsel f to sp irits apparent ? They say nu

to her NVo man why w eepest tho u ?
, , A man m ight
tremble if an angel spoke to him ; b ut not a w oman .

Women are n earer ak in to angels than m en are She .

saith unto them B ecause they have take n a way my,

”
Lord and I kno w not w here they have laid him
, .

We S hould take heed to th is fact : that in search in g

after Chr ist h e r thoughts w ere fixed upon his body .

The n in th verse (John xx ) says that th e d isc iples ( and .

VO L . 11 . 18
2 74 THE R ES UR R E G TI ON .

the same w as unquest ionably true o f her) did not be

l ieve in the d octr ine o f the resurre ct ion They w e r e .

mater ial is ts And w hen she looke d in and the angels

.
,

asked her why sh e w ept and by impl icat ion w hat she , , ,

“
sought she sa id ,
They have taken a w ay my Lord
, ,

and I kno w not w here they have la id him She fo l .

lo w ed after his outw ard form and fa in w oul d have ,

found that an d b esto w ed on it all the test imon ials o f

her deep an d un falter ing love .

“
And w hen she had thus sa id she turned herse l f ,

back — ”
do ubtless hear ing some sound “
and saw
”
Jesus stand ing and kn e w not that it w as Jesus
,
.

”
Jesus sa ith unto her exactly w hat the angels ,

had sa id Woman why w e epest thou ? w hom seek

, ,

est thou ? She s uppos ing him to b e the gardener

, ,

saith unto him Sir if thou has t borne him hence

, , ,

tell me w here thou hast la id him and I will take him ,

”
a w ay .

Idolatrous l ove seek ing still the mater ial form o f

,

the Sav io ur N oble l ove full o f fidel ity b ut l o w ;

.
, ,

l o w b ecause ye t follo wing a fter C hr ist s l iteral bo dy

’

,
.

B ut she did no t u nd erstand his vo ice ; her ears did

not interpret anyth ing to her She did not recogn iz e .

his for m and face ; he r eyes did not in terp r et any

th ing to her It is said by some that d eath had so
.

ch anged him that sh e did no t kno w him There is .

n o ev idence o f th is I t is sa id by oth ers that her o w n

.

cond it ion w as such that she coul d not recogn iz e him ;

that she w as so overpo w ered by gr ie f t ill the tea rs had ,

w oven a ve il be fore her eyes that S he co uld not see ,

him But such love as h ers w ould see through any

.

ve il If Chr is t had s tood in his o w n l ineamen ts and

.
,

if he had spoke n in his o wn vo ice she w ould have ,

2 76 THE R ES UR R E G T I ON .

all o f them are bound up in one s ingl e w ord ; and to

”
say Mary w as to say eve ry th ing It did say every .

th ing to her .

No w comes th e most remarkable part o f all this

scen e O nly by the ans w er o f Chr is t is it kno w n t ha t
.

Mary on hear ing her name calle d and u tter ing the
, ,

exclamation that is ascr ibed to he r rushed for ward ,

instinctively to clasp the Sav iour in he r arms She .

did w hat love should have made her do and w hat ,

every mother w oul d have done what every s ister ,

w ould have done w hat every lov ing heart w oul d

,

have done on the fi rs t impulse o f surpr ise and affe c

,

t ion She sough t to se iz e the obj ect to ward w h ich her

.

w hol e be ing w ent out and d eta in it fo r on e momen t ,

in her grasp Y e t the narrative does not say so

. .

Jesus sa ith u nto he r Mary She turned hersel f ,

.
,

and saith u nto him Ra bb on i w h ich is to say Master, , ,

.

Jesus sa ith unto he r Touch me not ; fo r I am not yet ,

”
ascended to my Father .

Only by th is last sentence do w e k n o w w hat w as he r

spontan eous act ion An d t he question ar ises Why did
.
,

Chr ist forb id her to touch him ?

Why sh ould Chr ist say to th is noble lov ing heart , ,

“ ouch me not ”
T Up to th is t ime both she and th e
.

disc ipl es had a ddressed him only w ith th e ir n atu ral

feel ings He r wh ole mind rested u pon Ch rist as a
bod ily person — as one l iv ing in this l ife so l o ng as
.

h e w as presen t w ith he r In the early parts o f his .

min istry she fel t,

“
He is al ive and ours
,
b ut w hen ,

he had d ied and w a s gone she had no po w er to con

,
.

ce iv e o f his l iv ing except in the b od ily cond it ion and ,

all that she asp ired to do w as to follo w his b Ody She .

had fixed her soul on Ch r is t as a bo dily ex istence .

 THE R E S URR E O TI ON . 277

She mourned him as dead b ecause his body had d ied ,

.

She sought a fter that w ish ing to e mbal m and ano int
,

it
. To recover that w as the great d e s ire o f her heart .

There fore w hen she saw Ch rist she sa id

,
He is al ive , , ,
”
because his body is h ere ; and she w ould instantly
have clasped him in her arms to make certa in o f keep ,

ing him .B ut Chr ist said Stop stop do not touch,

me I am more than body Although I have no t yet

. .

ascended to my Father and taken my sp iritual for m

,
”
perma nen tl y I am a sp irit,
Th is was t he teach ing .

that b eame d forth in these w ords He sought in .

,

that moment w hen h er so ul w as O pened furro we d

, , ,

and w hen seeds could b e so wn that w o uld neve r fo r

sake her to impress u po n he r that real ity The dis
,
.

cip l e s had not all learned during the thre e years that
,

they had been w ith Chr ist that he must die .

We mark the grace and tenderness o f Chr ist in

adapt ing h imsel f to the w ants o f each one To doubt .

“ ”
ing Thomas he sa id Touch m e ,
That he thought .

to b e the most e ffectual method o f teach in g him w hat

he most need ed to kn o w To Mary t he heart lov ing.
,
-

one h e sa id Yo u ought to have yo ur und erstand ing

, ,

in w ardly open to perce ive tha t I l ive no t b ecause I am ,

be fore y o u in the body b ut because I am a sp ir it

,
.

Y o u shoul d learn not only that I am a v is ibl e person

age w hose voice you can hear to w hom you can speak
, , ,

and about w hom y o u can thro w your arms bu t that I ,

a m your inv is ible G o d Do not touch me Help your

. .

sel f by your senses no longe r Come to me by the .

”
heart and by your sp ir itual nature Thus he d eal t .

w ith Mary in on e w ay and w ith Thomas in another

,
.

And a fter w ards h e deal t w ith Paul in st ill an other w ay

-
,

by an over whelm ing d isplay that took from him almos t

2 78 THE R E S UR R E G T I ON .

all sense that bl inde d him tha t stunned him and

, , ,

that w rought conv iction in him by m os t extraord inary

proce s ses.

Peter and John had ev identl y le ft the gar den and

returned home w ithout see ing Jesus Mary hastened
,
.

to find the other d isc iples She came and told the m
.
,

as they mourne d and w ept that she had seen the Lo rd

,

“
and that he had spoken to her ; and they w hen they ,

had heard that he w as al ive and had been seen o f he r

, ,
”
bel ieved no t .

On th is same day and w h ile the d isc ipl es w ere still

’
w onder ing over th e n e w s o f J e s us s re s urrect ion as r e
ported to them by the w omen he appears aga in to ,

t w o o f t hem It is g iven in Luke w ith m ore than

.

usual deta il .

Two o f them [t w o o f the d isc iples] w ent that same

day to a v illage called Emmaus w h ich w as from Jeru ,

sale m ab out three score furlongs An d they talked

-
.

together o f these th ings w h ich had happened An d it .

came to pass that w h il e th ey communed togeth er and

,

reasoned Jesus h imsel f d re w n ear and w en t w ith

, ,
”
th em . As a good traveller h e falls into compan ion
,
“
sh ip w ith them B ut the ir eyes w ere h olden that
.

”
they should not k no w him .

“
An d [not reveal in g h imsel f with that k ind o f
frankness wh ich m ight have b een expected b ut carry ,

ing h imsel f in a sort o f dramat ic myste rious w ay as if , ,

he w ere stand ing outs id e o f the ir acqua intance to see

exactly ho w the ir m inds w ould w ork ] h e sa id unto
them What manner o f commun icat ions are these
,

that ye have on e to another as ye w alk and are , ,

sad?
”
He read the ir countenances .

“ And the one o f them w ho s e name

was Cleopas ,
2 80 THE R ES UR R E G TI ON .

and there and exp ou nd ing them ; but no recor d was

,

made o f his commen ts upon them It is relate d that .

w hen Pete r r an t o t he S epul chre ands toope d do wn he ,

b ehel d the l inen clothes l a id by themselves ; var ious

o ther items o f small impor t are ment ioned in the
account ; but o f th is mos t prec ious e x pos itory s ermo n
that was ever uttered by human l ips the p emnan fo r
g e t to tell us a nyth ing an d it is los t , .

A nd they dre w n igh unto the v illage wh ith e r they

w ent ; and he mad e as though h e woul d h ave gon e
fur th er .

But thev con stra ined him say ing A b ide w ith us , .

fo r it is to wa r d even ing and the day is far s pe nt , .

A nd h e w ent in to tarr y w ith t hem .

And it came t o pa s s as he sat a t meat with them

‘
, ,

he took b read and bl e ss e d it and b rake an d gav e t o

, , ,

t hem A nd the ir eye s w ere O pened and they kn e w

.
,

him and he van ishe d out o f the ir s igh t ”

.

N o more p ictur e s q ue and b eaut iful s cene is de picted

in the l ife o f Ch r ist tha n th is w alk a fte r his r es urr ec
, ,

t ion o ut to Emmau s The innocent uncon sc iou sness

, .

o f the d isc iples pl eases u s l ike a s cene in a d rama .

That t ra it t o o in the Lo rd w h ich l ed him to ke ep in

, , ,

disgu ise is pecul iarly inter es t ing

,
It interp re t s much o f .

the D iv ine na t ure One w oul d have look ed accord ing

.
,

to the ord inary id ea s o f the D iv ine m ind and o f it s ,

method s fo r an ope n and p rompt d is clo s ure o f him

,

s el f
. But no ; it was plea sant t o him fo r some reas o n , ,

t o b e w ith his d is ciple s t o love t he m to perce iv e , ,

the ir embarrassm en ts to ins truct them w ithout l ett ing

, ,

the m kno w that he was there It was not d ecep t io n . .

It was only a p erm itt ing t hem to ha v e th e ir o wn

not ions o f him und is tu rb ed wh il e b e exerc is ed the ,
 T HE R E S UR R E G TI ON . 2 81

ful l m iss ion o f love Th is cannot be an un inte nded

.

d isclosure o f the D iv ine nature We w ill not call it .

mystic ; and s till l ess call it secretive ; b ut there is a

love o f non d isclo s ure o f personal ity dur ing the O pera
-

tion o f merc iful g race w h ich has illustrat io n in var ious ,

other port ions o f the G ospel The d isc iple s could no t .

b ut have had some cur ios ity t o kno w w ho thus as a ,

master meeting them by the w ay w as instructing

, , _

them so m ightily o u t o f the Scr iptures .

O ne cannot but see that the Lord carr ied h imsel f to

the m j us t as in n atu re D iv ine prov idence is al ways
carry in g itsel f Merc ies move w ith w ide spread b ene
.
-

fact ion ; yet w ithout interpreting themselves Natu r e .

”
is bless ing w ithout say ing I bl ess Mess ages ar e ,
.

com ing through t he air and thro ugh D iv ine prov i ,

dence fro m G o d; and yet they do not say G o d “ ”

, .
,

G o d is present in a S ilent w ay al w ays A certain hid .

den el e ment or h iding el ement there is in the D iv in e

, ,

m ind G od s bl ess ings steal into l ife n o iselessly They

.
’

are ne ither sel f procla iming n or even sel f announc ing

-
,
-
.

There is an exqu is ite touch too in th e scen e at the , ,

gate w here it is said He mad e as though he w ould

, ,

have gone further w h ich some have s tumble d at , ,

suppos in g that it w as a r use o r tr ick —a gentle ,

pretence to secure entreaty S uch persons cannot .

understand the n icet ies o f the finer and the h igher

feel ings D oub tless he w ould ha v e gon e on had they

.
,

not l e t o u t the ir hearts on him and constra ined him

~
,

to enter Noth ing is so sens itive as l ove ; an d the

.

greater the mo r e sens itive I t cann ot end ure indiffe r

, .

ence It nee ds to b e w anted Lik e a lamp it nee ds

. .
,

to b e fe d from out o f the o il o f another s hear t or it s ’

fla me b urn s L w a .
2 82 T HE R ES UR R E G TI ON .

B ut w hen he had gone in and by his S ilent ,

po we r l ike a b urst ing b ud blossomed o ut b e fore

, ,

the m a t t he even ing meal then in the very moment , ,

o f the ir j oy h e van is he d from the ir s ight They

, .

first kne w the fulne s s o f the ir bless ing w hen they

w e r e los ing it .

“
He van ished out o f the ir s igh t ; and they sat
look ing a t one ano the r an d w onde r ing ; and by and
by one o f the m sa id D id n ot o ur heart b urn w ith in
,

us w h ile he w alked w ith i rs by the way and w h ile he ,

O pened to 1 1 s the Scr ip tures ?

Then they w ent back to Je r usal em and reveal ed

th e ir exper ience to the disc ipl es that w ere gathered
together there The doo rs w ere S h ut w h ere the dis
.

c i l e s w ere assembled
p fo r fear o f the Je ws
, We see .

them huddled together in a secre t pl ace in the utmost ,

ob scur ity doub tless w h isper ing rather than talk ing
, .

“
And as they sat a t m eat th ey [these d isc iples
from Emmaus ] told w hat th ings w ere d one in the w ay ,

an d ho w h e w as kno w n o f the m in break ing O f bread .

An d as they thus S pake Jesus h imsel f stood in the ,

m idst o f them and u pbra ided them w ith the ir u nb el ie f

,

and hardness o f heart b ecause they bel ieved not the m

,

w h ich had see n him a fter he w as r ise n ; and he sa ith

unto them Pe ace b e unto you B ut th ey w ere terr i
,
.

fi e d and a ffr ighted and supposed that they had se en a

,

sp irit And h e sa id u nto them Why are y e t r oub l ed ?

.
,

and w hy do thoughts a rise in your h e a r ts ? B ehold '

my hands and my feet that it is I mysel f ; handl e me

,

and see ; fo r a sp irit hath not fle s h and b ones as ye ,

”
see me have .

He c om forts them j ust as a mothe r com fo r ts an

,

a ffr ighted ch ild sooth ing it s fear and br ing ing it t o

, ,
2 84 THE R ES UR R E G TI ON .

least to create a j oy ful pres umpt ion But w ith a sort

, .

o f conce it and lo ft iness as m uch as to say “

, T hey may ,
”
be imposed upon b ut I cannot b e he sa id
, ,

“
Exce pt I shall see in his hand s the p rint o f the
n a ils and put my finger into the pr int o f the na ils
, ,
”
and thrust my hand into his s ide I w ill not bel ieve , .

“
It is as if he had sa id I must b e present w hen I
,

am conv inced ; and it must be accord ing to my m ind

and my nature and no t by sympathy that the ev idence
, ,
”
shall come .

And after e igh t days aga in his d isc iples w ere w ith
in and Thomas w ith them then came Jesus the doo rs
, ,

be ing shut and stood in the m idst and said Peace be , ,

unto you .

Ho w s ingularly full o f peace Ch r ist w as both in the ,

last hours prece ding his cruc ifix ion and after ward , ,

every t ime that he me t his d isc ipl es !

Then s aith he to Thomas Reach h ither thy finger , ,

and behold my hands and reach h ither thy hand and ,

thrust it into my s id e ; and b e no t fa ithless b ut ,

bel iev ing .

It w as too much fo r p oor Thomas He cr ied out .

,

My Lord and my G o d
No w Thomas did no t mean any harm He had a .

heart in him He only had a touch o f van ity He

. .

w as not go ing to b el ieve because others did Jesu s .

came to him w ith that s w eetness an d tend erness and , ,

b eautifulness ; and the m oment he saw Jesus h e could ,

not res ist ano ther instant and he cr ied out My Lord , ,
”
an d my G o d!
Jesus sa ith u nto him Thomas be cause thou hast , ,

seen me thou hast bel ieved blessed are they tha t have
,

n o t seen me and yet have bel ieved

,
.
 THE R ES UR R E G TI ON . 2 85

Th is is not a r ebuk e o f the des ire to have phys ical

ev idence o f phys ical facts at all ; nor is it a reb uke O f
,

Thomas fo r des ir ing to identify t he Sav iour past all

m istake ; bu t it seems rather as though there w as an
in ward feel ing wh ich insp ired that reb uke o f C hr ist It . .

“
is as if he had sa id After l iv ing so many y ears w it h
,

me after experienc ing the intimacy and t he en dur ing

,

l o v e that yo u have a fter kno wing all that you have

,

kno w n — w as there noth ing in you r hope w as there

, ,

noth ing in your love w as there noth ing in t he proba

,

bil it ie s o f the h istory o f my b ear in g to w ard th e other

d isc iples w as there noth ing in you tha t w as touched
,

by the ir testimony It was a reproach to the love o f

Thomas . Chr ist as m uc h as sa id If y o u hadloved me ,

Thomas as I have loved you you w ould have need ed

, ,

no other ev idence The intu ition o f love w ould have

.

made yo u sure w he n you h eard one and an other and

,

another bear test imony that I your Lord and Master , ,

”
had r isen .

The scene looked at in t h is l ight is inexpress ibly

, ,

beautiful Th is reply o f the Sav iour appeal s to the

.

de e pest part o f our nature rather than to our eyes and ,

hands . Though these are proper instruments to b e

empl oyed in ascertaining the truth y e t as bet w een ,

fr ie nd s the h e ar t ou ght to interp ret .

 IT has b ee n d ee me d a dv is abl e in t h s i e dit i no of T 1 1 1 : Ll F E
4 OF J E S US
T HE C H R IS T i
no t t o r e p r nt t he e nt re i te xt f
O B ags t e r
’
s G o sp e l Hi s to ry
C o nso l i d at d
e ,
”
b ut t he he a d i ng s ly
on of t he c hap t e r s , t o ge t he r wi th t h e

r e fe r e nce s t o t he t e t x of t he G o sp e ls an d t he marg in l a r e fe r e nce s to

p ass age s in t he O l d T es t ame nt .

 A PP E N D I X I .

THE G O S PELS C O NS O LID ATED .

C HA PT ER XX I . A disco urse of J esus, an dsev eral Parabl es .

R e fer t o L uke x 1 —5911 . .

x i i 1 —9 i . .

C HA PT ER XX I I Parabl es : T he S ower - T he Tares an d the

—Th G
. .

W he at . e r o wing S eed .
-
The G rain M ust ard seed
of .

The Leav en — The Hid Treasure — T he Pearl o f G reat Pr ice .

The Net an dt he F ishes .

Refer t o M tthe w x iii 1 —53

a . .

M k iv 1 3 4
ar . .

Luk e V iv 1 8
1 1 1. . .

Ps lm xxxv iii 2
a . .

C HA PT ER XX I I I — J e sus ob s e rv at io ns t o those who wishe d

’
. to
fo ll o w Him — T he S till ing o f the Te mpes t —The Heal ing
. . of

t he D emoniac at G ad ara .

Re fer t o M a t t he w v i i 1 8—3 4 i . .

ix 1 . .

M k iv
ar . 3 5—41 .

v 1 —2 0
. .

L uke v iii . 2 2 —3 9 .

V OL 1 1
. .
—1 9
2 90 T HE G OS PELS C ON S O LI D A TE D .

C H A P T ER XX IV . Le v i s
’
F e as t —As t o F a s t ing — T he R ais ing
. .

of J air u s
'

s D u ght
a er .
— T he Heal ing o f t he \Vo ma n w it h an
I ssu e of Bl o o d ; an d o t her M ir acl e s .

R e fer t o M t th w 1 0
a e 1 x. - 34 .

M k ii 1 5—2 2
ar . .

v 2 1 —4 3 . .

Luk e v 2 9— 39
—
. .

v i1 i . 3 7, 4 0 5 6 .

C HA P T E R XXV — T he . S e n d in g Fo rth of t he T w e lv e D is cip l e s .

The D e at h o f J o hn t he B ap t is t .

R efer to M at the wi x . 3 5—38 .

x . 1 , 5-4 2 .

xi 1
—
. .

xiii . 54 58 .

x iv . l 2 6- 1 2
—
, .
,

Mark v i 1 13
.

21—
.

vi . 29 .

v i. 1 41 —
16 .

Luk e ix 1 —
9 . .

C HA P T ER XXV I — The R e t u
. rn o f t he T w elv e .
—Th F d ing e ee of

t he F iv e T ho u s and . J es u s W lk ing o n t he
a W at e r .

Refer t o M tthew x v 1 3 —
a 36 1 . .

M k v i 3 0—5 6
ar . .

Lu k e 1x . 1 0—17
Jo hn v i 1—
. 21 .

C HA P T ER XXV I I . T he B read of Life — Pe t er s ’

Pr o fes s io n of

F ait h .

R efer t o John v i 2 2—71 . .

vii . 1 .

Isaiah l iv 1 3 . .

C HA P T ER XXV III . J e su s on t he T ra it io ns d of t he E ld ers .

R e fe r to M tt h w xv 1
a e .
-
20 .

M k ii 1 —2 3
ar v . .

I i h xx ix 1 3
sa a . .

C HA P T E R XX IX — The . Se p he nician W o man .

—M an y M ira
cl e s . T he F ee d ing of t he Fo u r T ho u s and .

R e fe r to Matt he w xv . 21 —39 .

Mark vn . 2 4—37 .
2 92 THE G OS PELS C ON S OLI DA TE D .

CHA P T ER XXXV I . The Parabl e of t he G oo d S amar it an . M ar

t ha an d M ary . The Lo r d ’
s Pr ay e r . The R e t urn of t he
S ev ent y
—
.

Refer t o Lu k e x . 25 42 .

x . 1 7- 2 4 .

xi . 1—13 .

CHA P T ER XXXV II - The Heal ing of a M an bo r n Bl ind and

—The d ep art u r e
.
,

co nse qu e nt C o nt r o v e r sy amo ngs t t he J e ws .

of J esus b ey o n d J o r d an .

R efer t o Jo hn ix 1 —41 . .

x . 1 -4 2 .

CHA P TE XXXV II I
R . The R aisin g of Laz ar u s . Co nsp iracy of

t he C hie f Pr ies t s an d Phar isees .

- R e t ir ement of J es u s t o
Ep hr aim
—
.

R e fer t o John xi . 1 54 .

C HA P T ER XXX I X .
—M i r ac e s l on t he S a bb at h Day —J es us . on

S e l f-e x al t at io n . The Par abl e of t he G reat S u p p er .

R efer to M t thew xix l 2

a .
,
.

M rk x I
a

Lu k e x iii 1 0—
. .

35 . .

xiv 1 — 24 . .

C HA P T ER — Par abl es : The Bu ild er o f t he To w e r —The

XL . .

K ing w it h Te n T ho u san d T he Lo s t S he e p T he Lo s t . .

Pie ce o f M o ne y — T he Pr o d igal S o n . T he Unj u st S t e w ard . .

The R ich M an and Laz ar u s .

R efer to Luk e xiv .

—
25 3 5 .

xv 1 —3 2 . .

x vi 1- 3 1
xvii 1 —
. .

10 . .

C HA P T ER X LI .
—Tl 1e C o min g of t he K ingd o m o f G od . Para
bl e s . T he I mp o r t u nat e W id o w . T he Phar is e e an d t he Pub
l ican . D iv o r ce . J esu s an d Lit t l e C hild r e n .

Refer to Luk e xvii 20—3 7 . .

xvii i l —I 7 . .

Mat thew xix 3 .

-1 5 .

M rk x 2—1 6
a . .
 THE G OS PE LS C ON S OLI DA T ED .
2 93

C HA P T ER X LII .
—
Th e R ich Y o u ng R ul e r . Par abl e of t he La
bo r ers in t he V iney a d r .

R e fe r t o M atthe w xi x. 10 3 0 — .

xx . 1-16 .

M rk x 1 7 3 1
a .
-
.

Luk e xviii 1 8—30 . .

C HA P T ER X LIII . T he S u ffe r ings of J esu s again F o r e t o ld .

T he A mb it io n of J ame s an dJ o hn . J e r icho . T he T wo Bl ind

M en .
- Z acche us .
— The Par abl e of t he Te n Po n s u d .

Re fer t o M tthew xx 1 7—
a 34 . .

M k x 3 2—5 2
ar . .

Luk xvii i 3 1 —
e 43 . .

x ix . 1—28 .

C HA P T ER X LIV . R et u rn of J e sus t o B et hany ,

an dHis Publ ic
Ent ry int o J er usal e m .

Refer t o Jo hn xi 55- 5 7 . .

xii . 13 , 1 6- 1 9 .

M tthew xxi 1 —1 1
a . 1 4- 1 7
M k xi 1 —
.
,

ar 11 . .

Lu k e xix 29— 44 . .

Z echariah ix . 9 .

Psal m viii 2 . .

C HA P TE R X LV .
— T he W it her e d F ig T r e e -
. The Cl eansing of

t he T e mp l e Par abl e s of t he Two S o ns, t he W ick e d

—Th M
.

Hu s b andmen . e ar r iage o f t he K ing s ’

Son .

Re fer to Matthew xxi I 2 1 3 .

, 1 8—
46 .

xxii I—
,

l4 . .

M k xi 1 2—3 3
ar .

1—
.

xi 12 i . .

Luk xix 45—

e 48 . .

x xi . 37 3 8 ,
.

xx . 1 —1 9 .

C HA P T ER X LV I .
—Q u es t io ns p ut t o J es us in t he T e mp l e .

Re fer t o M tthew xx n 1 5
a .
-
46
Ma k x ii 1 3 —
.

r 37 . .

Lu k e xx 2 0—44 .

P al m e x 1
s . .
 2 94 THE G OS P E LS C ON S OLI DA TE D .

C HA P TER X LV II —De . 11 u nciat io n o f t he S cr i b es and Phar ise es .

R e fe r t o M tt hew xx iii 1 —
a 39 . .

M rk xii 3 8 40
a .
- .

Lu k e xx 45 47 .
- .

C HA P T ER X LV II I —Th . e W id o w ’
s M it e —The . Unbel ief of t he
J ews
Ma k x 4 1 —44
.

Refer t o r u

Luke xx i 1 —
. .

4
—
. .

Jo hn x ii . 20 5 0 .

Isaiah v i 1 0 . .

C HA P T ER X LIX .
-Pr 0 p l 1 e cies z D est u r c t io n of t he T e mp l e .

Pe r sec u t io n of C hr is t
’
s D iscip l es — The S igns p re ce d ing t he
D estr u ct io n of J er u sal e m, an d t he End o f t he J e is h D is p e n w
s at io n —P ar a bl e s : The Ten V irgins . The F ive T al e nt s .

The Day of J ud gme nt .

R e fer to Mat thew xxiv 1 —51 . .

xxv 1 46 .
- .

Ma k x iii 1 3 7
r .
-

Luke xxi 5—
.

36 . .

C HA P T ER L . Co ns p iracy of ul e r s
t he R against J e sus . J ud as
I s car io t . The S u p p e r at B et hany .

R efer t o Matthew xxvi 1 .

- 16 .

M k x i I—II
ar v. .

Luk x x i i 1 —
e 6 . .

Jo hn x ii . 2—8 .

C HA P T ER LI Pr e p ar at io n fo r t he Passo v e r —Th e W ashing o f

—I h
. .

t he D iscip l e F s
’
ee t .
‘ ‘
e T r ait o r p o int e d o ut .

R efe r to M tt h w xxvi 1 7—25

a e . .

M k xi 1 2—2 1
ar v .

Luk e xx n 7—
.

1 8 24—30 2 1—
23
Jo hn x iii 1 —
.
, ,

30 . .

P al m xl i 9
s . .

C HA P T ER LII .
—I ns t it u t io n of t he Lo r d
’
s S u p p er . J es u s Las t
’

D isc u o r s e an d Pr ay e r w it h his D iscip l e s .

R f t M tth w xxvi 3 1 —
e er o 35
a e .
,
2 6—29 .

M k xi ar v . 2 7- 3 1 , 22- 2 5 .
2 96 T HE G OS P ELS C ON S OLI DA TED .

CHA P T ER LV II . The R es u rre ct io n .

Refer to Mat t h w xx n 6 2— 66 e v

xxviii 1 —
. .

15 . .

M k x i 1 12
ar v .
-

Lu k xx iv 1 —
.

e 12 . .

J hn xx 1 —
o 18 . .

C HA P T ER L V III .
—Th e J o u r n ey t o E mmau s . A p p e aran ce s of

J es u s t o t he A p o s t l e s at J er u sal e m .

R e fe r to M k xvi 1 2 1 8
ar .
-
.

Luk xx iv 1 23 —
e 48 . .

J hn xx 1 9 —
o 29 . .

1 C xv 5
or . .

C HA P TER LI X . J e s u s in G al il ee a ft er t he R e s u r r e ct io n .

R e fer t o Matt he w xxviii 1 6—20 .

hn xx i 1 —
.

Jo 24 . .

1 Co r . xv . 6 .

CHA P T ER T he A s ce n s io n .

R e fe r t o M ar k xv i. 19 .

Luk exxiv 49 5 3 .
-
.

1 C xv 7
or . . .

M tthew xxvii i 20
a .

Act i 3 —
.

8
s . .

J hn xx 3 0 3 1
o .
,
.

xxi . 25 .

Act s i 9- 1 2 . .
 A PPE N D I X I I.

DE S CR IPTION OF THE E N G R AVIN G S .

 IT has been tho ught b est to p int t h e nt i e Ap pend ix in t hi s as well as
r e r

t h i mp i l d i t i o n al th ugh m ny f t h p i t
e er a e ,
s or t be fo u nd in
a o e c u re a e o

th i mp i l d i t i o n nly
e er a eT he o i g i n l Pa t L o t av
o . d i t i o n p ubl i h d
r a r , c o e , s e

in 1 87 2 co n t a i n d o nly s ix ng v i ng
,
e i ncl d i ng map s S ve l f ll
e ra s, u . e ra u

p g p
a e i c t u s hav b
re ee n dd d n d Pe t I is d s i g n t d V l I in t hi s
a e , a ar . e a e o . .

e d i t i o n Vo l II ct vo d i t i o n i ls e n i he d by nu me u s f ull p ge
. . .
,
o a e , s a o r c ro -
a

i llust at i o ns The a ng m nt o f t he t e x t and s i e f t he p g in t he

r . r ra e e z o a e

oc t av e d i t i o n p ev n t d t h u e f t he m ny mall
o r e e wo d ut s w i t h
e s o a s er o -
c

whi h t he i mp e i l d i t i o n is e mb ll i h d The f e n t ed i t i o ns
c r a e e s e re e r ces o

a nd v o l ume s at t he end f e a h a t i cle s ho w whe re t h i t es a e to c ur r

o p c r e

b e fo und .

Theut ho r o f t hi s A p p end i x is Mr A L Rawso n who made mo st o f t he

a . . .
,

o i g i n l s k e t ch s fro m which t hi s w
r a e k has b en emb ell i hed andwho is o n or e s , e

o f t he b t au t ho r i t i es o n al l su bj ect s co nnect ed wi t h t he t o p og p hy o f t he
es ra

Holy Land .
 A PP E N D I X II .

DES CRIPTION OF THE ENG RAVING S .

“
THE au t hor of t his Life of l
J e sus d t het he Chr is t ”
s e e ct e

s k et che s fr o m t he p o r t fo l io o f t he des i ner and t hey w e r e e n

g ,

gr av e d by t wo o f t he mo s t e minent e ngr av e r s o n w o o d in t he
w o r ld W ill iam J and He nr y D Lint o n after d rawings o n w o o d
, . .
,

by t he ar t ist ic p encil o f Harry F enn —excep t a fe w t hat w er e ,

d r awn by t he de signer .

T hese p ict ur e s ar e no t fro m p ho t o gr ap hs but fr om w at er co l o r ,

-

s k e t che s mad e at t he p l ace s r e r ese nt e d by t he d es i ne r o n se v

p g ‘

er al o f his v isit s t o Pal es t ine T hey ar e s u p e r io r t o p ho t o gr ap hs

.
,

fo r t hey co nt ain t he r es ul t s o f t ho u ght and ac quaint ance w it h t he

v ar io u s p l ace s and in s o me a u nio n o r co mbinat io n o f sev e r al
,
“
v ie ws in o ne, as in t he J e r icho .
”

Tr ad it io ns d l egend s hang l ik e a d ense fo g abo ut t he s o cal l ed

an -

e, and mak e it imp o s s ibl e fo r an ar t ist

“ ho ly l in P l e t in
p aces a s

t o r ep r e sent t he t r u e sit e o f any o ne o f t he m b ey o n d q u es t io n .

The p l an in t his ser ies o f p ict u r es was t o giv e her e p o ss ibl e s u ch w

a v ie w as o uld inclu dw e mo r e t han o ne s it e wher e t he re e r e se v w
e ra l o ffere d ,
as w ill be s ee n at o nce in t he Cr ucifix io n w here
a v iew of J e r u sal e m is p r ese nt ed t hat giv e s al l t he s it e s o ffer e d
as t he l o cal it y r eferre d t o in t he acco u nt as giv en in t he G o s
l
p e s, includ ing t he d j u s t o u t sid e t he S t S t ep hen
sit e p r o p o se .

G at e near t he D o me o f t he R o ck t he s u p p o se d s it e o f Hero d s
, ,
’

T e mp l e t he o ne und er t he C hu rch o f t he Ho ly S e p ul chr e w hich

, ,

is said t o co v e r t he p l ace o f crucifix io n and t he t o mb and t he ,

k no ll o u t sid e o f and ne ar t he D amascu s G at e Ot her p l ace s ar e .

r efe rr e d t o in t his de s cr ip t io n at s o me l e ngt h as in t he cas e o f ,

3 00 D E S CR IP T I ON 0 1» T HE E N G R A wiv e s .

“ B et hl ehe m in w hich t he mo d er n sit e o f t his ancie nt cit y as

,

l o cat e d by t he mo nk s is co ns id er e d In no cas e has any id ea .

b een advo cat e d t hat w as no t acce p t abl e t o M r B e e cher w ho in .

,

many int e r v ie w s w it h t he ar t ist hear t ily co incid e d w it h his v ie w s

as t o t he d es ir abl e nes s o f r ear r ang ing t he ge o gr ap hy o f t he ho ly

p l aces .

The o nly p ict u r e s no t s e l e ct e d fr o m o r iginal sk e t ches ar e t he

M ap o f t he V icinit y o f J e r u sal e m w hich is co mp il e d fr o m t he
”
,

map o f t he Engl is h Pal e s t ine S u r v e y c o mp l e t e d o nly a fe w y ears ,

“
s ince ; an d t he p ict u r es o f t he S e a o f G al il e e and o f t he
“ w
S amp o f Pap y r u s R e e d s w hich w e r e s u pp l ie d by M r F e nn
”
, .

fr o m p ho t o grap hs .

I n no case has t he t r u t h of t he s ce neb ee n sacrifi ce d fo r mer e

ic t o r ial e ffe ct W he r e p ict u r es hav e b ee n co mp il e d fr o m s e v
p .

l sk et che s as in t he inst ance o f

e ra ,
t he “ ”
J e r icho , t he ar t ist , w ho
w as l imit e d t o o ne v ie w in t hat l o cal i t y s t r o v e t o , giv e as much
as p o s s ibl e o f t he imp o r t ant p o int s o f t he s ce ne r y .

The Ov er tu r e f Angel s
o .

R e l igio us id eas d ar t ist ic fancies ar e s k il fu lly gr oup e d in

an

t his co mp o s it io n by M r F e nn T he J e w ish high p r ie st w it h

. .
-

inc ens e b e fo r e t he high al t ar , t he v ir gin mo t her and infant J es u s ,

ad o r ing ange l s , t he ince nse o f so ng and har mo ny o f har p s, t he

s u gge s t ed mo v e me nt s in r hy t hm, en gage t he mind in c o nt e mp l a

t io n o f t he gr eat t he me , t he e l e v at io n o f t he s o ul A mo ng t he .

d w s b el o w t he ann u nciat io n t o M ar y t he app ear ance t o t he

s ha o , ,

s he p he r d s t he b ab e in t he mange r and t he fl ight ar e s u gge s t e d

, ,

in e ff ect iv e sk e t ches T ime w as w he n t he s e d r e ams o r fancie s

.

w ere in r el igio u s l ife so l id and gl o r io u s r eal it ies The y are no w .

v alu e d chie fly as s u gge st io ns o f s p irit u al ho p es and asp ir at ions .

( 8 v o cd, . v ol . i)
.

A ngel ic Ap p ear ance to Z ac ha r ia s , Highp r iest-

. After des ign
by T O PAINE . . .

The high-p r ie st re
p r e se nte d t he p e o p le I sr ae l , and t he b re ast
p l at e al s o r e p r e se nt e d t he p e o p l e as d is t r ibu t e d in t he t w e lv e
t r ib es by it s t w e lv e s t o n es w hich w e r e p r ecio u s s t o n e s
,
Each .

o ne w as s e t in a s t ud w it h a bu t t o n at it s b ack fo r co nv e nien ce
,

in p l acing t he m in t he b r e as t p l at e w he r e tw e lv e bu t t o n ho l e s ,
-
 3 02 D E S CR IP TI ON OF THE E N G R A VI N G S .

T he F r anciscan mo nk s s ay t he p l ace w as at A in K ar im ,
fo u r
mil e s so u t hw es t of J e r u sal e m, in w hich t he y s ho w in t he ir fi ne
co n v ent t he p r e cise spo t w he
B ap t ist w as b o r n u nd er
re J o hn t he ,

t he chap e l w hich is r ic hly and p r o fu s e ly d e co rat e d

,
They al so .

s ho w his b ir t hp l ace in a g r o t t o w hich is p r o bably t he o ne de ,

sc r ib e d by S an dy s I t is a qu ar t e r o f a mil e fro m t he co n v e nt
.
,

and it is no t e x p l aine d ho w it happ ene d t he r e we r e t wo b ir t h

p l aces fo r t he F o r e r u nn e r .

I n t he mo u nt ains a mil e o r mo r e fro m A in K ar im t he mo nk s

, ,

s ho w a ho u s e call e d S aint J o hn in t he M o u nt ains whe r e t hey

”
, ,

s ay t he F o r e r unne r l iv e d b e fo r e go ing t o t he J o r d an .

T en mil es so u t hw e st o f J e r u sal e m o n t he He b ro n r o ad t he , ,

mo nk s hav e ano t he r ho u s e w he re t he p are nt s o f J o hn l iv e d w hich

, ,

t he y call an d t he Ar ab s B ay t S k ar ia
”
Z acchar ias ,
.

S o u t h o f He b r o n t w e nt y fo u r mil e s (as t he b ir d fl ies ) fr o m

-

J e r usal em is a l arge M o ha mme d an v ill age w hich is call e d Y ut t ah ;

, ,

and many b e l ie v e it is o n t he s it e o f t he J u t t ah me nt io ne d in t he

l ist o f J os hua x x i 1 6 The mo d e r n Ar ab s have r eceiv ed and p e r

. .

p e t u at e d t he name s o f p l aces as giv e n t he m by t he ir ances t o r s ,

an d t his is o n e o f s u ch s u r v iv al s T hat J ut t ah and t he J uda .

,

o r cit y o f J u d a re fe r r e d t o in L uk e ar e o ne is accep t e d b
, y many ,

as ce r t ain .

This J ut t ah w as as s igne t o t he p r ie st s ; and t he “ I mp e r ia

d l
B ibl e D ict io nar y (Fairb ”
u air n s gge s t s t hat it w as t he Ta l i T a h n
) , ,
—
and Ta h n nn o f t he Egy p t ian t abl e t s w her e t he A nak im had a
- -

fo r t near A r b a —w hich if t hat w as He b r o n w as o nly fi v e mil es

,

, , ,

a w ay . I n t he S ep t u agint t he p l ace is call e d I t an an d T anu .

T he Tal mud ic w r it e r s l o cat e Y at a o r Y u t a s o u t h o f He b r o n .

The o nly qu e s t io n t he n is D id t he w r it e r in Luk e r e fe r by t he

,
“
t o w hat is call e d in J o s hu a J u t t ah
”
p h r ase a c it y i n J ud a
and in S e co nd K ing s
( xxi 1 9 ) J o t bab w he re t he mo t her o f K ing
.
,

Amo n l iv e d
T he w ell k no w n c u st o m o f t he mo nk s w ho l o cat e t he S cr i t u ral
-
p ,

p l ace s t o s u it t he ir co nv e nie nce v e r y p r o p er ly ad mit s o f t he mo st ,

ca r e ful e x aminat io n if n o t o f s u s icio n in ne ar ly e v er y s o call e d -

p , ,

ho ly p l ace o f t he p r e s ent day .

Ou r e ngrav ing re p r e s e nt s t he v al l e y w e s t o f t he mo d er n v il l age

l o o k ing no rt h t o war d s He bro n (Imp cd v ol i ) . . .
, . .
 DES CR I P TI ON OF THE EN GR A VI N G S . 3 03

A ng el ic App ear a nce t o J o s ep h

. NA Z A RETH .

T his v ie w is fr o m t he d
n o r t hw e s t , w it h t he hight s t his si e

and b ey o n d t he Pl ain o f Es d r ael o n and M o u nt T ab o r b ey o nd , .

A gl imp s e o f a p ar t o f t he p l ain is giv e n in t he d ark s t r ip e

t o w ar d s t he r ight in t he d ist an ce The p l ace is no t me nt io n e d in .

t he Ol d T e st ame nt o r in J o s e p hu s o r in any o t he r ancie nt

, ,

w r it ing o u t sid e o f t he N ew Test ame nt ; and so me t r ad it io ns r e fer

t o t he s it e o f an cie nt S e p p ho r is as t he p l ace w he r e t he w r it e r
int e nd e d t o l o cat e t he p ar e nt s o f J e s u s du r ing his child ho o d .

N az ar et h is fi ft y fi v e mil e s air l ine near ly no r t h fr o m J e ru sw

-
, ,

l e m and is a l it t l e c it y o f ab o u t fi v e t ho u s and p eo p l e o f many

, ,

r ace s and as many r e l igio u s b e l ie fs T he M oha mme d ans hav e .

t w o mo s qu e s t he G r e e k C hr ist ian s a chu r ch t he Lat ins (F r ancis

, ,

can s) a l a r ge co n v e nt (s aid t o b e o n t he s it e o f t he ho u se o f

J o se p h an d M ar y ) t he M ar o n it es a chap e l and t he Pr o t e st ant

, ,

M issio n a s mall ho u s e This p l ace fi r st b ecame no t e d du r ing t he

.

C r u s ad es w he n a b is ho p r e s id e d t he r e
,
The ho u ses ar e n e ar ly .

al l o f s t o ne no n e ar e v er y ancie nt and b u t fe w ar e w e ll bu il t o r
, ,

s p acio u s .

T he chu r ch has many t r adit io nar y t r e as u r es in t he k eep in g o f

t he mo n k s w ho s ho w t he m t o v isit o r s
, s u ch as t he w or k s ho
p of ,

J ose p h t he car p en t e r t he k it chen o f M ar y t he dining t a bl e o f t he

, ,
-

Lo r d an d his ap o s t l e s t he sy n agogu e in w hich J e s u s r ead t he

,

b o o k Is aiah a v e r y mo d er at e p r ecip ice do w n w hich t he N az ar ene s

,

r o o se d t o t hr o w t he ir fe ll o w cit iz e n he adl o n uk i and

p p g ( L e v -
.

t he S p o t w her e t he a ngel ap p ea r ed t o M a r y in t he Chap e l o f t he

Annunciat io n A n o t her p r ecip ice is s ho w n n e ar e r t he Pl ain o f
.

Es d rae l o n a mil e o r t w o fr o m t he v ill age

, The mo nk s ha v e no t .

in v ent e d an d t he p e o p l e hav e no t p r eser v e d any t r ad it io ns o f

, ,

t he child ho o d o f J e s u s b esid e s t hat r e co r d e d in t he G o sp e l s

,
.

T he ap o cr y p hal G o s p e l s ar e r e p l et e w it h ane cd o t es and acco u nt s

o f t he child l ife o f J e s u s bu t v e r y l it t l e r es ect is
p aid t he m
-
p , .

The F ir s t an d S eco n d G o s p e l s o f t he I N A N C Y an d t he G o sp e l F ,

acco r d ing t o N I C O D E M US ar e fi n e s e cimen s o f inv e nt io n and

p , ,

e v id e nce o f a de s ir e t o b r id ge o v e r a gap in t he nar r at iv e in t he

can o nical w r it in gs T his de s ir e at N az are t h has inv est e d a fo u n

.

t ain near t he v ill age w it h asso ciat io ns co nce r n in g J e s u s and his

mo t her ; and a chap e l has b e e n bu il t o v er it call e d t he C hu r ch o f ,

t he An nu nciat io n T he chap e l o f t he A nn u nciat io n w as u nd e r

.
3 04 D ES CR I P TI ON O F TIIE EN G R A VI N G S .

r
g o u nd in t he si x t eent h c e nt u ry , as d e scr ibe d by B el on (Obs .

Par is, 1 5 88 , p .

S andy s ( 1 63 2 ) me nt io ns “ t he re mains of a go o dly Te mp l e

(o nce t he chair e o f an A r chb isho p ) e r ect e d o v er t he ho u se o f t he
bl ess e d V irgin whereo f t he re i s y e t o ne ro o me t o be se ene ,

p ar t ly he w ne o u t o f t he l iv ing r o ck e ; amo ngst t ho se Chr is t ians

o f gr eat v e ne r at io n B u t t he R o manist s r e l at e t hat t he r o o me
.
,

w her e in she w as b o rne w as b o r ne by t he Angel s (at s u ch t ime as

,

t he Co u nt r y w as u niv e rs ally p o s s e sse d by t he infi de l s) o v e r se as

and sho r e s t o a C it y o f I ll y r ia B ut w he n t ho s e p eo p l e gr e w .

n iggar dly in t he ir o ffe rings it w as r ap t fro m t he nce and se t in

, ,

t he w o o d s o f Pice num ; w it hin t he p o sse s sio ns o f a Lady name d

Lau r e t t a ; fr e qu e nt e d by infi nit e nu mb e r o f Pil grims : W he n
many mis car ry ing by t he ambu shment o f t he e v es w ho l u rk e d in ,

t he w o o d s adio y ning t he bl e s se d V ir gin co mmand e d t he Ange l s

,

t o r e mo v e it u nt o a ce r t ain mo u nt aine b e l o nging u nt o t w o b r e t h

r e n w her e s he got mu ch r iche s and s u mp t u o u s a
, pp ar e l ] by t he ,

b ene v o l e nce o f her V ot ar ies and her charit abl e miracl es By , .

w hich means t he t wo b re t hren gre w al so rich ; and w it hal dis

se nt io ns ab o u t t he d iv is io n o f t he ir p u r chas es W he r e u p o n .

it w as o n ce mo re t rans p o r t e d by t ho se winge d p o r t e r s and s et ,

in t he p l ace w he r e as no w it s t and et h : near t o t he A d r iat ic

S e a and no t far fro m A nco na y e t ret aining t he name Lau re t t a
, ,

T his is on ly o ne a mo ng many o t he r s in w hich it is sai d t her e

is mo r e t han d l ocal it y b el o nging t o so me p e r so n o r
o ne s acr e

e v e nt me nt io ne d in t he S cr ip t u r e s .

Ho w e v e r ab s ur d t he l ege nd s o r t r ad it io ns t he st ud ent is co m ,

e l l e d t o s t udy t he m fo r cl e ws t o t he t r u t h hidd e n s o me w her e in

p
t he ir meshes .

T he Vie w fr o m t he W e ly of N eby I s mail ( M o hamme d an

a

saint ) , on t he hight no r t h w e st of t he v ill age , on w hich t he

rea d er is s u p p o se d t o s t and as he face s t he p ict u r e is v e ry e x ,

t e nsiv e and fi n e includ in g M o u nt Tab o r t o t he l e ft Es d r ae l o n

, , ,

Lit t l e He r mo n ( J e he l D uby ) mo u nt ains o f S amar ia M o u nt Car

, ,

mel and t he s ea t he co ast near Akk a ( Acr e ) o ut o f t he p ict u re

t o t he r ight —R l B u t t au f t he an cie nt p l ain o f Z e b ul o n S e fu r ie h

, , ,

, , , ,

t he ancie nt S e p p ho r is o r Dio caesar ea J e b e l K auk ab M o u n t Hat , ,

t in t he hight s o f S afe d and ab o v e an d b ey o n d t o t he no r t h

, ,

M o u nt He r mo n J e b el e sh S hayk w it h his s no wy cro w n l ift e d

, ,
3 06 DES CR I P TI ON OF THE E N C R A VI N G S .

mu v
s t ha e had t hr ee
“ ”
ud
n ey , and st ar s fo r g i ance, if t he co n

j u n ct io n y is ass u me d
t he o r .

T he D e ce mb e r “ ”
s t ar co uld n o t hav e b ee n a p er fe ct gu id e ; fo r

t he r o ad fro m J e r u sal e m t o B e t hl e he m s o u t h w ind s s o as t o b ring

t he p l ane t s s o u t h o f o r b e hin d t he t r av e l er s j u s t b e fo r e t he y
w o uld hav e ar riv ed at t he v ill age A s t ar o r t wo p l ane t s in .

co nju nct io n near t he z e nit h w o uld be far t o o high in t he s k y t o

s t and o v e r any o ne ho u se in a v ill age K ep l e r and I d e l er t her e

.
,

fo r e hav e o n ly s u gge st e d an imp o s s ibl e p hant asm

,
.

T he fi n al s u p p o s it io n is t hat t he st ar w as v is ibl e t o t he magi

al o n e . T he so ng o f t he ange l s w as add resse d t o and he ar d by
many t he mul t it ud e o f t ho se in B et hl e he m and t he r e is no ap
,
”
p a r e nt r easo n w h
y t h e
“
s t ar s ho u ld hav e b e e n co nce al e d fr o m

t he m and scefr o nly by s t ranger s fr o m afar ( I mp ed v ol i

) . . .
, . .

B ir t h of J esu s . BETHLEHEM .

V iew o f t he so -ca ll e d Co n v e nt of t he Nat iv it y , w hich is s ai d to

hav e b e en bu il t o v er t he G r o tt o o f t he N at iv it y N o w her e in .

t he G o s p e l s is t her e a r e fer e nce t o a gr o tt o o r cav e as t he p l ace

in w hich J es u s w as b o r n M at t he w (ii 1 1 ) say s ho u se ; M ark
.
“ ”
.

do e s no t r e fe r t o t he p l ace o f b ir t h ; L uk e ( i 7 ) s ay s
i “
in a .

mange r b e cau se t he r e w as n o r oo m fo r t he m in t he inn

,
and

J o hn b e gins his n arr at iv e at t he b ap t is m by t he F o r e r u nner So .

t he as s u mp t io n t hat t he b ir t h w as in a cav e o r gr o t t o is a v e nt u r e
t o p o p ul ar iz e t he l e ge nd an d l o cat e t he e v e nt in t he p r e s e n t p l ace .

The v ie w is fr o m t he n o r t heas t o f t he gr e at co n v e nt fo r t and -

,

s ho w s a p ar t o nly o f t he v ill age b ehin d it t o t he w e s t o n t he ,

cr e s t o f a hil l o n w hich t he co nv e nt s t and s at it s e ast e r n

,

t e r minu s .

I t sho u l d b e said t hat t he cav e t r ad it io n is t race d b ack t o t he

s ec o n d ce nt u r y acco r d ing t o J u s t in M ar t y r
,
w ho me nt io ns t he ,

gr o t t o as t he b ir t hp l ace o f t he S av io u r (J u s t in M ar t y r D ial cu m ,
.

T ry p h 7 8 p 1 7 5 ) Or ige n an d Eu se b iu s al so s p e ak o f t he cav e ;
.
, .

and t he Emp r ess He l e na mo t he r o f Co ns t an t ine is cre d it e d w it h

, ,

t he fi r st bu ild ing o v e r it Al l t his o nly e x hib it s t he t e nde ncy o f

.

t he Or ie n t al min d t o l o cat e a ny and e v e r y e v e nt a nd in t he ca se ,

o f t he mo nk s t o
p l ac e t he m w h e r e t he y w ill g iv e l eas t in co nv e n

ience t o p il g r ims and t rav e l e r s in v is it ing t hem T he fact t hat .

t he no t e d s c ho l ar J e ro me l iv e d and did his w o r k o f t r ansl at ing

 DE S CRI P TI ON OF T HE EN C R A VI N OS 3 07
‘

t he G reek int o t he Lat in S cr ip t u r es (V u l gat e ) at t his B e t hl e he m

does no t e s t a bl ish t he s it e as t he o ne r e fe r r e d to in t he G o s p e l s
an dt he Ol dT est ame nt ; fo r his l ife w as b e t e e n 3 40 an d 4 2 0 A D , w . .

w
l o ng aft er t he n e ly fo r me d t rad it io ns had b e co me fix e d and
ne ar ly u n change abl e , al t ho u gh w e k no w n o w t hat o t he r s as , fo r

ins t ance, t ho s e l
r e at in g t o Ca lv ar y an d t he Ho ly S e p ul chr e
hav e b een d isp u t e d and l o cat e d in many p l ace s .

T he Cr u sad e r s nat u rally ad o p t e d t he t r ad it io ns r el at ing t o t he

nat iv it y as l o cat e d at B e t hl e he m w he n t he y t o o k t he p l ac e ,

A D 1 1 1 0 andw he n K ing B ald w in I e s t abl is he d an e p is co p al see

. .
,
.

t her e w hich w as co nfi r m
,
e d by Po p e Pas cal IL ; y e t t he se t hings

ar e n o t p r o o f o f it s ge nu inen e ss as t he s it e in t he mind o f t he

w r it e r s in t he G o s p e l s and in t he Ol d T est ament G ift s o f p io u s .

p gil r ims and p r in ce s hav e en l ar ge d a nd e n r iche d t he gr o t t o u n t il ,

it is no w l ar ge an d go r ge o u sly d eco r at e d and s u mp t u o u sly fur

nishe dw it h a s u p e r abu nd ance o f l am p s and f ur n it u r e o f al l so r t s ,

fi t and u n fi t fo r s u ch a s hr in e N ear t he co nv e nt t o t he so u t h
.

“ a v ” is s ho w n call e d t he M ilk G r o
east ano t her c e , t t o w hich has ,

b e e n cut in t he so ft w hit e l ime s t o ne ; t he du st and p ie ces o f

s t o ne ar e s o ld t o p il gr im s an d t r av e l e r s w it h t he r e co mme n d at io n
,

t hat it is go o d t o incr ease t he q u an t it y o f a mo t her s milk b e

’
,

cau s e t r ad it io n say s t he V ir gin an d Child hid in it w he n He r o d s

’

men hu nt e d fo r t he m A no t he r t r ad it io n l o cat e s t he w e ll me n
.

t io ne d in t he s t o r y o f D av id and S aul w hich w as c all e d a cist e r n ,

in t he o rigin al S ep t u agint (l a k leos andV ul gat e cis t er n a ) but no w

,

a w e ll is n ame d D av id s W e ll andis v isit e d acco rd ingly

” ’
, .

I n l o cat in g B e t hl e he m r egar d sho u l d b e p aid t o t he st o ry o f

J aco b in w hich t he w r it e r t r aces a p ar t o f his jo ur ney fr o m
,

Lab an s camp in Har an (near D amas c u s t o M ahanaim Pe nie l

’
, ,

S u cco t h and S hal e m n ear S he chem w her e he b o u ght a fi e ld fo r

, , ,

o ne hu n d r e d p ie ces o f mo ne y an d bu il t an al t ar t o t he G o d o f
,

I s rae l — t he ne w name w hich had b e e n giv e n him at Pe n ie l

, .

A ft e r he had bu r ie d al l t he st r ange go d s ( s t o l e n fro m he r fat he r

by R ache l ) u nd e r t he o ak ne ar S heche m he j o u r ney e d t o Luz , ,

t hat is B e t he l ,
w he re D eb o r ah (G e n 3 5 : 8 ) d ie d an d w as
,
-
.

bu r ie d; and he bu il t ano t he r al t ar w he r e he had b e e n v isit e d by

t he Lo r d in a d r e am w he n he w as o n his w ay t o Har an T he .

t w o no t ice s o f B e t he l r e a d l ik e t w o d ist inct acco u nt s (o r t r ad i

t io ns) o f o ne e v e n t by d iffe r e nt w r it e r s fo r t he w o r d s at t r ibu t e d ,

t o G o d hav e t he same imp o r t in e ach ; but e v e n if t here w e r e

3 08 DES CR IP TI ON OF THE EN G R A VI N GS .

t wo v er sio ns t hey agree as t o t he name o f the p l ace and t hat is

, ,

r e s e r v e d in t he p re s e nt A r ab na me K hir b e t e l Lo z (r u in o f Lu z )
p ,

w hich was B e t he l and so name d in t he s t o ry o f Ab ram s j o u r ne y

,
’

t o Egy p t ( G e n x ii . T he n ame may be t he Phoenic ian B et h u l

.
-

i G r ee k B ait ul o s in He b r e w B ay t h al e )
(
-
n ,
.

A J e w ish t rad it io n in t he Tal mud s ay s t hat t he o r igin al s t o ne

i ll t u a t B e t he l by J aco b w as r e mo v e d t o t he Te mp l e a t
p ar s e p
J e r u s al e m w he r e it w as u se d as a p e d es t al fo r t he ark
,
a nd it is

al so said t hat aft e r t he d es t r u ct io n o f J e r u sal e m and t he T e mp l e

it w as sav e d by t he J e w s w ho in t he ir d ist r e s s mad e t he ir l ame n

,

t at io ns t o it .T he r abb is r e fi ne t he ir t r ad it io ns s o me t ime s ; b ut
t he r e fi ner s o f fi ne go ld ar e t ho s e w ho ha v e ad o p t e d t his t r ad it io n
as hist o r y in t he ir fr e qu e nt d is co v e r ies o f t he l o s t Te n T r ib e s ,

and co n t in u e d it by s ay ing t he t r ib e o f J ud ah migr at e d t o I r e

l and e scap ing cap t iv it y in B abyl o n and car rie d t he s t o ne w it h

, ,

t he m . A l l t he s u cce s s ful I r is h k in gs w e r e cr o w ne d s e at e d o n
J aco b s Pill o w An I r is h p r ince t o o k t he s t o ne t o S co t l and
“ ’ ”
.
,

and al l t he s u c ce ss f ul S co t t is h k in gs w e r e c r o w n e d o n it Both .

I re l an d and S co t l an d l o st t he ir ind e p e nd e nce w hen t he s t o n e w as

car r ie d aw ay an d n o w it is in W e st mins t e r A bb e y w he r e Engl is h ,

so v e r e ign s ar e c r o w ne d o n t he sacr e d s t o n e If it s ho uld disap .

p e ar Engl and s gl o ry w ill d e p ar t an d b eco me a mer e me mo r y

’
, .

J o s e p hu s me nt io n s B e t he l an d Ep hr aim as t wo s mall cit ies ,

ap p ar e nt ly n ear e ach o t he r (W ar s iv 9 I t is p o ss ibl e t hat

,
.
,

t he s it e no w call e d B e it in by t he A r ab s is n o t B e t he l b ut B e t he r , ,

w he re a b at tl e w as fo u ght b et w e en t he R o man Emp er o r Had r ian

and t he J e w is h l e ad er B ark o k ab (B ar k o k b a) a nd t hat Lo z is - -
,

B et he l In e it he r cas e t he t w o s it es are ne ar e ach o t he r

.
, .

Ep hr aim w as near e it her and w as a cit y in t he w ild er nes s n o rt h

,

e as t fr o m J e r u sal e m ; an d in t hat r e gio n a fe w mil e s e ast o f ,

B et he l w e fi nd a sit e o n a fairly r o u nd e d hill no w call e d by t he

, ,

A r ab s Et T aiy ibe h ( t he go o d ) w hich it is ag ree d by many ,

w rit er s includ ing D r R o b inso n (ii

,
. is t he t r u e s it e . T he .

l ac e is s i h t ly h av ing e x t e ns iv e and fi ne v ie w s in e v e r y d ir ec
p g ,

t io n and it is s ur r o u nd e d by a co u nt r y r ich in s o il and d o t t e d

, ,

w it h gar d ens o f o l iv e s fi gs p o me gr an at e s and o t he r fru it s A n

, , ,
.

o l d t o w e r in r u ins o n t he c re st may d at e fr o m t he C r u s ad e s ,

ar o u n d w hich ar e scat t e r e d he ap s o f r u in s T he mo de r n v ill age .

is n ear ly hal f a mil e aw ay F r o m t he t o p o f t he ru ins o f t he

.

to w er o ne may se e t he D ead S ea t o t he sout heast and many s it es ,

 3 10 DES CR I P TI ON OF THE EN CR A VI N C S .

Ep hr at h, Ep hr at hah, and B e t hl e he m are o ne an d t he me p l ace, sa

an d t hat it s s it e w as n o r t h, and no t s o u t h, o f J e r u s al e m The .

d e sce nd ant s o f Ep hr aim so n o f J osep h w er e l o cat e d no r t h o f

, ,

J er u s al e m and w e r e n e v er ass igne d t o any p l ace s o u t h o f t he

,

Ho ly C it y ; and t he ir s anct u ar y w as B e t he l o r Shil oh .

J o s ep hu s ( A nt x iii 4 9 ) say s t hat D e me t r iu s N ik at o r t o

. .
, ,

s ho w fav o r t o t he J e w s r e m it t e d t hr e e p r e fe ct u r es
,
A p he r ima , ,

Lydd a and R amat ha w hic h had b ee n add e d t o J ud aea ; and w e

, ,

s ee in t his t he o r igin o f t hat fo r m o f t he n ame B e t hl e he m o f

J udaea (This al so in d icat e s an e d it ing o f t he Ol d T es t ame nt t e x t

.

aft e r t he act o f D e me t r iu s ) This A p he r ima is A p hr ah O p hr ah

.
, ,

or B et hl e he m M icah ( v 2 ) s ay s : B ut t ho u B e t hl e he m
.
“ .
,

Ep hrat ah t ho u gh t ho u b e l it t l e amo ng t he t ho u sand s o f J ud ah

, ,

y et o ut o f t he e s hall he co me fo r t h u nt o me t hat is t o b e r ul e r in
I s rael T his v e rs e and ano t he r ( iii 1 2 ) s u gges t a l at e r e d it o r
”
. .
,

e r ha s ab o u t t he t ime o r so o n a ft e r Had r ian l o u ghe d Z i n

p p p o .

B et hl ehe m is said t o hav e b e en near N e t o p hah il l t he acco u nt

o f t he p eo p l e s in N ehe miah ( v ii 2 6 ) an d W ad i e n N e t if s o u t h
.
,

o f M ichmas h M uk l nas ) rese r v e s t hat n ame

( p , .

The gr av e o f R ache l is me nt io ne d in S amu e l ( x w he r e .

S aul is d ir e ct e d in his se ar ch aft er his fat her s l o s t asse s an d it

’

is o u t o f al l r easo n o r p ro b ab il it y t o s u p p o s e t hat t he p r o p he t
r e fe r r e d t o t he s o call e d R ac he l s T o mb o f t he mo d e r n mo nk s
’
-
,

s o u t h o f J er u s al e m t e n o r mo r e mil e s o u t o f t he r e gio n in w hic h

,

S aul was hu nt ing T he o nly p o int w an t in g he r e is t he s it e o f

.

Z el z ah That w o r d in Heb r e w means t he s had o w o f a r o ck

.
“

and t he e x l o re r s hav e n o t y e t e x hau s t e d t hat d ist rict in s e ar ch

p
o f s it es .

It see ms bl e t o s u p p o se t hat t he w r it er o f t he s t o ry o f
r e aso na

R ache l s d eat h and bu r ial int én de d t ho s e e v e nt s t o o ccu r in t he

’

t e rr it o r y o f her s o n B e nj amin T he t o mb so u t h o f J e r u sal e m is

.

fo u r mil e s o u t s id e o f t he so u t h l imit o f t hat t e r rit o r y T he t e x t .

say s it w as b u t a l it t l e w ay fr o m B e t he l t o Ep hr at h w hic h ,

is B et hl e he m w he r e R ache l d ie d
, I n t hat v icin it y t he r e fo r e .

mu st t he e x p l o rer s l o o k fo r Z e l z ah and R ache l s t o mb ’

.

A ft er t he S ar ac e ns o ccu p ie d Pal e st ine and d r o v e o ut t he Chr is

t ians fr o m t he “ ho ly p l aces in J e r u s al e m and el s e w he r e t he ,

C hr ist ians e st abl ishe d o t her s o call e d “ s acr e d

p l aces
”
w h ic
-h in .

many cases ar e t ho s e n o w sho w n and t hey hav e r eally no co n ,

nect io n w it h t he r e al S l t e s r e fe rr e d t o in S cr ip t u r e The s e ne w ly .
 DES C R I P TI ON OF THE EN G R A VI N OS .
3 11

arr ange d l o cal it ie s w ere a d o p t e d fo r co n v e nience , as w e ll as fro m

n e ce s s it y I n t he cas e o f M o u nt S in ai, w hich w as at fi rst J eb e l
M adu rah u t h o f and no t far fro m He b r o n t he
so new l o cal it y

w as r e mo v e d a l o ng d is t ance —
, ,

far aw ay in t he he ar t o f t he
,

mo unt ains o f t he A r ab ian p e nins ul a ; but t o w hich mo u nt ain no

o ne can say fo r cer t ain b e ca u se o f t he d iffi cul t ie s t hat ar ise in

e ach l o cat io n o u t o f t hr ee —J e b e l S e r b al J e b e l S u fs o fe h Mu sa
,

, ( ) , ,

and t he s it e p r o p os e d by Dr B e k e e as t o f A k abah . .

J e b e l M adu r ah o f t he A r ab s may b e t he M o z e r ah o f t he J e w s
an d as Ho r in C hald e e is t he mo o n and S in is t he mo o n a nd Ho r , , ,

Ho r e b and S inai r e fer t o t he same mo u nt ain and t he t e x t s ay s

, ,

A ar o n d ie d in M o u n t Ho r ( N u m x xx iii 3 9 ) and al s o in M o s e r a
. .

D S inai is M o se r a and t he s it e is n o w M ad ur ah an d
( e nt x . .
, ,

n o t e it her o f t he l o cal it ie s o ffe r e d by t he mo nk s in t he Sinait ic

p e ninsu l a .

These r e fl e ct io ns w it h o t her s no t me nt io ne d he r e hav e l e d me

, ,
“
t o t he co nclu s io n t hat t he geo gr ap hy o f t he ho ly p l aces is in
g r eat nee d o f r ear r ange me nt o n t he ancient mo d e l m
( p ed
I . . .
,

v ol . i ; 8vo
. cd, . 1 8 9 0, v ol . i)
.

S up p osed P or tr aits f
o J e su s t he Chr ist .

An b dly genu ine p o r t r ait o f t he S av io ur which had

undou t e

b e e n p r e se r ve d t o o u r day w o ul d b e est ee me d by al l Chris t ians

,

as t he mo st p r ecio u s w o r k o f ar t in e x is t e n ce T his r e fl e ct io n .

s u ggest s t he qu e r y I s t he r e any p o r t r ait o f t he Lo r d J e s u s

,

t hat is w o rt hy o f r es p e ct fo r it s ant iq uit y ? and s t ill ano t he r ,

I s t her e any k no w n p ict u re t hat mer it s o ur at t e n t io n as any

ap p r o ach t o a l ik e ness ?

I t is no t an e as y t ask t o an s w er t hese qu er ies so as t o s at is fy

'

al l cl as ses o f b e l ie v e r s ; mo r e e sp e cially t ho s e w ho fee l a nd b e

l ie v e t hat by mir acul o u s p o w e r a l ik e ne ss has b e e n han d e d

d o w n fro m age t o age fo r div ine p u r p o ses as t he cu st o m o f l ay ,

ing o n o f han d s il l t he minist ry has b e e n co nt inu e d t hat Chr ist ,

t he T e acher might b e r e p r e s ent e d amo ng m en .

T he G o s p e l s do no t all u d e t o any l ik e ne ss no r do t hey co nt ain ,

t he s l ight est hint o f t he p er s o nal ap p earan ce o f J e s u s I n t he .

ab sen ce o f any s u ch o r igin al an d a u t he nt ic l ik e ne ss p io u s b e ,

l iev er s in near ly al l ages since t he cr u cifix io n hav e mad e at t e mp t s

mo r e o r l es s ambit io ns t o r e p r o du ce s u ch id e al s as t he y had
3 12 DES C R IP TI ON OF T HE E N G R A VI N G S .

fo r me d of d iv ine o r iginal So me o f t he s e w o r k s o f art hav e

t he .

b e e n p r es er v e d in mo s aics d at e d fro m t he seco nd t o t he se v e nt h

ce nt u r ies ; o r a s p ict u r e s o n l ine n cl o t h il l t rans p ar e nt co l o r and ,

d at e d b efo r e t he t hir d ce nt u ry and al so at t r ibu t e d t o t he hand

,

o f S aint V e r o n ica t he l ady w ho t r ad it io n say s l aid a cl o t h o n t he

, , ,

face o f J e s u s an d s o o b t aine d by a so rt o f miracl e a l ik e ne ss o f

, , ,

he r Lo r d ; an d o t hers p aint e d in w a t e r c o l o r o n w o o d in w hat is -

,

call e d By z an t in e s t yl e an d cr e d it e d t o t he han d o f S ain t Luk e ;

,

a n d al s o image s mad e o f me t al by t he O s t r o G o t hs in I t aly ; a n d -

many scul p t u r es fr e s co s an d o t he r w o r k s o f art o n gl ass s t o ne

, , , ,

and o t her mat e r ial s fo u n d in Chr is t ian ce me t e r ie s and in t he

,

c at aco mb s u nd er t he c it y o f R o me d at e d du r ing t he fi r st fo u r ,

c e n t u r ies .

It is ce rt ain t hat al l o f t he se d at es ar e mu ch t o o high an d t hat ,

v e ry fe w w o r k s o f Chr ist ian art can be assigne d t o any p ar t icul ar

c e nt u r y b e fo r e Po p e Cal l is t u s ( A D w ho w as o f t he D o mi . .

t ian family had b e e n a b an k e r in t he F o r u m an d mad e a cat a

, ,

co mb u n d e r his gar d e n u s ing in so me o f t he l o cu l i b r ick s s t amp e d

,

w it h d at e s in t he reign o f M ar cu s A u r e l iu s t he scho l ar ly e mp e ,

r or o f R o me I t is said t hat t he ce m e t e ry w as fo u nd e d by t he
.

M e t el l i family o f w ho m t he mo l e o f Caecil ia M e t cl l a is t he o nly

,

mo nu me nt re maining .

I n t his cat aco mb o f Cal l is t us many p aint ings w it h allu s io ns t o

C hr is t ian t he me s w er e fo u n d o n e o f w hich is v er y int er est ing
, ,

s ho w in g t he in fl u e n ce o f Pagan id e as in a co mp o s it io n W l t ll ,

C hris t as A p o ll o o r Or p he u s c har ming al l animat e d cr eat io n by

t he mu s ic o f his ly r e a n d ab o u t it o n e ight p ane l s as many s u b
,

f r o m t he Ol d and t he N e w T e st ame n t s e fi s h an d ma ny
j ec t s T h .

o t her sy mb o l s d e t e r mine t he char act e r o f t he p l ace and t he fait h

o f it s o ccu p ant s T he faces o f t he fi gu r e s o f J e s u s in t he cat a

.

co mb ar e v e r y cr ud e b u t f ull o f me aning a nd n e v e r u nce r t ain in

,

t he ir e x p r ess io n They w e r e ne ar ly al l o f o n e t y p e w it h l o n g
.
,

hair p ar t e d in t he middl e w his k er s sho r t and t hin a nd m u s t ache

, , .

B ut if any d o ub t co ul d b e fel t at t hes e fi gu r es b e ing int e n d e d fo r

J es u s an d t he A p o s t l es t hat w o uld b e d is s ip at e d by t he ins cr ip
,

t i o ns w hich ar e u n mist ak abl e p ar t ic u l a rly t he acro s t ic o f t he

, ,

R o man s ibyl giv e n by S ain t A u gu st in e an d Eu s e b iu s ( Civ D e i .

,

xv iii 23 ; Eu seb Orat C o ns t c

. . . w hich co nt ains t he init ial
.
,
.

l et t e r s o f t he t it l e s o f t he Lo r d mak ing t he G r e e k w o r d ,

I X T H U S fo r I e so us X r is t o s T heo u Hio s S o t er
- - - -
, t hat is J e s u s , ,
-
,
3 14 D ES CR I P TI ON OF T HE EN G R A VI N GS .

so d e v o ut t hat R afae lu p erio r Fr ancia

d he
s ai had see n no ne s .

did no t fo ll o w t he ancie nt ty p e
e it he r o f t he cat aco mb s o r o f t he ,

so call e d Luk e s
- o r e v e n o f t he so call e d S aint V e r o nica “ han d
,
-

k er chief p ict u r es ; b ut it is fi ne r a nd highe r as an id eal t han

”

any or al l of t he m.

N o 2 is fro m
. an e me r ald ge m,
fi ft ee nt h ce n e ngr a e v d in "t he
t u r y a ft er R afae l p aint e d his p ict u r e o r rat he r d es igne d hiscar

—
,

t oo n f
o t eh “ M irac ul o u s D raught o f F ishe s fo r il l t he p ro fil e
and s had ing it is an e x act co p y o f t he he ad o f J es u s in t hat co m

o s it ion S o me p io u s mo nk it is p r o b abl e in v e nt e d t he l e ge n d
p .
, ,

t hat it w as mad e fo r t he Emp ero r T ib er iu s The r e is no e v id e nce .

t hat T ib e r ius e v e r hear d o f J es u s t he C hr is t and he w as no t ,

famo u s fo r e mp l oy ing ar t ist s o n d e v o t io nal s ubj ect s at his p al ace

and gro u n d s in t he isl and o f C ap r i t o w hich he had r e t ire d ,

A D 2 6 b e fo r e J e s u s w as qu al ifi e d t o t each u nd e r t he J e w is h l aw
. .
, ,

w hich r e qu ire d t he age o f t hirt y y ears T ib eriu s d ie d A D 3 7 . . .

,

a ft e r a s e r ie s o f y ear s o f a l ife t he v e ry r e v e r se o f t hat o f a

p io u s he r mit .

The gr eat mast er s hav e l e ft head s o f Chr ist mo r e o r l e ss v al u

abl e as wo r k s o f ar t and p r o b abl y in e ach case n e ar t he id e al
,

w hich e ach had fo rme d o f t he d iv ine o riginal The great G er man .

D urer t ho u ght o f him as t he cr ucifie d o ne t he r ej e ct e d k ing ,

o f t he J e w s an d has mad e a gr an d and imp r e s s iv e w o rk co m

, ,

b ining ide al ism and r eal ism w it h t he co n v e nt io nal hair and ,

heard T he t y p e o f face is s t ud ie d fro m t he G e r mans ab o u t t he

.

mast er and is no t Or ie nt al
,
.

T he famo u s F r e n ch mast e r Pau l D el ar o che p aint e d t he , ,

S av io u r in a d r amat ic s t yl e w hich has b ee n s ince ( 1 850) mad e ,

v er y p o p ul ar by D o ré in his illu s t r at io ns t o t he B ibl e w hich ar e ,

r ich in imaginat io n s t r o ng b ut w ant in g in d e l icacy and r e fi ne

, ,

me nt s o e s sent ial in s p irit ual t hings as t hey ar e p r e se nt e d by t he

,

C hu r ch .

T he gr eat It al ian mas t er T it ian id eal iz e d a head o f t he Chr is t

, ,

which arr est s at t e nt io n fo r it s q u ie t d ignit y ; b u t it is co ld ,

d ist ant T he ey es ar e d ir ect e d at a far aw ay o bj e ct and t he face

.
-
,

is o f o ne who is t o be r e s p e ct e d b u t no t l o v e d ,
.

Le o nar d o da V inci p aint e d a s u p p er s cen e in a r e fe ct o r y fo r

t he co nv e nt S ant a M ar ia d el l e G r az ie w hich is s aid t o b e his ,

b est w o r k T he fr es co has near ly p e r is he d b u t t he d e s ign has

.
,

b een p reser v e d il l t he fi ne e ngrav ing by R afae l Mo rghen and ,

 D E S CR I P TI ON OF THE E N GR A VI N OS .
3 15

fr o m t hat he ad d eal iz e d by t he gre at V enet ian

of t he C hr is t , i ,

M r W ill iam E M ar s hall o f N e w Y o r k p aint e d a he ad and e n

. .
, ,

gr av e d t he p l at e as a fr o n t isp iece t o t he fi rs t v o lu me o f t his w o r k .

I n t he e st imat io n o f many M r M ar s hall has r es t o r e d mo s t o f t he .

mast er s fi ne p o int s in fo r m an d e x p r es s io n and b e s id e t he co n

’

v e nt io nal t y p e so n ece s s ary in t his c har act e r b e cau se il l a se ns e

fix e d by t r ad it io n and cent u r ies o f art w o r k he has add e d t r ait s ,

o f int e ll e c t u al v igo r and t e nd e r w o manly s y mp at hy n e v e r b e fo r e

, ,

e qu all e d in an id e al o f J es u s t he Chr is t T he d iffi cul t ie s in t he .

w ay o f s u cce s s il l s u ch a w o r k are al mo st in s u r mo u n t abl e and ,

t he w o r k c an n e v e r r ise ab o v e t he id e al fo r me d in t he min d o f
t he art is t T hat id eal is fo r me d aft er many y ear s o f s t udy o f t he
.

o ss ib il it ies o f ar t t he re q u ir e me nt s o f t he r e l ig io u s w o r ld t he
p , ,

c r it icis ms o f ar t ist s a nd co nno is s e u r s who hav e st ud ie d t he w o r k s

o f t he
gr eat mas t e r s and fi nally t he co n scio u sne ss t hat t he d iv ine
,

o r iginal is r e ally t he id ea l man t he s u m o f al l t hat is n o bl e and ,

e x ce ll e nt in b o t h t he p hy s ical and mo r al wo r ld (I mp e d v o l i . . .
, . .

8v o cd, v o l
. . i)
.

Angelic App ear ance t he S hep her ds THE S HEPHER D

’
to . S

FIELD .

A bo u t a mil e v e nt F o rt at t he mo d er n B et hl e
e ast o f t he C o n
he m o n a t er race d s l o p e t he mo nk s l o cat e t he t r ad it io nal ap p e ar
, ,

ance o f t he ange l s t o t he s he p he r d s A s mall v ill age st and s n e ar .

t he s it e o f an an cie nt t o w e r and n o t far a w ay a r u ine d G r e e k ,

c hap e l is s had e d by o l d o l iv e and fi g t r e e s T his p l ace is n o t .

no w a p ast u r e an d it is n o t l ik e ly t hat it e v e r w as
,
F o r mo r e o n .

t his s ubj ect see B et hl e he m , ( p

I m c d v ol i ) . . .
, . .

Temp l e P or ch .

R ev T O Paine, in his wo k r
“So l o mo n s ’
Te mp l e, ”
has de
. . .

v is e d a p l an o f ly ho u se w hich ans w e r s ne ar ly e v ery

t hat “ ho ,
”

r e qu ir e me nt o f t he S cr i t u r e t e x t as w e ll as t hat o f J o s e p hu s
p ,
.

A s n o s p e cial fe at u r e s o f o r name nt at io n o r de co r at io n ar e de
t ail e d in t he B ibl e o r in J o se p hu s no ne hav e b e e n att e mp t e d ,

by M r Paine (Imp e d v o l i )
. . . .
, . .

The Temp l e I nt er ior (T . O . PA INE) .

M r Paine .
’
s id ea of t heud it o riu m o f t he T e mp l e is t hat it in
a

cr e ase d in s iz e by s u cce ss iv e st age s o u t w ar d at t he s id es e ach ,

3 16 DES C R IP TI ON O P THE EN G RA VI N G S .

y fo r ming a gall ery I f it w as bu il t o n t hat mo d el it w as a

st o r .
,

u niqu e and p e cul iar st r u ct u r e an dt he l o ss o f it is t o b e d e p l o re d

,
.

T he r e are many o t he r id e as as t o it s fo r m but M r Paine s se e ms

’
.

t o hav e e cl ip se d al l o t he r s I
( pm c d v o l i ) . . .
, . .

F r ank incense an d Mg r r h .

w ise men o f Chald aea ( t he East ) b ro ught gift s

The t o t he
manger w hich w e e as an o l d p o e t has s u ng
,
r , ,

Go ld gi ft t k i ng ;
as a. o a

F nk i n n ra d t i n t t h S n f G d;
ce se as a o ra o o e o o o

My h t h i gn f t h P i n nd t h mb l ming
rr as e s o e ass o a e e a .

F R A N K I N C EN S E B o s w ell ia se at a rr .

M Y R R H —B al sa mo d end ro n my r rha al so A my ris K at ef ; fo r

.

. ,

e ach o f t hes e is s ugges t e d as t he s mall t r e e re fe r r e d t o The .

A K at e f gr o w s in S y r ia and A r ab ia and s u p p l ies a gum fr o m it s

. ,

t wigs and st e ms w hich is t he my rrh o f co m me r ce

,
It w as v alu e d .

by t he ancie nt s as a p er fu me but is no w us e d in me d icine o nly , .

T he my rr ha is a s imil ar t re e and it s p r o d uct is al s o t he gu m o f ,

co mmerce . I
( pm . c d, . v ol . i)
.

The F l ig ht int o Egyp t . V IEW IN W ADI ITHM .

T his p as s is o n t he r o u t e fro m t he ancie nt s t o ne cit y o f Pe t ra

t o Ak abah o n t he R e d S e a T he mo u nt ains o f Ed o m, cl e ft her e,
.

ar e mainly o f dar k r e d sand s t o ne, w hich is p ro b ably t he o r igin o f

t he name Ed o m, w hich me ans r e d in A r ab ic, andal s o in He b r e w
”

( A du m ,
o r ad am ) I t is a s ho r t cut o n o n e o f t he r o u t e s
. T he .

l o w e r r o ck s ar e l imest o ne, u nd e r t he hill s and in s o me o f t he

l e v el gro u nd ; b ut t he l arge p l ain s are co v e r e d w it h r ed sand ,

p o w d e r e d san d s t o ne call e d R a ml e h I nnu me r abl e v ar ie t ie s o f

,
.

fl o we r s car p et t he so il e v e ry w her e in w int e r t he r ainy seaso n ; ,

bu t in t he s u mmer t he dry s e as o n du s t r e igns s up re me

,
I
( pm , . .

e d, . v ol . i)
.

J o hn t he B ap t ist in t he Wil der ness . V IEW EAS T FROM OLIVET .

S t and ing on t he s u mmit of O l iv e t , a fe w st ep s so u t h o f t he s o

ca ll e d Chap e l o f t he As ce nsio n t he ey e gl ance s fi rs t , at t he d is t ant

r an e o f mo u nt ains w hich r ise l ik e a w all agains t t he sk y fo r m

g
ing t he high p l at e au o f M o ab —a r e gio n w it h many r u in s o f
, ,

e a t c it ies a n d in al l r e s p ect s o f s o il and cl imat e o ne o f t he

g r ,
3 18 DES CR I P TI ON OP THE E N C R A VI N G S .

B et hshan o r S cy t ho p o l is has hada no t e d his t o ry ; andit s ruins

, , ,

o n se v e r al hill s se p ar at e d by d ee p s t ee p s id e d r av ines w it h a
,
-
,

b ro o k in e v e ry o ne ind icat e a p l ace o f great nat u r al s t re ngt h as

,

a mil it ar y p o s t b e fo r e t he age o f canno n R u ins o f many s mall .

t e mp l e s d e d icat e d t o v ar io u s go d s s ho w a o nce high s t at e o f

r e l igio u s act iv it y .

T he t he at r e w as o n e hu n d r e d and n inet y t hr ee fee t in d iamet er -

,

cir cul ar and bu il t o f go o d st o ne

, ( I mp cd v ol i ) . . .
, . .

The Temp t a t ion . MO UNT Q UARA NTANA .

N ear and w est of B e d a w in v ill age call e d Er R iha

t he mo d er n
( w hi c h i s A ra b f o r J e r icho
) r ise s a s t ee p r o cky b ar e mo u nt ain
, , ,

a b o u t fi v e hu nd r e d fe e t ab o v e t he El is ha F o u nt ain nea r it s fo o t , .

It s face is b o r e d w it h a t ho us an d an d o ne ce ll s each o f w hich

”
,

has had in t he go o d o l d asce t ic d ay s o ne o r mo re mo n k s o r an

cho r it e s as d w e ll e r s I am afr aid t o r e p e at t he nu mb er e s t imat e d
.

as t he p o p ul at io n o f t his imme n s e r o o k e r y o r mo n k e ry in t he , ,

age w he n s u ch a l i fe w as fas hl o nabl e T he r u ins o f a fe w s u gar .

mill s w it h t he aqu e du ct s t hat s u pp l ie d w at er p o we r ar e s t ill

,
-
,

s t and ing ne ar T he Te mp t at io n has b ee n l o cat e d o n M o u nt S inai

.
,

a nd al s o at J er u sal e m and o n t he v e r y p innacl e o f t he Te m l e

p .

S ee n o t es o n J er l cho .
( I mp . c d, v o l
. . i
.
)

B ap tism f
o J esu s by J o hn . FORD ON J ORDAN NEAR J ERICHO .

T his fo r d ing-p l ac e is t he mo s t fr e qu e nt e d o f an
y so ut h o f t he
cr o s s n on t he Es S a t N a l
blu s (S heche m) r o u t e and it is t he ,

p l ace w he r e t he L at in m o n k s l o cat e t h e b ap t is m o f J e s u s ,

t he G r e e k s hav ing ad o p t e d a no t he r p l ace fo u r o r fi v e mil e s

far t he r u p s t r e am T he r ive r be d is ab o u t o ne hu nd r e d and
.
-

fi ft y fe et w id e and fo r d abl e o n a co ar s e grav e l b ar e x ce p t il l t he

,

r ainy se aso n A ft e r t he s p r ing r ains and me l t e d s no w s hav e

.

s w e ll e d t he s t r eam t he w at er s o v e r fl o w t he l o w e r b ank s w hic h

, ,

a re he r e o nly ab o u t t e n fe e t high and S p r ead acr o s s t he s e co n d ,

t e rr ace t o t he chalk hill s mak ing a fl o o d f ro m fi v e hu n d r e d t o

,

fi ft ee n hu nd r e d fee t acro ss as t he chalky hill s o r cl iffs co me ne ar

,

o r r e ce d e fr o m t he w ind ing r iv e r T he p l ain w e s t t o J e r icho is .

nea r ly t e n mil e s w id e a nd e as t t o t he fo o t o f t he M o ab M o u n
,

t ains a mil e mo r e o r l es s acco r d in g t o t he co u r se o f t he r iv e r

,
.

Tho us an d s o f p il gr ims andt rav el e r s co me t o t his p l ace at e v e ry

 D E S CR I P TI ON OF THE E N GRA VI N GS . 3 19

East e r t o b at he in t he w at e r and many o f t he m carry aw ay a

,

b o t t l e full as a k ee p sak e o r t o u se in t he b ap t is m o r chr is t e ning

,

o f so me p o o r s o ul s w ho may b e d e p r iv e d o f t he p r iv il e ge o f

v is it ing t he J o r d an The p l ace is no w in co nst ant u se by t he

.

B e d aw ins o f Mo ab w ho ar e o n t he ir way t o t rad e at J e r u s al e m ,

or a
, s it o ft en hap p e ns ar e p as s ing t o o r fr o m a r aid e it he r agains t
,

so me t r ib al e ne my o r t o r a v age a w he at o r b ar l e y fi e ld A fe w .

y ear s s ince a fer ry b o at w it h a guy r o p e w as es t abl ishe d at t he

- -

fo r d an d it w as u s e d du r ing high w at e r t o carr y whe at and b arl ey

,

an dcat t l e acr o s s b ut at l o w w at e r t he B e d awins p r efe r r e d t o u s e

t heir animal s al t ho u gh at a r is k o f l o s ing a d o nk e y o r a ho r s e
,

no w and t he n o r a fe w b ags o f gr ain at t he l eas t

,
Bl eaching .

s k e l e t o n s o f me n o n t he s ho r e o f t he D ead S e a s ho w t hat s o me

t ime s me n ar e cau ght by t he s w ift c u rre nt and car r ie d a w ay .

T he r iv er b ank s ar e fr in ge d w it h many k in d s o f fo r es t t r ee s
- -

an d s hr ub s an d t he ir s had e and co o l ne s s ar e v e r y gr at e f ul t o the

,

t ir e d and hal f r oast e d t r av e l e r

-
( I mp e d v o l i ; 8 v o e d 1 8 9 0
. . .
, . . .
, ,

v ol . i) .

The F ir s t M ir acl e . CANA . K ANA EL J ELIL .

This v iew v e r y p r e t t y v ill age nin e mil es no rt h o f N az a

is of a

r e t h o n t he e n d o f a r o u n d e d b il l w hich r ises fr o m t he w e s t e nd
,

o f t he p l ain o f B u t t au f n ear t he fo o t o f J e b e l K auk ab n o w

, ,

r u ino u s and S p ar se ly eo l e d I t has b e e n an im rt ant l

p p p o.
p ace ,

an d in a fav o r abl e t ime w o uld s o o n again b e co me a v ill age o f

co n se qu e nce It d o es n o t al o ne b ear t he ho n o r o f t he l o cat io n o f

.

t he mir acl e o f t u rning w at e r int o w ine ; fo r ano t he r v ill age s ix

mil es ne ar er N az are t h is al so said t o be t he t r u e s it e and is ,

c all e d K e fr K e nna T he ar gu me nt t ur ns in fav o r o f t he ide nt ifi

.

cat io n o f K ana chie fly if n o t s o l e ly o n it s n ame w hich t r ans

, , , ,

l at e d is Cana o f G al il e e .

F o r K e fr K e n na it is u r ge d t hat in t he e ight h ce nt u r y VVil l i

b ald a p il gr im an d in t he t w e l ft h Pho cas v is it e d t he p l ace
, , , , ,

w her e a fo u nt ain w as s ho wn as t he o ne fro m w hich t he w at er w as

d r aw n and t he w at er p o t s o f st o ne in which t he w at er w as changed
-

t o w ine ; and t hes e p o t s r e maine d t he r e u n t il M de Lamar t ine .

,

t he famo u s F r e n chman v is it e d t he v ill age al t ho u gh du r in g t he

. ,

C r u sad e s t he s ix w at e r p o t s had b e e n car r ie d t o Par is and aft e r ,

w ar d s de p o sit e d in t he Mu se u m at A nge r s F rance T he p ic , .

t ur e s in t he R o man cat aco mb s (s e e p o r t rait s o f J e s u s ) s ho w

3 20 D ES CR I P TI ON OF THE EN GR A VI N G S .

sev e n wat erp o t s as t he p o p u l ar n u mb e r in t he e ar ly ages o f t he

C hu rch .

In e it he r case t he s it e o f Cana can o n ly be fi x e d on p r o b ab il i

t ie s, fo r as mu ch can b e d
s ai fo r o ne p l ace as fo r t he o t he r ; and

t he r e ar e no in scr ip t io n s o r o t he r ancie nt mo n ume nt s t o in icat e d

e v e n t he name o f t he p l ace . Of co u r se t he d evo u t p il gr im ill w
no t s t o p t o d e b at e t he qu es t io n o f t he s it e it is t he w o r k s aid t o

hav e b e e n d o ne t he r e t hat int e r es t s andt hat can be mad e a s ubj ect ,

fo r re fl e ct io n o n o n e s it e as w ell as o n t he o t he r S t ud e nt s ho w .
,

e v e r w ill co nt inu e t o b al ance t he p ro b ab il i t ie s ( m e d v ol i

,
I p ) . . .
,
. .

P assov er . Chr ist Cl ear ing t he Temp l e . Figur es by S CHNORR .

Pro fesso r S chno r r , of t he A ca d e my of F ine A r t s in D res d en ,

mad e a s e r ies of d es igns ca ll e d “

T he B ibl e in Pict u r es ”
( D ie
B ib el B ild ern) o f w hich t his is o ne He st ud ie d Or ient al
in ,
.

manne r s and cu st o ms and v is it e d t he Ho ly Land ; b ut he un fo r

,

t unat e l y ad o p t e d a p e cul iar mann e r is m w hich w as ne it he r O r ie nt al

n o r G e r man b u t w as highly d r amat ic
,
Lik e his co nt e mp o r ar y .

D o r é o f F r ance He rr Pr o fe sso r S chno rr b el ie v e d t he be st met ho d

,

o f r e t e ll in g B ibl e s t o r ies in p ict u r e s was t o l e t t he fancy fr ee ,

a n d ad d s t o ry t o s t o r y co ll at e act s int o sce ne s and mo v e t he

, ,

imaginat io n o f t he b eho ld e r by id e al fi gu r es N o t o ne o f his .

fi gu r e s is t r u e as t o t e chnical d e t ail s ; b ut t he y t e ll t he s t o ry in
a gr and w ay w hic h mak es a l ast ing imp r essio n
, ( I mp e d v ol i ; . . .
,
. .

8 vo e d, . 1 8 9 0, v ol . i) .

S e l l ing D ov es in t he Temp l e .

The d esign by M r Paine sho ws an at t e mp t at d eco rat io n o f

.

t he int e r io r w all s by p al m t r e e s a nd che r ub im W hat t he -

.

che r ub im w e r e has n o t y et b e en s at is fact o r ily d e t e r min e d bu t ,

t hat t he y w e r e so me k ind o f animat e d cr eat u re w it h w ings is

acce p t e d B e hind a scr een a mo d er n F e ll ah sit s cro s s l e gged as
.
-
,

Or ie nt al s do wit h so me shee p o n o ne s id e and p ige o ns o n t he

,

o t he r w ait ing fo r cu s t o me rs m
, ( p e d v ol i )
I . . .
, . .

J o hn t he B ap t is t in P r ison . MA C HIERUS .

J o s e p hu s , Pl iny , and S t r a o b giv e u s an imp r e s s io n of a ve ry

st ro ng fo r t ifi cat io n on t he e as t o f t he D d ea S ea ; an d t he r e it is
no w, on ly t um bl e d int o v ast he ap s of r uins . It s t an ds o n a sp ur
3 22 D ES CR I P TI ON OF T HE E N C R A VI N GS .

The re is y l it t l e d o ub t t hat t his regio n is t he o ne allud edt o

v er

as t he o ne v is it e d by A b r aham J aco b and o t he r p at r iar chs ; and

, ,

fu r t he r e x p l o r at io n may and it is v e ry l ik e ly w ill b r ing t o l ight

, ,

mo r e p r o o fs o f t he co rr ect ne ss o f t he l o cat io ns as l aid d o wn by ,

t he o r iginal w r it er s ( mp ed v o l i ; 8 v o e d 1 8 90 v o l i )
I . . .
, . . .
, ,
. .

R ej ected at N az ar eth . V IEW NEAR THE MARONITE CHURCH .

A b
nu m er o f st ee p b ro w o f t he hill t hat o v er
p l ace s l
a o ng t he
han gs N az ar e t h ar e s t e e p e no ugh t o hav e affo r d e d a me ans o f
r eci it at io n o f a p e r so n he adl o n g w it h fat al r e s ul t s ; but t he
p p
mo nk s hav e t ak e n e x t ra p ains t o go t wo mil es o r mo r e aw ay
fr o m t he v ill age t o a cl iff t hat hangs ov e r t he Pl ain o f Es d rael o n ,

w hich t hey hav e dignifi e d w ith t he name o f The M o u nt o f Pr e

cip it at io n S ee ing t he ab su r d it y o f mar ching a p ro p o se d v ic t im
.

s u ch a l o ng d ist ance t he y o fi er t he e x p l anat io n t hat t he v ill age

,

w as ancient ly near t hat mo u nt ain bu t t he y do no t fi n d no r can ,

w e fi nd any e v id ence s o f fo r me r o r p r e se nt hab it at io n t he r e

,
In .

t his inst an ce t her e ar e t o o many p o ss ibl e s it es in t he mo d er n v il

l age b ut it is no t a qu est io n w o rt h d eb at ing fo r any o ne o f t he m ,

is s u ffi cie nt t o ans w e r t he r e qu ir e ment s o f t he t e x t o nly no o ne ,

has as y et sho w n any an cie nt r u ins o f a sy nago gu e o r e v e n a ,

ho u se o n t he hight s ab o v e t he s it e o f t he p r esent v ill age I

( pm . .

e d, v o l
. . i) .

Ca l l f Andr ew, P eter ,

o J ames, d J o hn
an . CAPERNAUM . TEL
HUM .

The co nt r o v er sy o v er t he l mo st sp ent
s it e o f Cap er naum has a

it se l f in d e b at ing t he cl aims o f s e v e ral p l aces as t he t r u e l o cat io n

o f C ap har N ahu m w hich R e v ,
M r T ho mso n sho w s is s imp ly . .

A rab ic fo r Cap er naum and T el me ans a r u in w he r e t he r e was

,

o nce a v ill age S o Te l Hu m is K e fr N ahu m and Cap er nau m

. .

The p ict u r e sho w s a high r id ge e nd in g in t he S e a o f G al il e e .

I t s t o p is b r o ad and s l o p in g an d a v e r y fi ne s it e fo r a v ill age

,
.

S e e R u in e d S y nago gu e at C ap er n au m
( ) .

T he r e w as no p o r t o r har b o r at t his p l ace and b oat s must o f ,

neces s it y hav e b e e n d r aw n asho re W he n no t in u se S hip s may .

hav e b e e n ancho r e d T he p o r t and s ubu r b o f Cap har nau m w er e

.

at t he F o unt ain o f Cap har nau m an dt he y ar e id ent ifi e d at W hat ,

 D ES CRI P TI ON OF THE E N C R A VI N G S .

is ca ll e d by t he Ar ab s Tabigah .
( p
I m . cd, v o l
. . i ; 8vo
. e d 1 8 9 0,
v ol . i.
)

Cir cu it in G al il ee . PLAIN OF BUTTAUF AND J EB EL K AUK AB .

T he p l ain ancie nt ly k no w n as Z ebul o n is no w call ed B ut t au f

an d J e b e l K auk ab is at t he no r t hw e s t co n e f o m w hich t he
r r, r

p l ain e x t e nd s east war d to M o u nt Hat t in ab o v e M agd al a , and t he

he ight s n e ar T ib e r ias . Cana is in t his re gio n , w het he r it was

K ai l a el J e l il
K e fr K enna ; t he S e r mo n o n t he M o u nt is
or

l o cat e d o n Hat t in w here al so t he fi v e t ho u san d w er e fe d

, .

N ap ht al i w as l o cat e d o n t he w e s t and no r t h o f t he S ea o f G al i
l e e ; and w it hin t he b o u nd ar ies o f t hese t w o t r ib es as l aid d o w n
.

o n t he map s t he gr e at er n u mb e r o f t he e v en t s and y ear s o f t he

,

l ife o f J es u s w er e p asse d T his is a v e ry p l easant r egio n and .

,

o ne in w hich a t ra v e l e r ma fi n d s o me t hing o f int e r est fo r each

y
day in w e e k s o r e v e n mo nt hs I n many r e s p e ct s it is t he fair est
.

in al l Pal est ine and t he p e o p l e ar e incl ine d t o b e s o cial and ho s

,

p it abl e w he n no t e x cit e d by r el igio u s fanat icis m (Imp cd v ol i ) . . .

, . .

Heal ing at t he P oo l f
o B e t hesda . SILO AM .

The Po o l B et hes d a has b e e n s o u ght fo r and l o cat ed in a

of

n u mb er o f p l ace s an d fi nally it is no w b e l ie v e d has b ee n d e fi

, , ,

nit el y t r ace d t o it s ancie n t s it e at l e ast t o t he p l ac e d escr ib e d

,

by t he early Chr ist ians as t he o ne t hey acce p t e d as t he t r ue sit e .

It has b ee n l o cat e d at S il o am t he r u in e d p o o l at o r near t he ,

j u nct io n o f t he Ty r0 p oeo n and K id r o n v all e y s andw hich r ece iv es ,

w at er fro m t he F o u nt ain o f t he V ir gin in an u nd er gr o u n d co ndu it

se v e nt e e n hu nd r e d fe e t l o ng That “ F o u nt ain has al so b ee n
”
.

c l aime d as B e t hes d a A n o t he r s it e o ff e r e d is t he S he e p Po o l
.

o u t s id e o f t he S t e hen G at e an d t her e is o n e mo r e il l t he B irk e t

p ,

I s rae l (l ak e o f I sr ae l ) j u s t insid e t he cit y w all s and at t he no r t h

,

md o f t he T e mp l e ar ea .

T hese al l w er e ab and o ne d in fav o r o f o n e mo r e r ece nt ly p r o

o se d u n d e r o r near t he Chu r ch o f S aint A nne w hich it is b e
p , ,

l ie v e d w as call e d t he Piscina Pr o b at ic a by t he C r u sad e rs and by

t r av e l e r s in t he middl e age s ; b ut t hat w as l aid asid e w he n t he
Engl is h Pal e st ine Ex p l o r at io n fo u nd a l ar ge d o ubl e p o o l un d er
t he co n v e n t o f t he S ist e r s o f Z io n near t he Ec ce Ho mo A r ch , ,

andat t he no rt he ast an gl e o f t he N obl e S anct u ary This p o o l is .

3 24 D E S CR I P TI ON OF THE EN CR A VI N CS .

o ne hu nd r e d an d s ix t y -fi v e fe e t l o ng ,
fo r t y -e ight fee tW id e o v er
b o t h arches w it h a s t o ne
, p ie r fi v e fee t t hick d iv id ing it l e ngt h
w is e .

Eu se b iu s r e fe r s to B et hes d a as t he t w in p o o s ,
l an d t his is

p ro b ably t he o ne r e fe r r e d t o by him I
( p m . . e d,
. v ol . i)
.

P l u ching G r ain on t he S a bba t h . PLAIN or MANEH ( Maha

naim ) ,
in Bashan, b eyo nd J o rdan .

T his is b eau t iful p l aces o n t he e ast o f t he J o r d an

o ne o f t he ,

no w call e d t he Hau r an an d an cie nt ly B as han I t is o n a b ranch

,
.

o f W a d i cl He man a t r ibu t ar y o f t he J o r d an n e arly o p p o s it e

,

B e isan V ery fe w if any r e mains o f a cit y s u ch as is re fer re d

.
, ,

t o I n t he acco u nt s o f Is hb o s he t h a nd D av id and A b s al o m ar e
fo u n d in t hat r e gio n u nl e s s y o u accep t t he r u ine d cit y J cr as h
,

as t he p l ace o f ancie nt M ahanaim .

T he o ak s o f t hat d is t r ict ar e l ar ge and gnar l e d and hav e ,

b ranche s w hich d ep e n d l o w e no u gh t o ser v e t o r e e nact t he Ah -

s al o m t r age dy .

T he co u nt ry is r ich in al mo s t e v e ry t hing e x ce p t in men ; o f

t hat p r o du ct t he r e ar e many imit at io ns b ut v e r y fe w co mp l e t e ,

s p ecime ns An effo r t is b eing mad e at Es S al t t he ancie nt

.
,

R amo t h G il e ad t o imp r o v e t he co nd it io n o f t he p e o p l e by e du
,

cat ing t he child r e n o f b o t h Chr is t ian and M o hamme d an famil ie s

in t he mis s io n scho o l t he r e T he o nly p e r s o n in a t r ib e o f B e da

'

. p

W ins w ho w er e e ncamp e d near He shb o n il l 1 8 7 4 w ho co uld r ead

a nd w r it e w as S ul t an a so n o f A l i D iab t he y o u nge r w ho had
, ,

b een t o schoo l at Es S al t ( I mp e d v o l i ) . . .
, . .

“ S mok in s ha l l he u en ch
g fl ax no t q ( Isaiah) . ANCIENT
LAMP .

M any t ho u san d s o f l amp s il l met al t er r a co t t a o r gl ass hav e ,

-
,

b een fo u nd in ancie nt t o mb s o r amo ng t he r u ins o f ancie nt t e m

p l es o r ho u s es I t w as t he cu s t o m t o bu r y o n e o r mo r e l a m s
.
p
w it h t he d ead This o ne w as o f co p p e r and o r name nt e d w it h
.
,

fi gu r es o f l il ie s —t he l ily in it s v ar io u s p ar t s fl o w er and st e m
, , ,

fo r ming t he diffe r e nt me mb e r s o f t he l amp O n so me l amp s t he .

ear ly Christ ians e n gr av e d o r e mb o s se d fi gu r es o r g ro u p s r e p r e

s e nt i ng t he ir fait h in J e s u s t he C hrist an d in t he l e ading d o gmas

o f t he C hu r ch m d v ol i )
( p
I .c . .
,
. .
 DES CR I P TI ON OF THE EN CRA VI N G S
'
.

Ab o u t hal f-w ay b et w e e n t he v ill age o f Hat t in andt he sea is a

r u in call e d I r b id w hich is s u p p o s e d t o b e t he ancie nt A rb e l a
, .

I
( pm . e d, . v ol . i. 8v o c d , 1 89 0,
. v ol . i)
.

Consider t he l il ies f the fiel d

o . LILIUM CHALCEDONICUM .

Pal e st ine is a l and

l il ies o f many k ind s are of fl o we r s , and

abu nd ant T his o n e is r e d as w e r e t he l ip s o f t he b e l o v e d o f

.
,

S o l o mo n ; gr o w s qu ickly as is imp l ie d in Ho s ea in t he v all ey s , , ,

amo ng t ho r ny s hr ub s and in p l ain s w he r e gaz e ll e s fee d ; and is

,

c ul t iv at e d ill gar d e ns as r e fe r r e d t o il l t w e nt y t e x t s in e ight

,

b o o k s o f t he B ibl e .

I r is N ar cis s u s Gl ad io lu s Ix ol ir io n A maryll is Hy acint h

, , , , , ,

S cill a F r it ill ar ia S t ar o f B e t hl e he m T ul ip Pheasant s Ey e

’
, , , ,

R an u n c ulu s an d t he gl o r io u s A n e mo ne al l gr o w in p r o fu s io n ;
, ,

b u t t he l ast name d mo r e fully ans we r s t o t he t e x t in M at t he w

-

t han any o f t he o t he r fl o w e rs ( I mp cd v o l i
) . . .
, . .

F or ev er
y t r ee is k nown by its f r uit s . BR AMBLE A ND

THORN .

The R ubu s fr u t ico s u s ( bl ackb e rry ) , Ly ciu m ho rr idu m ( bo x

t ho r n), an d s ix t ee n ubs
o t he r v ar ie t ie s of t ho r ns or t ho r n y s hr

ar e ment io n e d in t he B ibl e in mo r e t han fo rt y t e x t s ; an d t he y ,

w ere t ransl at e d b r ambl e b rie r t ho r n t hist l e and p r ick s w it ho u t , , , , ,

d iscriminat io n as t o v ariet y I s aw a fe nce o f t ho rny bu shes at .

Er R iha (J e r icho ) w hich w as e qu al o r s u p e r io r t o any b ar b e d

w ire fo r it w as mass v e
,
i in h igh t a nd wdi t h “
T he y gro w an d .

l iv e fo r age s ”
( I mp e d v ol i
) . . .
,
. .

B e ho l d t he f owl s of t he a ir . THE BULBUL .

I xu s X ant ho py gias, t he l East Thirt y e ight night inga e o f t he .

-

k ind s o f b ir d s ar e ment io ne d in t he B ibl e t e x t ; and fo w l me an ”

,

Pal e s t ine is al iv e w it h
”
ing b ir d s
“ o ccu rs o v e r e ight y t imes
,
.

b ir d s e v e ry w her e In t he d e e p narr o w r av in e s t hey gat her in

.
,

co u nt l e ss n u mb e r s and e v er y bu s h and t r ee t hr o u gho u t t he l and

,

is v ocal M any s mall b ir d s are t r ap p e d in great n u mb e r s and

.

so ld fo r foo d T his Bulbul is an O r ie n t al o f t he far Eas t and

.
,

o n ly a v is it o r t o Pal e s t in e w he r e it is w e l co me fo r it s v e ry mu s i ,

cal v o ice T he y ar e e as ily t ame d and b eco me v e ry d o cil e and

.
, ,

l earn many l it t l e t rick s ( I mp c d v o l ii ) . . .

,
. .
 DE S CR IP TI ON OF T HE E N G R A VI N GS .
3 27

S tr eet S cene . EL W ADI t he , V al l ey ,

J e rus al em .

T his is a p art of t he t r a it io nad l Via D loo r o sa

( e
t h W ay of

S o rr o w), l
a o ng w hich it is said J es u s b ore t he cr o s s fr o m Pil at e ’
s

j ud gme nt hall t o C alv ary . T he Lat in mo nk s say t his arch o v er

t he s t r e et is t he o ne qu are w ind o w
fr o m w hich ,
at t he s
,
J es u s
was s ho w n t o t he mul t it ud e and t her e fo r e it is call e d t he Ecce,

Ho mo ( B eho ld t he M an ) A r ch T his s t r e e t l ead s fro m t he Ho ly .

S e p ul chr e C hu r ch e as t by se v e r al t u r nings t o t he S t e p he n G at e
, , ,

and is t he mo s t t r av e l e d o f a ny in t he cit y The r o ad w ay it se l f .

has b ee n raise d many fee t ( t w e nt y t o fi ft y ) du r ing t he l ast e igh

t ee n hu n d r e d y ear s an d t he bu ild ings al o ng it ar e no t o ld e r
,

t han t he C r u sa d e s if as o l d; bu t t he ge ne r al d ir e ct io n o f t he
,

s t r e e t f ro m t he gat e t o t he mid s t o f t he c it y has p r o b ably n o t

change d v e r y mu ch Al l nat io ns u n d e r t he s u n w it h fe w e x ce p
.
,

t io n s may b e met in it s d ar k n ar r o w d irt y w ay du r ing East er

, , ,

w eek .
( p
I m . c d, v ol
. . ii ; 8 v o
. e d, v o l
. . ii ).

R aising t he Widow s S on ’
. NAIN AND J EBEL ED DUHY
( Littl e Hermon) .

J eb el d D u b y is saidt o b e t he an cient Hill o f M o r eh, an dit is

e

n o t d o ub t e d t hat t he p r ese nt v ill age o f N ain is o n t he an cien t

s it e . The same p at h l ead s u p t he mp e t hat has b e en in u se

t ho u sand s o f y ear s, and t he ro ck near is full o f se p ul chr e s T he .

w
gr o un d s l o p es w est ar d int o t he Pl ain o f Es d r ael o n, ab o v e hich w
t he v ill age is p e r che d o v e r fo u r hu n d r e d fe et ; and t he at er w
fr o m t he l ar ge fo u nt ain r u ns d o n int o t he head -wat er s o f t he w
K isho n The v ie w fr o m t he high gro u nd b e hind t he v il l age in
.

e lud e s M o u nt Tab o r t o t he n o r t h and M o u nt L e b ano n b ey o nd , ,

M o u nt Carme l and t he M e d it er r an e an S ea t o t he w est and t he ,

hill s o f S amar ia t o w ar d s t he s o u t h (I mp e d v ol i ) . . .
,
. .

Chor a z in an d B et hsaida . V iew near t he mo uth o f t he J o r dan

on t he LA K E o r G A LILEE .

T he l o cat io n o f t hese t wo p l ace s o r r at he r t hr e e fo r B et hsaid a ,

w as a d o ubl e p l ace t hat is a v ill age o f t he same n ame o n e ach

,

s id e o f t he J o r d an has b e e n u nt il r e ce nt ly a p u z z l e T he s it e .

o f t he e ast er n cit y is n o w call e d T el J ull as t hat o f t he w est e r n

is n o t l o cat e d and it may b e t hat it w as ne ar t he mo d e r n Abu
,

Z ane Cll o raz in is id ent ifi e d w it h a r u in call e d by t he Ar ab s

.
3 28 D ES CRI P TI ON OP THE E N C R A VI N G S .

K e r az eh, bo u t
a t wo mil e s n o r t heas t of Tel Hu m , and t he sa me
d ist ance fro m t he e nt rance o f t he J o r d an int o t he l ak e The .

s ce ner y in t hat se ct io n is hilly and b e a u t iful and in t he r ainy

:

seas o n t he fi e ld s w he re no t cul t iv at e d ar e go rgeo u s w it h fl o w e r s .

T he r u ins co v e r nearly hal f a s qu ar e mil e and are o n a hill ,

and a l ev e l fi e ld b e l o w ; o n b o t h s id es is a d eep r av ine w it h a

b r o ok .

Po co ck e in 1 7 4 0 hear d fr o m A r ab s t he name K er az e h o r
, , ,

G erasi and id ent ifi e d it as t he ancie nt Cho raz in ; and s ince t he n

,

it has b een v is it e d by many t r av e l e rs ; bu t no o ne had e x amine d

it b e fo re t he Pal e st in e EX p l o rat io n sa w it a fe w y ear s s in ce .

T he S e a o f G al il ee can b e se e n fro m it in it s w ho l e e x t e nt .

I t s r u in s co mp r is e Co r int hian cap it al s niche head s fi ne ly cut and , ,

many o t he r ar chit e ct u ral o r namen t s in har d s t o ne ( bl ack b asal t ) .

M any d well ings ar e in go o d co nd it io n They ar e u s u ally s qu are . .

O ne meas u r e d t hirt y feet w it h co lu mn s in t he ce nt re t o s u p p o r t

,

t he ro o f T he w al l s are t w o fe e t t hick o f b as al t and w ill s t an d

. , ,

o ne t ho u s an d y ear s l o nge r an d hav e p r o bably s t o o d t w o t ho u s an d

,

y ear s al r eady Each ho u se has w ind o w s t w e l v e inches high and

.

s ix and a hal f inches w id e S o me ho u ses ar e d iv id e d int o fo u r

.

ro o ms .

A co p io fl o w s in t he cent r e o f t he t o w n and is co n
us S p r in g ,

d uct ed d o wn int o W ad i Tel Hu m T w o t o mb s o f B e d aw in .

S hay k s st an d near it hu ng w it h t ho u san d s o f r ags o f many

,

co l o r s
. S o me I o nic cap it al s l ie o n t he heap s no t far fr o m t he
s p r ing A p av e d R o man r o ad fr o m Tel Hu m t o D amas cu s p asse d
.

Cho r az in A r u in in t he no r t hwe st o f t he sit e is s u p p ose d t o b e

.

o f an ancient sy nago gu e .
( p
I m . c d, v o l
. . i)
.

J esu s by t he S ea . THE FOUNTAIN AT TABIG A .

The Ar ab Dhaher el -A mr no t l o ng
v er al mill s ago bu il t se

and t anne r ies ( Arab ic da bba g a t anne r y ) at t his p l ace o n ac

z

co u nt O f t he ab u nd an ce o f w at e r and t he y w e r e r e s o r t e d t o by a
,

W id e r ange o f neighb o rho o d I t is l ik ely t hat t his p l ace w as t he

.

manufac t u r ing s ubu r b o f C ap er nau m ; and t he many r u ins o f

ho u s e s s cat t e r e d al o ng t he sho r e b et w e e n her e and Tel Hu m e v i
d e nce t hat in s o me fo r me r age t he v ill age w as al mo st co nt inu o u s ,

rha s fro m Ca e r nau m t o t his T abi a w hich ma

p e p p g y hav e b ee n ,

t he F o u nt ain o f C ap e r nau m men t io ne d by J o se p hu s It is t he .

3 30 DES CR I P TI ON OF THE EN G R A VI N G S .

D amascus c ar a b efo r e t he t w e l ft h cent u ry for it

v ans ,
an din or ,

is me nt io ne d in t he Life o f S al ad in by B o ha e dd in - .

W est o f t he s p r ing at K han M iny eh are a s mall n u mb er o f

heap s o f r u ine d ho u ses co v er ing ab o u t a qu art er o f a mil e in
,

e x t e nt w it ho u t a ny bu ild ing o f l ar ge s iz e
,
I t w as p r o b ably a .

mo d e rn A r ab v ill age fo r no cap it al s o r co lu mns hav e b een fo u nd

, .

A b o v e t he hill ar e o t he r r u ins o f s mall s iz e A mil e no r t h ab o v e .

T ab iga is K hirb e t K hu ray b eh w it h a fe w w all s d o o r p os t s , ,

-
,

l int el s and fragme nt s o f b asal t ( I mp cd v o l i )

,
. . .
,
. .

Mu s t ar d ( Matt . x iii .

S cho l ar s d iffer gr e at ly as t o w
hich o ne o f a d o z en o r mo r e

p l a nt s w as t he w
o ne r e fe r r e d t o in t he G os p e l s, hich in t he G r ee k
t e x t is s in ap o O ur S inap is N igra ans w e r s t he re qu ir e me nt s o f
.

t he t e x t and is cul t iv at e d no w in many p ar t s o f t he co u nt ry

, .

Lar ge fi eld s o f it s b r ight l e mo n y e ll o w bl o sso ms enl iv e n t he l and

-

s cap e and e n r ich t he fe ll ah ( p

I m c d v o l i ) . . .
,
. .

P ar a bl e o f t he S ower ( Matt . x iii .

) BUTAIHA PLAIN .

T his p l ain is d up l icat e o f G ennesar et

a ,
on ly it is s mall er . It
is w at er e d by many sp rings and s t reams . T he so i l b asal t ic
is
an d is r ich, and t he cr 0 ps o f al l so r t s o f gar d e n st u ff t he ear l ie s t
il l Pal e st ine by ab o u t a mo nt h .

No r u ins o f any imp o r t ance hav e

b een fo u n d no t e v en e x cep t ,

ing Tel J a l ias w hich is o n it s w e s t s id e ; fo r t hat p l ace mu s t

,

hav e b e e n v e ry mu ch magnifi e d by J o s e p hu s s ince I n s iz e and ,

n o t abl e r u ins it s gl o r y has d e p ar t e d The p l ain is o nly t w o and .

a hal f mil e s l o n g by o ne and a hal f w id e T he r e ar e no grav e l .

o r s he ll b eache s he r e as o n t he s ho re o f G e nnes ar e t
, ( Imp c d . . .
,

v ol . i)
.

Cir cu it in G alil ee w it h t he Twel v e . MOUNT HERMON FR O M

HAZ OR .

Haz o r is o ne of t he no t e d p l aces in t he n o r t h, n ear Lak e

Hul eh . J ab in l ive d
d t he r e and J o shu a d est ro y e d it
and r e igne ,

J h i 5 R u i d f u d i he ap s o f fall e n w all s
( o s x . . ne o n at o n s , ,

W ell s and cist er ns ar e scat t ere d o v e r a narr o w v all ey and far up

,

o n t he hill s id e t o t he s o u t h T he M o hamme d ans hav e mad e a

.

maz ar (shr ine) o f a l ar ge nat u r al cav e t o w hich t hey hav e bu il t

 DES CR IP TI ON OF T HE EN C R A VI N GS .
3 3 1

an arche d fr o n t , w her e t he y ho no r N e by Haz u r ( l ) . T he r e gio n

is hilly an d mu s t hav e
b ee n v e r y salub rio u s and it is b e au t iful in
—fo r it w o uld s u st ain a
.

sce ne r y n o w o nly l ack ing in v ill ages

, ,

hu n d r e d fo ld it s p r es e nt inhab it ant s
- .

M o u nt Her mo n is p ar t ly hidd e n fro m t his p o int by hill s ; but

it is grand and b e au t iful st il l e sp ecially w he n as r e p r e sent e d in
, ,

t he e ngra v ing t he mo r n ing cl o ud s fl o at acr o s s it s blu e an d go ld

,

mas s w hil e it s s no w y p eak s ar e w ar me d int o saffro n and l av e nd er

,

t int s by t he r is ing s u n .
( I mp . e d,
. v ol . ii ) .

F iv e Thou sa ndf ed . V IEW B ETW EEN S A FED AND TEL J ULI AS .

S o many ancie n t , mo d er n w r it er s agr ee in l o

me d iae v al , and

c at ing Cap e r nau m at o r n e ar T e l Hu m, t hat w e may r e ck o n fr o m

it t o o t he r p l ace s Eu se b iu s and J e r o me s ay t hat t he t hre e cit ie s,

.

Cap e rnau m, Cho r az in, and B e t hsaid a, w e r e o n t he w est (no r t h

w est) sho re o f t he sea, and J er o me mak es it t wo mil e s fr o m
C ap er nau m t o Cho r az in T hat is e x act ly t he d ist ance fr o m T el
.

Hu m t o t he r uine d sit e call e d K er az e h, an d it is ab o u t t w o mil es

t o t he sit e o f B et hs aid a, as l o cat e d at A b u Z ane at t he mo ut h o f
t he J o r d an .

Safe d is on a high, shar p ly d ge w hich l ies

ro u nd e d hill or ri

s o u t hw est highe st t o t he n o r t h w he r e t he G o t hic cas t l e st and s

, , .

The cit y is d iv id e d int o t hr ee d is t r ict s o r e l e v at io ns by t he in

e qu al it ie s o f t he
gr o u nd o ne o f w hich o n t he w e st s id e is t he
, , ,

J e w s qu ar t er
’
I t o nce had nine t ho u s an d p e o p l e o f al l s o r t s
. .

S afe d is o ne o f t he ho ly p l aces o f t he J e w s in G al il e e and has ,

b e en so fo r many ce nt u ries I t has s e v e n o r mo r e sy nago gu e s

.
,

and t he ir
p r int in
g o ffi c e d a t-
es fr o m t h e s ix t e e nt h ce nt u ry T he .

cit y w as d e s t r o y e d in 1 8 3 6 by an e ar t hqu ak e as it had b e e n ,

b efor e in 1 7 5 9 .

T he fi r s t me nt io n o f S afe d w as by J e r o me in t he Lat in V ul gat e

in d escrib ing t he n at iv e p l ace o f T o b it M o d ern eccl e siast ical .

t rad it io n has l o cat e d B et hul ia at S afe d but t hat id eal cit y is no w ,

id e nt ifi e d in t he s it e a fe w mil es no r t h o f S amar ia It has b ee n .

r o o s e d as t he y ll llud d
o ft e n “ c it se t n a h i ”
e t o i n t h e Ser
p p o a

mo n o n t he M o u nt and t he mo u nt ain has b e e n s aid t o be t he o ne

,

o n w hich J e s u s w as t r an sfi ur e d A m il it a r y r e c au t io n t he
g s a .
p ,

w all s o f t he cast l e at S afe d w e r e d e mo l is he d by o r d e r o f S ul t an

M el e k el Mu adh d he m o f D amas c u s w ho al s o fo r t he same r easo n
- -
,
 3 32 D ES CR IP TI ON OF THE EN CR A VI N GS .

t hr e w d o w n t he w all s o f J e r usal e m and o f Panias and Tibnin .

S afe d Cast l e w as r e bu il t by t he T e mp l ar s in 1 24 0 and great ly ,

s t r e ngt he ne d by S ul t an Bibar s w ho had t ak en it fro m t he T e m ,

p l ar s in 1 2 6 6 .

S a fe d was mad e famo u s by a J e w ish s choo l of l ear ning in t he

si x t ee nt h ce nt u ry ,
d a S p aan
n is h R abb i, J aco b B e -
R ab, w ho w as
c hie f R abb i il l Fe z in M o r o cco , b ecame a ce l e b rat e d w r it e r and
t eache r t he r e . He d ie d A D 1 5 4 1 A l o ng l is t o f l earne d R abb is
. . .

fo ll o w his name do wn to M o se s Al she ik h, 1 60 1 , al l of w ho se

w r it ings ar e he ld in gr eat e st e e m by J e s o f al l co u nt r ies A w .

ce nt u ry w
l at er, N an, a J e ish t rav el e r, d escr ib e d t he c it y as a
seco n d J er u sal em and co nt r ibu t io ns t o s u s t ain t he ir sy nago gu es
,

and scho o l s came fro m al l p ar t s o f t he w o r ld as t hey do n o w t o ,

J er u sal e m S afe d hav ing fall e n int o d ecay fr o m M o hamme d an

,

O pp r e s s io n .

T he hill on w hich S afe d s t an ds

d t he t wo hill s no r t h o f it
, an

ar e n ear ly as high as t he M o unt o f Ol iv es, and t hey are t he

highes t p o int s in G al il e e .

w
The v ie s o n e v e r y s id e x t e nsiv e e x cep t o n t he no r t h
ar e e , .

O ur v ie w is near t he b as e o f o ne o f t hese hill s no r t h o f S afe d .

T he co u n t r y is r o mant ic and b e au t iful r ich in p ast u r e fr u it ful , ,

in al l t hat man can w is h fo r in gar d e n o r il l fi el d o r in o r char d ,

bu t v e ry s p ar sely p e o p l e d b e cau se o f high t ax es and wil d B e d a

,

w ins .
( mp
I . e d, v o l
. . ii ; 8 v o
. e d,
. v ol . ii .
)

A ncient G l a ss Vessel .

F o und by t he Pal est ine Ex p l o r at io n u nd e r Lieut (no w Cap t ain) .

C harl e s W arr e n, R E , 1 868 , at J e r u sal e m, nearly fi ft y fe et b el o w

. .

t he u r face amo ng ancie nt b r o k e n p o t t er y and o t her r ubb ish

s , .

The l amp s fo u n d at J e r u s al e m by t he same p ar t y ar e ill p o t

t e ry gl ass an d co p p e r
, , S o me o f t he m ar e v e ry b e au t iful in
.

fo r m mat e r ial an d d eco r at io n

, ,T his o ne has s e v e r al fi gu r e s o f .

t he Lily o f C hal ce d o n s t e ms and fl o w e r s , .

M o hammed ans ar e v e ry p ro ud o f t he ir mo sk l amp s and mak e ,

t he m v e r y co s t ly in fi n e ly w r o u ght mat e r ial and in e l ab o r at e

d eco rat io n S u ch l amp s may hav e b ee n u se d in t he J e w is h

.

sy n ago gu es b u t if s o t hey w e r e t o o fr a il e and hav e e is h d

, g p r e .

Im
( p . e d, v o l
. . ii ).
3 34 DE S CRIP TI ON OF THE E N ORA VI N GS .

of t he w ho l e d ist r ict by p l ant ing e v er greens as a fence, which

fo r ms a b arr ie r .

l y f h d i r ict eas t o f t he “ La dd er ”
is int er e st ing
The ge o o g o t e s t
fo r t he fi ne s p eci me ns fo r ca b inet s fo u n d t he re . T he cho ice s t

ar e geo d esl ar ge s iz e w it h do g t o o t h sp ar S O call ed p et rifi e d

Of -
.
-

o l iv es ar e abu nd an t .

O f t he t hre e he adl and s o n t his co ast t he fi r s t is t he Ladd e r ,

o f o u r e ngra v ing ; t he s e co n d is R as e n N aku r a and t he t hir d ,

R as el M u s ll e ir ife h t he highe s t o f al l and is t he w hit e p e ak in

,

t he ce nt r e o f t he p ict ur e .
( p
I m . c d,
. v ol . ii ; 8 v o
. cd, v o l .
. ii )
.

S y r op hoenician Wo man . OLD T YRE .

Ol d Ty r e has l mo st d isapp eared It was o n t he mainl and

a .
,

and t he y o u nge r c it y w as o n an isl an d u nt il Al e x and e r t he G r e at

bu il t a cau se w ay o ut fr o m t he s ho re t o t he is l and fo r his ar my t o

cap t u r e t he p l ace ; s inc e t he n T y r e has s t o o d o n a p e nins ul a .

The O l d c it y and p e r hap s al so t he ne w w as s u p p l ie d w it h wat er

, ,

by an aqu e du ct fr o m fo u r l arge fo u nt ain s ab o u t t hr ee mil es fro m

t he cit y so u t h ,
T he fo u nt ains ar e w all e d in by v er y t hic k an d
.

s t r o n g maso nr y w id e e no u gh at t he t o p fo r fo u r o r fi v e t o w alk
,

ab r eas t T he y w er e al l co nnect e d at fi r st and d raine d by t he

.
,

aqu e du c t ; b u t t he maso nry has fall e n b e t w e e n t he s e co n d an d

t hir d ( t he l ar ge s t ) and n o w o nly t w o are co nnect e d w it h t he

,

aqu e d u ct T he channel o f t he aqu e du ct is fo u r fee t w id e and

.

t hr e e d e e p T he arches o f t he a qu e du ct ar e r o u nd w it h a co r
.
,

n ice ab o v e a nd e v id e nt ly R o man in o rigin

,
D io do r us say s t he .

cit y o n the main l an d w as Ol d in his d ay

( 60 B a n d t r ad it io n .

say s S o l o mo n bu il t t he p o o l s and t he a qu e du ct O f co u rse it w as .

bu il t by so me G r ee k o r R o man r ul e r S o l o mo n is al way s cre d it e d .

w it h e v er y p ubl ic w o r k t hat is in any w ise ab o v e t he co mmo n

p l ace ,
w h ich i s o nly a l az y w a
y o f s ay in g n o o n e k no w s w ho d i d
t he w o r k .

T w o o f t he p ool s ar e fi ft y t w o by fo r t y s e v e n an d fi ft y t w o by
- - -

t hir t y six fee t w it h w all s mo r e t han t w e nt y fee t t hick at t he

-
,

b o t t o m and t w elv e at t he t o p The t hird p o o l is o ct ago nal and

.
,

e ight y feet in d iame t e r T he w at e r is fi ft e e n t o t w e nt y fe e t dee p

.

in al l . T he w at e r fro m t he l ar ge p o o l is n o w u se d t o d r iv e s o me
mill s .

T he fo u r t h fo u nt ain and p o o l is s mall e r an d has a mo dern ,

a qu e du ct w hich s u p p l ie s w at er fo r ir r igat io n .
 DES CRI P TI ON OF THE E N GR A VI N G S . 3 3 5

The w at er is s w eet ,
b ut imp r e gnat e d w it h l ime so mu ch t hat
at e ve ry l eak in t he a qu e du ct l
st a act it e s hav e b een fo r me d .

( I mp . c d,
. v ol . ii ) .

D eaf an d D u mb hea l ed . MAG DALA .

V iew o f M e j d el fr o m t he no r t h . T he n ame is Arabic, and is

t he equ iv al ent o f t he He b r e w M igd o l and t he G r e e k M agd al a , .

M ar k ( v iii 1 0 ) say s D al manu t ha in p l ace o f t his t o w n ; but no sit e

.

call e d by any na me t hat co u ld b e t rans l at e d int o t hat w o r d has

b e e n fo u nd in t his cent ur y .

T he v ill age co nsist s o f a fe w mo d er n ho uses w it ho ut a t race o f

mains
a nc ie nt r e .

N early t w o mil es w es t o f M ej d el , in a p er p en d icul ar cl iff o f

W ad i Hamam, ar e t he r e mains o f a cast l e w hich w as o nce a v e r y
s t r o ng p l ace . T wo d
l e ar e o f so l id r o ck p e rp en
si e s o f a t r iang ,

dicul ar and o n t he t hir d mass iv e w all s ar e bu il t v e r y high cut ,

t ing o ff ap p r o ach fr o m t he main cl iff .

T her e are many n at u r al cav es in t his v all e y in w hich mo nk s ,

hav e in fo r mer t ime s mad e a d we ll ing S o me o f t he se w e r e co n .

n e ct e d by gall e r ies cut in t he ro cky face o f t he cl iff S e e J o se .

p hus A nt x ii 1 1 1 and 1 M accab ee s ix 2 w ho call s t he m t he

,
. .
, , .
,

ca v erns o f A r be l a I m e d v o l ii )
( p . . .
,
. .

F ou r Thousandf ed . MOUNT HERMON .

This l o cat ed in t he De cap o l is east o f t he J o r d an ; and

ev ent is ,

M o u nt He rmo n can be see n fr o m e v ery o ne o f t he t e n s it es me n

t io ne d so far as t hey hav e b ee n d e t e r mine d in o ur day T he names
, .

o f t he t en w e r e : S cy t ho o l is Hi o s G a d a ra Pe ll a Phil ad e l p hia
p pp , , , , ,

G er as a D io n Canat ha D amas cu s and R ap hana Pt o l emy say s

, , , ,
.

C ap it o l ias w as o ne o f t he t en ; and an inscrip t io n at Pal my r a

includ e s A b il a O ne o f t he t e n S cy t ho p o l is no w B e isan ( Be t h
.
, ,

S han) w as o n t he w est s ho re o f J o r d an
, .

Accor d ing t o J o s e p hus D amasc u s mu st b e o mit t e d fro m t he ,

t e n ; and s o A b il a might b e incl ud e d as said in t he Pal my r e ne ,

t abl e t S cy t ho p o l is G ad ar a andCanat ha each hav e a fe w ho u ses

.
, ,

an d p e o p l e b ut al l t he o t he r s ar e r u ine d an d d ese r t e d .

T his v ie w o f M o u nt Hermo n ( call e d by t he A r ab s J e b e l e sh

S hayk by w ay O f d ist inct io n) is t he b est
,
F ro m al l o t her p o in ts .

o f t he co mp ass t he w at e r s o f Lak e Hul e h ar e w ant ing and no ,

o t her s s u
pp ly t he ir
p l ace so w e ll .
3 3 6 D E S CR I P TI ON OF THE E N G R A VI N GS .

Hul eh, b o t h l ak e an d p l ain, is w ell w o rt h a v isit by t he

t rav e l er . T he p l ain is see n t o b e s t adv ant age in t he s e aso n o f
har v e s t ,
t hat is, in t he S p r ing, b e fo r e t he s u mme r he at has
d rie d up t he he r b age and t hr o wn a gr ay and b r o n mant l e w o v er
t he ear t h . A l l d t he fi nes t e ffe ct s ar e b ad in t he mo r ning, w hen
t he fo g-c l o ud s r ise fr o m t he w at e r by t he
an d are illu minat e d
r is ing s u n T he n t he s no w y cap o f He r mo n is w ar m t int e d an d
.
-
,

t he s had o w s are a d el icat e gr ee nis h blu e an d p al e p u r p l e s t r e ak e d ,

w it h go ld e n and r uby l ight s T he mass o f t he mo u nt ain in d ee p

.
,

a y o f u r l es an d gr een s an d b ro w n s a l m o st s ee ms fl oat ing

g r p p ,

ab o v e t he w at e r and t he fo g cl o ud s -
.

T he mar sh at t he no rt h e nd o f Hul eh is fill e d w it h bab e er cane

and p ap y r us t hr o u gh w hich t he r iv e r mak es a l az y cr aw l o nly t o
, ,

hu rry al l t he mo r e d o w n t he r ap id s o v e r b as al t l e d ge s s ix mil es
t o t he S e a o f G al il e e .

T he A r ab s hav e name d M o u nt Her mo n J e b e l e sh S hayk w it h

r e a t r o r ie t y I t is c h i e f amo ng t he mo u nt ains il l al l Sy r ia fo r
g p p .

b eau t y and grand e u r and it is fi r st al so in t he o bj ect s Of st u dy it

,

s u p p l ie s t o t he ar chaeo l o gist O n o ne o f it s t hr ee s u mmit s t he

.

Phoenicians bu il t a s mall t e mp l e and s u rr o u n d e d it w it h w all s o f,

mas siv e s t o ne O n al l s id e s o f Her mo n l o w e r d o w n o n al mo s t

.
, ,

e v e r y s p u r t he r e ar e r u ins o f t e mp l e s e v er y o n e facing t he t e mp l e ,

o n t he s u mmit I t has b e e n s u p p o s e d t hat t he w o r s hip o f B aal

.

w as t he c ul t w hich call e d t he se t e mp l e s int o b e ing W hat e v er .

t he go d o r his w o r s hip t he id ea o f s u ch a gr and cir cl e o f shr ines

,

ar o u n d s o s ubl ime a c e nt r e w as a b r ill iant o ne w o r t hy o f t he ,

p pe o l e w h o g a v e l e t t e r s t o t he G r ee k s and s hi s t o a l l c iv il iz e d
p
mank ind .

S t and ing o n He r mo n w it h a go o d gl as s o ne may s e e al l Pal e s

.
,

t ine t o t he s o ut h e nd o f t he D ead S ea an d t he hill s o r mo u nt ain ,

n ear Heb r o n an d no r t h t o Le b an o n
, Eas t w ar d t he ey e is b e .

w ild e re d amo ng t he u nk no w n w ild s o f t he Ar ab ian d ese r t b e t w ee n

t he J o rd an o r M o ab and t he Pe r s ian Gul f W it h a go o d map in .

hand y o u can p ick o ut e v e r y mo u nt ain hill v all ey and p r incip al , , ,

cit y o r t o w n il l t he l and fr o m t he B aal t e mp l e I f t hat w as o ne .

”
o f t he
“ high p l ace s it ce r t ainly w as a u seful o ne and mu st
, ,

hav e v e ry l ar gely t ak e n t he p l ace o f t he mo d e r n sy mb o l o f t he

t o t he ancient B aal w o r ship p e r s in t he r e gio n
”
al l see ing e y e
-

r o u n d ab o u t He r mo n T he Phoen ician n ame o f t he mo u nt ain

.

w as S ir io n w hich me ans “ ”
,
s hin ing as
p o l is he d m e t al I t is al so .
3 38 D E S CRI P TI ON OF T HE E N C R A VI N G S .

a b o v e t he p l ain S t and ing w it h t he back t o w ar ds N az ar eth

.
,

w e l o o k s o u t h at M o u n t Tab o r and in t hat v ie w it s o u t l ine is ,

ne arly a s e mi cir cl e Eas t and w est it is mo r e ab r up t il l it s

- .

cu rv e s .

T he t r av el e r may see b o t h t he S e a o f G al il e e an d t he M e dit er

r ane a n fr o m T ab o r n e ar t he s u mmit ; b u t t he D ead S e a is hidd e n
,

by t he M o u nt ains o f Ep hr aim andt he Q u arant ana ando t her hight s

n e ar J e r icho C e nt ral Pal e s t ine is s e e n l ik e a map ; and Es drae
.

l o n is v e r y d ist inct e v e r y s ilv e ry t hr e ad o f r iv e r o r b ro o k b e ing

,

t r ace abl e t hr o u gho u t T ab o r is o n t he w at e r s he d b e t w ee n t he t w o

.

seas . T he s u mmit has b e e n fo r t l fi e d; an d r u ine d w all s S ho w ho w

mu ch l ab o r a nd car e w as b e st o w e d o n s u ch a r ar e s it e fo r e it he r
fo r t o r t e mp l e The C r u sad e r s did no t n e gl e ct Tab o r as t he ir
~
.
,

w o rk s s ho w A fe w y ear s since in cl e ar ing aw ay t he heap s o f

.
,

r u ins and r ubb is h b e fo r e l ay ing t he fo u nd at io ns fo r a G r e e k co n

v ent and chu rch ( o f t he T rans fi gur at io n) t he ancie nt w all s o f ,

t w o o r t hr e e bu ild ings w hich cr o sse d o v e r e ach o t he r at d iffer e nt

,

angl e s w e r e u nco v e r e d
,
.

T he r e mains o f fo r me r bu ild in gs o n t he s u mmit are o f a fo r t o f

S ar ace nic w o r k w hich w as mad e o f o ld e r mat e r ial no t no w id e n
, ,

t ifi abl e w it h any ancie nt w o r k al t ho u gh it is said a fo rt ifi e d c it y ,

o n ce o ccu p ie d t he s u mmit .

T he t r ad it io n t hat t his w as t he sce ne o f t he Tr ans fi gu r at io n is

t r ace d no far t he r b ack t han t o Cy r il and J er o me I l l t he ir day .

t he r e w as no chu r ch o n T ab o r .

The Tr an s fi gu rat io n w as l o cat e d o n o ne o f t he s u mmit s o f

Ol iv e t near J e r u sal e m in t he t ime o f t he B o r d e aux Pil gr im S ee
, , .

e ngr av ing Ol iv e t near B e t hany m d l ii

, ( p
I e v o ) . . .
,
. .

And t hou , Cap er nau m, which a r t ex al t ed t o heav en , s ha l l be

t hr u s t do w n t o hel l
”
( Lu k e x T E L H U M . . l o o k ing
,

s ou th o v e r t he Se a of G al il ee
to ward Tibe r ias o n t he r ight

an dt he co u n r ty of t he G adar e nes o n the l eft .

T his fo r Cap e r nau m is

s it e a
d v o cat e d by R ev . W . M . Tho mso n
Land and B o o k ,
”
i 543 ) . and Dr . R o b inso n as l ear nedly
maint ains t hat K han M iny e h is t he t r ue s it e , near t he fo u nt ain
A in et Ti ll y . B u t t hat fo u nt ain is t o o l o w fo r u se in w at ering
t he P l ain of G e nne sare t ; and J o se
p hu s y s t he fo u nt ain o f Ca
sa

p ha r nau m did w at e r t he p l ain , an dw as t he c au s e o f it s w o nd e r ful

 D ES C R IP TI ON OF T HE E N C R A VI N C S .
3 3 9

fe r t il it y M r Tho mso n u ment d e riv e d fr o m t he name

’
. . s ar g , Te l
Hu m is giv e n u nd er T el Hum
,
.

K han M iny eh is Chinner o t h, an d t hat in M accab ee s is w r it t e n

G e naso r , w hich is G ennesar et B ut no w co mes t he Pal e st in e

.

Ex p l o at io n w hich fi nd s t he name p es er v e d by t he nat iv e A ab s

r ,
r r

as C ap har nau m at Khan M iny eh .

J o s e p hu s d o es no t l o cat e e it her t he fo u nt ain o r t he v ill age o f

Cap e r n aum in t he p l ain ; and t he y are b o t h o u t s id e an d aw ay
f ro m it s o me d is t ance if T e l Hum is t he S it e o f t he v ill age and
,

T abiga t he fo u nt ain S e e Tabiga

. .

T he r uine d b uild in g in t he ce nt re o f t he p ict u r e s t and s near

t he w at er and w as bu il t o f s t o ne s t ak e n fro m w hat is call e d t he
,

W hit e Sy nago gu e w hich w as o f w hit e l imes t o ne

”
, .

T hat bu ild ing w as se v e nt y fi v e feet l o ng by fi ft y se v e n w id e

- -
,

and w as l o ng n o r t h an d so u t h w it h t hr ee e nt r ance s a t t he so u t h
, .

It w as highe r u p o n t he cr es t o f t he hill .

M any o f t he p e d e st al s o f co lu mns are in p o sit io n and a fe w ,

Co r int hian cap it al s are s cat t e r e d ab o u t T he r e mains o f a chu r ch .

ar e ne ar w hich may b e t hat me n t io n e d by Ep ip haniu s and d

, e

s cr ib e d by A nt o niu s 60 0 A D as a b as il ica w it h a ho u se o f Pe t e r
. .
,
,
“
at t ache d .T he r u in s o t f he sup p o se d W hit e S y nago gu e ar e
d ifferent in p l an an d co nst r u ct io n fr o m t hat o f any chu rch mo sk , ,

o r t e mp l e in Pal e s t ine o r Sy r ia A fi gu r e o f a s e v e n b r anche d

.
-

c andl e st ick mar k s t hat l int e l as a p ar t o f a s y n ago gu e r at he r ,

t han o f a chu r ch o r mo s k .

S an gu ine p il gr ims al mo st v ener at e t he bl o ck s o f t his r uin as

“
a rt s o f t he s y nago gu e bu il t by t he R o man C e nt u r io n (Luk e
p
and o n e o f t he mo st sac r e d p l ace s o n e ar t h
”
v ii 4
.
,
A p ot .

o f man na w as e ngr av e d o n o n e l ar ge bl o ck p ro b ably a l int e l , .

A ge nt l e s l o p e r ise s b e hin d t he sy nago gu e no r t hwe st co v e r e d ,

cl o se ly w it h fo u n d at io ns in p l ace an d fall e n w all s o f d w e ll ings .

S o me t o mb s hav e b ee n O p e ne d at t he no r t h e nd o f t he cit y t he ,

e nt r ance cut t hr o u gh t he b as al t at t he s u r face and e nl ar ge d in

t he l imest o ne b e l o w fo r t he l o cu l i A no t he r t o mb w as ab o v e .

gr o u n d l ar ge e n o u gh fo r a hu n d r e d o r mo r e b o d ie s w hit e w ashe d
, ,

w ithin and w it ho ut (M at t x x iii . I

( p m c d v ol i )
. . .
, . .
 3 40 D ES CR I P TI ON OP TII E EN C R A VIN G S .

Heal ing Ten L ep er s . MOUNTAINS OF EPHRAIM .

V ie w ne a r S inj il il l
v all ey a mil e e ast o f t he v ill age
t he .

S inj il is bu il t high u p o n t he s id e o f a nar r o w w ad i w hich o p e ns

int o t he b ro ad v all ey s ho w n il l t he p ict ur e T he v ill age is .

t w e nt y s ix hu nd r e d fe e t ab o v e t he se a l e v e l
- «
The d is t ant -
.

mo u nt ains ar e aro u n d N abl o o s (S hec he m) The r o ad o v e r t he .

s p ur in l ight at t he l e ft l e ad s t o war d s K han L ubb an near t he ,

S it e o f t he ancie nt Le b o nah If y o u w o uld go t o S e il un ( S hil o h)

.
,

m u u r n t o t he r ight l e av ing T u r mu s Ay a T h o r mass ia

y o u s t t , ( )
b ehind y o u t o t he right .

This is t he d iv id ing l ine be t wee n El K o o ds ( J e r u sal e m) and

N abl o o s p o l it ically andt o p o gr ap hically fo r t he w at e r r u ns t o al l
, ,

o i n t s o f t h e co mp ass fr o m t his v all e y I t is t he r e fo r e d o w n

p .

gr ad e t o N abl o o s and al so t o J e r u s al e m
,
T he Sinj il r ange o f .

hill s o r mo u nt ains d iv id es S amar ia fr o m J udaea as fix e d by t he ,

R o mans .
(S ee map O p p o s it e p age
T his is in t he he ar t o f t he M o u nt ains of Ep hraim, in many re

s p e ct s t he d e s irabl e p art o f al l Pal e s t ine fo r a far me r

mo s t .

Ha v ing hill s v all ey s b r o o k s il l p l e nt y and ab und ance o f w at e r

, , , ,

fo r es t and fr u it t r ees in gr e at v ar ie t y r ich so il fi ne cl imat e t he , , ,

d ist rict w o uld s u p p o rt a hund re d t imes t he p r ese nt p o p ul at io n ,

and in mu ch b e t t e r co n d it io n

T he s ce ne r y is b e au t iful e v e r y w he r e in t he shu t in v all ey s ,

-
,

as in o u r e ngrav ing o r o n t he hight s w he re hal f Pal es t in e may

, ,

be se e n at a gl ance .

T he many hist o r ic s it es it w o uld s e e m wo ul d s u pp ly an e ve r

, ,

incr easin g n u mb e r o f t o p ics fo r a t alk at iv e p e o p l e s u ch as l iv e

t he r e ; bu t as t he y ar e p ract ically w it ho u t a l it er at u r e t he y mix ,

u p t he l ege nd s and t rad it io ns and his t o r ic t al e s il l a w ild and e x

as p e r at ing co nfu s io n O ne might e asily s u p p o s e aft e r l ist e n ing

.

fo r an e v e nin g t o t he nat iv e gat he r ing at t he S hay k s d iv an t hat

’

hal f o f t he mo st imp o r t ant e v e nt s o f t he p ast had b ee n p ro v i

de nt ial l y l o cat e d in t his r egio n I
( pm e d v o l ii ) . . .
, . .

R ej ect ed by t he S a ma r it ans . S A M ARIA, THE HILL .

I f y o u sho uld r id e fro m N abl oo s t o S e bu s t iy e h ( S ama r ia ), y o u

wo uld fi nd t he s ix mil es v e r
y l o n g, b e cau s e t hr o u gh a r ich, p r o
w w
duct iv e co u nt ry , ell s u pp l ie d it h al l s o r t s o f go o d t hings fo r
t he b o dy and o ccu p at io n fo r t he mind .
3 42 DE S CR I P TI ON OF THE E N C R A VI N G S .

W ad i K el t is A rab ic fo r B ro o k C he r it h, w here it is s u p p o se d
El ij ah w as fe d by ve ns A no t her S it e is s ho wn o n t he map
ra .
,

a
p g e 29 9 M any t ho u sand s o f ancho r it e s hav e ad o p t e d t his
.

O p inio n and hav e b o r e d ho l e s in t he s o ft r o ck o f t he c l iff s w he r e

t hey ha v e b e e n fed—no t by ra v en s bu t by t he char it abl e o r il l

, ,

, , ,

many cas e s by an all o w ance fro m so me mo nas t e ry

,
This go r ge .

is al iv e w it h p ige o ns t hat il l co unt l e s s t ho u s an d s nes t in t he

,

cre v ices o r in t he ce ll s o r cav e s fo r me r ly t he ho me s o f mo nk s .

Eagl e s haw k s r av e ns vul t u re s a n d o t he r b ir d s k e e p t he m Co m

, , , ,

a n y I l l t he s u mme r a l it t l e b r o o k r u ns at t he b o t t o m and il l
p .
,

t he w in t e r a f u r io u s t o rr e nt .

Hal f w ay fro m J e r u sal e m t o J er icho t he Ar ab s p o int o ut a

-

r u ine d k han w ho se w all s ar e n o t al l p r o st rat e andw ho se c is t e r ns

,

are no w go o d and say t r ad it io n n ame s it t he K han o f t he G o o d

S a mar it an I t was p r o b ably bu il t by t he C r u sad er s and ab an

.
,

do ne d w he n it ne e d e d r e p air s (T h e A r ab s s e ld o m re p air a ny
.

bu ild ing ) N e ar t he k han are s e v e r al cav es w hich are o ft e n

.
,

u se d by t rav el e rs who r es t t he re by day fro m t he heat and by ,

night s l e e p se c u r e fr o m t he he avy de w .

On t he hill no r t he ast o f t he k han a S mall fo r t is s t ill in go o d

co nd it io n as t o s o l id it y o f w all s F r o m it o ne may s ee t he Pl ain
.

o f J e richo t o t he n o r t heas t an d t he M o u nt o f O l iv e s t o t he
,

so u t hw es t T r ad it io n s ay s S o l o mo n t he R o mans and t he C r u
.
, ,

s ader s bu il t it W ho k no w s ? .

T his w ay is as u ns afe n o w as e v e r B ed aw ins k no w no l aw .

b ut fo r ce and r o bb er ie s ar e fre qu ent

, (I m p e d v o l ii ) . . .
,
. .

B et ha ny bey on d J o r dan . BETH NIMRAH .

F ive mil es no r t h o f Libias (id e nt ifi e d

B et h har an) is a S it e as -

call e d by t he A r ab s N ahr N imr il l w hich is t he l o wer e nd o f ,

W ad i S ho aib n e ar o ne o f t he fo r d s o n J o rd an T his w ad i b e gins

, .

ne ar Es S al t an d e nd s ill t he J o r d an v all e y T he an cie n t s r e fe r .

t o it u nd e r the v ar io u s n ames : B e t hab ar a B e t hab r a B e t ha l aba , ,

-
,
_

B t han abr a and B e t hany b ey o n d J o r d an

e
, T he r uins ar e o f mill s .

and d w e ll in gs fo r t he mill e r s n o v i ll age

; .

T he w at er is v e r y p l en t iful ; an d B e d aw ins l e ad co u nt l e s s fl o ck s
a nd he r d s t he r e an d it h t h i t n t n t he h i ht s ab o v e t he
p c e r ,e s o g
s t rea ms Ho s t il e t r ib e s k ee p t he p eace at t he w at e r ing p l aces
.
-
,

and w hil e w at er in
g t he ir cat t l e e x chan ge n e w s and go s s ip .
 DE S CR I P TI ON OF THE E N C R A VI N G S . 3 43

F ro m t his p l ace t he v ie w west war d is full of int e r e st t o t he

st ud ent and o f ins p irat io n t o t he d e v o u t The r ange o f t he
,
.

mo u n t ains o f J udaea fro m n ear Heb r o n t o J e r u sal e m and S inj il , ,

a nd o f t he M o u nt ains o f E hraim
p ( S amar ia) fr o m S il l jil t o n e ar
N abl o o s (S heche m) is v isibl e as a w all l ift e d high ab o v e t he J o r
,

dan v all ey ne ar ly fo u r t ho u san d fee t o p p o s it e J e r icho

,
Lo o k ing .

t o w ar d s t he D e ad S ea t he air is full o f haz e l ik e t he I nd ian s um

, ,

mer o r au t u mn haz e in t he Unit e d S t at es

, (I mp e d v o l ii ) . . .
,
. .

L az a r u s R aised ( J ohn xi ) . BETHANY , fr o m t he J e r u sal em

roa d .

As w e v ill age fr o m t he r o ad t o t he s o ca ll e d F o u nt ain

see t his -

o f t he A p o s t l e s it l o o k s l ik e a t hr ift y ho me o f bu s y w o r k e r s
, ,

s u ch a s B e t hl ehem s o u t h o f J e r u sal e m is T he v is it o r fi nd s a .

v e r y d iffer ent p l ace full o f men w ho se o nly o ccu p at io n fat he

, ,

and s o n fo r ce nt u r ie s has b e e n t o gu id e t rav e l e r s and p il gr ims

, ,

t o t he so call e d s acr e d l o cal it ie s

- T he y ar e l ik e a s w ar m o f .

hu n gry (hu man ) b ee s w ho s me ll s ilv er ho ne y and sho w y o u o n e

,

o f many cav es as t he T o mb o f Laz ar u s w it h a fi ne s t ai r w ay o f ,

t w e nt y fi v e s t e p s o f cut st o ne ; t he ho u s e s o f M ar y and M ar t ha
-
,

a n d o f S imo n t he L ep e r ; an d o ffer fo r s al e m any k ind s o f cu r i

o s it ies k eep s ak es ancie nt co ins and no w and t hen a s aint ly

”

, , ,

r e l ic .

S andy s ( 1 6 1 0 ) say s t he C as t l e o f Laz ar u s t he ho u se o f S i ,

mo n t he Le p e r an d a chap e l w er e o n Ol iv e t b et w e e n it s s u m
, ,

mit an d B e t hany Ov er t he v aul t o f Laz ar u s w e r e t w o chap e l s

.
,

w it h a chu r ch ( Hel ena s ) b et w e en an d ne x t t o t hem an abb ey

’
,

bu il t by Q u een M il ise n d The r u ins o f a mo nast e r y t o w hich

.

M ar y r et ir e d w e r e v isibl e and a Temp l e s t oo d o n t he s it e o f

,

M art ha s ho u s e
’
.

G r o v es and o r char d s o f nat iv e fr u it s anda fe w shad e t r ees in ,

cr ease t he att r act iv e n es s o f t he s ce n e r y an d s u gges t t he re fl e ct io n ,

t hat t his mu st an c ie nt ly hav e b ee n t he p e r fect io n o f r e t ir e me nt

fr o m t he bu st l e o f J e r u sal e m .

The v ill age is n o w call e d El A z ar iy eh (Laz ar usv il l e) ; an d it is

We ll name d fo r e v e r y p e r s o n in t he p l ace o l d e no u gh t o t alk
,

see ms d e v o t e d t o co mmemo rat ing t he v ir t u e s o f it s p at r o n s aint .

The co nv e nt s may hav e b ee n r e bu il t o r r e p air e d many t ime s

w it hin t he c e nt u r ie s s inc e t he C r u s ad e s .
 3 44 D E S CR IP TI ON OE T HE E N C R A VI N G S .

The t hr ee u mmit s o f Ol iv et r ise b ehind t he v ill age and shu t

s ,

o u t a v ie w o f J e r u sal e m .

O n t he ro ck s in t he fo r e gr o u nd s o me goat s ar e fee d ing ; al mo st

any day gaz e ll es may b e se e n in l it t l e fl o ck s fee d ing o n t he S l o p e s ,

o r amo ng t he ro ck s ( Imp e d v o l ii ; 8 v o e d v o l ii )
. . .
, . . .
, . .

Ep hr a im . OPHRA H, no w ca l l ed Et T aiy ibeh .

Fo r a d iscuss io n as t o t he i d ent it y of t his p l ace w it h B et hl e

he m of J udaea, B ET HLE HE M
se e .

T he fi e ld s ab o u t it no w u s e d as p ast u r es (s e e t he ne x t p ict u r e)
,

may hav e b ee n t ho se re fe r r e d t o by t he ancie nt w r it e r w hil e t he ,

t e rr ace d d is t r ict east o f t he mo d ern B e t hl e he m co uld no t hav e

b ee n p ast u re d .

A s a p l ace o f r e t ire me nt it was t he n an d is no w al l t hat co uld

b e d e s ir e d in s ce ne ry cl imat e p ro du ct io ns and d ist ance fro m
, , ,

“ he madd in
t g cr o w d ”
I
( p m e d v o l i
. i ) . .
,
. .

MOUNT HERMON ,
fr o m Et Taiyibeh .

This v ie w is no r t h o v er
u nt ry t hat is v ery
a s ect io n o f t he co

l it t l e k no wn Shil o h and Taanach are t o t he l e ft b e hind t he

.
,

s mall t r ees ; J o k me am d ir ect in fro nt and Z ar e t an il l t he G ho r ,

b el o w o ur v isio n b ecause o b st r u ct e d by t he r id ge t hat e nd s in

,

t he cl iff o f S art abe h ; an d B e t h S han an d t he r e gio n ar o u n d t he

S ea o f G al il e e ar e al s o hidd e n I n mid s ummer Her mo n has o nly .

a fr inge o f s no w .
( p
I m . c d, . v ol . ii ).

To wer o f IIip p icu s .

T his ly s qu ar e t o w er is a p art o f t he cit ad e l o f J e ru sal e m

n ear ,

and is w it ho u t d o ub t t he Hip p icu s d e scr ib e d by J o s e hu s as

p
bu il t by He ro d T he fi gu r e in t he p ict u r e is l o o k ing int o t he
.

d ee p d it ch t hat s ep arat es t he cit ad el fr o m t he cit y T he s p ace .

incl o s e d by b at t l e me n t s at t he t o p is n o w u se d as a gu ar d ho u se -

W her e T u r k ish so ld ier s are —o r ar e s u pp o se d t o be —st at io ned

,

a nd co ns t an t ly o n t he w at ch an d t he T u r k is h fl a is d is l ay e d
g p,

o n cer t ain d ay s .

Dr Ed w ar d R o b inso n t ho u ght t hat al l ab o v e t he s l ant had

.

b ee n re bu il t in mo d e r n t imes p ro b ably s ince t he C r u sad es He ,

.

me as u r e d t he st o nes ill t he anc ient b as e me nt and fo u nd t hre e o f ,

t he m 9 fe e t 8 in ches l o n g 4 fe e t 6 inche s w id e 3 fee t 1 0 inche s

, ,
3 46 D ES C R I P TI ON 0 1" TII E E N G R A VI N G S .

int ro du ce d ; an d t his che ap e r o il has d riv e n t he ol d-st yl e l amp s

o ut o f u se , e x ce p t il l o u t -o f-t he -w ay p l ace s .

T his l a mp and j ug w e re l o ane d me by R o b ert M o rr is ,

LL D. .
,

w ho b ro u ght t he m fro m t he Ho ly Land il l 1 86 8 .

(I mp . ed, v o l .
. i)
.

PELLA . A mbit ion s R equ es t f

o J a mes an d J o hn .

Pell a w as at t he no r t h d M achae r u s at t he s o u t h o f a p o l it i
an

cal d ist rict e as t of t he J o r d a n, and il l A rab ia, as d iv id e d u nd e r

t he R o mans . The mo d e r n A r ab v ill age is call e d T ubak at Fahil ,

t he F ahil b e ing A rab ic fo r Pe ll a T hey al so .

p ro no unce t he
ancie nt B el ila
name .

I t is il l a v ery fr u it ful r e gio n w at e r e d w it h b ro o k s an d t he , ,

sce n ery is e x t e ns iv e and v ar ie d T he r o u n d t o p o f M o u nt Tab o r

.

r is es t o t he w e s t and l e ft in t he p ict u r e ; M o u nt He r mo n is in
,

p l ai n v ie w in t he no r t h and J e b e l Osha n ear Es S al t in t he

, ,

s o u t h ; eas t w ar d t he hight s o f G il e ad and b e y o n d t he m J e b el ,

K afk afa shu t o ut the d e se r t o r w ild e r nes s w hich e x t e nd s t o t he

Eu p hrat e s and t he P e r s ian Gul f -
.

Eu se b iu s say s t his cit y w as a r e fu ge o f Chr is t ian s fo r c e nt u

r ie s aft e r t he d e s t r u ct io n o f J e r u sal e m and so me s u p p o s e t he y ,

w ent t he r e becau se t he p l ace had b ee n v is it e d by J esusf ( Imp .

c d, v o l
. . ii )
.

B u r ning D ry G r ass in Ovens ( Luk e x1 1 .

Dry gr ass is u s e d e v e ry w her e il l Pal est ine andA rab ia fo r fu el

t ho r ns t hist l e s and any s mall S hr ub al so w he n t he y can b e
, , ,

had The o v e n is p r imit iv e o r s imp l e in fo r m o f s t o ne and

.
, ,

w he n s mo o t h o n t he o u t s id e s e r v es fo r b ak ing t he t hin cak e s

eat e n by al l as b r e ad w it h me at Lar ger l oav es ar e b ak e d in t he
.

o v en .

W hen t he grass fail s t he du ng o f catt l e is d r ie d an d u se d as

,

fu e l . I n Egy p t and so me p ar t s o f Pal e st ine t he s e fu e l c ak e s -

may b e s ee n s t u ck o n t he w all s o f t he ho use s o n t he su nny s id e , ,

d ry ing agains t a w et day ( I mp c d v o l i ) . . .

, . .

L a bor er s in t he Viney a r d . ENG EDI ( A in J idi) .

Enge d i is al mo st t he ly p l e as ant p l ace o n t he w e st sho re o f

on

t he D d ea S ea . A fe w v ine y ar d s w he r e t her e hav e b ee n hu n

d red s ,
a n u mb er of d es e rt ed gard en p l o ts ar e al l t hat r e main in
-
,
 DES CR I P T I ON OF T HE EN G R A VI N C S .
3 47

a o nce w e ll -t ill e d p l ace V

e r y b e a u t iful fo r S it u at io n fo u r hu l
.
,
l
d re d fe et ab o v e t he D
e ad S ea l e v e l , w at er e d it h ma ny b r o o k s, w
an d ha v ing d ee p so il it w o uld affo r d a ho me for a l arge
a r ic h, ,
.

n u mb er o f ind u st r io u s p e o p l e N o w a fe w B e d a w ins gat he r a .

ar t o f t he gr ap e s and t he b ir d s e at t he r e s t T he gr ap e s ar e
p , .

o v al l ar ge l ight co l o re d an d d e l icio u s in fl av o r
, , p ar t icul arly aft e r
, ,

a l o ng r id e u n d er a ho t su n .

J o s e p hu s me nt io ns b al sam as a p r o du ct at Enge d i and Pl iny ,

w r it e s o f it s p al ms S ince t he fo u r t h ce nt u r y w he n a v ill age

.
,

w as t here no t r av e l e r has e v er r e p o r t e d any bu t B e d a w ins as

,

inhab it ant s N O b al sam o r p al ms ar e t he r e no w

.
( I mp c d . . .
,

v ol . ii ) .

And J esu s ent ere d an d p assed thr oug h J er icho ( Luk e x ix .

)
S ITE OF J ERICHO .

~
A v isit o r
t o t he p r ese nt Ar a (o r b B e d awin) v ill age w ill wo n
de r w hat has e co me o f t he J e r icho
b of t he t ime of J o se p hu s .

He sa y s (Ant .
,
x iv . 4, 1 ; W
) l m t rees w e r e ar s , iv . 8, 3 t hat p a -

abu nd ant ; and S t r ab o al so me nt io ns t he m He w ho sho uld

d e cl are t his p l ace d iv ine w o uld no t be mist ak en w her e in is s u ch ,

p l e nt y o f t r ees p ro du ce d ; n o t any cl imat e in t he hab it abl e gl o b e

”
can b e co mp ar e d t o it B ut t he s t o r y w o uld be w r it t e n d iffe r
.

e nt ly n o w T hir t y y ear s ago a fe w p al ms w e r e l e ft b ut no w

.
,

al l hav e d is ap p e ar e d The bu sy t ho u san d s o f t he d ay s o f t he

.

R o man o ccu p at io n w he n t he fi ne aqu e du ct t hat b r o u ght w at er

,

fro m W ad i K e l t w as bu il t hav e go n e and t he ir p l ace s ar e o cen , ,

p ie d by a fe w d o z e n cho co l at e co l o r e d A r ab s w ho fo r m a p eo p l e
-
,

by t he mse lv e s fo r t hey ar e d iffer ent fro m al l t he Arab s o r B e d

,

a w l u s in Pal e s t ine o r A r ab ia They r ais e w heat by t he he l p o f .

F ell ah l ab o r which t he y hir e and car e fo r a fe w fl o ck s and

, ,

he r d s and sl e ep u nd e r v ine s t r aine d high e x ce p t in t he rainy

, ,

s e aso n w he n t he y cr o w d int o t he ir p o o r ly bu il t ho uses mad e

, ,

fr o m ancie nt mat e r ial s l o o se ly p il e d up o r w it h mu d b r ick s un , ,

bu r ne d r o o fed w it h gr as s and s t o ne s
, .

T he Pl ain o f J e r icho is t he ho t t e s t p l ace o n e ar th T he r e gist e r .

° °
fo r A u gu st is 1 7 8 in t he su n fro m 1 1 A M t o 3 P M 1 2 0 in . . . .

t he s had e is mo d e r at e .

O n t he hill s al o n g t he W a d i K e l t t her e is S p ring w e at her t he

ea r r o u nd ; no sco r ching su n n o fr o st
y ,
.
3 48 D E S CR I P T I ON OP T HE EN G R A VI N G S .

O ur v iew co mb in es
gl imp s e o f a p o o l b e l o
a t he El isha F o u n w
t ain, an d t he o l d co nv e nt o f S aint J o hn, ne ar e r t he J o r d an R iv e r .

T his mu s t hav e b ee n a de l ight ful r es id e nce in it s b es t d ay s It s .

w all s w er e t hick e no u gh t o mo d e rat e t he heat o f t he su n and it s ,

l ard er co uld hav e b een s u p p l ie d w it h al l t hat is d es ir abl e fo r t he

t abl e .

In t he d ist ance t he D ead S e a is v is ibl e ; and b ey o nd it t o t he ,

l e ft amo ng t he mo u nt ains is M o u nt Pisgah as id e nt ifi ed by R e v

, , , .

J A Paine t he ar chaeo l o gis t o f t he A me r ican Pal e st ine Ex p l o

. .
,

r at i o n ; and in t he same r e gio n he fo u n d w hat is call ed t he

S p r ings o f M o se s .

A cce p t ing w hat J o s e p hu s say s ab o u t t he fe r t il it y o f J e r icho it ,

is no t imp r o b abl e t hat it may y e t b e co me a r es o rt fo r heal t h and

l e as u r e s e e k e r s w hich W l l l b e p o ssibl e w it ho u t t he gre at fat igu e
p
-
,

no w r e qu ir e d w he n t he rail r o ad t hat is p r o j ect e d in Pal es t ine is

,

bu il t To il l v al ids w it h w eak lu ngs t he cl imat e o n t he hill s

.
,

w est o f J e rl c ho mu st be d es ir abl e if n o t e nt ir e ly salub r io u s ; fo r ,

t he he at is ne v e r int en se an d fr o s t is u nk no w n It has b ee n
,
.

d es cr ib e d as a r egio n o f p er p et u al sp r ing o r fall ( I mp cd . . .

,

vol . ii ; 8 v o
. e d, v o l
. . ii ).

Tr iump ha l Entry f Chr is t

o int o J er u sa l em .

T HE R O A D B ET HA N Y T o J ER US A L EM w hich p asses o v e r
FRO M ,

t he so u t her n s ho uld e r o f Ol iv e t b e t w e e n t he s u mmit w hich l ie s ,

o v er t he s o call e d T o mb s o f t he Pr o p he t s and t hat call e d t he

-

M o u nt o f Offe nce is no w t he u su al r o u t e o f caravans and al l

,

l ar ge p ar t ie s and was p ro b ably so ancie nt ly fo r t he o t her t w o

, ,

ar e s t ee p e r ( S ee M at t x xi M ar k x i Luk e x ix J o hn x l i and
. . .
, .
,
.

, .
,

t he p l an o f J e r u sal e m ) .

F r o m t his r o ad t he fi rs t gl imp se o f t he cit y and t he so u t he ast

co r ne r o f t he Te mp l e is had fr o m t he hi h
g gr o u nd a l itt l e mo r e
, ,

t han a mil e w e s t o f B e t hany T he r o ad t hen d e sce nd s a s l ight .

( l e cl iv it
y an d t h e cit y is hid b e hind a r id e o f O l iv e t A fe w
, g .

s t e p s far t he r o n t he p at h r ise s s t ee ly t o a s mo o t h r o ck and t he

p , ,

w ho l e cit y and T e mp l e S it e co me int o p l ain v ie w as s een in t he ,

v ie w o f J e r u sal e m fro m t he B e t hany ro ad On no o t her r o u t e .

can t he r e qu ir e me nt s o f t he t e x t b e fulfill e d T his is al mo s t .

t he o nly s p o t o n Ol iv e t n o t mar k e d by a chur ch o r cha e l and

p ,

ab o u t t he o nly
p l ace w ho se s it e is
p re cisely ind icat e d in t he t ex t
o f t he G o s e l s
p .
 3 50 D E S CR I P TI ON OF T HE EN C R A VI N O S .

on a ny ne w fact s or mat er ial s which add t o w hat is giv e n by

J o s ep hu s .

It may be tr ue ,
as it is c ailme d , t hat t he d escrip t io n o f w hat is
ca ll e d S o l o mo n s Te mp l e ’
in t he Ol d T es t ame nt and in J o s e p hu s
r eally b e l o ngs t o He r o d s Ex cav at io n has no t y et re v e al e d t he
’
.

l a n no r e v e n o ne id e nt ifi a bl e s t o ne o f e it he r w all o r fo u nd at io n
p ,
.

M r Fe r guss o n s p l a n is t he res ul t o f a v as t amo u nt o f s t udy

.
’

by a t ho ro u gh and p ainst ak ing s cho l ar (I mp e d v o l i ; 8 v o . . .

, . .

e d, v o l
. . i) .

The B ar r e n F i -t e e
g r . FIG A ND LEA VES .

F igs —t he t re e d t he fr u it
u s e d by b o t h p o et s and
an — ar e

r o s e w r it e r s il l t he B ibl e I n t h e s t o r y o f t he e x p ul s io n fr o m
p
-
.

Parad is e in t hat o f t he S p ie s in t he p r o mise d l and in t he

, ,

d escr ip t io ns o f t he l and by M o se s and in t he B ibl e ge ne rally , ,

t he fi g is us e d as a mar k o f fr u it ful ness .

It was a p r o s p e ro u s t ime w he n e v e ry man d w e l t s afe ly u nd e r ,

his v ine and his fi g t re e I n J e r e miah t he fi g is an e mbl e m o f

-
.

go o d o r ev il and t he t w e n t y fo u r t h chap t er is a v is io n o f go o d
-
,

an d bad fi gs .

The fi g is o ft en d in t he d isco u r ses

us e of J es u s .

The fi g gr o w s nat u r ally al l ar o u nd t he M e d it e r rane an and

k ind s —gr e en and
,

eas t war d in A r ab ia an d Pe r s ia The t w o

l —are b o t h d el icio u s in t he ir seaso n
.

p ur p e . The t r ee r e qu ir e s
c ul t iv at io n and s o o n fail s if ne gl ect e d
, ( I mp . . e d,
. v ol . i) .

Washing F eet in t he E a st ( J ohn

T he w ashing of t he han d s
d fe e t is a n e ce ssar y cu s t o m an

whe r e p eo p l e e at fr o m a co mmo n d ish, and hel p t he ms e l v e s by

d ip p ing t he fi nge rs in t he mess, and al so s it o n a d iv an w it h b are
fe e t ; and it is a s p ec ial ho no r w he n t he ho st hims e l f se r v e s his

gu es t I t is o ne o f t he r it e s o f ho s p it al it y ; b u t it may be, and

.

u s u ally is, d o ne by a ser v ant , o r if in a p o o r family, by t he w ife

or t he d au ght er s .

The w at er is p o u r ed on t he han ds fr o m a e w er . Per fu me d

s o ap s and w at e u se d by lux ur io u s m d, v ol ii )
r ar e t he .
( p
I . e . . .

G et hs emane . Ol d Ol iv e Tr ees in t he P l a ce now ca l l ed t he

G a r den of G e t hs emane .

W he n w e k n o w fr o m hist o r y t hat t he R o mans cut do w n al l t he

t r e es ar o u n d J e r u sal e m, in t he S ie ge u n d e r T it u s , w e may w e ll b e
 DE S CR I P TI ON OF T HE E N G R A VI N G S . 3 51

su r p r ise d at l m o f t he mo nk s t hat t he e ight o l d t ree s in

t he c ai

t he l it t l e p l ace call e d t he G ar d e n o f G e t hs e man e ar e r e ally s u r

v iv al s fr o m t he nig ht w he n Pe t e r d e nie d a nd b e t r ay e d his M ast e r

—t hat is t o say fro m ab o u t fo rt y y e ars b efo re t hey w e re cut

,
,

d o wn .

T he o l iv e l iv e s t o a gr eat age One b e t we e n T ivo l i and Pal e s

.

t r ina has a hist o ry if ce r t ain d o cu me nt s ar e ge nu ine d at ing fr o m

, ,

b e fo re t he Chr ist ian e ra and is l iv ing and fr u it ful no w A t

, .

A t he ns an O l iv e w as fo r me r ly sho w n t hat w as at l e ast s ix t ee n

c e nt u r ie s o l d .

It s o il was o nce t he gr e at s t ap l e in Pal e st ine A s a fo o d it .

is y et ; b ut t he l amp is s u p p l ie d w it h k er o sene .

T w o har v e st s ar e gat he r e d — o ne in A u gu st and t he o t her in

, ,

Oct o b er The b e st o il is s qu e ez e d fr o m t he r ip e fr u it by han d

.
,

t he se co nd qu al it y is t r o d o ut and t he t hir d p r e s se d in an ,

o il -p r ess .

w
The p o e t s said J u p it er cro ne d himsel f it h o l iv e l eav e s aft er w
his v ict o r y o v er t he T it an s and t he o l iv e w as t he c ro n at t he w
O ly mp ic G ame s ,
an l w ay s b ee n an e mbl em o f p eace
d it has a .

The l ocat io n o f t he G ar d e n in t he p r e s e nt p l ace ho w e v er arb i ,

t r ary has no t call e d o u t any s e v e r e cr it icis m ; b e cau se if any

,

w he re o h t he w e st sl o p e o f Ol iv et facing J e r u sal e m and no t t o o ,

far fr o m t he b ro o k K id r o n it w o uld mee t al l t he r e qu ir eme nt s o f

, ,

t he t e x t in t he G o sp e l s .

T he w o r d “ “
G et hse mane means o il p ress ; and t her e w as -

ro b a bly s u ch a t hin i n t h e gar d e n r e fe r r e d t o by t he w r it e r s

p g .

N o w t he n u mb er o f t r e es an d qu ant it y o f fr u it in t hat an d ne igh

b o r ing gar d e ns w o uld no t k ee p a p r ess bu sy .

W hen I fi r st s aw t he p l ace it w as o p e n t o al l v is it o r s W it ho u t ,

fe n ce o r s e at s l ik e any o r d in ar y o r char d o f o l iv es
, O il t he se c .

o nd v is it it w as said t hat so me o n e o f t he Lat in mo nk s had d is

c o v er e d s o me ho w t hat t his l a ce is t h e t r u e s it e o f G e t hse mane
p ,

and it w as fe nce d in w it h a v e r y l o w an d p r imit iv e p al ing T he .

t hir d v isit fo u nd a se r ie s o f p r ay e r s t at io ns r o u ghly mark e d o ut

-

by st ak e s o r cr o s se s T he G r e ek s had aw ak e ne d t o t he imp o r
.

t an ce o f t he s it u at io n an d s el e ct e d a s it e s o me w hat fart he r u p
,

t he v all e y which t hey ins ist e d O il as t he o nly t r u e S it e

, .

A fo u r t h v is it w as a s u r p r ise T he gard e n w as w all e d in by

.

s t o n e e ight o r t e n fe e t high w it h a s in gl e d o o r w hi ch w as o nl v
, ,

o p e ne d by s p ecial s ilv e r
) r e qu e s t ; i n s id e t he p ray e r s t at io ns
( -
3 52 D E S CRI P TI ON OF T HE E N C R A VI N OS .

w e e w ell bu il t niches o o fe d o ve ; andt he gar d e n was beau t iful

r -
,
r r

w it h fl o we b e d s and g av e l w alk s and p l easant w it h shad e and

r- r ,

co mfo r t abl e s e at s u n d er t he e ight o l d o l iv e t r ee s .

One t ho u ght is p e r t ine nt here This gard en is b es id e t he o nl y

.

easy p at h b e t w e e n t he c it y and t he v ill age o n t he t o p o f O l iv e t ,

an d uld no t hav e b e e n a r e t ir e d p l ace I t se e ms l ik ely t he

co .

mo nk s hav e ad o p t e d it fo r co nv e n ie nce ; fo r it is ne ar t he V ir gin s ’

t o mb ( o r S e p ul che r o f S aint M ar y ) and o n t he w ay t o t he C hu r c h ,

o f t he As ce ns io n an d t he r e fo re go o d e no ugh fo r p r ese nt p ur o s e s
, p .

( I mp . c d,
. v ol . ii
. 8v o c d,
. v ol . ii ) .

A cel dama . To mbs in Hinnom .

The Tal mud info r ms t he J e w s t hat “ in

t he v all ey of Hinno m
ar e t wo p a m t r e e sl et e en b w w hich a s mo ke ar ise s ; and t his is
w hat w e ear n, l t he p al ms — of t he mo u nt ain ar e fi t fo r ir o n .

T his is t he d o o r o f G e he nna .
”

T he p al ms hav e p er ished O nly a fe w s mall shr ub s a nd fl o w e r s

.

gr o w ne ar t he t o mb s w hich a re cut int o t he r o ck

,
I t co uld .

n e v e r hav e b e e n a fi t p l ace fo r d w e ll ings ; fo r t he s id es o f t he

all e y ar e v e r y st eep an d r o cky and il l t he r ainy s e aso n t he w at e r

,

w ashes in t o rr e nt s d o w n t he s id e s and al o ng t he channel mak ing ,

v e ry insecu r e fo o t ing amo ng t he l o o s e st o nes o r o n t he b are

r o ck s .

The t o mb s are in t he face o f w hat is call e d The Hill o f Ev il

Co u nse l and The S t e e p S10 p e o f Z io n
“
Lo w e r d o w n t he v al
” ”
.

l ey e nl arges a l it t l e and co nt ains a cl ay be d and s o me gar d e n s

,

w at er e d fro m t he S il o am Po o l and a fe w o l ive t re e s Her e t r a

, .

d it io n l ocat es Ace ld ama and a whit e d sep u l che r w it h a D o r ic

,

p o rt al cut in t he face o f t he r o ck is call e d T he A p o st l e s Hid ing ’

”
Pl ace , in w hich t hey ar e said t o hav e r e maine d b et w e e n t he
c r u c ifix io n and t he r e s u r r ect io n The t re e o n w hich J ud as is .

s aid t o ha v e hange d hims e l f is ne ar a nd hi h e no u h t o e ns u re a

g g ,

d ange ro u s if no t a fat al p l unge t o t he r o cky fl o o r b el o w

, , .

T he t o mb s in Hin no m ar e w e ll bu il t o r e x cav at e d and ar e , ,

v e ry s p acio u s ; o ne in p ar t icul ar has fo u r o r fi v e chamb er s each ,

w it h many recesses fo r b o d ies (I mp cd v o l ii ) . . .

, . .
3 54 D E S CR I P TI ON OF THE EN C R A VI N G S .

I n Pe r s ia an d in I nd ia it has b e en gro wn fro m t ime im

memo r ial .

T he Heb re w name is Rimmo n, an d se v e r a l p l ace s ar e so

n ame d .

It s r in d is use d in t anning t he k ind o f l eat her call e d M o ro cco ,

fo r me r ly mad e at Co r d o v a whe n t he M o o rs w e r e in S p ain ( Imp . .

c d,
. v ol . ii ) .

Cr u cifix ion . J er u sa l em f r om the N or t heast . S COPUS . MIZ PEH .

T his v ie w co mp r ise s many int eres t ing hist o r ical and t r ad it io nal
s it e s B e ginning o n t he l e ft t he w hit e bu ild ing is t he Chap e l o f
.
,

t he Pr e d ict io n ; a bo v e it o n t he ho r iz o n t he F r an k M o u nt a in ;
b el o w t o w ar d s t he cit y t he so call e d Ab sal o m To mb o r Pill ar ;
, ,
-

b et w e e n t hese t w o t he w hit e st o ne s o f t he t o mb s no w u se d as d w e l
l ings and call e d t he S il o am v ill age ; t he Po o l o f S il o am w ill be
,

b ey o nd o r b ehind t he A b sal o m Pill ar En R o ge l b ehind o r be ,

y o n d t he Chap e l o f Pre d ict io n t he Vir gin F o u nt ain a l it t l e t o ,

t he r ight o f t he A b s al o m Pill ar t he M o u nt o f Offe nce b ehin d ,

t he Chap e l o f Pr e d ict io n ; t he s qu ar e bu ild ing is a mo d e r n r e s i

d ence and ne ar it t o t he r ight ar e G et hse mane and t he To mb o f
,

t he V ir gin ; o v er t he l e ft co r ne r o f t he cit y w all in t he d is t ance

ar e M ar Ely as R ache l s T o mb and B e t hl e he m no t v is ibl e ; t he
’
, , ,

fi rst bu ild ing t o t he r ight o f t he co rner o f t he w all is t he mo s k

El A k sa bu il t by t he Cr u sad e r s o v e r it a l it t l e t o t he l eft o n t he
,

d ar k r id ge is t he Ho u se o f Caiap has t o t he r ight o f El Ak sa t he

l arge d o me is t he D o me o f t he R o ck fo rme rly a G ree k Chu rch ; t o ,

t he r ight o f t his b ey o n d t he cit y is t he s o call e d t o mb o f D av id -

(caz nacu l u m) o n Z io n ne ar it t o t he r ight Ar me nian Pal ace Co l , ,

l e ge and C hu rch o f S aint J ame s ; ne x t is t he D av id To w er o r

, ,

Hip p ic us ; He ar it t he Engl ish C hu r ch ; n ear t hat t o r ight Chu r ch , ,

o f t he Ho ly S e ul chr e ; n e x t t he G r e e k C o n v e nt
p ; t he n Lat in ,

Pat r iarch s p al ace and chu rch ; t he n t he no r t hw e st co r ne r o f t he

’

cit y ; o v e r a nd b e o nd t his t he R u ss ian Co nv e nt co n s ul at e

y , , ,

ho s p it al and chu r ch ; t he gat e in t he w all u nd er El A k s a is t he

,

G o ld e n ; t he ne x t t o the r ight is t he S aint S t ep he n ; o v er it t he

t o w e r mark s t he G o v e r no r s Ho u se ; t he gat e in t he d ar k c it y w all
’

is t he D a mascu s ; t he J affa G at e is ne ar t he D av id To w er ; t he
high mo u nt ain o v e r t he D av id T o we r is t he s it e o f Ur t as and
S o l o mo n s Po o l s ; o u t s id e o f t he D amas cu s G at e is o ne l o cat io n
’
 DES CR I P TI ON OF THE EN G R A VI N G S .
3 55

of Calv ar y , u t sid e t he S t ep he n G at e is ano t her and a t hir d

o ,

u nd e r t he Ho ly S ep ul chre C hu rch and a fo u rt h u nd e r t he D o me ,

o f t he R o ck and a fi ft h o n t he mo u nt o u t s id e o f t he S ain t
,

S t e p hen G at e ; t he K id r o n V all ey o r J e ho s hap hat is b e t w e e n t he

cit y and O l iv e t ; and t he gr o u p o f A r ab s and came l is o n o r near

t he p l ace call e d S co p u s M iz p e h ”
or .

Calv ar y o r G o l go t ha ( gu l go l t a o r gu l go l eth) w as t he p l ace ,

“ ”
c al l e d a s kull o u t s id e b u t near t he
gat e o f t he city o n a r o ad ,

o n which t he r e w e r e p as s e r s by t o and fr o m t he co u nt ry and it

-
,

w as p r o b ably t he o r d inar y p l ace fo r e x e c u t io n s T he r e is no .

o t he r e v id e nce t han a t r ad it io n o f t he mo nk s t hat it w as “ a

mo u nt ”
o r hill o f any k ind a l t ho u gh s o me t hink t he t e r m
,
“
s kull
”
means a s kull s hap e d hill o ck s u ch as t he o ne call e d
- ”
,

t he G ro t t o o f J e r e miah no r t h o f t he D amascu s G at e .

A no t he r t r ad it io n (o f t he T al mud ) s ay s t hat A d am w as bu r ie d
o n what w as aft e r w ar d s name d G ul go l t a and t he mo nk s im

p r o v e d o u t hat by add ing t hat w he n t he R o man s p e ar d r e w bl o o d

fro m t he S id e o f J e s u s t he d r o p s fe ll o n t he grav e p e ne t rat e d t o
, ,

t he s kull and by it s p o w e r r e st o r e d l ife t o t he fi rs t man o n t he

,

s p o t w he nce t he eart h w as t ak e n o f w hich his b o dy w as fo r me d .

I n me mo r y o f t his t hey m ar k e d a s p o t “
t he p l ace o f A d am s
’

s kull
”
in t he Chur ch o f t he Ho ly S e p ul chr e The S e p ul chr e is .

l o cat ed o u t s id e o f t he Saint S t ep he n Gat e and l o w do wn in t he

K id ro n v all ey no t far fr o m and no r t h o f G et hse mane as l o cat ed
, ,

by t he Lat ins ( Imp cd v o l ii ; 8 v o ed v o l ii )

. . .
,
. . .
, . .

A scension . Ol iv et n ear B e t hany .

Ol iv et , or t he M o u nt of Ol iv es, st i ll is wo rt hy t he name , fo r it
is d o t t e d al l o v e r wit h o l iv e t r ee s and he r e and t he r e are o r char d s
,

o r gr o v e s S ince t he d ay s o f Eu se b iu s (A D 3 24 ) it has b ee n t he
. . .

t r ad it io nal s it e o f t he A sce ns io n ( De m Ev Lib VI 0 1 8 ; Vit . .

, . . . .

C o n st .
,
Lib II I
. . e .

T he who l e mo u nt w it h it s t hr ee s u mmit s fr o m near t he c it y to

as far B et hany is s ho w n in
as t he V ie w , w hich ans w e r s t he de
man d o f t he t e x t in Luk e ( xx iv .

D iff e r e nt int e r p r et at io ns p of d
t he t e t
oor t o x of Luk e o en t he
co nj e ct u r e as t o t he s it e o f t he A sce n s io n w hich has b e e n l o cat e d ,

o n t he s u mmit w he r e t he l it t l e o ct ago n c hap e l s t an d s an d al so ,

any w he re d o w n t he S l o p e as far as t o B e t hany as t he t e x t s ay s ,

.
3 56 D E S CR IP T I O N OF THE EN GR A VI N G S .

A chap e l o f so bu il t by R ussians st and s a l it tl e w ay

l id s t o n e, ,

d o w n t he S l o p e fro m t he s u mmit T he fl oo r is in mo saic o f .

s mall c ub es o f s t o ne o f many t int s ar r ange d in p a t t e r ns and ,

images o r p ict u r es o f t he s e v e ral e mbl e ms o f t he fait h N o o t he r .

s t r u ct u r e o f any k ind is o r e v e r ha s b ee n bu il t if t he ab s e nce o f ,

found at io ns o r r u ins is an e v id e nce b et we e n t he R u ss ian c hap e l ,

a nd B et hany T he v ie w e ast war d fr o m Ol iv e t is e l se w he r e

.

i v e n T h e s o u t h v ie w is mo r e int e r e s t ing in his t o r ic s it e s bu t

g .
,

no t co nne ct e d w it h o ur s ubj e ct S e e J er usal e m f ro m t he N o r t h

.

e as t
,
fo r a p ar t o f t he s o u t h v ie w .

In l o o k ing o v e r t he hist o ry o f O l ive t in t he Chr is t ian ages it

ap p ear s t hat t he B o rd e aux Pil gr im in A D 3 3 3 did no t l e ar n o f . .

any t rad it io n o f t he A s ce n s io n o n O l iv e t b ut s ay s a chu r ch bu il t ,

“
by Co nst ant e s t o o d t
in her e t o mar k t he p l ace w here o ur Lo rd
u se d t o t each h s d iscip l es and e all d s t o a M o u nt o f
i h u e
,
“

Tr ans fi gu r at io n near —p r o b ably meaning o ne o f t he no r t he r n

”
,

s u mmit s o f Ol iv et .

T hr ee hu n d re d and s e v e nt y y ear s l at er (60 3 ) t he bu ild ing s e e n

by t he Pil grim had b ee n d is p l ace d by t he r o u nd chu r ch o f
M o d e s t u s andt he t rad it io n o f t he Asce nsio n had b eco me fix e d
,

o n t he s u mmit o f Ol iv e t n e ar e s t t he cit y A cav e w as t he n .

s ho wn a l it t l e no r t h o f B e t hany as t he o ne in w hic h J es u s

t au ght his ap o s t l e s and d iscip l e s .

The s p u r o f Ol iv e t t hat e nd s n e ar o r at t he v ill age o f B e t hany

is adv o cat e d by many no w as t he t r u e s it e o f t he A sce ns io n and ,

t his is s ho w n o n t he r ight o f t he p ict u r e j u s t o v e r t he l ight

t rees .

T he p r e se nt u
ch r c h, w hich is t he t hir d o r fo u r t h
u cce sso r o f s

t he o r iginal —w he t he r t hat w as bu il t by Co nst ant ine o r He l e na

his mo t her —
,

is p io u sl y cr e d it e d t o t he Emp r e ss Hel e na
, G re at .

n a me s add a ce r t ain lu st r e t o mat e r ial as w e ll as t o o l it ical

p
t hings S o in t his chu r ch o f imp e rial o r igin t he r e w as sho w n a
.

fe w y ear s ago a l itt l e du st fro m t he gro u n d o n w hich J e s u s st o o d

at t he mo me nt o f his asce nsio n
; an d so me t ime l at e r t he du s t
had b e c o me a st o ne w it h a s ingl e fo o t r int and t he
p p r int o f t he ,

s t aff he ld in t he Lo r d s hand
; and no w w e ar e inv it e d t o l o o k
’

re v e r e nt ly int o t he
p r int s o f t w o fee t an d o f a st aff in t he s o l id
n at iv e r o ck u nd er the d o me o f t he w o nd er ful l it t l e chu rch
, .

T he s e s acr e d fo o t p r int s re min d t he st u de n t o f co m ar at iv e my t h

p
o l o y o f o t he r s acr e d fo o t r int s
g p w hich are chisell e d o n t he
,
3 58 D ES CR IP TI O N op THE E N GR A VI N G S .

an imp o r t ant p l ace du r ing t he C r u sad e s ; an d it s l arge fo u nt ain, a

mil e or mo r e so uth ,
w as t he bo t h
ren d ez vo u s fo r t he ar mie s,
C hr is t ian and S ar ace n T he t o mb o f t he ce l e b r at e d R abb i J ud ah
.
,

Hak k o de sh w as s e e n by B e nj a min o f T ud el a A r u in o n t he hill

,
.

mar k s t he s it e o f a chu r ch d e d icat e d t o t he S aint s J ames and ,

A nna t he p ar e nt s o f t he V ir gin M ary

, ( e ho u s e o f S aint
T h .

A nne at J e r u sal e m is o ne o f t he s ac r e d l o cal it ie s ne ar t he

, ,

S t e p he n G at e ) T he G r ee k s hav e u s e d a p ar t o f t he r u in as a
.

c ha p e l no t l o n g s inc e a nd t he y t ell man y s t o r ie s o f w o n d e r ful

,

w o r k s in co nn e ct io n w it h a p ict ure o f S aint G e o rge w hich has ,

d isap p eare d .

M o u nt He r mo n is in p l ain v ie w but t he d ar k r id ge o f Hat t in ,

an d t he hight s o f S afe d hid e it s b as e ; an d al so Lak e Hul e h an d

t he no r t h e n d o f t he S ea o f G al il e e T he mo u nt ain has it s w int e r .

r o bes o n . I n t he V ie w fro m Et Taiy ibe h (Ep hr aim) t he s u mme r

as p e ct is s ho w n T he p l ain o f B u t t au f t he ancie nt Z e bul o n is
.
, ,

v er y r ich in s o il and b eau t iful w it h fl o w er s It s fi e ld s o f grain .

r o mis e o f w e al t h w hich is no t al w ay s fulfill e d

g i ve
p ; fo r t he
B ed aw in and t he t ax gat her e r ar e b o t h insat iabl e
-
.

J o s e p hu s (Life 6 7 ) s ay s he p r act ise d a st rat agem agains t t he

,

G al il e ans at S e p p ho r is t o s av e it fr o m p ill age The s it e is al l .

t hat w o uld b e r e qu ir e d fo r s u ch a r u se ; fo r t he hill o n w hich t he

r u in s s t an d is r o u nd e d an d a co mp any at o n e e nd w o uld hav e
,

n o k n o w l e d ge o f ano t he r at t he O pp o s it e e n d o r s id e o f t he hill o r

cit y w all .
(Imp e d v o l ii )
. .
, . .

The Ap o s t l es B et hany East

’
F o u nt ain , n ea r .

A l it t l e mo r e t han a mil e
B e t hany o ve r a r o ad t hat is
eas t of ,

v er y s t ee p and s t o ny at t he fo o t o f a hill is a she l t er o f st o ne

, ,

w o rk ar che d o v e r a fo u nt ain w hich r ece iv e s w at e r fr o m a S p r ing

,

a fe w hu nd r e d fee t a w ay in a ho ll o w o f t he hill This is call e d .

“ T he F o u nt ain o f t he A o s t l e s ” T r ad it io n s ay s t he y o ft e n
p .

t ar r ie d t he r e fo r d r in k r e s t and co n v e r sat io n ,
The ap o s t l e s
,
.

hav e t he ir imit at o r s in t his c u s t o m if in n o t hing e l s e amo ng al l , ,

so rt s o f eo l e w ho t r av e l e a s t w ar d fr o m El K o o ds
p p .

The w at e r is s w e e t an d abu n d ant an d t he v er du e al o n g t he ,

r

l it t l e b r o o k is b r ight gree n and v e r y luxu r ian t ; F l o w e r s in great

v a ie t y b eau t ify t he l it t l e o as is T he w at e r fr o m t his sp r ing
r .
‘

fl o w s d o w n t he go rge t hat l e ad s by t he sit e o f t he t r ad it io nal I nn

 DES CR I P TI ON OF T HE EN G RA VI N GS . 3 59

of t he Goo dS amar it an ; and t he r o ad is s had e d in so me p l aces

by gr e at r o ck s o r c l iffs , w he r e r o bb e r s s t ill l ie in w ait . Tho se
w ho p ay t r i t e t o t he Sha bu yk o f t he B ed aw ins o f J er icho ar e n o t
mo e s t e l d
O t he r s ar e r e
. ir e qu d t o l e nd a fe w t hings t o o ur u ncl e
“

in t he d e se r t ”
.

Ther e ar e n o mar k s
qu it y ab o u t t he fo u nt ain al t ho u gh
o f ant i ,

t he w at e r may hav e fl o w e d t he r e fo r many ages T he st o n es ar e .

s mall and bu il t u p in mo d e r n st yl e T he p o o l is s p acio u s — p e r

hap s t e n o r t w e lv e fee t acr o s s —
.
,

but s hall o w S andy s ( 1 6 1 0 A D

,
. . .
,

p 1 6 9 ) say s t he A p o st l es F o u nt ain in his day w as high u p o n

’
.
, ,

t he s l o p e o f O l iv e t b e t w e e n B e t hany and J e r usal e m

, ( I mp . .

e d, . v ol . ii .
)

G er sa on the S ea f G a l il ee ( Matt
o . v iii .

B e t w e e n t he co nfl ict ing st at e me nt s o f M at t he w ( v iii w ho .

say s G e r ge s a an d M ar k ( v ,
w ho has G ad ar a and v ar io u s r ead
.
,

in gs o f t ho s e t w o an d o f L uk e ( v iii w hich giv e G e r esa co m .

,

me nt at o r s hav e hal t e d in u t t e r inab il it y t o fix o n t he s it e o f t he

e v e nt o f t he s w in e r u s hin g int o t he s ea F r o m Or igen d o w n t o .

t he p re s e nt n o o ne has o ffe r e d a so lu t io n o f t he p u z z l e u nt il D r ,
.

W H Tho ms o n (Land an d B o o k ii 3 4 ) s u gge st e d t he s it e a

. .
,
.

v ie w o f which is e ngr av e d in t his w o r k .

The Ar ab s call t he p l ace K er s a o r G e r sa and M r Tho mso n ,

.

id e nt ifi e s it w it h t he an cie nt G e r ge sa and he w o uld so co rr ect ,

t he r ead ing o f t he t e x t o f t he o t he r S y n o p t ics .

The s it e o f t he cit y o r v ill age r at he r fo r it is no t l ar ge is ,

v er y fav o r abl e fo r scener y and high e no u gh ab o v e t he l ak e t o

,

giv e e x t e n s iv e v ie w s The W ho l e co u nt r y eas t o f t he S e a o f

.

G al il e e is a s o r t o f p ar ad is e fo r ho gs as so me o f t he name s ind i ,

c at e T e l e l K hanz ir ( R u in o f B o ar v il l e ) is a w e ll k no w n l o cal it y
.
-

a fe w mil e s e ast o f t he s it e o f G ers a

( Imp ed v o l ii ) . . .
,
. .

S ending f or t h t he S ev enty . HAROS HETH ,

fro m C ar mel .

Thisv ie w is in t he p ass a hal f mil e so u t heast o f t he cast l e

c all e d by t he A r ab s Har o t hieh w hich is he ld t o be t he Har o
”
,

s he t h o f t he G e nt il e s allud e d t o in t he s t o r y o f D e b o r ah B ar ak
, , ,

an d S is era in t he Bo o k o f J ud e s i
g ( v 13 .
,

A p ar t o f t he p l ain o f Es d r ae l o n is s e e n in t he d ist ance, and

t o t he l eft t he mo u nt ain t o p s o v e r N az ar e t h .
 3 00 D E S C R I P TI O N OF TII E E N G R A VI N G S .

The p as s at t he cast l e is o n ly b e t e e n o ne hu n d r e d and t wo w

hu nd r e d fe e t w
id e, fo r b o t h r iv e r an dro ad ; ne ar and at t he s it e
of Har o s he t h w hich is o n a d o ubl e
,
hill , ar e t he re mains of w all s ,

fo u nd at io ns , and d i tche s w hich s ho

t hat t he p ace at o ne t ime w l
mu s t hav e b ee n o f gr eat s t r e ngt h and m i it ar imp o r t ance , as l y
co mman d ing t he r o ad by K is ho n w hich was t he nat ural w ay
int o t he p l ain o f Es d rae l o n .

The mo d e r n v ill age is o n t he o t he r s id e o f t he r iv e r a l it t l e ,

w ay so u t he as t .

A ny o ne o n t he w ay t o A cr e fr o m S amar ia o r fu r t he r s o u t h , ,

w o uld nat u r ally t ak e t his ro u t e as d irect and avo id ing t he hill

co u nt ry
( I m p
. e d v o l ii ) . .
,
. .

L ak e f G ennesar et h
o .

In t he B oo k of M accab ees it is G e naso r, an d G e nnes ar ; in t he

Ol d T e s t ame nt it w as C i nn e r o t h, an d Chinne r e t h ; and in t he

N e w T es t ame nt G enne sare t

v ar ie d t he G re e k . The Heb r e w s
fo r m o f t he name t o G e e n e so r T he A r ab s say B ahr T u bar iy e h .
,

w hich is t heir r end ering o f t he R o man name Lak e o f T ib e r ias , .

N e ar ly al l o f t he p ubl ic l ife o f J e s u s is l aid in t he v ic init y o f

t his l ak e at a t ime w he n acco r d ing t o J o s e p hu s an d t he e v id e nce
, , ,

o f t he many r u ine d s it e s o f t o w ns a v e ry n u me ro u s p o p ul at io n ,

l iv e d o n it s sho r es .

T he l ak e is o f s wee t w at er fo u r t e e n mil es l o ng by s ix and o ne ,

hal f w id e an d is o v al in s hap e
,
The s u r face o f t he w at e r is 6 82 .

fee t b e l o w t he o ce an l ev e l S no w is s e e n v e r y s e ld o m and t he .
,

cl imat e is al mo st t r o p ical The sho r e is grav elly and s cat t e r e d

.
,

p r o fu se ly w it h s mall s p ir al she ll s O l e an d e r s w ho se shad e .

measu r es o ne hu n d r e d fe et d iame t er abo u n d in t he v icinit y .

( mp
I . e d, . v ol i ; 8v o
. e d, . v ol . i)
.

P ap y r us R eeds in t he M ar s h f Hu l eh
o .

T he Hul eh is o nly a bo ut a mil e acr o s s t he Op e n w at e r , an d is

t hr ee-s i d ed , t he p o in t t o t he so ut h . T he mar s h is m u ch w id er
and is full of
p ap y r u s ( bab ee r ) r e e d s, ho se r o o t s fo r m masse s w
t hat fl o at on w at er o f u nce r t ain d e t h
p F r o m t he dry l an d t o .

t he r ee d s t he b o ggy s w amp
d w it h w at er l il ies ( N up ha r is sp o t t e -

l u t ea and N y mp hce a a l ba ) and many o t he r fl o w e r s ; b ut t he in

,

t er es t and gl o r y o f t he mar s h is t he t r u e Egy p t ian p ap y r u s ( P .

a nt i u ra m
q ) aw hich fo r ms a miniat u r e fo r es t o f b r o o ms amo n
, g ,
 3 62 D E S CR I P T I ON OF T HE E N G RA VI N GS .

e a ch cas e on a s k in e x p ressly p r e p ar e d fo r t hat u se . Fo r t he

ar m t he w
p ar chme nt w as r o ll e d and p l ace d in a case o f
r it t e n

bl ack cal fs k in ; fo r t he head t he fo u r s t r ip s o f p archment mu s t

’
w
be o f t he co s s k in, an d e ach st r ip p u t in a ce ll o f a cas e o f fo u r ,

on w hich t he l e t t er s in
()
8 is w r it t e n . T he s t r ap fo r t he ar m w as
ne v e r l ess t han t hr ee o r fo u r inche s w id e a nd ab o u t t w e nty s e v e n ,
-

in che s l o ng The s qu ar e ca se fo r t he he ad had t w o t ho ngs l o ng

.

e no u gh t o t ie ar o u n d t he he a d an d ha ng c r o ss e d o n t he b reas t .

T hey w e r e a r e a dy mea ns o f re l igio us v anity and d is p l ay .

I n t he Tal m ud w e read : W ho s o e v e r has t e p hil im o n his head

is fo r t ifi e d agains t s in and al so has a gu ar d agains t d ange r
”
, .

T he w o r d t e p hill ah is no t in t he Ol d Te s t ame nt a nd is an ,

inv ent io n o f t he Tal mud ist s I

( pm c d v o l ii ) . . .
,
. .

Tr ibut e—
mo ney f ou nd in t he M ou t h of F is h a t Cap e r naum a .

Matt x v ii 2 7 . . . Tet r adrachm ( 4 drachms ) o f A nt io chus

III . D r awn fro m a Co in in t he Co l l e ctio n of W il l iam C .

Pr ime .

B o t h G reek and R o man mo ney w er e u se d in Pal est ine und e r

t he R o man r ul e T he v alu e o f t his fo u r d r achm p ie ce w as ab o u t
.
-

s ix t y ce nt s T his co in w as st r u ck b e t w e e n t he y ear s 2 2 6 and 222

.

B . c . in t he nin e t ie t h y ear o f t he Era o f t he S e l e u cid ae (t he

,

G re e k k ings w ho s u cce e d e d A l e x and e r t he G r eat in Sy r ia) .

Ant io chu s t he G r eat l e ft a v ast nu mb er o f coins st r u ck in ,

many cit ies w he r e t he p r iv il e ge o f mint ing had b e e n gr ant e d .

T he mo s t co mmo n t y p e w as as here a he ad o f t he k ing t he hair , , ,

cu t sho rt sl ight ly cu r l e d
, and b o u nd by a r ibb o n as a d iad e m , .

O n t he re v e rs e a fi gu r e o f A p o ll o s e at e d o n a b as k e t w it h a bo w , ,

in t he l e ft and an arr o w in t he r ight hand b e t w ee n t w o l in e s o f ,

inscr ip t io n in G r e e k “ o f K ing A nt io chu s and a mint mar k

”
, , , .

I
( pm . e d,
. v ol . ii ; 8 v o
. c d, v o l
. . ii ) .

The L o s t an dFo undP iece of S il v er Luk e . xv . 8 . DRA C HMA .

Fr o m a Co in l o ane d by W C Pr ime . . .

Head of He r c ul e s in t he l io n ’
s s k in : Z eu s s e at e d on a t hro ne ,
ho ld in g an e ag e o n l his ri
ght han d , an d a s t aff in his l eft . In
scr ip t io n,
“
O f A l e x an d e r ”
(ALEX AN DR I OV ) .

This p iece of G ree k mo ney w as e qu al in v alu e t o t he R o man

p enny (de na r ius
) . I m
( p ed v o l ii ; 8 v o e d, v o l ii )
. . . . . . .
 D E S CR IP T IO N OF T HE E N G R A VI N G S . 3 63

P ar a bl e of the Ten Ta l ent s . S HEK EL (W . C .

The p r iv il e ge o f mint ing co ins w as gr an t e d fi r st t o t he J e ws,

o r t o t he high p r ie st , S imo n t he M accab ee, B o 1 3 9
-
The . . .

ins cr ip t io n is in S amar it an l e t t er s and is r e ad o n t he o bv e rs e , ,

S he k e l o f I s rae l ar o u n d a c u p (s u p p o se d t o r e fe r t o t he manna)
”
,

w it h t he l e t t e r A o v e r it fo r t he y e ar o ne On t he r e v e r s e .

“ J e r u sal e m t he Ho ly ” a ro u nd a t r i l e hy acint h o r l ily o r as

p , , , ,

s o me s u p p o s e A aro n s budd e d r o d t hat is t hr ee al mo nd bl o s

’
, , ,

s o ms O t he r s t hink t he y w e r e p o me gr anat e bud s

. .

T he S he k e l w as w o r t h ab o u t fi ft y ce n t s T he hal f S hek e l was ‘

.
-

t he y e ar ly t r ib ut e o f e v e r y mat u r e man O f t he J e ws t o t he t e mp l e
t r eas u r y .

T he w o r d S he k e l is no t He b r e w b ut p ro b ably A ssy r ian , .

M o ney w as co ine d by t he s u cces so rs o f t he high p r ie s t S imo n -

as l at e as B ar co k he ba t he l as t l ead er in t he l as t re v o l t agains t t he
,

R o mans They hav e as t y p e s b as k e t s o f fr u it s p al m t r ees p al m

.
,
-
,

b ranch co r nu co p ia cit ro n O l iv e w re at h ro s e ancho r e ight ray e d

, , , , , ,
-

s t a r t r ip o d M ace d o nian he l me t ; al so shie ld p r o w o f ship fi v e

, , , ,

o are d b o at bu nch o f gr ap e s he l me t w it h ho r se t ail s w heat hea d s

, , ,
-
,

v ine l eaf t emp l e w it h fo u r co lu mns bu nch o f p l ant s st ar ly r e

-
, , , ,

w it h six st rings v ase simp l e v ase w it h t wo han dl e s v ase w it h

, , ,

t w o handl es an d co v er .

M any fo r ge r ie s o f p r et end ed Heb re w co ins hav e b een mad e ,

but t he y hav e al l b ee n e x p o s e d N o ge nu in e co in o f He b r ew .

ancie nt w o r k has l e tt er s in He b re w fo r t he y ar e al l in t he S amar ,

it an st yl e o f w r it ing .

“M
ad e S he k el s ar e o ffe r e d t r av e l e r s in Pal est ine at r id ica

l o u sl y l o w p r ic es v e r y l itt l e highe r t han t he v alu e o f t he s ilv er ;

,

and t ho u s an d s are s o ld Ex p e r t s d e t ect t he m eas ily ( p

I m e d . . . .
,

v ol . ii ; 8 v o
. e d,
. v ol . ii ) .

The Widow
’
s M te . T W O LEPTA , which is a
'

Q u adr ans . A
Pe nnv of Po nt ius Pil ate . Fr o m t he Co l l e ctio n of W . C .

Pr ime .

The i n scr i p t io n is re a d: “
Of T ib e r iu s C aes ar, L I s, fo r y ear
1 6—
1 7, A . D . 29 , aro u nd a s acr e d v e sse l O f t he t e mp le . R e v e r se
t hr ee e ar s of w heat , or l e a v e s a nd J ul ia
, Caes ar e s s ( w ife of

Tibe riu s ) . I
( pm . e d, v o l
. . ii . 8vo e d .
,
v ol . ii ) .
3 64 D E S CR I P TI ON OP T HE EN G R A I IN GS
'

B et r ay a l by J u da s PIECE O R MO NEY PA ID J UDAs Tet r a . .

drachm o f A u g ust us C aesar Lo ane d by W C Pr ime . . . .

A u gu s t u s grant e d t o A nt io ch t he p r i v il e ge o f c o inin
g mo ne y ,
and t his co in b ea r s a n insc r ip t io n in G r e e k l et t e r s ar o u nd a

he ad of t he C ae sa r , v e rse an e mbl e m O f t he
an d o n t he Of re c it y

A nt io ch w it h o ne fo o t o n t he e mbl e m o f t he r iv e r O ro nt es su r
, ,

ro u nd e d by t M o p l s o f t he Ant io chians
“ ”
h e in s c p
r i t io n T h e e t r o i .

A s anct u ary o f A p o ll o n ea r A n t io ch w as n ame d D ap hn e an d in ,

M accab e es (2 Mac iv 3 3 ) t e c t y s call e d Ant io ch by D ap hne

h i i .
“
.
”
.

T his c it y has a his t o r y t hat is v e r y int e r est ing t o Chr ist ians .

I t w as fo u nd e d by S e l e u cu s N ik at o r (v ict o r) 3 0 0 B c w ho was ,
. .
,

a ge ne r al in A l e x and e r s ar my T he R o man ge ne r al Po mp ey
’
.
, ,

cap t u re d it B C 6 4 a nd it b e ca me a p r o v in ce o f t he e mp ir e
. . The .

name
“
Chr is t ians w as fi r st giv e n t o t he d iscip l e s o f J es u s and ,

t he Ap o s t l e s at A n t io ch ,
It w as l o ng k n o w n as “ The Q u ee n o f
.

t he East
”
It has b ee n cap t u r e d by t he Pe r s ian s u n d e r Cho sr o es
.

h e G r ee k s u n d e r He r acl iu s ( A D S
( A D . . t arace ns . .

( A D . . G r e e k s u n d e r Pho cas
( A D C r u s ad e r s A D
( . . . .

an d T u r k s ( A D 1 5 1 6 ) an dd a mage d by ear t hqu ak es in A D 1 1 5

. . . .
,

3 4 0 , 3 9 4, 3 9 6 , 4 58 , 52 6 , 5 8 8 .
(I mp . e d,
. v ol . ii ; 8 v o
. e d, v o l
. . ii )
.

S ho w me t he Tr ibut e M oney . DENAR IUS . Fr o m an A ncie nt

Co in in t he ar t is ts ’
p os s e ss io n .

The mo st co mmo n p iece Of R o man mo n e y w as t he de nar iu s ,

w hich we ca ll t he p e nn b o u t fi ft e en cent s y . It s v alu e w as a .

T he u s u al p r ice o f a d ay s w o r k an d t he p ay o f a s o ld ier w as a
’
, ,

p e nn y a nd a t
,
o n e t ime u nd er t he e mp e r o r T ib e r iu s a p e nny w as
, ,

t he r at e O f t r ibu t e T his co in is a p e nny o f T ib e r iu s an d b e ar s

.
,

t he he ad o f t hat e mp er o r and his n a me an d t it l e o n o ne s id e , ,

w hich if d ist inct w o uld be TI CAES A R F D IV I AVG VS T

,
“
,
”
.

I n Engl is h “
T ib e r iu s Caes ar s o n o f t he d e ifi e d A u gu s t u s
, ,
.

O n t he o t her s id e a fi gu r e o f t he go dd e ss R o ma ar o u nd w hich
: ,

are t he wo r d s
“ PON T I E M AX I M ,
”
me an ing High Pr iest ; t hat ,

is t he He ad o f t he C hu rch o r n at io nal re l igio n

,
T his d ign it y ,
.

w as co nfe r r e d o n t he e mp e r o r s s o me o f w ho m act u ally qu al ifi e d

‘

t he mse lv es fo r t he du t ies an d o ccu p ie d t he o ffi ce I

( p m e d ,
. . .
,

v ol . ii ; 8 v o
. c d,
. v ol . ii ) .
3 66 A N AL Y TI C AL I N D EX .

ch e i fly t w o ards t he c o s e l of his li f e, Ha tinq fa t her a nd mo t her ,

wh at is
1 08 ; his c a l im ,
1 13 ; inco mp r e he n mea nt 1 56 , .

s i bl e t o t he Je w s, 1 14 ; a cc o mp an id e Her mon Mo u nt , , sc e ne ry o f, 71 .

b y t r a nq uil l ty o f so , 1 1 6 ; p re se nce i
l x d 38; u i t ul HE R O D p e rp e e , c r o us o se e
u J u
o f div mit y is it s p ro o f, 1 1 7 ; a t ho r s
’

pl n t i n 3 8 ; l v n es s, 3 8 ; ex a a o , ea e

p n l i w 20 2
e rs o a f 54 ;
v e n l i t d by Pi l t 241
s, . o , co ci a e a e,

D bt l m nt w hi h t t l 2 2 6 ; p p l
ou , e e u i i ty t
e s J u 2 4 1 ; hi ng c se e, a a c r os o se e es s. s a er

u t h i ty nd 2 2 6
a or t Ch i t a il n 2 42 ; h p i ng i ,
. a r s
’
s s e ce ea h

D ty n x u f
u a v idi ng d ty 9 5
e di g ni t i
c n Ch
se t 2 42 ; f d
or a o u , . es o ri s , r e err e

E t g nd d i nk i ng wi t h i nn
a in a ig him b k t Pi l t 2 42
r s e rs , s ac o a-e , .

nifi n f 17
ca ce o Hyp i y l v n f 54 ,
. ocr s , ea e o , .

Emm C h i t j i n di i p l
a us, 2 7 8 ; l mnw t l ity gni d in t h O l d T
r s o s sc es , r a re c o z e e es

th g t t
e mm nt y l t 2 7 9
re a e s t m nt 1 9 5 ; n t ex p l i i tly t
co
g ht e ar os , . a e , o c au ,

Exco mmunica tion, e ff e c t s o f, in J e wi sh 1 95 .

Ch u r c h, 1 25 . I nsp ira t io n har mo ny . wi t h G o d 1 00 , .

d fi ni t i n 8 1
F a il /z , C hr s t g in i ’
s e o , as a ra J A I R US , da ghte r u o f, 2 4 ; hea l i ng o f,

of mu t d d 1 6 0 fi g t iv s ar se e ,
ur a e, 26
161 ; nn t i n wi t h f g i v n
co f ec o or e es s o J er icho , w ay t o , des cr b ed, 1 3 7 i .

e ne mies p ray e r fo r fa i t h t he
,
161 ; J er usa l em a t a s ma n c or, li i w d t o t he
he ar t s o u t cry , 1 6 2
’
. Je w s , 9 2 ; s p p re s se u d it m exc e e nt in,
F a na ticz s m, b a e fu n ue nce o f, 2 7
‘

l li fl . b efo r e t he arres t f Ch i t
o r s 98 ;
,

F i g; C h i v i w f 22
ast n r st s
’
e s o , sc ene s o f t he F eas t of t he T ab er
Fl h d p i i t fl i t f 2 3 1
es an s r , co n c o , . nac l e s, 1 0 3 ; t he na t o na l i ho me , 1 8 4 ;
F g
or d t f 88
i venes s , o c ri ne o , C hr s t i ’
s a p p earance t he r e aft e r t he
F gi
or f Im l di ffi ul t
venes s o ur es c ,
1 60 r es u rr e c t o n, i 2 83 .

C hr s t i ’
s co mmand 1 6 0 ,
. JE S US , T HE lv f t C HR I S T , his o e o r e i re

F R AN C I A
’
S i u
p c t re o f t he t w o ange s a t l m nt 1 3 9 ; hi l n l i n
e , , 3 ; hi s o e e ss , s

t he sep ul c hr e , 2 6 8 s y mp t hy w i t h t h f ll n 2 1 ; in
a e a e ,

F ut ur e S t a l e, v ery l i t tl e t a ght u ab o ut it t n ly n t u l 2 1 ; hi
e se iw n a ra , s v e s o

in B b il e, 1 94 . f t i ng 22 ; j y ful n
as , f di p i o e ss o s os

G adara 7 , . t i n 2 3 ; hi d nun i t i n
o , f t he s e c a o o

i li ng i p v i l i ng l i g i n 23 ; hi num
’
G a l il ee C hr s t ,
ering in, 9 4 ; C hr s t s re a re o , s er

y ear n ng i fo r ,
a ft er t he res r rec tio n, u o us nd p f nd di
a u 23 ; ro o u s co r se s ,

26 9 . m t iv f
o dl e in h l i ng 26
or e ay s ea ,

G a l i l ep , sea o f, a s J es u s b e he ld it, 6 2 ; hi h ld up n t h m
s o l n f o e o ra se se o

m 5 ; T ho mso n de scr i i t h J wi h n t i n 2 9 ; li n p n
’
sto r ,
s p t o n, 5 ; e e s a o ,
re a ce u o

p i i t u l l m nt f hi mi ni t y 3 0
’
R o b R oy s , 6 . s r a e e e s o s s r , ,

G enesa reth, no w and t hen, 44 . hi f v id

s t i v i ty
er 3 0 ; mi ul ac , rac o us

G ergesa , 6 .
p w o 4 1 di
er s, nm nt f m ti s ce r e o o v es,

G ethse ma ne, a pl ac e o f l v i ng
o asso c a i 44 ; ump t i n f divi n th i ty
a ss o o e au or ,

t i o ns , 23 5 . 46 ; p re sc e nce i of co m ng i t rib ul a
G ood S a ma r ita n p a rab ,
l e, 13 6 . i
t o n, 6 1 M e ss i ahsh ip o f, 67 ; pow
Goo d S hep her d p arab ,
l e o f, wh n e de er of his l oo k , 68 ; d e p re ss o n in i
li v ere d , 1 23 . s p ir it o f, 6 9 ; t he j
re ec t e d of me n ,

G ra t it ude ca ll de fo r by sp r i i tu l a b e ne 69 ; sp r i it l ua p re p ara t o n fo r na i fi l
fi ts, 3 4 . m ss i i 82 ; o n, his as t t e ach ngs at l i
G reatest w ho , sha ll he , 1 75 ; di ipl sc es fir s t c o nf s ng t o t he d s c p e s , 83 ; ui i i l
h man u and w eak , 1 75 . l
mo r a greatness of, 85 ; his es re to d i
 A N A L Y TI CAL I N DEX . 3 67

av id p ub l i i ty mi und t d 93 ;
o c s er s o o ,
J ewish o p p o s t ii on t o C hr i st , 51 .

h m lo 9 5 ; di p ut
e e ss , n ni ng s es co ce r J ewish Rel igio n, ro o t s o un d , 29 .

him 9 8 ; hi di ,
u in t h t m s sc o rse s e e J e wish sy s t e m in i t s e c a de nce d a sy s

p l e , 9 9 ; p e rs o nal i
r sk s, 1 0 1 ; his re t em o f e t e rna t ies, 1 50 x li
p l y t o t he o f c er s fi s e nt t o arr es t hi m, J ews, sp r i it ua l ill e g it im y f ac o ,
1 19 ;
1 02 ; r a ge o f t he r ul e rs a g a ns t i him, l
p r e v a e nc e o f s nf u i l di p i t i s os o ns a n d
1 05 ; i d ivi ni ty f 1 0 7
co nsc o us i d t d 1 20 ;
o ,
co n hab t s a mo ng t he e uc a e ,

S p i t w
cu o u s d l f l i f
o 1 0 8
ar; h i lsd n f t h
c o se d v i l 1 2 1
o ; w uld e, c re o e e , o

c al i m f div i ni t y 1 1 3 ; i mp h n
o t n C h i t 1 22 1 4 3
,
nc o re e s o e r s , , .

s ibl t t h J w 1 1 4 hi p f u d J HN B
e o e e s, b h d i ng 3 7 ; ff t
s ro o n O A PT I S T , e ea , e ec

ca l mn in d l i ng wi th hi gh t
ess f n w
ea n J u 3 8 ; di ff n b es o e s o es s, e re ce e

t ut h m n ip t f m i t w n hi mi i n d Ch i t ’
r 1 16 ; s, e a c a es 1 88 ro s n, ee s ss o an r s s, .

1 1 8 ; hi l i fi t i n f m n by J H N H EV N L hi y mp th
s c as s ca o o e O T E A GE I S T, s s a y

th i t 1 2 1 ; p d i t hi
e r na ur e s , wn wi t h Ch i t m t i n 4 re c s s o r s
’
s e o o s, .

d t h 1 2 7 ; hi p i b l h u h ld J d
ea ,
s u o ss f 64 e o se o or a n, s o r ces o , .

l if 1 29 ; f ndn hi l d n d J d f Ch i t l t di ’
e, f o ess th n or c re an u aea , e sce e o r s s as s

s y mp t hy wi t h hum i t y 1 3 0 ;
a u 1 28 an , se e s co rses , .

t h t i mp h f g d v
e r u v il 1 40 J U I
o oo hi v i w f t h b
o er e k , ,
D AS S C-
AR IOT, s e o e rea

and his o w n s up re macy 1 40 , ; men s ’

ing of l
t he a ab as t e r b o x , 2 1 5 ; J o hn s
’

i i
O p n o ns o f C hr st i fl 141 ;
uc t u a t ng , i c u r t e x p ana t o n, l i 2 1 5 ; mak ng o v e r i
i
asse r t o n o f o ne ness i
w t h t he Fat he r , tu re s t o t he J e w s , 2 1 8 ; his b e t r ay a l
1 43 ; his w o rk s a. t es t im o ny to his of C hr s t 2 3 8 ; a nd P i , il at e co mp ar e d,
d i v i i ty n ,
1 43 ; a t t r ac t iv e an d wi i nn n g 2 4 7 r e mo rse o f, 2 6 0 .

in his p er so na ty , 1 50 ; effe c t li of his J udgment , p ara b l e of t he , 2 08 co m

i
t eac h ng o ft e n e ane s ce nt , 1 51 v ma in me nt s l
a nd e s s o ns, 2 08 ; ab s e nc e of

p u r p o se of his t e ac h ng , 1 5 1 ; his i or di n y t ar es t s , 20 9 no t s p o k e n t o a

l
s t y e o f t ho u ght and e p ress o n no t x i se e cl t udi a e nc e , 2 10 ; h um ni ty a dear
S i mp l e a nd l i t
1 53 ; a p p ea s t o era l , l t o G o d, 2 1 1 .

mo ral s ens e, 1 6 2 ; t a ght c h e y a u ifl K eys , t he , 6 6 .

fo o t , 1 6 2 ; n s t urb e in v e u di
o f his d iw K indness t o e vi l men ,
wh t a it mea ns,
ap p r o ac h ng i u ifixi cr c o n, 211 ; msy 19 .

p at hy e wi t h h lp l
ess ne ss ,
2 16 ; l um i K no wl edge , w hy no t g iv e n o ut r i ght ,
23 0 .

no us ho ur s 220 ; s t r ange ne s s o f his

,
Las t s ce nes o f C hr s t s
’
i lif d e, e fy e xp o

i i
m s s o n, 2 2 2 ; ab s e nc e o f t e rary ef li sit io n, 2 20 c har ac t e r z a t o n o f, i i 2 20 ;
fo r t , 222 ; his w o rk a ne w w o rk , ap v i
c o n e r sa t o ns a nd di sc o u rse s a s ac re d
p are nt l y n o p ro vi i s on f o r it s f t u r e u lv l
o 220
e - o re, his dep ar t ure fo re
co n du ct , 22 3 l eft his d sc p i i l es he p l t ld 22 1
o , .

l ess,22 3 ; ha t w m ght hai v e b ee n, LA Z A R US , C hr i st s

’
lv
o e o f, 13 1 .

2 2 4 ; p h o s o p hy il of th s i s ub j ec t , 22 5 ; dt n
La z a r us , the Ra is ing of, a se co n ra s

why no t s t on 2 2 7 ; his dig ill e ar t h, i l i ng d

fi gu r a t io n, 1 4 5 ; w hy C hr s t e re

nity in s ffer ng, 24 9 ; u

t t e r y fo r i u l b y nd J d n 1 46 ;
e o nl k d f or a , u oo e o r,

sak en, 2 49 ; his grea t o e , his e x lv 1 48 ; n t iv nfi n d t arrai mm e co e o e

a l t a t io n in s uff i ng er ,
2 50 ; his ho u r di t f t
a e 1 49 u d h t i l i ty
ac s, ar o se os

of gr an e r, 2 50 ; his p du r e -e m ne nce i a m ng t h o ul 1 49 Ch i t e r ers , r s

’
s

i
in h s t o ry , 2 51 ; dff e r e n t i modes o f m v m nt
o fte t hi v nt 1 50
e s a er s e e ,

ma ni f t i es ng i l
h mse f t o d ff e r e nt dis i L n f H
ea v e d 54 ; f Ph i
o 63
ero o ar se es ,

—M
, .

cip l e s, ary , T ho mas , Pa ul , e tc Light , d y mb l 1 1 2 ; C h i t t h

a s ac r e s o , r s e

27 8 . light f t h w ld 1 1 2
o e or , .
3 68 A NA LY TI CA L I N D EX .

Lo nel i ness t he ce nt r a e e l l ment of s uff er i

t a nt y , 1 42 ; as id e fro m l gi l
o ca de
ing in C hr s t , 2 3 6 i . duc t io ns, 1 42 .

Lo r ds Pr ayer, t he , p
’
iv o t al p et t ii o n o f, Mo ra l Co nv ict ions , cr im e Of r es s t ng ,i i
1 57 . 35 .

ll
i aq da l a, 6 1 . M o t a l Dev el op ment C hr
'

, i st t he ce ntr e
Ma nner of C hr st i ’
s l as t di sc o u rs e s in o f, 86 .

Je r u l sa e m 1 00 ,
. N e ighbor, w ho is my 1 3 6 , .

Ma r r iage no t in t he fut ure s t a te 1 9 4 NI C O D E M US q u e s t o n ng t he ,

. i i l eg a l i ty of

MA R T HA mo ur n ng fo r Laz a rus 1 4 7 ;
,
i
t he a r r e s t o f C hri s t 1 0 5 , , .

he r c harac t er s i ti c e x p tul t i
os a on at Oi nt ments a nd ano int in s,
g reaso n fo r,
t he g ra e , 1 48 v . 2 12 .

MA R Y a t t he ra s ng o f ii Laz a r u s, 1 47 . Ol i v es , M ount of 20 5 ; C hr s t s c ho c e
, i ’
i
M A R Y M A G D A EN E at L , se p ul c hre , 2 73 ; of p ar t i ul
c ar l
p ac e o n, 23 3 , fo r his
sig i fi n c a nc e of he r q u es t i o n ,
2 74 ; arre s t , 23 4 ; c o mp an o ns 2 3 4 ; dis i ,

Ch i t r s ap p e a r s t o , 2 7 4 ; w hy s he did c ip l e s he p l l e ss b u t sy mp a t he t i c, 23 6
no t r e co g n z e ihim, 2 74 ; w hy s he w as C hr s t i ’
s co mp ass i o na t e e xu c se fo r
no t t o t o u c h C hr s t , 2 76 i . t he m, 2 3 7 .

l l fess ia hship , m i sco n c e p t o ns o f i t he , 6 7 . Orienta l c usto ms r eb uk e d ,

31 .

JlI t /lcy wa y o f Ne w T e s t a me nt 2 06 Pa les t i ne, s e a so ns o f, 9 0 ,

. .

li
l lI ir acl es , r ea ty o f, no t q ue s t o ne d, Pa r a bl es o f J es us, s p o nt aneo i u s, 13 5 ;
27 ; w
ha t are t hey , 2 2 8 ; a nd nat ra u l go o ds he p he r , 1 2 3 ; p r o d ga l s o n, d i
’
l a w , 2 2 8 ; C hr s t s, ne v er se f-see k i l d
1 08 ; g o o S a mar t an, 1 3 5 ; man dis i
ing, 22 9 ; o f t he fi v e o a es a nd t w o l v t u rb e d a t m dn ght , 1 3 8 ; do a nd i i wi w
fi 40 ; imp o ss b ty o f
she s , s o n, unj u t j udg 1 3 8 ; l t n n i il i t i llu i s e, os co i dl a os

u i
4 1 ; c o r s ca t o ns o f, 4 1 ; a k ng o n h p p u p t f 1 59 ; t f wl i s ee ,
r or o , d fi ni i n
e o o

u ili
t he sea , 4 3 ; a x ary t o t he mo ra l p b l 1 6 3 ; n t lw y t b t k n ar a e, o a a s o e a e

n
se 43 ; h l i ng d
se , ght f G nt il l i t lly 1 6 3 ; nn t i n n t ily
ea au er o e e e ra , co ec o s o eas

w m n 57 ; h li ng f d f m t
o a , p iv d 205 ; wi nd f l i h i
ea O ea -
u e, er ce e , se a oo s v r

59 ; nd mi ul u f di ng f gi n 20 7 ; m n t ll i ng i nt f
se c o ra c o s ee o s, a ra v e o ar

th mul t i tud 6 0 ; b l i nd m n
e t u nt y 2 0 7 ; t h j d g m nt 2 0 8
e, a a co r , e u e , .

B t h i d 6 3 ; d m ni p
e sa a, i n P t l I t i t l w t t h di i n e o c o ss e s s o ,
a ren a ns nc 8. c e o e v e

79 ; t ib t m n y 8 3 ; t n l p
r u e t t m nt f i nn
o e 18 , e e e rs, r ea e o s ers , .

9 6 ; bl i nd m n t t mp l 1 23 ; b l i nd P a app h f l t 1 84 ;
e l
e, a ss o ver , a r o ac o as , c r ue

B t im ar h l d 1 77 ; he us f d i gn
ea e f l 1 84 ; C h i t
,
p o rr o r s o es s O r u e r s, r s a

b l i nd n 1 7 8 ; b l i ndn
ess , nd b g p n th n 1 85 ; hi p p ess a e e a rs o e s ce e, s o u

nk i ndl ed 1 80 ; l ity df n 1 86 ; nfl i t nd
g y 1 78 ; h p
ar ,
o e e , re ar a e e ce , co c s a

b k u f p t t eo 1 8 1 ; i mp tuni ty
s e c a o r s, ll i i n 1 88 ; p p t i n f 2 1 9 or ,
co s o s, re ara o o r, .

1 82 ; hi n dv y p l i n t him 1 82 ; P d t y p i i t u l
s ee er i f v y g a o ,
e an r , s r a ,
a v ce o e er a e,

i n w d i llumi n t i n w ll
ar t 99 a o as e as o u .

w d 1 83ar ,
. P f t i n t m ng m n 1 6 8 er ec on o a o e , .

Mi f t he d i i p l
s s i on o p ul i i t i f PE scN L G i nfl u n es , f f i t h inec ar es o ,
RSO A O D, e ce o a

3 2 ; th i u p p t 3 3 ; l i mi t t i n t
e r s 37 or , a o o .

J w e nd s a n f 3 4; p i l n P
r e a so l S ymp thy b t u
s o r,f vil s ec a e er so na a , es c re or e ,

d m nt f 3 5 ;
o rse ut i n nd n 20
e o ,
ca o s a co u .

l in l t i n t 3 6 ;
se s re a u g P o
p t y d 2 7 1 ; nd J hn
o, n e nc o ra e E T ER o r ra e ,
a o co

m nt in 3 7 ;
e s p t f t h S v nty
, t t d 271
re hn
or f 4 3 ; nt h
o e e e ,
ra s e , ras es s o ,
e u

13 9 . s ias m o f 49 6 6 , ,
.

M o r a l Afi nit i e s , t he i ur ne r r ng i ce r Pha r i sees t he vi w e s o f, a b o u t M a t t he w ’

s
3 70 A N A L Y T ] C A L I N DEX .

S econda ry mea n i ng s t o C hr i st s
’
te ach Tra dit ional Pra ct ices iii d
c r t c se by J e «

i ng s, 1 53 . s u s, 52 .

S elf s eek i ng i i l d sc p es, 1 57 . Tra nsfi g ur a t io n, t he , 73 ; no e xpl ana

S eventy, mi i n f ss o o ,
95 . i
t o n sho r t of m i l rac e , 75 ; i
p r mary
S I MO N T II E C r R EN i A N, 2 52 . des gn i o f, 76 ; a ft e r i flun e nce on

SI MO N T HE LE PE R , fe a s t by , 2 1 1 ; al a di i pl sc 7 7 ; w hy Mo se s and E as
es , li
b as t e r b o x b ro k e n, 2 1 2 ; sp e c at o ns ul i c ho se n, 7 8 ; t me s p e nt p o n t he i u
as to th i u s c s to m 212 , ; w ho b ro k e u
mo nt , 7 8 ; E ah and J o hn B ap t s t , l ij i
t he bo x, 2 1 2, a nd w hy , 2 1 3 ; im 78 ; so l e mn ty i of s ub se q ue nt mi ra

p re sse d p eo p l e i
d ffer e nt y , 2 1 3 l c l e , 80 .

C hr s t s
’
i v e iw ,
2 1 5 ; a o e Off er ng, l v i Tr ia l of i
C hr s t b y t he S anhe dr m 2 3 8 ; i ,

2 17! a R o man t r b nal ne cess ary , 2 3 8 ; i u

S inner , fo rc e of t he t er m in Ga l il ee, 16 . why t he r u ers r e ma ne o n t he l i d
S p ir it ual I nt uitio n in t he di s ce rn ment t hre sho ld of P il ’
at e s c o u r t, 23 9 .

Of t r ut h ,
48 . Tr i bute il l o ney, ha t ef ul to t he J e w s,

S p ir it ual Tendency o f t he g o sp e l , 23 2 . 1 92 C hr is t d fi ni i n f duty

’
s e t o o ,
1 92 .

S uccor , mo ral p r o p er , t im e fo r, 2 0 . Tr uth p ar t i lly av l d 67 re ea e ,

.

S un, t he, a n at u l
ra sy mb o l o f dv i i ni ty , TYR E and S I D O N , 55 .

111 . Victo ry re q ui res u nre mi t t i ng p ers i s

S y rnp a thy of Chr s t i wi t h t he p eo p l e, t e nc e , 96 .

1 04 Virgins p ar ab e O f esso n 20 7
, l ,
l ,
.

S yrop henicia n W o ma n s
’
p r ay er and W a shi ng o f t he s c p e s fe e t , 2 1 9 di i l ’
.

i
fa t h, 5 7 W ido w an d t w o m t e s 2 1 6 i ,
.

S wine, r us h ng i heado ng l i nt o sea, 8. W o man in a cro d he a e d 2 5 w l , .

Ta ber na cl es , fe as t o f, 91 . Yo ung R uler mo t es o f his c o m ng ,

iv i to

Te rnp l e, p u gi ng
r of t he , 1 8 7 ; vi i s on o f J es u s, 167 ; ra ti l o na e o f a ns w e r, 1 67
des t r u ti
c o n, 2 05 . his o ne g re at nee , 1 6 9 ; u ne q a t o d ul
T HO M A S D I D Y M US will i g t di wi th n o e t he t es t , 1 7 0 ; c o mm n s m no t meant , u i
Laz ar u s, 1 46 Ch i t v ld t
r s re ea e o 1 7 1 ; t he y o ng u man no t nece ssar ily
him, 2 77 ; char ac t e r p o r t r ay e , 2 83 ; d lo st, 1 7 3 .

meani ng o f C hri s t r ep r o ac h, 28 5
’
s .