BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY

BAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL
ENGINEERING
AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING
VEHICLE BODY ENGINEERING AND AERODYNAMICS
ASSIGNMENT ll

Dagim mekonnen……………1103199

SUBMITTED TO: MR. YEALEMZEWED

Door locking System

Door locking mechanisms on automobiles use a variety of methods to secure the doors and keep
them from being opened from the outside. Common automotive door lock designs use a special
key to unlock and open the doors, although vehicles also use remote entry systems, interior
buttons, and exterior handles. Many newer model cars have an anti-theft feature that
automatically locks all the doors when you put the vehicle in drive.
A door locking mechanism of automobiles is a system designed to securely lock the doors of an
automobile. It usually uses a device such as an actuator, solenoid, latch, or other mechanical
hardware in consultation with the vehicle's central computer unit to lock and unlock the doors.
This allows for greater security from intruders and also provides convenience for the vehicle
owner when unlocking and locking the car doors. Many models also offer additional features
such as suicide-prevention locks, antitheft systems, remote access control, and automatic
relocking after a period of time.

Locking your door allows you to protect the items inside of your car from potential thieves as
well as intruders who would steal your entire car. In modern cars, you will most often find a
powder door lock. Powered door locks are relatively complicated mechanisms that require
several moving parts to work in concert in order to secure the vehicle.

1) The Actuator - Inside of your car door, there is a lock actuator. The door-lock actuator is the
primary mechanism that controls the lock on your car. This actuator is inside of your door, below
the insert where your key is inserted. This actuator is connected to the key latch with a thin metal
rod.
2) The Knob - Now, the thin metal rod we talked about above is connected to a knob inside of
your car door. This rod helps the knob to go up and down, thus locking and unlocking your car
door.
3) The Operation - When you are operating the actuator, you are moving the door lock latch up
or down, depending on which way you are turning your key. When the latch is down, you can
open and close the door at will. When the latch is up, your door handle will be fully disconnected
from the mechanism that controls the opening process. In a car with manual locks, this process is
controlled by a turning of a key. In a powered door lock, this process can be automated.

Window winding mechanism

Automobile window winding mechanisms typically use a metal worm gear to drive the window
up or down. A central metal shaft, connected to a motor or handle crank, is used to turn the metal
gear.
The gear is usually mounted within two parallel tracks, each with two "faces" that the teeth of the
gear engage in order to move the window up and down. The tracks are often lined with soft
rubber or plastic material in order to increase friction against the gears and reduce noise while
moving the window.
The vehicle's door panel usually houses the motor or handle crank that can be used to control the
movement of the windows. The moving parts of a power-operated setup are connected by cables
or wires, which run through bushings on either side of each front and rear door frame in order for
them to remain motion free during operation. For manual setups, rods are often used instead of
cables or wires in some cases.
At the bottom end of each window track is a large rectangular clip that acts as an anchor point
for a steel cable, rope, belt or nylon cord attached at its upper end. As this cord moves up and
down with the glass panes it provides increased resistance and support for other components
engaged directly into its lower end cable/rope spindle/bushing so that these components remain
motion free during operation also.
Windows are an important means of ventilation for a vehicle. Their main purpose is to protect
the car's interior from external factors like rain, dust and sunlight. Passengers in the car slide the
windows up and down either by the press of a button or by rotating a handle manually. Either
way, there is a mechanism behind the working of these windows. The window regulators which
are located inside the door panel help raise or lower a vehicle's windows.
This page explains the two most common types of window regulators: the electric and manual
windows, along with the basic mechanism of their working.

A device on the inside of a car door which is turned to raise or lower the window above it. There
are three basic systems used to raise and lower car windows: mechanical linkage with scissor
action; cable and pulley; or rack and pinion.
No two manufacturers use exactly the same design for window-lifting systems of the same basic
type. Details vary from car to car.
If you need to fit a new mechanism because of accident damage, breakage or wear on the old
one, obtain the correct replacement from the spares department of a main dealer for the car.
Manual Window Regulators
Manual window regulators or “roll up” regulators use handles which are manually rotated to
raise or lower the windows. Rotating the manual window regulator will cause the spur gears and
the worm gear to spin, which will cause the plates inside to move. This movement either lowers
or raises the window. Manual window regulators are widely found in older vehicles and have
now been replaced by electric window regulators in modern automobiles.
Electric or Power Window Regulators
Electric window regulators are much easier and more convenient. By just pressing a button, the
window will raise or lower to the desired height. A tiny motor is what allows this to happen by
spinning the gears when an electric current is applied. Electric window regulators use a master
switch which is usually located on the door panel or center console of the vehicle.

Seat adjustment mechanism

Manual seat adjustment mechanism
1. The car seat slide rail is a mechanism for adjusting the front and rear displacement of the seat
in the horizontal longitudinal position of the carriage. There is a single lock slide track and a
double lock slide. The selection of the slide track is generally determined based on the lock
strength. For example: when the seatbelt anchorage point is not in the seat, a single lockout
sideway is generally selected; when the seatbelt anchorage point is in the seat, a double lockout
sideway or a double lockup sideway is selected. The size of the slide displacement, that is, the
distance between the front and the rear of the seat, must be determined according to the
corresponding human body size and ergonomic principles. Generally, the distance before and
after the adjustment is 0 to 100 mm.

2. The car seat recliner is a mechanism that adjusts and locks the backrest and seat cushion angle.
The lock strength must meet the relevant regulations. The recliner is divided into a mechanical
recliner and an electric recliner. The mechanical recliner includes a mechanical plate recliner, a
mechanical reel realer, and a dual linkage recliner. The mechanical plate recliner generally
adopts the working principle of a ratchet pawl or a rack tooth plate and a leaf spring reset
structure, and can realize step adjustment and folding in a maximum range of 180 degrees, and is
suitable for various types of automobile driver seats. The mechanical rod recliner consists of a
controllable gas spring and connecting parts and is suitable for passenger seats for passenger
cars. The double linkage recliner means that the left and right two sets of locking mechanisms
are simultaneously operated under the control of one set of the adjusting mechanism and locked
at the same time, and have the advantages of high locking strength, and are suitable for various
types of truck driver seats. Electric recliner generally adopts the principle of planetary gear
transmission with teeth difference or the principle of dual planetary gear transmission with
cycloid. It has the advantages of smooth transmission, high strength and large range of
adjustment, and is suitable for high-end automobile driver seats. Engineering seat

3. The front cushion angle adjustment mechanism of the seat cushion is generally a mechanical
adjustment mechanism, and a multi-bar mechanism with a safe and reliable structure is adopted.
With the rapid development of the automobile industry, people will put forward higher and
higher requirements for car seats. In order to further improve the comfort and safety of the seats,
major auto companies and auto parts companies in the world are constantly increasing the
research and development of the seats, developing new structures, new processes, and new
materials for the seats. The company has continuously developed various types of suspension
seats, electric seats, computer memory seats, and other auxiliary devices such as massage devices
and auxiliary cooling and heating intelligent air-conditioning seats. In addition, the use of
Environmentally friendly fabrics as seat fabrics will also become a new trend.

Figure 2: manual seat adjustment Figure 1: manual seat adjustment latch

Power seat adjustment

Electric car seats are not only convenient, but they are also pretty simple to use. Some are
constructed so that they have simple functions such as moving back and forth, so that the
distance to and from the pedals can be adjusted, while other car seat functions are more
sophisticated and allow the operator to not only adjust the distance to the pedals, but also
adjust the lumbar support. In addition, some electric car seats are equipped with heaters so
that starting your car on a cold morning doesn't have to be a jarring experience when you sit
on a cold seat. The construction of electric seats varies, depending on their functions and how
many things they can do.
Working mechanism
The inner workings of an electric seat are pretty simple. All electric seats operate by using a
motor. Each seat will have a motor tucked up underneath the seat and hidden from plain view.
This motor is connected to a series of wires that are also located beneath the seat's cushion.
The wires are connected to not only the motor, but also to the switches that make the seat
operable. For example, if you are trying to move the seat back and forth, there will be a switch
located on the side of the seat that will allow you to do this. This switch is wired to the motor,
which in turn, is wired to the vehicle's electrical system. So basically, an electric seat works
like this: You push the button, which sends a signal through the wiring to the motor, which in
turn gets its power from the vehicle's electrical system.

Figure 3: power seat adjustment movements