Electromechanical devices

Key points
 Uses
 Choice(calculations)
 Circuit diagram
 Graphs

1.Solenoid door latch


 Figure 17-1 shows a simple solenoid-activated door latch.
 The bolt is spring-loaded and interfaces with a striker, so the system will
automatically latch when the door is closed.
 To unlock the mechanism, the solenoid is energized and the plunger
toggles the link, which, in turn, pulls the bolt back.
 A lock solenoid is a type of electric locking mechanism that uses an
electromagnetic device containing a tightly wound coil of metal wire
called a solenoid to provide the mechanical energy that opens and
closes the lock.
 The door latches are a type of mechanical hardware used to fasten
doors and keep them shut.
 A door latch uses a fastener attached to two ordinarily separated
surfaces, most often the door and the frame, to prevent the door from
 swinging while still allowing normal operation when the latch is
released.

2. Fuel injector nozzles

 Virtually all modern automobiles use electronically timed fuel injection.

 Any other fuel induction method simply won’t meet the stringent
pollution standards that are called for by our government.
 The modern fuel injection system centres around a set of valved injector
nozzles, as shown in Figure 17-18.
 A nozzle is mounted into each intake port on an engine.
 The valves are opened and closed via a signal provided from a central
computerized controller.
  The nozzle itself consists of a poppet valve that is controlled by an
electrical pulse.
 The fuel flows through the centre of the poppet and is stopped at the
valve seat.
 When the coil receives a pulse, the poppet raises and the fuel is allowed
to spray into the port.
 The amount of fuel that flows is controlled by the duration of time that
the valve is energized.
 They are mainly responsible for taking the liquid fuel and atomizing it
(breaking into small particles) so that it can burn.
 They need to deliver the proper amount of fuel to each cylinder for the
load and horse power demand.

3. Motorized locking systems

  For high security systems, large pins or bolts are commonly used to lock
a heavy door in place.
 Figure 17-14 shows a worm drive locking system with four bolts.
 When the door is closed, the motor is activated and the driven gear
forces the bolts out into a corresponding frame.
 When the motor polarity is reversed, the bolts are retracted back into
the door.
 In this manner a relatively small gear motor can be used to lock a rather
substantial door.
 The motorized door lock combines a high power motor driven lock,
positional sensing, mechanical locking and control electronics all in one.
 The most significant benefit of having a central locking system in your
car is the security it offers.
 The system enables you to easily lock all doors through the operation of
the driver’s lock.

4. Spark plugs
  Spark plugs are simply a pressure feedthrough that is configured for a
special purpose.
 These devices are excellent high pressure, high-voltage feedthroughs
that can be used in all sorts of equipment.
 The electrical terminal is simple, reliable, and can comfortably handle
voltages as high as 40,000 volts.
 When using a spark plug as a feedthrough, it is important to select a plug
without an internal resistor, as shown in Figure 17-8.
 These units generally have an “R” in the code printed on the insulator
 They are widely used in the petrol engines to ignite the air fuel mixture
whereas in diesel engines the presence of spark plug is not necessary.
 Technically petrol engines ae called as spark ignition engines and diesel
engines are called as compression ignition engines.
 An engine misfires when bad spark plugs delay the combustion effect.
 A misfire means one or more of the cylinders in your engines are not
producing the power they should.

5. Traction elevators
 Most of us have ridden in an elevator from time-to-time.
 Almost all passenger elevators are of the traction design, as shown in
Figure 17-4.
 In these cases, a traction is powered with a simple transmission system.
 The car cable is looped over the top of the spool and carries a counter
weight on the opposite end.
 The automatic controls are mounted in the car and provide an intuitive
interface that can be operated even by someone who has never been in
an elevator before.
 The floor locations are detected with ordinary limit switches.
 The controller is generally mounted adjacent to the lifting machinery
and a control cable is routed to the car.
 The traction elevators use a counterweight to offset the weight of the
cab and occupants.
 With this design, the motor doesn’t have to move as much weight,
making it much more energy efficient than hydraulic systems.
 They can be used on passenger elevators which may be specialised for
the service they perform, including: Hospital emergency (code blue).
 Also used on express elevators are designed to move people from
ground floor to a sky lobby skipping several floors in between at a high
speed.