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1) The process of the growth of a fertilized egg into a mature nervous system is called
A) neural growth.
B) neuroplasticity.
C) neurodevelopment.
D) psychological development.
E) rewiring.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 214
Topic: Chapter 9 Introduction
Type: (Factual)
8) Embryonic cells that have the potential for unlimited renewal and have the ability to develop into
different kinds of mature cells if they are transplanted to different sites are often called
A) daughter cells.
B) embryonic stem cells.
C) zygotes.
D) multipolar cells.
E) ectodermal cells.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
9) Many cells of the neural tube have lost their pluripotency and have become
A) totally specified.
B) totipotent.
C) multipotent.
D) mesodermal.
E) neural plates.
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
Rationale: This must be inferred from information on page 215; it is not explicitly stated.
10) Immature cells that have the potential to develop into many, but not all, classes of mature cells (e.g.,
blood, skin, hair, neurons) are called
A) ependymal.
B) pluripotent.
C) ventricular.
D) multipolar.
E) totipotent.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
11) Developing cells that have the potential to develop into neurons of any type but into no other class of
body cells are said to be
A) multipotent.
B) totipotent.
C) multipolar.
D) pluripotent.
E) unipolar.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
14) At 18 days after conception, this structure becomes visible in the developing embryo; it is the neural
A) mesoderm.
B) tube.
C) plate.
D) floor.
E) crest.
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
15) By 40 days after conception, three swellings become visible at the anterior end of the human neural
tube. The most anterior of these swellings eventually develops into the
A) brain.
B) midbrain.
C) hindbrain.
D) forebrain.
E) ventricles.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
16) By 40 days after conception, swellings are clearly visible at the anterior end of the neural tube. There
are
A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D) 32.
E) 64.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
17) After the formation of the neural tube, the number of cells destined to become part of the adult
nervous system
A) actually declines.
B) stays the same until the end of the neural-plate phase.
C) stays the same until the end of the neural-groove phase.
D) increases rapidly.
E) quickly doubles and then declines.
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
18) Most cell division in the developing neural tube occurs in the
A) hindbrain zone.
B) ventricular zone.
C) ventricles.
D) posterior zone.
E) midbrain.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
19) Most neural proliferation in the developing neural tube occurs in the layer that adjacent to
A) the fluid-filled central canal.
B) the cortex.
C) the marginal zone.
D) layer 6.
E) the neural crest.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
21) In addition to the radial migration of developing neurons, there is considerable __________
migration.
A) rapid
B) tangential
C) intermediate
D) circuitous
E) axonal
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
22) The pattern of neural migration that is indicated by the arrows in this illustration is
A) radial.
B) tangential.
C) inside out.
D) outside in.
E) posterior.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 216
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
23) There seem to be two different mechanisms of neural migration: glia-mediated migration and
A) amoeboid migration.
B) somal translocation.
C) pioneer migration.
D) growth cone translocation.
E) neural cresting.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 216
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
24) Research on the migration of developing neocortical neurons has made one important point:
__________ is everything.
A) Timing
B) Location
C) Genetics
D) Experience
E) Age
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 217
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
26) During the formation of the neural tube, a few cells break off from the neural tube and form a
structure that lies just dorsal to the tube. This structure is the neural
A) groove.
B) canal.
C) crest.
D) zone.
E) layer.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
27) At 24 days after conception, the precursor of the PNS is visible in the developing embryo. This
structure, which is illustrated here at the end of the pointer line, is the neural
A) tube.
B) plate.
C) crest.
A) groove.
E) stem.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
31) Which of the following are amoebalike in their appearance and movements?
A) growth cones
B) ependymal cells
C) neural cell-adhesion molecules
D) radial glial cells
E) retinal ganglion cells
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
32) At the tip of each growing axon or dendrite is an amoebalike process called
A) an amoeba cell.
B) a growth cone.
C) a pioneer cell.
D) a blueprint cell.
E) a growth cell.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 218
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
33) Growth cones extend and retract finger-like cytoplasmic extensions as if they were feeling their way.
These extensions are called
A) adhesion digits.
B) growth cone adhesion digits.
C) filopodia.
D) pseudopodia.
E) siphons.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
34) Sperry’s experiments on eye-rotation in frogs led to an influential hypothesis that explains how
growth cones find their way to their targets: the
A) radial glial hypothesis.
B) cell-adhesion hypothesis.
C) chemoaffinity hypothesis.
D) growth cone hypothesis
E) CAM hypothesis
Answer: C
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 218
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
35) Frogs, unlike mammals, have retinal ganglion cells that are capable of
A) degeneration.
B) proliferation.
C) color vision.
D) regeneration.
E) aggregation.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 218
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
36) In frogs, salamanders, and other simple vertebrates, retinal ganglion cells project primarily to the
A) thalamus.
B) tectum.
C) tegmentum.
D) cerebellum.
E) visual cortex.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
37) In Sperry's classic studies of eye rotation and regeneration of the optic nerves, he assessed the visual
capacities of his subjects by assessing their ability to
A) strike accurately at fly-like stimuli.
B) identify colors.
C) perform a visual discrimination task.
D) detect the presence of dim lights.
E) solve maze problems.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 218
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
38) Sperry's initial version of the chemoaffinity hypothesis of axon growth has difficulty accounting for
A) the results of Sperry's own eye-rotation regeneration experiments.
B) the ability of axons to grow to their correct targets.
C) the ability of axons to follow exactly the same circuitous route to their target in every member of a
species.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 218
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Conceptual)
Rationale: This problem is discussed in the text; A and B are incorrect.
39) The first growth cone of a developing tract to reach the target is called a __________ growth cone.
A) fast
B) pioneer
C) quick
D) early
E) premier
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 219
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
40) Only those growth cones that are not pioneer growth cones can normally find their way to their
targets by
A) chemoaffinity.
B) fasciculation.
C) blueprints.
D) topographic gradients.
E) stopping and asking for directions.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 219
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
41) If an optic nerve of a mature frog is transected and half of the associated retina is destroyed,
A) the axons grow out from the retinal ganglion cells in the remaining half of the retina to their original
targets on the optic tectum.
B) the destroyed retina regenerates and then axons grow out from the complete retina and innervate the
optic tectum in the species-typical fashion.
C) the axons grow out from the retinal ganglion cells in the remaining half of the retina to targets
systematically distributed over the entire optic tectum.
D) half of the optic tectum degenerates.
E) both A and D
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 219
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
Rationale: This point is clearly illustrated in Figure 9.6.
43) Eyes and optic tectums grow at different rates. As they grow, the synaptic connections that were
originally formed on the tectum by axons of retinal ganglion cells shift so that the retina is always fully
and faithfully mapped on the tectum. This finding supports the
A) chemoaffinity hypothesis.
B) pioneer hypothesis.
C) topographic-gradient hypothesis.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Conceptual)
44) Less is known about synapse formation than axon growth because synapse formation requires
A) fasciculation.
B) coordinated activity in at least two cells.
C) growth cones.
D) guidance molecules.
E) regeneration.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 220
49) Evidence suggests that many neurons die during development because
A) they are genetically programmed to die.
B) of their inability to compete successfully for their target's life-preserving chemicals.
C) of failures of regeneration.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 220
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
50) Most of the cell death associated with early development of the brain is
A) necrotic.
B) passive.
C) apoptotic.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: C
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 220
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
51) Apoptosis is safer than necrosis because apoptosis does not involve
A) neuron death.
B) inflammation.
C) suicide.
D) degeneration.
E) synapse rearrangement.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 220
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
52) Neurotrophins
A) are life-preserving chemicals for neurons.
B) are supplied to neurons by their synaptic targets.
C) promote neuron death.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 220
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
56) Between birth and adulthood, the size of the human brain
A) doubles.
B) quadruples.
C) actually declines.
D) stays about the same although the skull grows.
E) increases 10 fold.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221
Topic: 9.2 Postnatal Cerebral Development in Human Infants
Type: (Factual)
57) The last part of the human brain to reach full maturity is the
A) hippocampus.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) amygdala.
D) occipital cortex.
E) hypothalamus.
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 221
Topic: 9.2 Postnatal Cerebral Development in Human Infants
Type: (Factual)
61) The course of human cognitive development is thought to reflect development in the
A) prefrontal cortex.
B) hippocampus.
C) secondary neocortex.
D) posterior parietal cortex.
E) hypothalamus.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 222
Topic: 9.2 Postnatal Cerebral Development in Human Infants
Type: (Factual)
65) Perseverative errors are often made by children between the ages of
A) 3 to 5 months.
B) 7 to 12 months.
C) 1 to 2 years.
D) 2 to 4 years.
E) 4 to 8 years.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 222
Topic: 9.2 Postnatal Cerebral Development in Human Infants
Type: (Factual)
66) It has been suggested that human infants between 7 and 12 months old make perseverative errors
because they do not have a fully developed
A) cortex.
B) prefrontal cortex.
C) hippocampus.
D) visual system.
E) motor system.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 223
Topic: 9.2 Postnatal Cerebral Development in Human Infants
Type: (Factual)
67) Experiences that permit information in brain genetic programs to be expressed and maintained are
called
A) instructive experiences.
B) permissive experiences.
C) critical experiences.
D) sensitive experiences.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
68) In comparison to the cortices of rats that had been reared in enriched environments, the cortices of
rats that had been reared by themselves in barren cages
A) were thinner.
B) had less dendritic development.
C) had fewer synapses per neuron.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 223
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
69) The disruptive effects of total visual deprivation of the left eye on subsequent vision through the left
eye are greater when the
A) right eye is deprived at the same time.
B) deprivation occurs early in life.
C) right eye is not deprived at the same time.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 223
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
70) If just one eye is deprived of input for a few days early in life,
A) the contralateral visual cortex totally degenerates.
B) there is a decrease in the ability of visual cortex to be activated by stimulation of the deprived eye.
C) there is an increase in the ability of visual cortex to be activated by stimulation of the nondeprived eye.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 223
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
72) How long does one eye have to be deprived of stimulation early in life in order to reduce its ability to
activate visual cortex?
A) a few days
B) a few minutes
C) a few seconds
D) a few years
E) a few months
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 223
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
Rationale: This point was not made explicitly, but the experiments that were described all studied the
effects of a few days of monocular deprivation.
73) In one study, a few days of early monocular deprivation decreased the axonal __________ of lateral
geniculate nucleus neurons that normally conducted signals from the deprived eye.
A) branching
B) regeneration
C) width
D) layers
E) degeneration
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 231
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
74) In a classic experiment, Roe and colleagues (1990) caused the developing axons of ferret retinal
ganglion cells of the visual system to synapse in the medial geniculate nuclei of the auditory system. Once
the ferrets matured, their
A) auditory cortex responded to visual stimuli.
B) auditory cortex was laid out retinotopically.
C) auditory cortex had totally degenerated.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Answer: D
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 224
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
75) In a classic experiment, Knudsen and Brainard (1991) raised barn owls with vision-displacing prisms
over their eyes. This led to the ontogenetic development of
A) a corresponding shift in the auditory topographic map in the tectum.
B) a discrepancy between where a stimulus was heard to be and where it was seen to be.
C) the degeneration of the tectum.
D) the degeneration of the visual tectum.
E) the degeneration of the auditory cortex.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 224
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
76) Several studies have shown that early music training increases the size of the
A) auditory cortex that responds to complex musical tones.
B) right hemisphere.
C) auditory cortex that responds to pure tones.
D) brain.
E) auditory cortex.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 224
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
Type: (Factual)
78) The first evidence that new neurons can be created in the brains of adult vertebrates came in the
1980s from the study of
A) the hippocampus.
B) the olfactory bulbs.
C) songbirds.
D) hamsters.
E) the amygdala.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: (Factual)
80) Studies have shown that about __________ new neurons are created each hour in the hippocampus of
adult animals?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 50
D) 100
E) 2,000
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: (Factual)
81) Adult stem cells that ultimately migrate to the olfactory bulbs are created at certain sites in the
A) subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles.
B) ependymal layer.
C) hippocampus.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Answer: B
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 226
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: (Factual)
82) Adult stem cells that ultimately become hippocampal dentate gyrus neurons are created near the
A) dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.
B) olfactory bulbs.
C) ventricles.
D) ependymal layer.
E) central canal.
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 226
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: (Factual)
83) The function of the neurons created in the adult hippocampus by neurogenesis is
A) to improve long-term memory.
B) to improve episodic memory.
C) to improve implicit memory.
D) to improve short-term memory.
E) currently unknown.
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 226
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: (Factual)
85) In a classic study, the area of right somatosensory cortex receiving input from the left hand was
found to be bigger in
A) African drummers.
B) tennis players.
C) piano players.
D) accordionists.
E) musicians who fingered stringed instruments with the left hand.
Answer: E
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 226
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: (Factual)
90) About how many individuals with autism display some savant abilities?
A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 70%
E) 90%
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 236
Topic: 9.5 Disorders of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Applied)
95) Considering their mental retardation, people with Williams syndrome tend to have remarkably good
A) spatial ability.
B) language ability.
C) mathematical ability.
D) explicit memory.
E) drawing ability.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 229
Topic: 9.5 Disorders of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Applied)
96) Although they have many cognitive problems, Williams people have good
A) musical abilities.
B) drawing abilities.
C) language abilities.
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Answer: E
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 230
Topic: 9.5 Disorders of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Applied)
98) Despite general cortical thinning in cases of Williams syndrome, the thickness of the __________
cortex is often normal.
A) orbitofrontal
B) dorsolateral frontal
C) superior temporal
D) posterior parietal
E) both A and B
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 230
Topic: 9.5 Disorders of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Applied)
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK QUESTIONS
1) When the lips of the neural __________ fuse, the result is the neural tube.
Answer: groove
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 215
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: Factual
3) The cortex develops in six waves of radial migration. These waves occur in an __________ pattern.
Answer: inside-out.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: Factual
4) The neural __________ is situated just dorsal to the neural tube and develops into the PNS.
Answer: crest
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 217
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: Factual
6) Pioneer growth cones and their axons lead the growth of subsequent axons along the same route by a
process known as __________.
Answer: fasciculation
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 219
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: Factual
8) If just one eye is deprived of light for several days early in life, the width of the associated ocular
__________ in layer IV of primary visual cortex become narrower.
Answer: dominance columns
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 223
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: Factual
9) Early experience and the resulting changes in neural activity fine-tune subsequent stages of normal
__________ .
Answer: neurodevelopment
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 224
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: Factual
11) In the 1980s, adult neurogenesis was convincingly documented in __________ before being described
in mammals.
Answer: birds (or songbirds)
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: Factual
12) In mammals, substantial adult neurogenesis occurs only in the __________ and hippocampuses.
Answer: olfactory bulbs
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225
13) Adult neural stem cells that eventually migrate to the olfactory bulbs are created at certain sites in the
layer of cells lining the lateral cerebral __________.
Answer: ventricles
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 226
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: Factual
14) Enriched environments increase adult neurogenesis in the rat hippocampus. This effect occurs
largely, if not entirely, because rats living in enriched environments tend to get more __________.
Answer: exercise
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 226
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: Factual
15) __________, or ringing in the ears, causes a reorganization of primary auditory cortex.
Answer: Tinnitus
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 226
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: Factual
16) Approximately 80% of children with __________ are male; 50% suffer from mental retardation; and
35% experience seizures.
Answer: autism
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 227
Topic: 9.5 Disorders of Neurodevelopment
Type: Applied
17) Despite being intellectually handicapped, about 10% of autistic individuals display __________
abilities.
Answer: savant
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 228
Topic: 9.5 Disorders of Neurodevelopment
Type: Applied
18) Autism has been linked to abnormalities of the fusiform face area and __________ neurons.
Answer: mirror
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 236
Topic: 9.5 Disorders of Neurodevelopment
Type: Factual
19) In several respects, autism and ___________ are opposites, which is why it may prove useful to
investigate them together.
Answer: Williams syndrome
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 229
Topic: 9.5 Disorders of Neurodevelopment
Type: Applied
20) The __________ and social skills of people with Williams syndrome are remarkable considering
2) Describe Sperry's eye-rotation experiments and the important theoretical point that they made.
Answer:
70% for describing the experiments
30% for describing the chemoaffinity hypothesis
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 218-219
Topic: 9.1 Phases of Neurodevelopment
Type: (Factual)
3) Discuss the increase in size of the human brain after birth and three kinds of growth that contribute to
it.
Answer:
25% for describing the postnatal growth of the human brain
25% for describing postnatal synaptogenesis
25% for describing postnatal myelination
25% for describing postnatal dendritic branching
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 221-222
Topic: 9.2 Postnatal Cerebral Development in Human Infants
Type: (Factual)
4) Discuss the effects of early experience on neurodevelopment, and describe two examples.
Answer:
60% for discussing the effects of experience on development including critically sensitive periods and the
use-it-or-lose-it principle
40% for two examples of the effects of experience on neurodevelopment
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 223-224
Topic: 9.3 Effects of Early Experience on Development
Type: (Factual)
5) Describe and discuss the research on adult neurogenesis. Describe both early and current research.
Answer:
20% for explaining the concept of adult neurogenesis
40% for describing the research that led to the recognition of adult neurogenesis
40% for describing research that is contributing to our current understanding of adult neurogenesis
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 225-226
Topic: 9.4 Neuroplasticity in Adults
Type: (Factual)