GENERAL SPECIFICATION

CORROSION

GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

04 12/2017 Update material selection for HE

03 11/2016 Clarification on CuNi max. velocity, use of 23.04, air coolers
02 09/2015 Full re-write and inclusion of GS EP COR 104
01 11/2014 Updated in accordance with GS EP SAF 228
00 09/2013 First issue
Rev. Date Purpose of the revision

Owning entity: DSO/IP/TEC Managing entity: DSO/IP/TEC/COR

Other Approving entity(ies):

This document is the property of TOTAL S.A., it contains confidential information which may not be disclosed to any third party,
reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
The information contained in this document does not substitute to the applicable laws and regulations.
 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 2 of 30

Contents

1. Scope ....................................................................................................................... 3

2. Reference documents ............................................................................................. 3

3. Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 5

4. Corrosion evaluation .............................................................................................. 6

5. Production and process systems .......................................................................... 7

5.1 Wellhead equipment/Xmas tree .................................................................................... 10
5.2 Heat exchangers ........................................................................................................... 10
5.3 Flare systems................................................................................................................ 13

6. Specific processes ................................................................................................ 13

6.1 MEG/DEG units for hydrate control and TEG dehydration units .................................... 13
6.2 Amine units ................................................................................................................... 14

7. Material selection for injection systems ............................................................. 21

8. Material selection for utility systems................................................................... 24

9. Material selection for pipelines, flowlines and umbilicals ................................. 27

9.1 Pipelines ....................................................................................................................... 27
9.2 Flowlines ....................................................................................................................... 27
9.3 Umbilicals ..................................................................................................................... 27

10. Fasteners ............................................................................................................... 28

Appendix 1 Material classes for wellheads and X tree equipment (ISO 10423) .................. 29
Appendix 2 Selection of CRAs for piping and vessels ........................................................ 30

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 3 of 30

1. Scope
This Specification defines Company general requirements when performing selection of
materials for pipelines, piping and equipment related to transport and processing of
hydrocarbon production, including utility and injection systems for the entire design life of the
installation. It includes all equipment from and including the well head, to and including pipelines
for stabilized products. It supplements or modifies ISO 21457 International Standard.
In this specification, material selection is first summarized in tables indicating, for different
pieces of equipment and service conditions:
• The “base case” material selection, combined with eventual additional mitigation solutions
and specific conditions determining the applicability of this solution
• Solutions to be used as alternates, if any of the decisive conditions indicated are fulfilled.

2. Reference documents
The reference documents listed below form an integral part of this General Specification.

External Documents
Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and addendums, is the latest revision published at the effective date of this
document.

Reference Title
ISO 10423 Petroleum and natural gas industries - Drilling and production
equipment - Wellhead and christmas tree equipment
API SPEC 6A Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment
API STD 6ACRA Age-Hardened Nickel-Based Alloys for Oil and Gas Drilling and
Production Equipment (Edition 2006)
ASTM A193 Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting
for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other Special
Purpose Applications
ASTM A453 Standard Specification for High-Temperature Bolting, with
Expansion Coefficients Comparable to Austenitic Stainless Steels
ASTM B466 Standard Specification for Seamless Copper-Nickel Pipe and Tube
ASTM B467 Standard Specification for Welded Copper-Nickel Pipe
DNV-RP-F112 Design of duplex stainless steel subsea equipment exposed to
cathodic protection

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 4 of 30

Reference Title
ISO 15156 (Parts 1; 2; 3) Petroleum and natural gas industries - Materials for use in H2S
containing environments in oil and gas production - Parts 1; 2; 3
ISO 21457 Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Materials
selection and corrosion control for oil and gas production systems

Total General Specifications

Unless otherwise stipulated, the applicable version of these documents, including relevant
appendices and addendums, is the latest revision published.

Reference Title
GS EP COR 001 Corrosion control on production facilities: Design and construction
GS EP COR 004 Limiting flow velocities calculations for erosion corrosion purpose
GS EP COR 100 Cathodic protection of offshore structures
GS EP COR 170 Materials for upstream sour service application - Specification for
selection and design
GS EP COR 350 External protection of offshore and coastal structures and
equipment by painting
GS EP COR 354 External protection of onshore structures and equipment by
painting
GS EP COR 356 Corrosion Protection of Fasteners
GS EP ELE 311 Cable Trays/Ladders
GS EP HVA 010 Selection of Stainless Steel Grade for HVAC Equipment
GS EP HVA 202 Air Handling Unit(s) (AHU)
GS EP HVA 400 Ducts for HVAC systems
GS EP INS 101 Instrumentation Design
GS EP INS 114 Instrument Tubing and Fittings
GS EP INS 120 Control and Choke Valves
GS EP INS 125 Safety Relief Valves and Rupture Discs
GS EP INS 137 On/Off Valve Control Panels and Actuators
GS EP PLR 160 Design, fabrication and testing of Subsea Umbilicals
GS EP PLR 205 Carbon steel, clad and lined pipe manufacturing for linepipe
applications according to API SPEC 5L and DNV-OS-F101 (sweet
and sour service, onshore and offshore)
GS EP PLR 241 Fabrication of Super-Duplex Stainless Steel Small Bore Seamless
Tube for Umbilical

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 5 of 30

Reference Title
GS EP PLR 245 Fabrication of Super Duplex stainless steel Small bore seam
welded tubes for umbilical
GS EP PVV 112 Piping material classes
GS EP PVV 211 Design and fabrication of pressure vessels according to ASME VIII
GS EP PVV 212 Design and fabrication of pressure vessels according to
BSI PD 5500
GS EP SPS 029 Metallic Materials for Subsea Production Facilities

3. Abbreviations
For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
13Cr Martensitic Stainless Steel containing 13% Chromium minimum
23.04 Lean duplex UNS S32304 or equivalent
22Cr UNS S32205 or UNS S31803
25Cr UNS S32750 or UNS S32760
310 UNS S31000
316 UNS S31600
316L UNS S31603 (low carbon for welding)
6Mo UNS S31254 or UNS N08926 or UNS N08367 (PREN ≥ 40)
904L UNS N08904
A286 UNS S66286 (ASTM A453 Gr 660 for bolting)
CA Corrosion allowance
C-Mn steel Carbon-Manganese steel
Clad carbon steel Clad carbon steel or weld overlay
CRA Corrosion Resistant Alloy according to ISO 15156-3 Standard definition
(includes all materials other than C-Mn and LAS)
CuNi 90/10 Copper Nickel (UNS C70600) as per ASTM B466 or ASTM B467
CuNi 70/30 Copper Nickel (UNS C71500) as per ASTM B466 or ASTM B467
CL Corrosion likelihood (of an equipment): The likelihood that this
equipment may lose its physical integrity, hence resulting in leakage or
spillage, due to all possible corrosion damages after a certain period of
time, considering the preventive actions possibly implemented and the
corrosion status of the equipment at the date of evaluation. It is currently
expressed in years of remaining service life.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 6 of 30

Corrosiveness Capacity of a fluid or an environment to induce weight loss corrosion to a

material under the operating conditions considered and assuming that
no preventive action is undertaken. It is expressed as a corrosion rate, in
mm/yr or mpy.
CS Carbon steel
Duplex Austenitic-ferritic stainless steel grades including 22Cr and 25Cr (UNS
numbers are listed above)
GRP Glass-fibre Reinforced Plastic
HDG Hot dip galvanized
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
HVAC Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning
High grade Ni-Cr-Mo UNS N10276, N06022, N06200, N06059, N06686
Hyperduplex UNS S32707 (tubular heat exchangers)
LAS Low Alloy Steel
LTCS Low Temperature Carbon Steel
MOP Maximum operating Pressure
NAB Nickel-Aluminum-Bronze UNS C95800
PVDF Polyvinylidene Fluoride
PW Produced Water
SCC Stress Corrosion Cracking
SS Stainless Steel
SW Sea Water
Ts Metal skin temperature
UNS Unified Numbering System (for Alloys)

4. Corrosion evaluation
Material selection is based on the corrosion and erosion assessment specified in
GS EP COR 001, considering that carbon steel is used. All internal and external media shall be
considered for the field design life. The assessment includes transportation, storage,
installation, testing and preservation and any other transient situation to be faced by the
equipment (pre-commissioning, start-up, shut-down, blow down, etc.).
The material selection from this GS is to be reported in the successive documents specified in
GS EP COR 001.
In this document carbon steel means either low alloy steel, C-Mn steel sour or non sour service
or low temperature carbon steel (LTCS).
Sour service requirements shall be established for all equipment according to GS EP COR 170.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 7 of 30

For gas process material selection takes into account the lowest temperature due to gas blow
down in case of rapid depressurization. Table 1 is given for reference. However, actual
allowable minimum temperatures for the various materials is based on the relevant construction
codes and Piping Valves Vessels General Specifications requirements.
Table 1 - Allowable minimum temperatures for typical gas process materials
Material Temperature (°C) Comments
CS and LAS -29
Temperature depends
LTCS (Ni steel) -46 (-60)
on steel nickel content
Duplex SS -46
9%Ni -196
AISI 304/321/316/ -196
Ni alloys -273
Al alloys -273

Material selection for piping, valves and fittings is based on the “Material selection & corrosion
control solutions” report and the present general specification. “Piping material classes” is then
to be selected from GS EP PVV 112 for construction.

5. Production and process systems

The following material selection supersedes and is a complement to ISO 21457 standard
Section 7.2.
Material requirements defined in the GS EP SPS 029 apply for subsea production equipment.
Main material selection bases for oil and gas production and processing systems are defined as
per Table 2 here below, in combination with complementary requirements in following tables
and paragraphs. Any equipment not listed in this table is to be selected consistently with the
neighbouring equipment of this table.

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reproduced, stored or transmitted without the prior written consent of TOTAL S.A.
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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 8 of 30

Table 2
Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
Material classes per
Requirements of
WH- Xtree ISO 10423 / API SPEC 6A and
Appendix 1
API STD 6ACRA
Multiphase gas CRA, per limits of use of Appendix 2 Flow velocities for erosion CS Condition 1
• Condition 2
Multiphase oil, Condition 1 cannot be
CS • Flow velocity CRA
Wet oil guaranteed
limitations
• Dry gas
Piping & • Low water condensation
valves Gas process CRA, per limits of use of Appendix 2 CS rate and no risk of
accumulation
• NCL ≤ Low
• Condition 2
GRP (MOP < 16 bars) Condition 1 cannot be
Produced water CS • Flow velocity or CRA guaranteed
limitations
Wet oil and Dia < 1.5 m/s
CS Internal coating + anodes CRA
Produced water P > 30 bars And NCL > Low
Vessels 1- CS + internal 1- NCL ≤ Medium and P < 30
Wet gas CRA, per limits of use of Appendix 2 coating bars and Dia > 1.5 m
2- CS, no coating 2- NCL = Very Low

Plate HE All CRA, per Table 3

Tubular HE All per § 5.2.2, Table 4
Air coolers All per § 5.2.3, Table 5

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 9 of 30

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
Flare Auto draining profile & Possible water accumulation or
CS, LTCS SS series AISI 300
networks compatible with min. T LT requirement
Alloy 625 or other HT
Flare tip AISI 310 or alloy 800H Very severe corrosiveness
sulfur resistant alloy

Condition 1: Predicted Corrosion Likelihood evaluated as Low or Very Low, either because of a sufficient confidence given in prevention solutions over the
estimated service life, or because of a low enough Natural Corrosion Likelihood.
Condition 2: Efficient chemical treatment, able to minimize the CL of all possible corrosion mechanisms to a Low or Very Low level.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 10 of 30

5.1 Wellhead equipment/Xmas tree

Material selection for Wellhead and Xmas tree equipment shall follow ISO 10423 /
API SPEC 6A and API STD 6ACRA, summarized and complemented in Appendix 1. Material
requirements defined in the GS EP SPS 029 apply for subsea production equipment.

5.2 Heat exchangers

In the following sub-paragraphs temperature limits are given by reference to the metal skin
T +T
temperature Ts. If not explicitly calculated, this skin temperature is approximated by ID OD,
2
where TID and TOD are the respective fluid temperatures on the inside and outside of the tubes/
plates.

5.2.1 Plate heat-exchangers

Material selection is defined as per Table 3 here after, depending on fluids and environmental
conditions.
Table 3 - Material selection criteria for plate Heat Exchangers
▼Side 1 / Side 2 ► Sea Water Wet Gas Wet Oil
Cooling or Hot Water, 1 1
Ti Gr.1 CRA CRA
closed loop
2 2
Wet Gas Ti Gr.1 CRA CRA
2 2
Wet Oil Ti Gr.1 CRA CRA

1- 316L within following limits. Ti Gr.1 above:

-
• Water side: Ts ≤ 120°C and Cl ≤ 1 g/l or Ts < 100°C
-
• Process side: Ts ≤ 120°C and Cl ≤ 1 g/l or Ts ≤ 80°C, and PH2S < 0.1 bar. If PH2S > 0.1 bar, the use
-
of 316L shall be specifically reviewed by Company, depending on T and Cl
2- Same as above, considering Process limits for both sides.
For these plate heat exchangers material selection includes fabrication limitations as well as
corrosion resistance. The possibility of cyclic loading resulting in fatigue cracking is also to be
considered.

5.2.2 Tubular heat exchangers

Material selection is defined in Table 4, as per fluids and environmental conditions, and for H2S
limits below those of GS EP COR 170 on the process side.
For higher H2S contents, the selected materials shall accommodate the H2S limits from
GS EP COR 170 and the limits from Table 4 below on the water side.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 11 of 30

Table 4 - Material selection bases for tubular Heat Exchangers

(T: Tubes, TS: Tubesheet, H: Header or channel and S: Shell)
Shell side ► 1 1 2 3
Sea Water Cold Water Hot water Wet Gas Wet Oil
Tube side ▼
4 4 4
T: UNS 32707 T: UNS 32707 T: UNS 32707
TS: High gr Ni- TS: High gr Ni- TS: High gr Ni-
Cr-Mo Cr-Mo Cr-Mo
Sea Water
H: High gr Ni- H: High gr Ni- H: High gr Ni-
Cr-Mo Cr-Mo Cr-Mo
5 6
S: CS S: See S:See
7
T: 316L- 22Cr 8
T: Ti Gr.2 T: See
TS: 316L (S 8
1 TS: Ti Gr.2 TS: See
Cold Water side)
H: CS H: CS
H:CS 6
S: Ti Gr.2 5 S: See
S: See
9 8
T: CS T: See
9 8
1 TS: CS TS: See
Hot water
H: CS H:CS
6
S: CS S: See
7
T: 316L- 22Cr 9 7 8
T: Ti Gr.2 T: CS T: 316L- 22Cr T: See
TS: 316L (B 9 8
2 TS: Ti Gr.2 TS: CS TS: 316L TS: See
Wet Gas side) 5 5 5
H: per Table 3 5 H: See H:See H:See
H: See 5 6
S: Ti Gr.2 S:CS S: see S: See
S:CS
8 8 8
T: See T: See T: See
T: Ti Gr.2 8 8 8
TS: See (B TS: See (B TS: See (B
3 TS: Ti Gr.2
Wet Oil 6
side) side) side)
H: See 6 6 6
H: See H: See H: See
S: Ti Gr.2 6
S:CS S:CS S:See

1- Cooling or Hot water, closed loop.

2- Assumed wet, corrosive towards CS and with low chlorides (condensed water). If high chlorides from
reservoir water, consider Wet Oil.
3- Assumed to be wet and corrosive to CS, with high chlorides (> 10 g/l).
4- UNS 32707 or Ti Gr.2 depending on procurement cost, availability and installation constraints.
5- Shell or Box in Clad 316L or solid duplex if condensing water is forming inside the vessel in normal
operating condition (wet gas cooler). In CS if no water condensation in normal operating conditions
(e.g. gas heater).
6- Shell or Box in CS if the CL is ≤ Low. For higher CL, Clad 316 or 904L, per limits given in Appendix 2
for vessels.
7- 316L for Ts ≤ 150°C. Choice between 316L or 22Cr depending on respective costs.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 12 of 30

8-
• Tubes: 316L/ 22Cr/ 25Cr if Ts ≤ 80/120/160°C.
• Plate: 316L solid or clad (S side)/22Cr/clad 625 considering overall system/manufacturing
procedures.
9- Gas assumed to be at above dew point under normal operating conditions. If not, same selection as
for Cold water.
CS is only acceptable for tubes when the fluid corrosiveness on both sides is lower than
0.05 mm/y. This is almost uniquely experienced with:
• Dry gas, i.e. with a skin temperature always higher than the Dew point T + 10°C
• Commercial oil, with BSW ≤ 0.5%
• Wet fluid with PCO2 < 10 mbars
• Lean MEG/DEG
• Lean or Rich TEG
• Lean amines.
All cases leading to the selection of CS for heat exchanger tubes shall be documented with
respect to the corrosiveness of all fluids in contact.

5.2.3 Air coolers

The material selection for air coolers is driven by the potential corrosivity of the internal fluid and
external environment. Two types of internal fluids and external environments are considered:
• A “non corrosive” internal fluid (e.g. controlled water in closed circuit, hydraulic oil, etc.)
and a corrosive internal fluid (process fluid, any type of water in “open circuit”, etc.)
• A low to medium external corrosivity (classification C1 to C3) and high to very high
external corrosivity (classification C1 to C3 and C4 to C5-I/M) as per GS EP COR 001.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 13 of 30

Table 5 - Material selection bases for air coolers

(C: Casing­frame, T: Tubes and F: Fins)
Corrosive fluid Non corrosive fluid
1 C: Carbon Steel + external
C: 316L/22Cr
Low to medium external 1
coating per GS EP COR 354
T: 316L/22Cr
corrosivity (onshore, internal T: Copper
offices, etc.) F: Aluminum Series 1000 or
F: Aluminum Series 1000 or
equivalent
equivalent
1
C: 316L/22Cr + external coating C: Carbon Steel + external
High to very high external as per GS EP COR 350 coating per GS EP COR 350
1
corrosivity (onshore hot humid, T: 316L/22Cr T: Copper
coastal, offshore, etc.) F: Aluminum Series 5000 or F: Aluminum Series 5000 or
2 2
equivalent + approved coating equivalent + approved coating

Note 1: For H2S contents higher than limits for materials defined in GS EP COR 170 on the process
fluid side, the selected materials in contact with the internal fluid shall accommodate.
Note 2: A specific baked coating shall be used to avoid external atmospheric corrosion of the fins/tubes.
An approved coating procedure is required to make sure the overall exposed surfaces of the
fins are protected.

5.3 Flare systems

For flare vessels internally coated LTCS or 316L SS is the base case depending on minimal
blow down temperatures.
The main flare piping network can be built in CS or LTCS (if compatible with blow down
temperature) as long as it is designed with an auto-draining profile to the flare drum. The parts
which may not be built with such profile (e.g. at the outlet of piping and vessels) or local sections
subjected to massive spray of condensing water (at the immediate outlet of flaring valves) shall
be designed in SS. 316L is the base case material for flare piping in SS. 904L or 6Mo SS is to
be used for increasing average operating temperature (excluding transient maximum
temperature for exceptional flaring).
The base case materials for flare-tip assembly is either 310 or Alloy 800H SS unless sour gas is
present (> 1000 ppm mol.). In such cases Alloy 625 or other hydrogen sulfide resistant High
Temperature alloys shall be selected with Company approval.

6. Specific processes
6.1 MEG/DEG units for hydrate control and TEG dehydration units
The material selection for MEG-DEG units used for hydrate control and for TEG dehydration
units is respectively defined in Table 6 and Table 7. Any equipment not listed in these tables
shall be selected consistently with the neighbouring equipment of these tables.
The eventual MEG reclaiming unit is not included in Table 6.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 14 of 30

6.2 Amine units

The material selection for amine units is defined in Table 8 and Table 9 respectively for sweet
and sour units. Any equipment not listed in these tables shall be selected consistently with the
neighbouring equipment of these tables.
An amine unit is respectively classified as Sweet or Sour if the CO2/ H2S ratio (in mol % / mol %)
is ≥ 50 or < 50 respectively.

6.2.1 Common requirements for sour and sweet amine units

Sour resistant CS materials shall be used as long as the sour severity determined per
GS EP COR 170 is of a severity level > 1 per pH-PH2S diagram, even for units labelled as
“Sweet” per criteria given here above.
Material requirements given in Table 8 and Table 9 are based on following process and fluid
limits:
• Sum of all acid Heat Stable Salts ≤ 5,000 mg/l
• Chloride content ≤ 500 mg/l
The water used for water make-up is defined as:
• Conductivity < 3.3 µS.cm or a Resistivity > 300,000 Ω.cm
• Dissolved oxygen content ≤ 30 ppb
A PWHT shall be systematically carried for welded equipment in contact with rich and lean
amine, even if not required for sour resistance (case of sweet amines and of lean amines),
except for the plates of the lean amine storage tank.

6.2.2 Additional requirements for sweet amine units

Base case material selection requirements given in Table 8 are for a non complexing tertiary
amine such as MDEA, with non complexing additives.
An extended use of CRA (316L material) is required when primary or secondary amines are
used, even as a mix with tertiary amines (e.g. MDEA + DEA).

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 15 of 30

Table 6 - Material selection bases for MEG-DEG units

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
316L (plate HE or tubes
MEG/MEG exchanger Rich/ Lean MEG PH2S ≤ 1 bar
of Tubular HE)
316L cladding of the upper
MEG regen column MEG/ Cond water CS
section, in gaseous phase
Reboiler drum Lean MEG CS
316L plates If plate Heat Exchanger
Heating coil Lean MEG 316L
Lean MEG cooler
Lean MEG CS
(air cooler)
Reflux condenser Cond water 316L
Reflux drum Cond water 316L clad
Rich MEG piping Rich MEG CS
Lean MEG piping Lean MEG CS
1 Downstream reflux
Gas piping Wet gas CS Low water condensation 316L
condenser
1
Cond water piping Cond water 316L

1 Lean duplex 23.04 may be an option. Thus, the material shall be Solution Annealed without any cold work.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 16 of 30

Table 7 - Material selection bases for TEG dehydration units

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
Contactor Lean/ Rich TEG CS
Flash drum Rich TEG CS
TEG filters Rich TEG CS
316L (plate HE or tubes Plate, shell and box, for
TEG/TEG exchanger Rich/ Lea TEG CS
of Tubular HE) tubular HE
Still column and
Cond water 316L
internals
Reboiler drum TEG CS
Heating coil Lean TEG 316L
Lean TEG cooler Lean TEG CS
Reflux condenser Cond water 316L
Reflux drum Cond water 316L clad
Rich TEG piping Rich TEG CS
Lean TEG piping Lean TEG CS
1 Downstream reflux
Gas piping Wet gas CS Low water condensation 316L
condenser

1 Lean duplex 23.04 may be an option. Thus, the material shall be Solution Annealed without any cold work.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 17 of 30

Table 8 - Material selection bases for sweet amine units

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
CS + 316L for internals
Feed gas filter-
Wet gas and water accumulation
coalescer
areas.
2
Amine contactor Wet gas – amine CS + 316L MDEA Full 316L clad for MEA, DEA, DGA
CS for inlet and outlet
If residual CO2 < 0.1%
Treated gas cooler Cond. water 316L Tubes & boxes boxes
If residual CO2 < 0.025%
CS for tubes
Treated gas KO drum Cond water CS + 316L CS If residual CO2 < 0.1%
3
Amine flash drum Rich amine CS + 316L Full 316L clad for MEA, DEA, DGA
Amine – amine plate
Rich & lean amine 316L EPDM gaskets
exchanger
4
Amine regenerator Rich & lean amine CS & 316L
Amine reboiler Lean amine CS
Heating coil Lean amine 316L
Lean amine cooler Lean amine CS
Amine filters Lean amine CS
Amine storage tank Lean amine CS
Regen condenser Cond water 316L
Cond reflux drum Cond water 316L clad
5 1
Rich amine piping Rich amine 316L CS if Velocity < 1.4 m/s
Lean amine piping Lean amine CS

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 18 of 30

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
Gas piping outlet CS (up to regen. No water accumulation + 5 Possible water
Wet gas 316L
contactor condenser) thermal insulation condensation at high rate
Gas piping outlet regen 5
Wet gas + cond water 316L CS If residual CO2 < 0.1%
condenser
Gas piping outlet 5
Wet gas 316L
regenerator
5
Cond water piping Cond water 316L

1- Flow velocity limitations in rich amine piping: Vsl + Vsg ≤ 2 / 1.4 m/s if Amine loading ratio ≤ / > 0.35 M/M.
2- Use of 316L for contactor:
a. As a clad for the upper part if water wash is present and residual CO2 > 0.1%
b. For trays, valves and downcomers
c. As a clad for the rich solvent outlet nozzle, if the local amine flow velocity is > 1.4 m/s
d. As a clad for the bottom part, if the amine loading is > 0.85 M/M
e. As a full cladding, if primary and secondary amines are used (MEA, DEA, DGA).
3- Use of 316L for amine flash drum:
a. As a full internal cladding, if primary and secondary amines are used (MEA, DEA, DGA)
b. For internals of the fuel gas absorber, if any
c. For upper piping to flare and to check valve, where water may accumulate.
4- Use of 316L for regenerator:
a. For all the upper part of the column (down to tray 5)
b. For all trays, valves and downcomers from top to bottom
c. As a clad of the shell in the steam chamber from reboiler (above chimney tray).
5- Use of lean duplex 23.04 is acceptable in Solution Annealed condition (cold work not allowed).

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 19 of 30

Table 9 - Material selection bases for sour amine units

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
1
CS. CRA for internals
Feed gas filter-
Wet gas and water accumulation
coalescer
areas.
2
Amine contactor Wet gas – amine CS + 316L
CS for inlet and outlet
If residual CO2 < 0.1%
Treated gas cooler Cond. water 316L Tubes & boxes boxes
If residual CO2 < 0.025%
CS for tubes
Treated gas KO drum Cond water 316L clad If residual CO2 ≥ 0.1% CS If residual CO2 < 0.1%
3
Amine flash drum Rich amine CS + 316L
Amine – amine plate EPDM gaskets, if gasket If risk of accidental high
Rich & lean amine 316L Higher grade CRA
exchanger type chlorides in the amine
4
Amine regenerator Rich & lean amine CS + 316L
Amine reboiler Lean amine CS
Heating coil Lean amine 316L
Lean amine cooler Lean amine CS
Amine filters Lean amine CS
Amine storage tank Lean amine CS
Regen condenser Cond water 316L
Cond reflux drum Cond water 316L clad
6 5
Rich amine piping Rich amine 316L CS if Velocity < 1.4 m/s
Lean amine piping Lean amine CS

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 20 of 30

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
Gas piping outlet CS (up to regen. No water accumulation + 6 Possible water
Wet gas 316L
contactor condenser) thermal insulation condensation at high rate
Gas piping outlet regen 6
Wet gas + cond water 316L CS If residual CO2 < 0.1%
condenser
Gas piping outlet No permanent water 6 Permanent water
Wet gas CS 316L
regenerator accumulation accumulation locations
6
Cond water piping Cond water 316L

1- As per GS EP COR 170, considering the low residual chloride present in the residual condensing water.
2- Use of 316L for contactor:
a. As a clad for the upper part if water wash is present and residual CO2 > 0.1%
b. For trays, valves and downcomers
c. As a clad for the rich solvent outlet nozzle, if the local amine flow velocity is > 1.4 m/s
d. As a clad for the bottom part, if the amine loading is > 0.85 M/M.
3- Use of 316L for amine flash drum:
a. For internals of the fuel gas absorber, if any.
4- Use of 316L for regenerator:
a. For all the upper part of the column (down to tray 5)
b. For all trays, valves and downcomers from top to bottom
c. As a clad of the shell in the steam chamber from reboiler (above chimney tray).
5- Flow velocity limitations in rich amine piping: Vsl + Vsg ≤ 2 / 1.4 m/s if Amine loading ratio ≤ / > 0.35 M/M.
6- Use of lean duplex 23.04 is acceptable in Solution Annealed condition (cold work not allowed).

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 21 of 30

7. Material selection for injection systems

The following material selection supersedes and is a complement to ISO 21457 standard
Section 7.3.
The material requirements defined in the GS EP SPS 029 apply for subsea production
equipments.
The main material selection bases for water injection systems are defined in Table 10,
successively for:
• The aerated sea water network, from lifting pumps to deaeration columns
• The deaerated sea water injection network (excluding pipelines and wells)
• The injection network in case of a produced water + seawater mix.
Any equipment not listed in this table is to be selected consistently with the neighbouring
equipment of this table.
The use of graphite gaskets is prohibited in aerated seawater.
Table 10 does not cover the case of raw seawater injection (possibly with an over-chlorination
treatment). For such case, the whole network shall be subjected to a specific design, with all
wetted surfaces made in appropriate corrosion resistant alloys or with organic linings.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 22 of 30

Table 10
Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
Sea water intake network until deaeration
Lift pump intake filter Aerated SW
1
Internal & external organic
Lift pump caisson Aerated SW CS + 6 mm CA GRP
coating
1 2
Lift pump Aerated SW 25Cr External coating + anodes
1 2
External coating + anodes + High grade CRA + HISC control uncertain
Pipe stack Aerated SW 22- 25Cr 6
Resistance to HISC coating & anodes on 25Cr
3, 4 3, 4 5
Sea water piping Aerated SW GRP Cu-Ni or 25Cr
Filters (vessel) Aerated SW CS + internal coating + anodes GRP
Resistance to HISC or
5
Filters (internals) Aerated SW 25Cr Other high grade CRAs to crevice corrosion if
not protected by CP
+ internal coating + anodes.
Deaeration column(s) Aerated SW CS O2 scav injection middle of the
column, above liquid level
Vacuum pumps NAB 25Cr
Deaerated sea water (downstream deaeration columns), no prod. water
3, 4 Where O2 can be
LP deaerated piping Deaerated SW CS Residual O2 ≤ 30 ppb GRP or 25Cr
regularly > 30 ppb
Safety filters Deaerated SW CS + internal coating + anodes GRP or 25Cr
3, 4
HP sea water piping Deaerated SW CS
Booster & HP pumps Deaerated SW 22Cr or 25Cr

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 23 of 30

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
Re-injection WH BB type, No martensitic SS for internals in
Deaerated SW
equipment and Xtree per Appendix 1 contact with the water
Prod water - Sea water mix (downstream deaeration columns)
LP PW piping PW CS Corrosion inhibition
Safety filters PW + SW CS + internal coating + anodes GRP or 25Cr
HP water piping PW + SW CS
Booster & HP pumps PW + SW 22Cr or 25Cr
Re-injection WH BB type, No martensitic SS for internals in
PW + SW
equipment and Xtree per Appendix 1 contact with the water

1- P07 second as per GS EP COR 350, applied on all surface including weldments.
2- Preventing galvanic corrosion between CS caisson and pumps by cathodic protection:
a. Anodes to be located over the permanently submerged section of pumps and pipe stack
b. CP design as per GS EP COR 100
c. A minimal clearance of 150 mm shall be assured between the inner surface of the caisson and the outer surface of pumps
d. Total anode weight shall be calculated to assure protection during min. 5 years over the whole wetted surface of pumps, pipe stack and internal surface of the
caisson, corrected with appropriate Coating Breakdown Factors
e. The suitability of the CP design shall be demonstrated by CP modeling
f. A fixed potential monitoring system using zinc reference electrodes shall be located at critical areas within the caisson.
3- Flow velocity limitations shall be as per GS EP COR 004.
4- If a risk of galvanic corrosion exists between 2 piping sections made of different alloys, an isolating sleeve (length ≥ 3 X flow diameter) shall be used to electrically
isolate dissimilar materials.
5- 25Cr duplex SS can be used in aerated SW up to 35°C with residual chlorine limited to 0.7 ppm.
6- Mandatory requirement to prevent HISC as per DNV-RP-F112 for design and during construction and welding. If not guaranteed, consider alternate solution.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 24 of 30

8. Material selection for utility systems

The following material selection supersedes and is a complement to ISO 21457 standard
Section 7.4.
Piping shall be in accordance with GS EP PVV 112.
The main material selection bases for utility systems are defined in Table 11.
Any equipment not listed in this table is to be selected consistently with the neighbouring
equipment of this table.

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Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 25 of 30

Table 11 - Material selection bases for utilities

Equipment Environment Base case solution Additional requirements Alternate solutions Decisive reasons
Regular chemical
Potable or industrial
Fresh water systems HDPE/ PVC/ 316L Strict pH CS treatment (pH,
aerated water
hardness…)
1
Discharge caissons PW or SW GRP
Sump caissons Aerated mix of waters CS Internal coating + CP
Open drain GRP piping. CS vessels + internal coating + CP 316L, 23.04 or 22Cr cost
2
GRP piping . CS 2 Cost & pressure (GRP up
Closed drain + internal coating + CP 316L SS, 23.04 or 22Cr
vessels to 150 lbs rating)
Other non metallics
Sewage HDPE, PVC, GRP… Cost and strength
depending on max. T
3 7 7 Cost (including
Instrumentation tubing 25Cr duplex 6Mo, 904L
associated fittings)
4
Cable trays GRP 316L cost
Coating if exposed to
5 304L SS, HGD CS,
HVAC systems Air + water 316L severe marine Environment
coated CS
environment
Hydraulic fluid piping CS or 316L
Instrument air piping CS
Inert gas CS
Methanol CS 316L
Chemical injection Other CRAs or non Corrosion resistance in
6 Piping 904L, 25Cr
systems metallics specific chemical

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Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 26 of 30

1. Discharge caissons:
a. GRP or an equivalent non metallic composite shall be the base case (solid or fully lined CS).
b. Mechanical properties shall be assessed with respect to the required strength and fatigue resistance of GRP or the alternate composite material.
c. If a higher strength or abrasion resistance is required, 25Cr duplex SS or CRA clad CS shall be selected for seawater discharge caissons. 25Cr Duplex SS
shall not be used above 25°C seawater temperature if the design includes a risk of crevice corrosion at confined areas at flanges or other assembly points.
d. When GRP or CRA are not acceptable, coated carbon steel shall be used for discharge caissons with an increased corrosion allowance (minimum of 10 mm)
and a high durability internal coating system. (P07 second of GS EP COR 350).
e. Carbon steel shall only be used if discharge caissons design allows easy repair or replacement.
2. Closed drain: as long as CRA is selected, t he base case metallic material shall be 316L SS material unless:
a. The pressure rating and diameter makes the lean duplex 23.04 (or duplex 22Cr) material more cost effective.
b. The water inside is occasionally aerated on upstream process parts.
3. Instrumentation:
a. Tubing and fittings: Ref. to GS EP INS 114.
b. Junction boxes: GRP (Polyester resin) with stainless steel fasteners or 316L SS.
c. Refer to GS EP INS 101, GS EP INS 120, GS EP INS 125 and GS EP INS 137 for instrumentation equipment.
4. Cable trays: Ref GS EP ELE 311:
a. Outdoor: GRP (Polyester resin) or 316L material
b. Indoor: Same as outdoor or HGD steel
c. Onshore: Aluminium 5754 material is accepted.
5. HVAC: Ref. GS EP HVA 010, GS EP HVA 400 and GS EP HVA 202
6. Chemical injection systems:
a. For vessels, piping and valves (including all internals), the compatibility of the selected material in contact with chemicals injected shall be assessed as
regards to corrosion and other chemical damage.
b. Storage vessels shall be made of 316L material or a non metallic structural material (GRP, PE, PP or PVDF.), unless they are rejected due to their
incompatibility with the fluid.
c. As regards external corrosion resistance piping in contact with chemical products shall be made of 904L SS in marine atmosphere. 316L SS is accepted in
non marine atmosphere or in enclosed areas, unless they are rejected due to their incompatibility with the fluid.
7. 316L shall be the base case for onshore units providing the deluge tests are performed with fresh water (no brackish water)

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 27 of 30

9. Material selection for pipelines, flowlines and umbilicals

The following material selection supersedes and is a complement to ISO 21457 standard
Section 7.5.

9.1 Pipelines
Carbon steel material with corrosion inhibition is the base case to be considered for line pipes
selection. Selected material is in accordance with GS EP PLR 205.
In cases where corrosion likelihood (CL) is high or inspection cannot be implemented and
where pipeline diameter and length do not result in an unacceptable over-cost, a CRA solution
shall be selected. The following options shall be considered:
• Internally clad carbon steel with 316L or highly corrosion resistant alloys depending on the
corrosion assessment report
• Weldable 13Cr type martensitic SS, for sweet environment only
• 25Cr or 22Cr duplex SS grade.
For flexible pipes, the carcass CRA material shall be approved by Company.

9.2 Flowlines
The selected base case material for flowlines is carbon steel when CL is Low or Very Low or
when the corrosiveness of the produced fluid is sufficiently low. In other cases CRA shall be
used:
• For topsides flowlines 316L SS is the base case for sweet fluids. 22Cr SS shall be used
as an alternative for cost or weight reduction thanks to higher piping classes. CRA
cladded carbon steel is used for large diameter flowlines.
• For subsea flowlines several options shall be assessed as follows:
- Internally clad carbon steel with 316L or highly corrosion resistant alloys depending on
the corrosion assessment report
- Weldable 13Cr type martensitic SS, for sweet environment only
- 25Cr or 22Cr duplex SS grade.

9.3 Umbilicals
Umbilical tubes are manufactured with 25Cr super duplex SS UNS S32750 as described in
GS EP PLR 160. The tubes are either seamless as per GS EP PLR 241 or seam welded as per
GS EP PLR 245.
A 3 layer polyethylene coating shall be used where the tube operating temperature is above
50°C.

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Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 28 of 30

10. Fasteners
For the splash zone, material selection is selected depending on the application.
Low alloy steel with coating according to GS EP COR 350 shall be selected in areas where
fasteners can be periodically replaced.
Alternatively for specific applications where galvanic corrosion is not an issue titanium grade 5
or a high grade Ni-Cr-Mo alloy with sufficient mechanical strength shall be selected. In the case
of splash zone area (or any location where CP is not efficient), the material for fasteners shall
resist to crevice corrosion with respect to the environmental conditions. Thus, Alloy 718 and
A286 are not recommended. Alloy 625 shall be used intead.
For topsides applications material selection is given in GS EP PVV 112.
304L and 321 fasteners are prohibited for offshore applications and sea shore areas.
25Cr or A286 fasteners shall be used instead of 316L (ASTM A193 B8M) where a risk of SCC
has been identified.
Corrosion protection of fasteners is defined in GS EP COR 356.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 29 of 30

Appendix 1

Appendix 1 Material classes for wellheads and X tree equipment

(ISO 10423)

Corrosion risks Minimum material requirements

Pressure-
Body, bonnet, controlling
Weight loss
Material class Cracking end and outlet parts, stems
corrosion
connections and mandrels
hangers
AA - General service Low No H2S C-Mn or LAS C-Mn or LAS
BB - General service Controlled No H2S C-Mn or LAS Stainless steel
CC - General service High No H2S Stainless steel Stainless steel
DD - Sour service Low Region 1 to 3 C-Mn or LAS C-Mn or LAS
EE - Sour service Controlled Region 1 to 3 C-Mn or LAS Stainless steel†
FF - Sour service High Region 1 to 3 Stainless steel† Stainless steel†
HH - Sour service Very high Region 1 to 3 Nickel alloy Nickel alloy
Materials for which specific sour service testing is performed according
ZZ - Sour service
to ISO 15156-2 Option 2 and Annex B or ISO 15156-3 Annex B

Material classes DD, EE, FF and HH must follow the requirements of ISO 15156-1,
ISO 15156-2 and ISO 15156-3.
In this Table nickel alloy mean alloy 625 and stainless steel generally mean martensitic SS
(13Cr and higher).
† For EE and FF sour service classes the use of 13Cr type SS and other martensitic SS shall be
restricted to the specific service conditions accepted in GS EP COR 170.

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 General Specification GS EP COR 005

Material selection for oil and gas production systems

Rev.: 04 Effective date: 12/2017 Page: 30 of 30

Appendix 2

Appendix 2 Selection of CRAs for piping and vessels

The following Appendix provides specific limits of use of various CRAs in typical EP fluids, with
respect to internal corrosion only. The proper resistance to the external environment must also
be considered.
Materials not explicitly listed in this table but showing equivalent or higher PREN and higher
service limits in GS EP COR 170 (for sour service conditions) can also be used.
1 2
Piping Vessels Internals
5
Clad (or solid) 316L
Sweet 3,4 3,4 5
2 316L, 23.04 , 22Cr Solid 22Cr 316L
(CO2, low to nil H2S) 5
Clad (or solid) 904L
6
6 Clad 904L
Alloy 825 6
5 6 Clad 6Mo
CO2 + H2S Alloy 625 6 Same as vessels
Clad alloy 825
(clad or solid) 6
Clad alloy 625
7
Cu – Ni 25Cr: T≤ 35°C
Sea water GRP Alloy B66: T ≤ 50°C
25Cr, if T ≤ 35°C Alloy C276

1- Materials for valves, flanges, fittings to be per corresponding piping classes of GS EP PVV 112.
2- Materials for vessels shall comply with GS EP PVV 211 and GS EP PVV 212.
3- The sweet limit is this table is the specific limit of use of each considered material in
GS EP COR 170.
4- Selection between 316L and 22Cr for piping: The most cost effective to be selected, depending on
pressure, diameter and material + welding costs, and following technical limits:
• 316L / 23.04: T ≤ 150°C and NaCl equ. ≤ 200 g/l.
• 22Cr: T ≤ 180°C if NaCl equ. ≤ 200 g/l or T ≤ 150°C if NaCl equ. > 200 g/l.
5- Selection between solid CRA and clad CS for Vessels: The most cost effective to be selected,
depending on diameter and weight, and following technical limitations:
• 316L: T ≤ 125°C if NaCl equ. ≤ 200 g/l or T ≤ 100°C if NaCl equ. > 200 g/l
• 22Cr: T ≤ 150°C if NaCl equ. ≤ 200 g/l or T ≤ 125°C if NaCl equ. > 200 g/l
• 904L: T ≤ 180°C if NaCl equ. ≤ 200 g/l or T ≤ 150°C if NaCl equ. > 200 g/l.
6- Material selection limits as per GS EP COR 170
7- Cu-Ni alloys only for continuously flowing sea water or empty when not in use. Long bend radii are
preferred with radius ≥ 1.5 OD.
• CuNi 70/30 – flowing sea water:
≤ 3 m/s for small bore piping and condensers & heat exchangers
≤ 4 m/s for large bore piping ≥ 100 mm ID
• CuNi 90/10: flowing sea water:
≤ 2.5 m/s for small bore piping and condensers & heat exchangers
≤ 3.5 m/s for large bore piping ≥ 100 mm ID

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