Journal - 1

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE : Lalithakumari

NAME;OF THE SPECIALTY : Mtech .
Article : Shear strength characteristics of two-layer geotextile reinforced with flowable fill. Construction and Building
Materials,
Aim:
The aim of study includes:
1. Assessment of Shear Strength: Determine and evaluate the shear strength properties of the two-layer geotextile
in combination with flowable fill. This involves conducting laboratory or field tests to measure shear strength
parameters such as cohesion, internal friction angle, and overall stability.
2. Performance Evaluation: Analyze how the combination of the two-layer geotextile and flowable fill performs
under different loading conditions, including static and dynamic loads. Assess the stability and durability of the
reinforced structure.
3. Comparative Analysis: Compare the shear strength characteristics of the geotextile-reinforced flowable fill with
traditional construction methods or other reinforcement techniques. Identify the advantages and limitations of
using this particular combination.
4. Optimization and Design: Determine the optimal design parameters for using two-layer geotextile with flowable
fill in construction projects. This involves finding the most effective combination of materials, layer configurations,
and placement techniques to enhance shear strength and structural stability.
5. Feasibility and Practical Application: Assess the practical feasibility and applicability of employing this reinforced
system in various construction scenarios. Consider cost-effectiveness, ease of installation, and adaptability to
different soil types and environmental conditions.
Objectives:
The objective is to calculate :
1. Experimental Investigation: Conduct laboratory or field experiments to determine the shear strength properties
of the two-layer geotextile in combination with flowable fill. This involves performing tests specifically aimed at
measuring shear strength parameters like cohesion, internal friction angle, and overall stability.
2. Material Characterization: Analyze the individual properties of the geotextile and flowable fill materials separately
to understand their behavior under different loading and environmental conditions. This includes assessing the
physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of each material.
3. Effect of Layering and Configuration: Investigate how different layering configurations of the geotextile with
flowable fill affect shear strength characteristics. This could involve studying various thicknesses, orientations, or
combinations of geotextile layers to determine the most effective arrangement for reinforcing shear strength.
4. Load and Stress Analysis: Apply varying loads and stress conditions to the reinforced materials to evaluate their
response and deformation characteristics. This analysis could include static and dynamic loading scenarios to
simulate real-world conditions.
5. Comparative Analysis and Validation: Compare the shear strength performance of the two-layer geotextile
reinforced with flowable fill against traditional construction materials or methods. Validate the effectiveness of
the reinforced system by comparing its performance metrics with established standards or existing solutions.
6. Numerical Modeling and Simulation: Develop mathematical models or simulations to predict the behavior of the
reinforced structure under different loading conditions. Validate these models using experimental data and refine
them to provide predictive capabilities for engineers and designers.
Variables
The variables are :
a. Geotextile-related Variables:
Type of Geotextile: Differences in woven, non-woven, or knitted geotextiles and their respective properties.
Geotextile Material Properties: Variations in tensile strength, pore size, thickness, and permeability.
Layering Configuration: Different arrangements or orientations of the geotextile layers (uni-axial, bi-axial, etc.).
Overlap and Interface Bonding: Effects of overlap between geotextile layers and their bonding characteristics.
b. Flowable Fill-related Variables:
Composition of Flowable Fill: Variability in constituents such as cementitious materials, aggregates, and additives.
Mix Proportions: Different ratios or proportions of materials within the flowable fill mix.
Curing Conditions: Influence of curing time and conditions on the flowable fill's strength and interaction with
geotextile.
 Interface Characteristics:
Shear Strength Tests: Direct shear tests, triaxial tests, or other shear-specific testing methods.
 Deformation Characteristics: Analysis of deformation and failure modes under different loading conditions.
 Numerical Modeling: Development and validation of models to predict shear behavior based on experimental
data.
Observations/ findings:
The observed characteristics are:
1. Material Characteristics: The study explore the physical and mechanical properties of the geotextile material
itself, including tensile strength, elongation, and durability. Understanding these properties is crucial for assessing
the effectiveness of the geotextile in reinforcement.
2. Shear Strength Enhancement: One of the primary objectives of the study is likely to evaluate how the presence of
the two-layer geotextile affects the shear strength of the overall composite material, which may include flowable
fill. Researchers typically conduct laboratory tests, such as direct shear tests, to quantify the improvements in
shear strength.
3. Interaction between Layers: If the geotextile is composed of two layers, the study may investigate how these
layers interact with each other and the surrounding materials. This interaction can influence the overall stability
and performance of the reinforced structure.
4. Effect of Flowable Fill: The inclusion of flowable fill introduces a fluid component to the study. Researchers may
examine how the flowable fill interacts with the geotextile layers, and whether it enhances or compromises the
overall shear strength characteristics.
5. Applications in Construction: The study may discuss potential applications of the findings in construction projects.
Geotextile reinforcement is commonly used in applications such as retaining walls, slope stabilization, and road
construction.
Figures

Conclusion
The study concluded that :
1. The reinforced geotextiles exhibited higher peak strengths and higher significant differences between their peak
and residual strengths than the unreinforced geotextiles.
2. The peak and residual strength gains depended on the geotextile type and curing period. In particular, the
residual strength gain of the reinforced geotextiles was affected by the strength development of the flowable fill.
3. The residual friction angles of the three reinforced geotextiles were similar. For all the geotextile types, the peak
and residual friction angles of the reinforced geotextiles were greater than those of the unreinforced ones.

Therefore, based on the shear mechanism, the shear strength characteristics of geotextiles reinforced with a
flowable fill can be determined by considering the geotextile weave structure, curing period, and unconfined
compressive strength of the flowable fill.