IMM2450-8 Distribution, Fittings and Conductors

Summary
• Distribution Systems
• Decentralized
• Dead End/Grid
Distribution, Fittings and • Loop
Conductors • Fittings & Conductors
• Push-In
• Push-On
• Compression
• Hose
Distribution Systems
After the air has

been compressed
Compressed Air Distribution and prepared for
useful work, it is
ready to be
distributed to the
application points
Distribution Systems Decentralized
There are three main types of compressed air • Consist of two or more grids with
distribution systems: their own compressor
• Compressors are closer to the
1. Decentralized point of application
2. Dead End/Grid • Shorter supply lines, therefore
lower pressure drops
3. Loop
• More adaptable to change in plant
requirements
• More equipment to maintain
Dead End Loop
• Simplest system for plumbing • Preferred or recommended method

• Only one compressor • Allows for equal distribution
• Least expensive throughout
• Low flow (air starvation) at the end • Usually more than one compressor
when demands on the system are employed
high • A little more planning required when
using this system
Distribution System Connections Distribution System Connections
• All pipes should be sloped to the corners and ends
(1” to 2” every 10’)
• Drip Legs should be installed at the corners and all
possible low points with a drip leg drain at the bottom
• Take-Off/Header Drops (application air) should be
taken from the top of the Main (Main Pipe) to avoid
water pick up 1 to 2 Inches every 10 Feet
• FRLs should be used at the point of air application
Distribution System Connections Distribution System Connections

Air Take-Off Take Off or
or Header Header
Main
Air Drop
Drip or
Water Leg
FRL
Shut-off Valves
Air Drop Drip or Water Leg
Air Actuator
or Tool
Tubing or Hose
Automatic Drain
Drain Valves Drip Leg Automatic Drain Valve
When water level rises

valve opens to eject the
water then closes again
• Drip and Dead Legs should be
When no pressure, valve
equipped with and automatic drain opens to drain system
valve Nylon mesh ~500 µm to
prevent large solid
• Isolation (venting) valves should be particles clogging
installed just before the drain valve internals
Dead zone where large
particles may settle
Air Fittings and Conductors

• Main air supply fittings and conductors are usually
pipe fittings and pipe up to the point of application
• These pipes are usually National Pipe Thread or NPT
Air Fittings and Conductors which are coated with pipe sealant/dope
• Pipe and Pipe Fittings are covered in more detail in
another course
• At the point of application many types of fittings and
conductors can and are used
Thread Sizes Thread Sizes
The majority of pneumatic applications fittings will be
found in the following sizes: R Thread Sizes
• ISO controlled standard
R 1/8 , R 1/4 , R 3/8 , R 1/2 , R 3/4
G 1/8 , G 1/4 , G 3/8 , G 1/2 , G 3/4 , G 1 • Given in Imperial dimensions
M Series
• Tapered/Conical Thread
NPT/NPTF 1/8 , 1/4 , 3/8 , 1/2
G Thread Sizes
• ISO controlled standard
• Given in Imperial dimensions
• Straight/Cylindrical Thread
Thread Sizes ISO Thread Standards

M Series Thread Sizes Fittings Ports
• ISO controlled standard Taper male threads comply The ports in components
with ISO 7 (BS 21) and are such as cylinders and
• Given in Metric dimensions designated by valves are parallel and
R 1/8 , R 1/4 , R 3/8 , R 1/2 etc. comply to ISO 228
• Straight/Cylindrical Thread
Parallel male and female (BS2779) these are
NPT and NPTF Thread Sizes threads comply with ISO designated
228 (BS 2779) and are G 1/8 , G 1/4 , G 3/8 , etc.
• Not ISO controlled standard
designated Parallel metric threads are
• Tapered/Conical Thread G 1/8 , G 1/4 , G 3/8 , G 1/2 etc. to ISO 261 (BS3643)
Parallel metric threads are designated M5x1, M10x1,
to ISO 261 (BS3643) M12x1.5, etc.
designated M5x1, M10x1,
M12x1.5, etc.
Thread Standards (USA) Sealing the Thread
Fittings Ports Parallel threaded fittings
seal on a washer between
Dryseal threads are taper The ports in components
the fitting and the face of
male threads NPTF such as cylinders and
the component’s port. The
“National (American) valves are NPTF. This
surround to the port is
Standard Pipe Taper Fuel provides a male taper to
usually spot face
and Oil” female taper joint.
machined
Sizes show TPI (threads per NPSF and NPSI parallel
Taper threaded fittings rely
inch). The most popular female threads also allow
on a lightly wedged fit and
range for industrial connection with male taper
use sealant between the
pneumatics are NPTF fittings
1/ -27, 1/ -18, 3/ -18, 1/ -
threads of the fitting and
8 4 8 2 port
14, 3/4 -14
Taper to Parallel Air Fittings and Conductors

Taper fittings are made smaller in diameter as there Fittings and Conductors commonly found at the point of
is no bearing surface required for a washer application include:
Taper fittings do not require the port to be spot faced
so are suitable for ports in non-machined 1. Hose and Hose Fittings
components and ports at an angle to their surface
By manufacturing to selected tolerances taper
2. Tube and Tube Fittings
fittings are successfully used with parallel ports
This combination is very popular in many sectors of
the pneumatics industry
Fittings must not be over tightened, particularly for
ports in thin wall cast material as there is a risk of
cracking the casting
Tube Sizes
Tube sizes are
identified by their o/d
(outside diameter)
The metric range
Tube and Hose Fittings covers 4, 5, 6, 8, 10,

12, 14, 16, 22, 28 mm
o/d
Types and Use
The inch range covers
1/ , 5 / , 3 / , 1/ , 5 / ,
8 32 16 4 16
3/ , 1/ , 5/ , 3/ o/d
8 2 8 4
Tube and Hose Materials Working Pressure Ranges

Plastics The safe working pressure for the majority of
Polyamide ( Nylon ) pneumatic systems is 10 bar maximum with some
Nylon, food grade components up to 16 bar maximum
Polyurethane Most fittings will be safe at pressures in excess of
Terylene braided PVC these but obtain advice
Metal braided rubber
Plastic tubing is limited by wall thickness and operating
Weld tube
temperature
Copper Metal tubing has a higher rating
Annealed
Half hard standard duty
Half hard heavy duty
Steel
Double wall brazed
Working Temperature Ranges Types of Pneumatic Tube Fittings
Temperatures are generally limited by the plastic and 1. Push-In Fittings, very
rubber parts of a fitting and the tube material quick joint with the tube
For extreme temperatures use compression fittings 2. Push-On Fittings, neat,
and metal tube. Also choose taper threads quick joint using a finger
Where parallel threaded fittings are supplied with tight nut
plastic washers the temperature is limited to
3. Compression Fittings, firm
- 40OC to 70OC
joint, for plastic or metal
tube:
1. internal nut version
2. external nut version
Hose Fittings
1. Barbed Clampless
2. Barbed Clamped Push-In Tube Fittings
Push-In Tube Fittings Push-In Fittings Component Parts
General purpose pneumatic
fittings providing neat installation Collet
and fast tube assembly
Collet
For use with flexible plastic
tubing
Teeth
Easy tube release and remake of 6 mm
‘O’ Ring
the joint 6 mm
Vacuum to over 200 psi Body Tube Stop

operating pressure ranges Thread
Comprehensive range of fitting
forms
Typical Metric Range Typical Inch Range

Tube sizes Tube sizes
4 mm o/d 3/16 inch o/d
12 mm o/d Tubing types:
14 mm o/d Polyamide (PA)
Tubing types: Polyurethane (PU)
Polyamide (PA)
Polyurethane (PU)
Typical Range of Thread Sizes Internal Hexagon
Parallel thread sizes The through bore of the
mm
M5 m mm mm
mm
straight adaptors are often
G 1/ 8 standard hexagon sizes
G 1/ 4 Where valve or manifold
G 3/ 8 ports are close pitched,
G 1/ 2 mm conventional wrenched are
mm
Taper thread sizes unsuitable

mm mm
R 1/ 8 Hexagon keys solve the

R 1/ 4 problem
R 3/ 8
R 1/ 2
Tube Preparation
Use a standard tube cutter to give a square end
Ensure that the tube end is clean and free from
surface damage
Push-In Tube Fitting Assembly
900
Push-In Tube Connecting Push-In Tube Connecting
Push the tube through the collet into the fitting Push the tube through the collet into the fitting
Continue pushing firmly through the collet teeth and Continue pushing firmly through the collet teeth and
‘O’Ring up to the tube stop ‘O’Ring up to the tube stop
Pull back on the tube to reinforce the collet tooth Pull back on the tube to reinforce the collet tooth
gripping action. Pressure can then be applied gripping action. Pressure can then be applied
Push-In Tube Connecting Push-In Tube Connecting

Push the tube through the collet into the fitting Push the tube through the collet into the fitting
Continue pushing firmly through the collet teeth and Continue pushing firmly through the collet teeth and
‘O’Ring up to the tube stop ‘O’Ring up to the tube stop
Pull back on the tube to reinforce the collet tooth Pull back on the tube to reinforce the collet tooth
gripping action. Pressure can then be applied gripping action. Pressure can then be applied
Push-In Tube Connecting
Push the tube through the collet into the fitting
Continue pushing firmly through the collet teeth and
‘O’Ring up to the tube stop
Pull back on the tube to reinforce the collet tooth Push-In Fitting Tube Removal
gripping action. Pressure can then be applied
Push-In Tube Removal Push-In Tube Removal

Turn off and exhaust the air pressure Turn off and exhaust the air pressure
Push the tube and collet into the fitting Push the tube and collet into the fitting
Hold down the collet and pull out the tube Hold down the collet and pull out the tube
Push-In Tube Removal Push-In Tube Removal
Turn off and exhaust the air pressure Turn off and exhaust the air pressure
Push the tube and collet into the fitting Push the tube and collet into the fitting
Hold down the collet and pull out the tube Hold down the collet and pull out the tube
Push-In Tube Removal

Turn off and exhaust the air pressure
Push the tube and collet into the fitting
Hold down the collet and pull out the tube
Push-On Tube Fittings

Push-On Fittings Range of Thread Sizes
Neat compact design Parallel threads
Corrosion resistant nickel plated M5
brass construction G 1/8
Knurled tubing nuts for finger tight G 1/4
assembly G 3/8
G 1/2
For use with Polyurethane or
Taper threads
equivalent flexible plastic tubing
R 1/8
Vacuum to 150 psi operating R 1/4
ranges R 3/8
Ambient temperature R 1/2
0OC to 70OC
Tube Preparation
Use a standard tube cutter to give a square end
Ensure that the tube end is clean and free from
surface damage
Push-On Tube Fitting Assembly
900
Push-On Tube Connecting Push-On Tube Connecting
Place the knurled nut over the tube Place the knurled nut over the tube
Push the tube over the barbed stub to the Push the tube over the barbed stub to the
stop stop
Screw on the knurled nut finger tight only Screw on the knurled nut finger tight only
Air pressure can then be applied Air pressure can then be applied

stop stop
stop stop
Push-On Tube Removal

Turn off and exhaust the pressure
Unscrew the knurled nut, using a spanner if
required
Push-On Tube Fitting Removal Pull off the tube
Push-On Tube Removal Push-On Tube Removal
Turn off and exhaust the pressure Turn off and exhaust the pressure
Unscrew the knurled nut, using a spanner if Unscrew the knurled nut, using a spanner if
required required
Pull off the tube Pull off the tube
Push-On Tube Removal

Turn off and exhaust the pressure
Unscrew the knurled nut, using a spanner if
required
Pull off the tube
External Nut Compression Fittings
External Nut Compression
Fittings Thread and Tube Sizes
Rugged and durable Threads range taper
General purpose R 1 / 8, R 1 / 4, R 3 / 8 , R 1 / 2 ,
Wide range of thread and R 3 / 4, R 1
tube sizes Threads range parallel
Can be used with plastic or G 1 / 8 , G 1 / 4 , G 3 / 8, G 1 / 2 Tube
metal tube Tube range mm o/d
Suitable for low and high 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16,
operating temperatures 18, 22
Materials
Vacuum to high pressure
Nickel plated brass body
and nut
Brass tubing sleeve Thread
Parts of a Fitting
Tubing Nut
Tubing Sleeve External Nut Compression Fitting

or Ferrule
Tube assembly
Body
Tube
Plastic washer Stop
on fittings with
parallel threads
Tube Preparation External Nut Tube Connecting
Place the tubing nut and sleeve on to the tube
For plastic tube use a standard tube cutter to give a square
end Push the tube in up to the tube stop and hold it there
Ensure that the tube end is clean and free from surface Screw the tubing nut until finger tight
damage With a spanner tighten the nut by 1 ¼ to 1 ½ turns
For metal tube use correct cutting equipment and ensure the Undo the joint and check the sleeve has been swaged evenly.
tube end is free from burrs Reassemble and tighten an extra ¼ turn
900
External Nut Tube Connecting External Nut Tube Connecting

Place the tubing nut and sleeve on to the tube Place the tubing nut and sleeve on to the tube
Push the tube in up to the tube stop and hold it there Push the tube in up to the tube stop and hold it there
Screw the tubing nut until finger tight Screw the tubing nut until finger tight
With a spanner tighten the nut by 1 ¼ to 1 ½ turns With a spanner tighten the nut by 1 ¼ to 1 ½ turns
Undo the joint and check the sleeve has been swaged evenly. Undo the joint and check the sleeve has been swaged evenly.
Reassemble and tighten an extra ¼ turn Reassemble and tighten an extra ¼ turn
External Nut Tube Connecting External Nut Tube Connecting
With a spanner tighten the nut by 1 ¼ to 1 ½ turns With a spanner tighten the nut by 1 ¼ to 1 ½ turns
Undo the joint and check the sleeve has been swaged evenly. Undo the joint and check the sleeve has been swaged evenly.
Reassemble and tighten an extra ¼ turn Reassemble and tighten an extra ¼ turn
External Nut Tube Connecting

Air pressure may then be applied
External Nut Compression Fitting

Tube Removal
External Nut Tube Removal External Nut Tube Removal
Undo the tubing nut and pull out the tube Undo the tubing nut and pull out the tube
The tubing sleeve is permanently swaged to the tube The tubing sleeve is permanently swaged to the tube
The joint can be made and remade many times The joint can be made and remade many times
If the tube is cut to shorten it, a new sleeve is required but the If the tube is cut to shorten it, a new sleeve is required but the
tubing nut can be reused tubing nut can be reused
External Nut Tube Removal External Nut Tube Removal

If the tube is cut to shorten it, a new sleeve is required but the If the tube is cut to shorten it, a new sleeve is required but the
Internal Nut Compression Fittings
Rugged and durable.
For use with plastic and metal
tubing
Suitable for low and high
Internal Nut Compression Fitting operating temperatures
Vacuum to high pressure
Comprehensive range of sizes
and forms
General purpose application
Thread Sizes (compression fittings) Tube Sizes

Thread sizes range The metric range
R 1/ 8 , R 1 / 4 , R 3 / 8 , R 1/ 2 , R 3 / 4 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18, 22, 28
G 1/ 8 , G 1/ 4 , G 3/ 8 , G 1/ 2 , G 3/ 4 , G 1 mm o/d
NPTF 1/8 , 1/4 , 3/8 , 1/2 The inch range
1/ , 5/ , 3/ , 1/ , 5/ , 3/ , 1/ , 5/ , 3/ o/d
8 32 16 4 16 8 2 8 4
Fitting Parts
Tubing Nut Internal Nut Compression Fitting

Tube Assembly
Tubing
Sleeve or
Ferrule
Body
Tube Stop
Tube Preparation Internal Nut Tube Assembly

For plastic tube use a standard tube cutter to give a Place the tubing nut and sleeve on to the tube
square end Push the tube in up to the tube stop and hold it there
Ensure that the tube end is clean and free from Screw the tubing nut until finger tight
surface damage With a spanner tighten the nut by 1 to 1 ¾ turns
For metal tube use correct cutting equipment and
Slacken off and pinch down again
ensure the tube end is free from burrs
900
Internal Nut Tube Assembly Internal Nut Tube Assembly
With a spanner tighten the nut by 1 to 1 ¾ turns With a spanner tighten the nut by 1 to 1 ¾ turns
Slacken off and pinch down again Slacken off and pinch down again

Internal Nut Tube Assembly

Pressure can then be applied
Internal Nut Fitting Tube Removal

Internal Nut Tube Removal Internal Nut Tube Removal
If the tube is cut to shorten it a new sleeve is required but the If the tube is cut to shorten it a new sleeve is required but the
Internal Nut Tube Removal Internal Nut Tube Removal

If the tube is cut to shorten it a new sleeve is required but the If the tube is cut to shorten it a new sleeve is required but the
Hose Fittings
Rugged design
Employs a hose clamp
Used primarily in applications
Hose Fittings requiring larger volume of air

Found in larger diameters than
tubes
Hose Fitting Use Hose Fitting Use

Place the hose clamp over the hose Place the hose clamp over the hose
Press the hose over the barbed fitting Press the hose over the barbed fitting
Slide the hose clamp over the hose to the barbed Slide the hose clamp over the hose to the
fitting barbed fitting
Crimp/Tighten the hose clamp Crimp/Tighten the hose clamp
Hose Fitting Use
Place the hose clamp over the hose
Press the hose over the barbed fitting
Slide the hose clamp over the hose to the
barbed fitting
Crimp/Tighten the hose clamp

IMM2450-8 Distribution, Fittings and Conductors

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

IMM2450-8 Distribution, Fittings and Conductors

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Summary

After the air has

Dead End Loop

• Simplest system for plumbing • Preferred or recommended method

• FRLs should be used at the point of air application

Distribution System Connections Distribution System Connections

When water level rises

Air Fittings and Conductors

Thread Sizes ISO Thread Standards

Taper to Parallel Air Fittings and Conductors

Tube and Hose Fittings covers 4, 5, 6, 8, 10,

Tube and Hose Materials Working Pressure Ranges

Vacuum to over 200 psi Body Tube Stop

Typical Metric Range Typical Inch Range

Taper thread sizes unsuitable

R 1/ 8 Hexagon keys solve the

Push-In Tube Connecting Push-In Tube Connecting

Push-In Tube Removal Push-In Tube Removal

Push-In Tube Removal

Push-On Tube Fittings

Push-On Tube Fitting Assembly

Push-On Tube Connecting Push-On Tube Connecting

Push-On Tube Removal

Push-On Tube Removal

Can be used with plastic or G 1 / 8 , G 1 / 4 , G 3 / 8, G 1 / 2 Tube

metal tube Tube range mm o/d

Tubing Sleeve External Nut Compression Fitting

External Nut Tube Connecting External Nut Tube Connecting

External Nut Tube Connecting

External Nut Compression Fitting

External Nut Tube Removal External Nut Tube Removal

Thread Sizes (compression fittings) Tube Sizes

Tubing Nut Internal Nut Compression Fitting

Tube Preparation Internal Nut Tube Assembly

Internal Nut Tube Assembly Internal Nut Tube Assembly

Internal Nut Tube Assembly

Internal Nut Fitting Tube Removal

Internal Nut Tube Removal Internal Nut Tube Removal

Hose Fittings requiring larger volume of air

Hose Fitting Use Hose Fitting Use

You might also like