Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Asad Ullah Chaudhry, an Oxford graduate, Masters from Stanford University, and a long
term PgMP® and PMP® practitioner.
He currently runs a project-focused consultancy and training company, AUC (Pvt.) Ltd; an
innovative company: coaching more than a score of organizations. He has also trained more
than 10,000 project management professionals.
As a facilitator, he has more than 300 international events, to his credit, in four continents,
the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia. He uses an innovative corporate case study-based
approach to transform organizational projects.
Globally, he has contributed to PMI’s Standard for Portfolio Management and PMO
Awareness, - which led to him being selected as one of the 25 global leaders for “Masters in
Leadership Program”.
Table of Contents
Knowledge Questions ........................................................................................................ 6
Session 1: Differentiate Project, Operations, and Program ................................................. 6
Session 2: Align Strategy with Execution ............................................................................ 7
Session 3: Design Project Life Cycle .................................................................................... 8
Session 4: Understand Project Manager Competencies ...................................................... 9
Session 5: Evaluate Project Management Requirements in Organizations........................ 10
Session 6: Map PMO in your organization........................................................................ 11
Session 7: Authorize Projects ........................................................................................... 12
Session 8: Create and Publish Project Charter .................................................................. 13
Session 9: Identify and Assess Stakeholders ..................................................................... 14
Session 10: Measure Project Management ...................................................................... 15
Session 11: Plan Stakeholder Engagement ....................................................................... 16
Session 12: Plan Communication Strategy ....................................................................... 17
Session 13: Elicit Requirement ......................................................................................... 18
Session 14: Assess Quality Requirements ......................................................................... 19
Session 15: Develop Project Scope Statement .................................................................. 20
Session 16: Decompose Work Breakdown Structure ......................................................... 21
Session 17: Decompose Project Activities ......................................................................... 22
Session 18: Sequence Project Activities ............................................................................ 23
Session 19: Estimate Project Resources ............................................................................ 24
Session 20: Estimate Project Durations and Costs ............................................................ 25
Session 21: Finalize Schedule and Cost Baselines .............................................................. 26
Session 22: Identify Risks ................................................................................................. 27
Session 23: Analyze Risks ................................................................................................. 28
Session 24: Plan and Execute Risk Responses ................................................................... 29
Session 25: Learn to Lead ................................................................................................. 30
Session 26: Produce Deliverables ..................................................................................... 31
Session 27: Negotiate for Value ....................................................................................... 33
Session 28: Manage Deliverable Issues ............................................................................ 34
Session 29: Manage Execution issues ............................................................................... 35
Knowledge Questions
A. Sequential.
B. Overlapped.
C. Iterative.
D. Related.
A. In agile project management changes are welcome before the start of new iteration.
B. In agile project management iteration duration can be extended to complete the
iteration.
C. In agile project management scope can be defined using user stories.
D. In agile project management team priorities, the scope of the project.
Question 14: Which of the following is not the phase closure terminology?
A. Kill point.
B. Phase gate.
C. Go- No Go.
D. Stage date.
E. Decision
Question 15: Which of the following is not a characteristic of a project life cycle?
A. Stakeholder influence, risk, and uncertainty are highest at the start of the project.
B. Ability of the stakeholder to influence final characteristics of the project’s product
increases as the project progresses.
C. The project life cycle determines which transitional actions at the beginning and end
of the project are included, so that the project can be linked to the ongoing
operations of the performing Organization.
D. Stakeholder influence, risk and uncertainty decrease as the project progresses.
Question 17: Which of the following aspects of a project is not the responsibility of a
project manager?
Question 18: Which of the following is not a talent triangle skill set?
Question 19: One of the key skills of a project manager is integration, and project
manager needs to integrate at different levels. Which of the following is not an example
of the integration level?
A. Process.
B. Knowledge Area.
C. Context.
D. Cognitive.
Question 23: Which of the following regarding Matrix Organization, IS NOT CORRECT?
Question 24: Which of the following statement is INCORRECT for projectized organization?
Question 25: In which type of organization structure project manager manages the budget
of the project?
A. Weak Matrix.
B. Balance Matrix.
C. Strong Matrix.
D. Tight Matrix.
Question 27: Which of the following statement regarding PMO structure is INCORRECT?
Question 28: Which of the following statement regarding project manager versus PMO
manager is INCORRECT?
Question 32: Which of the following is not a document that can be used to make a
decision of project manager selection?
A. Business case.
B. Feasibility.
C. Statement of work.
D. Scope statement.
Question 33: You are given the following four projects. Which project will you select?
Question 34: Which of the following is not an example of organizational process assets?
A. Organizational structure.
B. Project management information system.
C. Government policies and procedures.
D. Organization policies and procedures.
Question 36: Who has the ultimate responsibility to document the project?
A. Project Manager.
B. Project Sponsor.
C. CEO.
D. Functional Manager.
Question 37: Identify the stakeholder who should be part of project charter?
A. Functional Manager.
B. Operation Manager.
C. Project Manager.
D. Project team.
Question 38: Business needs drives the initiation of project. Which of the following is not
an example of business need?
A. Social need.
B. Transformational need.
C. Customer request.
D. Organizational need.
Question 39: Which of the following is not the content of project manager?
A. Project purpose.
B. Exiting criteria.
C. Cost benefits analysis.
D. Success criteria.
Question 41: All of the following statements about sponsor are true EXCEPT?
Question 43: Which of the following is not true for stakeholder register?
A. Power.
B. Impact.
C. Urgency.
D. Legitimacy.
Question 46: Which of the following is not a project management plan document?
A. Change Log.
B. Risk Management Plan.
C. Issue Log.
D. Assumption Log.
Question 50: Which of the following is not true for the project scope management plan?
Question 53: Which of the following is the most effective strategy to convert resistant
stakeholder to supportive stakeholder?
Question 54: Which of the following is not the effective way to collect the feedback?
A. Conduct surveys
B. Monitor key performance indicators
C. Directly discuss with end users
D. Wait end users to provide their input
Question 55: Which of the following is not a good example of active listening?
Question 56: Which type of communication includes meetings, phone calls, and video
conferencing?
A. Pull
B. Push
C. Interactive
D. Conservative
Question 58: Which of the following is not part of communication management plan?
A. Meeting Frequency
B. Meeting Participants
C. Meeting Minutes
D. Meeting Mode
Question 59: The number of communication channels for a project of 13 stakeholders is?
A. 39
B. 52
C. 65
D. 78
Question 60: Which of the following communication technique will help to solve project
complex problems?
A. Formal Written
B. Formal Verbal
C. Informal Verbal
D. Informal Written
A. Stakeholder Requirement
B. Project Requirement
C. Quality Requirement
D. Procurement Requirement
A. Training costs
B. Testing costs
C. Inspection costs
D. Warranty costs
Question 71: Which of the following is not a component of Quality Management plan?
A. Quality objective
B. Corrective action recommendations
C. Quality standards
D. Corrective action procedures
A. Value engineering
B. System engineering
C. Alternative analysis
D. Requirement analysis
Question 77: Which of the following statements about the WBS is incorrect?
A.Control account
B. Milestone
C. Planning package
D. Work package
A.Requirement Document
B. Scope Statement
C. WBS
D. WBS Dictionary
Question 80: Which of the following is not included in the WBS dictionary?
Question 81: Which of the following is a good example of code of account identifier?
Question 84: who of the following is least likely required to decompose work packages to
create activity list?
A. Business Team
B. Project Team
C. Project Manager
D. End User
Question 85: Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding rolling wave
planning?
Question 86: Which of the following statement is correct for activity attributes?
A. Mandatory dependency
B. Discretionary dependency
C. External dependency
D. Customer dependency
A. Lead time
B. Project float
C. Buffer
D. Lag time
Question 90: Which of the following is correct statement for precedence diagramming
method?
Question 91: Which of the following is least used dependency type in Activity on Node
Diagram?
A.Finish-to-Start
B. Start-to-Start
C. Finish-to-Finish
D. Start-to-Finish
Question 92: Which of the following is not a resource type according to 3M?
A. Man
B. Manager
C. Machine
D. Material
Question 94: Which of the following is correct for resource breakdown structure?
A. It provides guidance to the project manager on acquiring resources from outside the
team.
B. It provides guidance to the project manager on identifying the project and product
scope necessary to meet the project objectives.
C. It provides guidance to the project manager on scheduling project management
activities.
D. It provides guidance to the project manager on categorizing and managing project
resources.
Question 97: Which cost estimating technique costs the least and saves the most time?
A. Parametric estimating
B. Bottom-up estimating
C. Analogous estimating
D. Three-point estimates
Question 99: Which of the following estimates is not used when implementing three-point
estimating?
A. Pessimistic
B. Optimistic
C. Most likely
D. Mean
Question 100: Which of the following is a correct range of Rough Order Magnitude?
A. -75% to +25%
B. -10% to +25%
C. -25% to +75%
D. -5% to +10%
Question 101: Which of the following statement is correct for Parametric estimate?
Question 103: Which of the following statement is INCORRECT for resource smoothing?
A. Free and total float are used without affecting the critical path
B. Non critical path activities resources are assigned to critical path activities
C. Critical path float is used to manage the resource smoothing demand
D. Non critical path activities get delayed but it doesn’t impact the project
Question 104: All of the following are ways through which resource levelling can be
achieved EXCEPT?
Question 105: Which of the following statement is correct, if you need to reduce the
project duration without impacting the scope and quality?
A. Total float can affect the calculated early start and finish dates
B. The flexibility of schedule is facilitated by activity total float
C. Networks can have only one critical path
D. Networks may have multiple near critical paths
A. Contingency reserves
B. Management reserves
C. Black swan reserves
D. Buffers
Question 109: Which of the following is not a content of risk management plan?
A.Strategy
B. Assumptions
C. Methodology
D. Funding
Question 110: Which of the following is not a component of SWOT analysis?
A. Strength
B. Weakness
C. Opportunities
D. Triggers
Question 111: Which of the following is not a content of risk register document?
A. Identified risks
B. Potential risk owners
C. Potential risk responses
D.Risk Methodology
Question 114: Which of the following statement is incorrect for qualitative risk analysis?
Question 118: Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding probability
impact assessment?
Question 120: Which of the following statement about positive risk response is
INCORRECT?
Question 127: Which of the following statement is incorrect for project manager?
A. Transformational
B. Expert
C. Coercive
D. Referent
A. Laissez-faire leadership style is hands-off style leadership where team makes their
own decisions
B. Transactional leadership style is based on management by exception
C. Transformational leadership style is based on accomplishment to determine rewards
D. Servant leadership focuses on other people’s growth
Question 132: Which of the following statements on recognition and rewards system is
incorrect?
Question 134: Which of the following is not a concern for virtual team?
Question 135: Which of the following is incorrect for team building stage?
A. During forming stage team learns about their roles and responsibilities
B. During storming stage team works with “I am right” mentality
C. During norming stage team learns to trust each other
D. During performing stage team work “We can work together” mentality
Question 136: Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding team building?
A. Team building activities should be done throughout the project life cycle.
B. Project manager leads the team building activities by providing direction and
guidance.
C. Team building activities are most effective during the early stage of project.
D. Team building activities are not effective for virtual teams.
A. McGregor’s Theory X believes that team needs to be directed as they are not self-
motivated
B. Herzberg's Theory believes that hygiene factors does not impact the team
motivation
C. McGregor’s Theory Y believes that team needs to be coached as they are self-
motivated
D. Herzberg’s Theory believes that high salary, and good working environment
increases the team motivation
A. Self esteem
B. Self-actualization
C. Relationship
D. Safety
Question 141: Which of the following is incorrect for emotional intelligence in projects?
A. Self-awareness
B. Social awareness
C. Self-Management
D. Contract management
Question 145: Which of the following is not an example to raise a change request?
Question 146: Which of the following is not a correct statement for change request type?
Question 147: What is the process of approving changes into the project baseline?
A. After receiving the change requests, all changes will be processed through change
control board for approval
B. Changes in the baseline can be done by PM and team, when it seems necessary
C. Changes in project baselines required addendum in the contract
D. Project baselines cannot be changed once they are baselined
Question 151: Which of the following is not a correct statement regarding conflict?
A. Priorities
B. Work styles
C. Scare resources
D. Ground rules
Question 154: What conflict resolution method should be used during the project status
meetings?
A. Smoothing
B. Forcing
C. Withdrawal
D. Collaboration
Question 155: Which of the following will help to reduce the gap of cultural
differences between team members?
Question 156: Which of the following are ways to capture the knowledge of project?
A. Document
B. Story
C. Pictures
D. Publish
Question 157: The main purpose to manage the team performance is?
Question 163: The key difference between Validate Scope & Control Quality is:
A. Validate Scope is concerned with meeting the quality standards specified.
B. Validate Scope is concerned with the acceptance of deliverables.
C. Validate Scope does not apply in projects that have been cancelled.
D. Validate Scope can never be performed in parallel with Control Quality.
Question 165: Which of the following statement regarding project manager role during
procurement is Correct?
A. Project manager is typically authorized to sign the legal agreements
B. Project manager must be expert in procurement laws and regulations
C. Project manager identifies and document the procurement needs in statement
of work
D. Project manager monitors and control the performance of contractual
relationship
Question 168: Which of the following is not true for statement of work?
A. Statement of work includes the description of product or services needed
B. Seller develops the statement of work
C. Statement of work is subset of scope statement
D. Statement of work may be referred as term of reference for service requirements
Question 169: Which of the following is not correct for bid documents?
A. Request for information is used when more information on the goods and services
are required
B. Request for proposal is used when technical approach is required from seller
C. Request for information is used to inquire how much it will cost
D. Request for proposal is used when formal information is required within
procurement rules for content
Question 171: What is the best way to describe how contract terms and conditions are
created?
A. They use only the company's existing standard terms and conditions
B. They are created based on a risk analysis
C. They are created based on the needs of the seller
D. They are created by the procurement officer assigned to the project
Question 173: Which of the following is incorrect regarding fixed price contracts?
Question 174: Which of the following is incorrect regarding cost reimbursable contracts?
A. Cost reimbursable contracts are best when there are mid project changes expected
B. Seller and buyer both share the risks based on performance in cost reimbursable
contracts
C. Cost reimbursable contracts are good for staff augmentations
D. It is good for large projects with uncertainty in scope
Question 176: What would be the order for seller to negotiate with?
A. Schedule, output, cost
B. Cost, output, schedule
C. Cost, schedule, output
D. Output, schedule, cost
Question 178: Which of the following is not the cause of contract changes?
A. Economic adjustment
B. Technical debt
C. Independent estimates
D. Change requests
Question 179: Which of the following statement regarding contract change control is
incorrect?
Question 180: What is the main difference between contract change control system and
project change control system?
Question 181: What is the best course of action, when contract is closed in between?
Question 185: Which of the following is a valid reason for project schedule delay?
Question 186: Which of the following is a valid reason for negative cost variance?
A- SV = EV - PV
B- EV = SPI / PV
C- CV = EV – AC
D- EV = SPI / AC
Question 190: Which of the following statement is correct for trend analysis?
Question 191: Which formula is valid if you want to estimate new budget based on
current performance?
Question 192: Which of the following is correct for Estimate to Complete (ETC)?
Question 193: Which of the formula is valid if you want to complete the project within
planned budget?
Question 194: Which of the following statement is INCORRECT, regarding project closure
types?
Question 195: Why closing process is important if the project has been terminated
abruptly. Select the BEST option?
Question 196: All of the following are activities of close project or phase process EXCEPT?
A. Finalizing claims.
B. Audit project success of failure.
C. Product transition to end user.
D. Reallocating project facilities.
A. Scope Objective.
B. Quality Objective.
C. Cost Objective.
D. Resource Objective.
Question 200: Which of the following best describes when a project phase is generally
concluded?
Answers
Session 1: Differentiate Project, Operations, and Program
Explanation
Option A: Is one of right answer based on given options.
Option B is a success criteria for program.
Option C is a success criteria for Operations.
Option D is also a success criteria of Program as Benefits = Measurable Outcomes
Explanation
Option A: Is an example of operation.
Option B: Is an example of project activity.
Option C: is an example of Program.
Option D: is and example of Project
Explanation
Option A, B, and C are examples of Operations
Option D is an example of Project/Program
Explanation
Option A, B, and C can be defined as a role of manager projects.
Option D is right definition of Program.
Explanation
Option. A, C, and are examples of Program.
Option B is an example of Project
Explanation
Option A: Mission is your organization purpose not vision
Option B Wrong statement
Option C Vision is the dream or future goal of an organization
Option D Vision and mission are not synonyms
Explanation
Option A, B and D are characteristics of Strategy
Option C is wrong statement
Explanation
Option B: is an example of vision
Option C: is an example of mission
Option D: is an example of Project
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are Portfolio Functions
Option D is right definition of Program.
Explanation
Option B, and C, are examples of Program.
Option D is an example of Project
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are examples of Phase relationships
Option D Related is not a phase relationship type. It is a makeup word.
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are attributes of plan driven life cycle
Option B: Initiation, planning, execution, monitoring, and closing are process groups not
project phases.
Explanation
Option A: In agile project management changes can be accommodated before or during the
iteration
Option B: In agile project management iteration duration cannot be extended.
Option C. In agile project management scope can defined using user stories, features list or
use cases
Option D: In agile project management product owner priorities the scope of the project not
the team.
Explanation
Option A, B, C, and D, are phase closure terminologies
Option E is a makeup word for this question.
Explanation
Ability of the stakeholder to influence final characteristics of the project’s product decreases
not increases as the project progresses.
Explanation
Option A: Develop Project charter is sponsor responsibility
Option B: Gather project requirements from stakeholders is business analyst responsibility
Option D: Project team is Responsible to convert project deliverables into activities
Explanation
Option A, B, and C is the responsibility of project manager
Option D: It is individual responsibility to ensure their integrity
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are talent triangle components
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are project manager integration levels.
Option B is a makeup word
Explanation
Emotional characteristic helps to perceive emotions not cultural awareness
Explanation
Understanding of organization structure helps to identify the power structure which will
help to use political capabilities
Explanation
Option A: Is an example of strong matrix organization structure
Option B: In Functional Organization project manager does not assign resources, although
his role is defined as expeditor, so the option is half true and half false
Option C: No-home after the project is a case of projectized organization
Option D: Is Correct scenario
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements
Option D: In Functional organization project manager works as expeditor and reports
project progress.
Explanation
Option A, and D, are correct statements.
Option C is not a mandatory scenario but it is recommended to have a colocation setup for
project base environment
Option B: Is a case of strong matrix organization
Explanation
Option A: In weak matrix project manager assig resources
Option B: In balance matrix project manager share responsibilities with functional manager
Option D: Tight matrix is not an organization structure it is an alternative name of
colocation, and can also be referred as war room.
Explanation
All are true
Explanation
Portfolio PMO helps to prioritize projects, monitor the status, track risks and share
resources
Explanation
Project manager focuses on delivering project results by focusing on scope, cost, quality
constraints
Explanation
PMO is not responsible for client trainings. It can provide trainings to their organizational
resources
Explanation
Assigning the resources to specific project tasks is a responsibility of project manager not
PMO manager.
Explanation
Business case documentation is done before starting the project initiation. During project
initiation reviewing the business case and making decision based on business case is an
activity.
Explanation
Scope statement document is developed after the project initiation phase.
Explanation
This question is not to compare one selection method over other it is to understand how to
read the results for project selection criteria
Option A: opportunity cost is should be referred with comparison of other projects so A is
not an answer
Option B: Benefit cost ration should be 1 or greater than 1
Option C: IRR is negative
Option D: NPV is positive so it is right answer
Explanation
Work authorization system is a part of enterprise environmental factors
Explanation
Organization policies and procedures are part of organizational process assets
Explanation
Option A: Project manager can help to document the charter but actually project charter is
an appointment letter of project manager
Option B: Project sponsor has the ultimate responsibility to document the project charter
Option C and D: can document project charter but then they will be referred as project
sponsor
Explanation
Project team is not a part of project charter. Charter is an authorization document and it
needs approval from multiple stakeholders.
Explanation
Transformational needs are not a type of business needs. Transformational needs comes
under organizational needs.
Explanation
Cost benefits analysis is part of business case not the project charter.
Explanation
Option A: Increase in 30% sale is an example of benefit and is not a project success criteria
Option B: is a project requirement
Option C: is a success criterion
Option D: is a condition of a project requirement
Explanation
Sponsor can exist from both buyer and seller side
Explanation
There always will be an end user of the product
Explanation
Stakeholders assessment and classification is part of stakeholder register so it is not a public
document and it does not require buy-in or sign off
Explanation
Influence of stakeholder is their ability to cause changes to the project outcomes
Explanation
Classification of salience model are power, urgency and legitimacy
Explanation
As per PMBok Internal and external stakeholders are classified based on their organizations.
Subcontractor is outside the client organization and hence is not a internal stakeholder.
Explanation
Scope statement is a project document
Explanation
Risk management plan is a project management plan document
Explanation
Scope statement is a component of Scope baseline. Scope baseline components are scope
statement, WBS, and WBS dictionary
Explanation
Kickoff meeting is done after project management phase. For small projects it can be done
after initiation. But in question it asks ideally so the right answer is option C
Explanation
Option A, B, and C all are components of scope management plan
Option D: Scope management plan is a process document and it does not contain project
scope
Explanation
The right concept regarding stakeholder is stakeholder engagement. As a project manager
our job is to manage stakeholder expectations
Explanation
Sharing the project outcomes is the most effective way to buy in support from resistant
stakeholders
Explanation
One should use proactive approach to get feedback. Waiting for end. user to provide
feedback is not a good strategy
Explanation
Mirroring the face is disrespectful.
Explanation
Option A: Web portals, Intranet sites, e-learnings are examples of Pull Communications
Option B: Letter, memos, emails and blogs are examples of Push Communications
Option C: Meetings, phone calls and video conferencing are examples of Interactive
communications
Option D: Conservative is a makeup word
Explanation
Option C: Asking questions is an example of verbal communication
Explanation
Meeting minutes are recorded during meetings and are not part of communication
management plan.
Explanation
The number of communication channels = n(n–1) ÷ 2 where n is the number of stakeholders
Explanation
Formal written reduces the communication gap and helps to solve complex problems
Explanation
Project requirement types are Business Requirements, Stakeholder Requirements, Solution
Requirements, Transition Requirements, Project Requirements and Quality Requirements.
Explanation
Nominal Group technique uses voting to prioritize ideas.
Consolidating requirement into map based on similarities and differences is an example of
Mind map
Explanation
Facilitated workshop is more effective with cross departmental resources and helps to
reduce the differences
Explanation
It is not necessary that prototype covers all the functionalities of the expected product
Explanation
Scope statement is a component of scope baseline not the requirement document
Explanation
Plan quality should be performed in parallel with the other planning processes.
Explanation
Quality and Grade are not similar.
We cannot compromise on quality. Grade can be defined based on requirements.
Explanation
Continuous improvement helps to decrease the cost of the project.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C are examples of Cost of conformance
Option D: Warranty costs is associated with cost of nonconformance
Explanation
Number of requirements captured from end user is an example of requirement gathering
and it is not associated with any quality requirements.
Explanation
Corrective action recommendations are a part of quality report
Explanation
Project Management Scope is not a requirement type
Explanation
Alternative analysis is a separate technique used in creating a scope statement
Explanation
Option B, C, D are characteristics of facilitation technique.
Option A: Focus Group helps to capture domain specific knowledge.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C are definitions of Assumption
Option D: Constraints are limiting factors for project not the assumptions
Explanation
Option A: Project Charter formally authorizes a project
Option B: SOW describes procurement items in sufficient details
Option D: WBS subdivided the major deliverable into smaller more manageable components
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are definitions of WBS
Option B: The lowest level of WBS component is referred as Work Package not WBS
Dictionaries
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are components of WBS
Option B: milestones are activities and activities are not a component of WBS
Explanation
Option A: Requirement document is an input of scope baseline, not a component of scope
baseline.
Option B, C, and D, are components of Scope Baseline
Explanation
Resource requirements are part of WBS dictionary but resource assignments are not
Explanation
Numeric numbering system is preferred for WBS code of account identifier
Explanation
Activities are part of activity list, not Work breakdown structure
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are definitions of milestones
Option C: Milestone has technically zero duration. Milestone can inform about phase
completion but it is not equal to phase duration
Explanation
End User providers requirements and he is not involved in identifying activities or
decomposing work packages to list activities
Explanation
Rolling wave planning does not add project scope.
The uncontrolled expansion to product or project scope without adjustments to time, cost,
and resources is referred to as scope creep
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are components of activity attributes
Option C: Project objective identifier is part of requirement traceability document.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are types of dependency determination
Option D is a makeup option
Explanation
Option A: Lead time is a time when a successor activity can start before its planned start
date
Option B: Project float is a time that an activity can be delayed without delaying the project
duration
Option C: Buffer is an extra time added in an activity as reserve for any risks
Option D: Lag time is a waiting time between two activities
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are network diagram types.
Option D: network diagram concept is associated with activities and WBS does not contain
activities
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are characteristics of Arrow diagramming method.
Explanation
Option A: Finish-to-Start is the most used dependency type
Option D: Start-to-Finish is the least used dependency type
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are acronym of 3M (Man, Machine, and Material)
Option B: is a makeup word
Explanation
In Resource Histogram Document we can identify the number and type of resources
required in each WBS, or Phase or Time
Explanation
OBS is arranged as per the structure of organization departments, units, and teams
Explanation
Option A: is a purpose of Procurement management plan
Option B: is a purpose of Requirement management plan
Option C: is a purpose of Schedule management plan
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are attributes of team charter document
Option D: Reporting relationship is part of Project organization chart not Team charter
Explanation
Analogous estimation technique is also referred as Top Down Estimation Technique, and it is
based on previous experience. It saves time and costs least as required information is
available from past projects.
Explanation
Bottom-up estimating is a method of estimating a component of work. The cost of individual
work packages or activities is estimated to the greatest level of specified detail. The detailed
cost is then summarized or "rolled up" to higher levels for subsequent reporting and
tracking purposes. Scope requirements are not used for bottom-up estimating
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are variables of three-point estimates.
Option D is a makeup word
Explanation
Option A: Is a definition of top-down estimation which is also referred as analogous
estimation
Option B: Is a definition of bottom-up estimation which is also referred as ABC estimation
Option C: is a definition of three-point estimation
Option D: is a definition of Parametric estimation
Explanation
Option A, B, and D are correct definitions
Option is an example of milestone chart
Explanation
Resource smoothing helps to secure critical path by utilizing non-critical path resource on
critical path.
Options C is incorrect option as by definition critical path does not have any float.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C are examples of resource levelling which can help us to solve the issue of
resource overallocation.
Option D generally used in agile frameworks to increase the velocity of team to deliver more
work in iteration.
Explanation
Option A: will increase the project duration, here we need to reduce it
Option B: are examples of schedule compression techniques
Option C: is an example of resource smoothing which is not required here
Option D: will impact the scope, which we are not supposed to do
Explanation
Option A: Formula of Cost Baseline = Project Estimates + Contingency Reserve
Option B: Formula of Project Budget = Cost Baseline + Management Reserve
Option C: Management reserves are kept due to black swan events
Option D: Both Contingency reserves and management reserves are buffer.
In exam if we have specific answer and general answer. Select specific answer, like
we selection option A: Contingency reserve
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements.
Option C: implies that risk has only negative impact. However, risk can have both negative
and positive impact on the project objectives.
Negative risks are referred. as threats and positive risks are referred as opportunities
Explanation
Risk Management plan is a process document, which guides how we will perform risk
management in our project.
Option A, C, and D, are components of risk management plan
Option B: Assumptions or Assumption lists is separate document, which helps to identify
project risks.
Explanation
SWOT analysis tools helps to identify risks, and develop strategy.
the components of SWOT are Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. Triggers is a.
makeup word.
Explanation
Risk register is a project document and risk methodology are a part of risk management
plan.
Explanation
Predetermined list of risk categories is an example of prompt list.
Risk breakdown structure contains categories of risks which may/may not occur in the
project. Infact lower level of risk breakdown structure categories can be used in prompt list
document.
Explanation
Qualitative risk analysis is a subjective analysis not objective analysis. Perform qualitative
risks analysis process helps to identify the priority of risks identified during risk identification
process.
Explanation
Quantitative risks analysis helps to statically calculate the impact of project risks.
Execution of risk response strategy is part of implement risk responses process.
Explanation
Expected monetary value (EMV) helps to calculate the contingency reserves
Explanation
Option A is a definition of Decision Tree
Option B is a definition of Sensitivity analysis
Option C is a definition of Influence Diagram
Option D is a definition of Root Cause Analysis
Explanation
Probability impact assessment helps to prioritize project risks
Risks which have HIGH Probability and Medium Impact has more priority than
Medium Probability and HIGH Impact.
Based on above statement Probability has preference on Impact.
Explanation
Option A: To estimate project activity duration we use top down, bottom up, parametric,
and three-point estimation techniques
Option B: Matrix diagrams helps to identify quality metrics for project.
Option C: Resources required in the project can also be estimated through top down,
bottom up, parametric, and three-point estimation techniques
Option D: simulations help to identify the impact of risks on overall project
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are correct statements
Option B: Acceptance response is a strategy for those risks whose opportunity is low. Not
for those whose opportunity is outside the scope of project or project manager authority
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are correct statements
Option B: Acceptance response is a strategy for those risks whose impact is low. Not for
those whose threat is outside the scope of project or project manager authority.
Explanation
Option A: Keeping the time, cost, or resources as contingency for overall project are
examples of active risk response strategy.
Option B: Corrective response is when risk event is triggered and you need to replan the
project, adjust the priority or change the scope or reset the project boundary.
Option C: Preventive risk response is when you are taking action in advance to prevent the
risk to happen.
Option D: Passive risk response is not doing any thing
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements
Option C: Residual risks are those risks that are deliberately accepted, not the ones that
were not identified during planning phase.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are the results of risk review meeting.
Option D Changes in baseline is done after acceptance of change request.
Explanation
Option A, B, and D are correct statements
Option C is incorrect. Project manager needs to be both leader and manager
Explanation
Option A is the responsibility of functional manager. Functional manager focuses on
providing the management oversight not the project manager
Option B, C, and D, are correct statements
Explanation
Option A: Transformational is a leadership style not a power type
Option B: Expert is a power type, but it relates to the skill and knowledge one possesses
Option C: Coercive power is an ability to invoke discipline or negative consequences
Option D: Referent power is all about credibility and respect and it is best for project
manager
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements
Option C: Transformational leadership focuses on individual attributes and behaviors to
inspire motivation and encouragement.
Explanation
Option B, C, and D, are correct statements
Option A: Networking is an informal connection and relations among stakeholders
Explanation
Option A, B, and D are correct statements
Option C: is incorrect as Pre-Assignment is a special case where resources are identified
during authorization, charter, and/or contract time.
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements.
Option C: Working extra hour should not be a requirement for rewards
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements
Option D is incorrect as Conflicts are inevitable in project teams.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements
Option D: is incorrect as virtual team helps teams to work from home. Although virtual team
concept is that teams are working from remote locations or from remote office.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements.
Option D: “We can work together” mentality is developed during norming stage. During
performing stage team works together.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements
Option D: is incorrect, team building activities are necessary for bother virtual teams and
physical teams
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements of motivational theories
Option D: is incorrect statement. According to Herzberg’s theory high salary, good working
environment are example of hygiene factors not motivational factors. Hygiene factors does
not increase the motivation of employees
Explanation
Maslow hierarchy of needs are Physiological needs, Safety needs, Relationship needs, Self
Esteem, and Self-actualization. Self-actualization is a pinnacle of all.
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are correct situations for negotiation
Option B: is incorrect as resolving issues with team members is conflict management
Explanation
During negotiation decision is a tough job to do.
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements relating to negotiations
Option D: As a rule of thumb decisions should be based in objective criteria not on
subjective criteria’s.
Explanation
Emotional intelligence helps in dealing yourself and other stakeholders. However, it does
not reflect in reduces number of change requests.
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements
Explanation
Option A, B, and C are components of emotional intelligence
Option D: contract management is a makeup concept here.
Emotional Intelligence components are self-awareness, Social awareness, Self-management,
and Relationship management
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are correct statements.
Option B: is incorrect, as it enforces that all trainings should occur before execution and
should be planned. Although trainings can be done at any time during the project lifecycle.
It is also not necessary that all training should be planned. Trainings can be both planned
and unplanned. Unplanned training takes place as result of observation, conversation, and
project performance appraisals
Explanation
Option A, B, and C are correct statements for raising change requests
Option D: This is a tricky one additional activity required is an example of progressive
elaboration. It may or may not need a change request.
Explanation
Change request types are corrective actions, preventive actions, updates and defect repairs.
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements
Option C: is an incorrect statement. Updates are changes to formally controlled project
documents, plans etc., to reflect modified or additional ideas or content.
Explanation
Option B, C, and D, are incorrect statements
Option A: is correct. Project baselines will only be updated once changes have been
approved by CCB
Explanation
Option A: Accepting and rejecting the changes is the job of change control board
Option B: Implementing the changes is the job of project team
Option C: Project manager job is to influence the change causes that it should be minimum
Option D: Generally, change requests are raised by internal and external stakeholders.
Project manager receives the changes
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements
Option C: is incorrect statement as change management is focused on approving and
rejecting changes, not configuration management
Explanation
Decision making steps are 1) State the problem 2) Identify alternatives 3) Evaluate
alternatives 4) Make Decision 5) Implement decision
Explanation
Option A, B, and C all are correct statements
Option D: is incorrect statement as conflicts should be addressed early and privately
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements regarding conflict management techniques
Option C is incorrect statement. Cooperative attitude and open dialogues are being using in
collaborative/problem solving technique
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are causes of conflicts and are not right answers
Option D: is a correct. Ground rule is not a cause of conflict. It is a solution to resolve
conflicts in a project.
Explanation
Smoothing is the method that was most likely used to resolve the conflict that arose at the
status meeting. Smoothing is a temporary way to resolve conflict.
Explanation
Understanding cultural difference and respecting cultural values is an important element in
project teams. To reduce the gap of cultural difference between team members, sharing the
unique attributes of cultural values is a good strategy.
Explanation
Options A, B, and C, are ways to share the knowledge of projects
Option D: is incorrect. Publish is not the way to capture the story. It is a way to share it.
Explanation
The main purpose to manage the team performance is to complete the project according to
the project management plan.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are examples of inspection, which helps to validate the project scope.
Option D: is incorrect. Product analysis is a scope definition technique. Not scope validation
Explanation
Option A: Completeness of deliverable will be done during project and phase closure
Option B: Correctness of deliverable will be done during control quality
Option C: Accept of deliverable will be done during validate scope
Option D: Verification of deliverable will be done during control quality
Explanation
Option B, C, and D, are wrong statements
Option A is correct statement. Scope creep is uncontrollable changes in project scope.
Explanation
Changes are inevitable. Having a good change control process that addresses both project
and product scope will ensure manageability of the process.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements.
Option D: Flow chart shows a series of steps that lead to a defect. Not Cause and effect
diagrams. Cause and effect diagrams help to identify the main or root cause of the problem.
Explanation
Validate scope is concerned with the acceptance of deliverables, while control quality is
primarily concerned with the meeting the quality requirements. Both can also be done in
parallel.
Explanation
Option A, and B are responsibilities of procurement manager
Option C mostly done by client or their technical team members
Option D Project manager actually monitors and control the performance of contractual
relationship
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are activities of plan procurement process
Option D: Public the request for proposal is an activity performed during conduct
procurement process
Explanation
Option A, B, C, and D, are correct statements.
Option E: is an incorrect statement as SOW includes the description of products or services
needed in a project not Procurement strategy
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are correct statements
Option B: is incorrect. It’s buyer or client responsibility to develop the statement of work,
not the seller or contractor.
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements.
Option C: is an incorrect statement. Request for quotation is used to inquire how much it
will cost. Not request for information
Explanation
Terms and conditions should reflect the findings of a risk analysis. This means the
project manager has been assigned and has completed the risk management
process before the contract is drafted. Contracts are risk mitigation tools.
Explanation
Options A, B, and C, are correct statements
Option D: is incorrect statement. Time and material contracts can even be started without
statement of work
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements
Option D: is incorrect statement. Time and material contracts are easy to negotiate, not
Fixed price contracts
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statements
Option C, is incorrect statement. Time and material contracts are good for staff
augmentations as it is short term and low in cost.
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are correct statements.
Option B: is incorrect statement. Negotiating the project proposal is not a benefit of bidder
conference. In this event, main target is to walkthrough the scope and answer the seller
questions.
Explanation
Sellers wants to negotiate output/result first, then they prefer to discuss the time it
will take to achieve that and finally the cost.
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are incorrect statements
Option C: is correct statement. A procurement audit identifies what went right and
wrong for the purposes of creating historical records and improving future
performance.
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are causes of contract changes
Option C: Independent estimates is not the cause of contract changes. Independent
estimates are being used to minimize the change
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements regarding contract change control system.
Option D: is incorrect statement. Both buyers and seller can request for changes in project
Explanation
Option A, B, and D are incorrect statements.
Option C: is a correct statement. Contract change control process requires more sign-offs
Explanation
As a project manager you best course of action is to close the procurement as per control
procurement process.
Explanation
Option C: is correct for claims, as claims are contested changed between buyer and seller.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are correct statements.
Option D: is incorrect statement. Cost variance is an example of work performance
information, not work performance data.
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are examples of constraints
Option C: is correct statement. Schedule performance index is an example of KPI.
Explanation
Option A: CPI is 0.8 means project is over budget
Option B: critical resource is on leave can cause the project delay
Option C: SPI 1.1 means project is ahead of schedule. However, question is asking for reason
of project delay.
Option D: PM technical or non-technical expertise is not a reason for project delays.
Explanation
Option A: SPI 0.9 means project is behind schedule.
Option B: Increase in dollar value of critical resource can be a reason for -ve cost variance.
Option C: CPI 1.1 means project is under budget
Option D: PM technical or non-technical expertise is not a reason for negative cost variance.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C are correct formulas
Option D: is incorrect formula. The right formula is EV=SPI/PV not EV=SPI/AC
Explanation
Option A, C, and D, are correct depictions of earned values.
Option B: is incorrect depiction. SV = +ve means project is ahead of schedule not on
schedule. SV = 0 means project is on schedule.
Project manager technical expertise or non-technical expertise is not a reason for project
delays.
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are examples of lagging indicators.
Option C: is correct statement as Estimate at complete provides future value and is an
example of leading indicators.
Explanation
Option A: is a statement about variance analysis
Option B: is a statement about three-point estimates
Option C: is a statement about trend analysis
Option D: is a statement about To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI)
Explanation
Option A: is a formula to calculate new budget based on budgeted rate
Option B: is a formula to calculate new budget based on current rate or current
performance
Option C: is a formula to calculate new budget if both SPI and CPI influence the work
Option D: is a formula of TCPI not EAC
Explanation
Option A: is correct statement for Estimate to complete (ETC)
Option B, C, and D, are incorrect statements
Explanation
Option A: is a TCPI formula which will provide information to check if project can be
completed within planned budget.
Option B, and D, are formulas of TCPI which can be used if new budget is not applicable
Option C: is not a formula of TCPI. It is a formula of ETC. ETC = EAC - AC
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are correct statement regarding project closures.
Option C: is incorrect statement. Integration means project resources are being utilized in
other projects not project is merged into another project.
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, can be consider factors to perform project closure if project is
terminated abruptly. But all options are related to current state or current project.
Option D: is the best option as it will help the organization in future projects.
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are activities of close project or phase process.
Option C: is an activity of Validate scope process
Explanation
Option A, B, and D, are example of administrative closure activities
Option C: is an example of project closure activity
Explanation
Option A, B, and C, are contents of project report.
Option D: is incorrect content
Explanation
Option A, C, and D are examples of phase closure activities.
Option B: is incorrect statement. It is a project closure activity
Explanation
Work for each phase must be inspected and accepted before the phase can be closed out.
Notes