Unit Conv

1m = 100 cm = 3.28 ft = 39.37 inches

1kg = 1000 grams = 2.204 lbm

𝑘𝑔⋅𝑚
1N = 1 𝑠2
= 105 dynes = 0.2248 lb

1 slug = 32.2 lbm

𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒
1 bar = 100 000 Pa = 100 𝑐𝑚 2
= 0.986 atm

1 atm = 760 mm hg = 14.7 psi

𝑘𝐽
KW = 𝑠

F = ma = pVa = slugs x acceleration [English]

W = mg

𝛾 = pg

∆𝑃 = 𝑝𝑔∆ℎ

PE = mgz
1
KE = 2 𝑚𝑣 2

Sensible Heat (𝑄𝑠 ) {Total amount of heat transferred from high to low}

𝑄𝑠 = mC∆𝑇

C = 𝐶𝑣 if the Volume is constant

C = 𝐶𝑝 if the Pressure is Constant

𝐶𝑝
𝐶𝑣
=k

𝑅′
R = 𝑚 ; Where R = Gas constant = 8.134; 𝑚𝑤 = molecular weight {nasa table of
𝑤

elements}
Latent Heat (𝑄𝐿 ) {Unit is kJ}

𝑄𝐿 = mL;

𝑘𝐽
Where L is constant / latent heat{Amount of heat required to change phase 𝑘𝑔}

+Q ---- if Heat is added to the system else –Q

-W if work is done on the system; +W if work is done by the system

Conduction
∆𝑇
𝑄𝑥 = kA𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠

Where:
𝑊
k = 𝑚𝑘

Convection

𝑄𝑐 = hA(𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇𝑓 )

Where:
𝑊
h = 𝑚 2𝑘

Radiation
𝑄𝑒 = 𝜀𝜎𝐴𝑇𝑏4

𝜀 = Absorbability

𝑊
𝜎 = Constant 𝑚2 𝑘 4

Efficiency (𝜂 )
𝑊
𝜂 =𝑄
1

Entropy (∆𝑆 ) {randomness of molecules}

∆𝑄
∆𝑆 = 𝑇

Carnot Efficiency (e)

𝑇𝐻 −𝑇𝐿 𝑄𝐻 −𝑄𝐿
e= =
𝑇𝐻 𝑄𝐻

First Law of Thermodynamics

Q = ∆𝑃𝐸 + ∆𝐾𝐸 + ∆𝑈 + 𝑊

Enthalpy (H) = ∆𝑈 + 𝑊

Work

W = PV