MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION TO CYBERCRIME AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND PROTECTION

Course Number : CDI 9 Instructor: JEANIEL JOY H. BABOL, RCRIM

Course Title : Introduction to Cybercrime and Environmental Laws and Protection
Credits Units : 3 Units Email Address: jeanieljoybabolbscrim@gmail.com
Module No : 7 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/jaji924
Duration : 1 hr. & 30 mins. Mobile No.: 09916140840

I. LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Explain and identify the participation of law enforcement agencies, such as the Philippine National Police (PNP) and
the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), in the enforcement of environmental laws related to pollution, natural
resource management, environmental impact assessments, and other aspects of environmental protection.
2. Explain the importance of environmental laws in the context of criminology education, demonstrating an
understanding of their significance in addressing environmental crimes and promoting sustainability.

II. TOPICS/SUBJECT MATTER

CHAPTER VI: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
1. Key Elements of Environmental Law
2. The Significance of Environmental Laws in Criminology Education

III. REFERENCES
Adelene Maghinay Florendo & Rizza Ruth Maghinay Florendo. (2020). Introduction to Cybercrime and
Environmental Laws and Protection. Wiseman's Books Trading, Inc.

IV. COURSE CONTENT

Environmental law refers to a branch of legal regulations and principles that are
specifically designed to address and govern various aspects of the environment.
These laws are put in place to promote environmental protection, conservation, and
sustainability, and to regulate human activities that have the potential to impact
the environment. Environmental law encompasses a wide range of issues and concerns
related to the natural world and the human impact on it.

Key elements of environmental law include:

1. Regulation of Pollution: Environmental laws often focus on regulating and mitigating pollution in its various forms, including
air pollution, water pollution, soil contamination, and noise pollution. These laws establish limits on emissions and discharges,
and they often set standards for permissible levels of pollutants.
- The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), through the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB),
oversees the regulation of pollution. Specific programs include air quality management, water quality management, and the
control of hazardous waste.
- The Philippine National Police (PNP) plays a role in enforcing environmental laws related to pollution. They may be involved in
monitoring and responding to incidents of illegal discharges, such as air and water pollution violations.

2. Natural Resource Management: Environmental law governs the management and conservation of natural resources, including
forests, fisheries, wildlife, and water resources. It may establish rules for sustainable harvesting, wildlife protection, and the
preservation of ecosystems.
- DENR is also responsible for natural resource management. It administers programs for forest protection and management,
fisheries management, wildlife conservation, and the sustainable use of water resources through the Bureau of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources (BFAR) and the Forest Management Bureau (FMB).
- The PNP and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) are responsible for enforcing laws related to natural resource
management. They may investigate and combat illegal logging, poaching, and illegal fishing activities.

3. Land Use and Planning: These laws can regulate land use and development to ensure that construction and urbanization do
not harm the environment. They may include zoning regulations, building codes, and land preservation measures.
- Land use and planning fall under the authority of local government units (LGUs) in the Philippines. LGUs develop land use
plans and zoning regulations to manage land development in their respective areas. However, DENR plays a role in land
classification and enforcement of land use policies at the national level.
- Local government units (LGUs) are primarily responsible for land use and planning enforcement. They may work with law
enforcement agencies to ensure compliance with zoning regulations and building codes within their jurisdictions.

4. Protection of Biodiversity: Environmental laws are instrumental in protecting endangered species and their habitats. They
often provide measures to prevent the unlawful hunting, poaching, and trafficking of wildlife.
- DENR, specifically the Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB), is responsible for the protection of biodiversity. Programs
include the conservation of endangered species and their habitats, as well as efforts to combat wildlife trafficking.
- Law enforcement agencies like the PNP and NBI are involved in combating wildlife trafficking, illegal hunting, and the
protection of endangered species. They work with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and its
Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) in these efforts.

5. Waste Management: Environmental laws address the proper disposal and management of hazardous and non-hazardous
waste. They regulate waste disposal sites, recycling programs, and the handling of toxic substances.
- Waste management is under the jurisdiction of LGUs. They are responsible for the collection, disposal, and recycling of waste
within their territories. DENR, through its EMB, sets guidelines and standards for waste management practices.
- Law enforcement agencies like the PNP and NBI are involved in combating wildlife trafficking, illegal hunting, and the
protection of endangered species. They work with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and its
Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) in these efforts.
 MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Climate Change Mitigation: Laws related to climate change aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote renewable
energy sources, and encourage energy efficiency. International agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, also play a significant
role in this context.
- The Climate Change Commission (CCC) is the lead agency for climate change mitigation efforts in the Philippines. The CCC is
responsible for implementing climate change policies, promoting renewable energy, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
- The PNP and other law enforcement agencies support the Climate Change Commission (CCC) in enforcing climate change
mitigation measures, such as those related to renewable energy and emissions reduction.

7. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Many environmental laws require that proposed projects, such as infrastructure
developments or industrial facilities, undergo an EIA to assess and mitigate their potential environmental impacts.
- DENR, through the EMB, administers the Environmental Impact Assessment System in the Philippines. It evaluates and
approves EIAs for various development projects to ensure that they are carried out with minimal environmental impact.
- Law enforcement agencies may be involved in investigating and enforcing compliance with environmental impact assessments
as needed, particularly in cases where development projects violate EIA requirements.

8. Environmental Enforcement: These laws establish penalties and mechanisms for enforcement, including fines, sanctions, and
legal actions against individuals, businesses, or organizations that violate environmental regulations.
- Enforcement of environmental laws is primarily the responsibility of DENR, which works in collaboration with other
government agencies. Penalties and enforcement mechanisms are specified in various environmental laws, and law
enforcement agencies like the National Police, Bureau of Customs, and local government units play roles in enforcement.
- The PNP, NBI, and other law enforcement agencies collaborate with DENR's Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) to
enforce environmental laws. This includes conducting investigations and apprehending individuals or entities that violate
environmental regulations.

9. International Cooperation: Environmental law often extends to international agreements and treaties that address
transboundary environmental issues, such as the protection of shared water bodies or the conservation of migratory species.
- The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and DENR work together on matters related to international environmental
agreements and treaties. The Philippines participates in international agreements to address transboundary environmental
issues and promote cooperation in areas such as biodiversity conservation and climate change.
- The PNP and other law enforcement agencies may be involved in international cooperation efforts to combat transboundary
environmental crimes, such as illegal trade in wildlife, and to enforce international environmental agreements to which the
Philippines is a party.

10. Public Participation: Some environmental laws promote public involvement in environmental decision-making processes. This
can include opportunities for citizens to provide input on projects that may affect the environment.
- Public participation in environmental decision-making is encouraged by DENR through various mechanisms, including public
consultations and hearings. It also involves collaboration with non-governmental organizations and civil society to engage the
public in environmental matters. Local government units also play a role in involving their communities in environmental
decisions.
- Law enforcement agencies may help ensure public safety and order during public consultations and hearings related to
environmental decision-making. They work to maintain order and security during such events.

Environmental law is a dynamic and evolving field that responds to changing environmental challenges. It plays a crucial role in shaping
policies and regulations to protect the environment and promote sustainable practices, ensuring that human activities are conducted in
ways that are both beneficial to society and respectful of the natural world.

Studying environmental laws is of great importance for criminology students for several reasons:

1. Understanding Environmental Crimes: Environmental laws are designed to address crimes that harm the environment, such as
pollution, illegal dumping, wildlife trafficking, and deforestation. By studying these laws, criminology students gain a deep understanding
of the various types of environmental crimes and their impacts.

2. Preventing and Investigating Crimes: Knowledge of environmental laws equips criminology students with the skills needed to
prevent and investigate environmental crimes. This includes understanding the legal framework, evidence collection, and the procedures
for reporting and prosecuting offenders.

3. Interdisciplinary Approach: Environmental law intersects with various disciplines, including science, policy, and ethics. Studying
these laws encourages criminology students to adopt an interdisciplinary approach to understanding and addressing environmental
issues.

4. Global and Local Relevance: Environmental crimes often have global implications. Understanding international environmental
agreements and conventions helps students appreciate the global scope of environmental issues. Moreover, environmental laws are
applicable at both national and local levels, making them relevant to different communities.

5. Promoting Justice and Accountability: Environmental laws often aim to hold individuals and organizations accountable for their
actions that harm the environment. This contributes to the broader goals of justice and accountability within society, which are
fundamental principles in criminology.

6. Addressing Criminological Theories: Studying environmental laws can be a practical application of criminological theories, such as
strain theory (related to economic and environmental factors), social disorganization theory (impacts of environmental degradation on
communities), and routine activities theory (opportunities for environmental crimes).

7. Sustainable Futures: Environmental laws are critical for building a more sustainable future. Understanding these laws and the
consequences of environmental crimes is essential for ensuring that future generations inherit a healthy and thriving planet.

In summary, studying environmental laws as a criminology student is not only important for understanding the legal framework
surrounding environmental issues but also for addressing the pressing challenges of environmental crime and contributing to a more just
and sustainable world.
 MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

V. EVALUATION

In this exercise, you will be presented with a series of scenarios related to environmental law. Your task is to match each scenario to the
key elements of environmental law listed below.

________1. In the Philippines, the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) collaborates with the
Philippine National Police (PNP) and other law enforcement agencies to monitor industrial facilities
and enforce regulations aimed at controlling pollution. These efforts include overseeing emissions
from factories, monitoring water quality in rivers and coastal areas, and addressing noise
pollution concerns in urban areas. By working together, they ensure that businesses and
individuals adhere to established standards for permissible levels of pollutants, thus safeguarding
the environment and public health. a. Regulation of Pollution
________2. In the Philippines, when a large-scale infrastructure project, like a new industrial
facility or a major road construction, is proposed, it must undergo a comprehensive b. Natural Resource
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). This assessment is a vital step to evaluate the potential Management
environmental consequences and develop mitigation strategies to safeguard the environment. The
EIA process ensures that development projects are carried out with the utmost consideration for c. Land Use and Planning
environmental sustainability and the well-being of local communities.
________3. In a situation where a neighboring country and the Philippines share a vital waterway,
d. Protection of
international cooperation becomes paramount. Environmental law facilitates agreements and
Biodiversity
treaties to manage and protect this shared resource, ensuring its sustainability and the
preservation of aquatic ecosystems in both nations.
________4. In response to rapid urbanization and increasing construction activities in a densely e. Waste Management
populated city, the local government has implemented strict zoning regulations and building
codes to safeguard the environment. These measures aim to balance the need for urban f. Climate Change
development with the preservation of green spaces, ensuring that the city's growth is sustainable Mitigation
and environmentally responsible.
________5. In the Philippines, Environmental Enforcement involves rigorous implementation of g. Environmental Impact
environmental laws, allowing authorities to impose fines, sanctions, and take legal actions against Assessment
individuals, businesses, or organizations found in breach of environmental regulations. This
ensures accountability and serves as a deterrent against harmful environmental practices. h. Environmental
________6. In a recent environmental case, law enforcement agencies collaborated with local Enforcement
government units to investigate and enforce regulations related to waste management. They
conducted inspections of waste disposal sites, ensuring compliance with environmental laws
i. International
governing the proper disposal of both hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Additionally, they Cooperation
closely monitored recycling programs and ensured the safe and lawful handling of toxic
substances, exemplifying the commitment to environmental protection and sustainability.
________7. In a recent environmental impact assessment for a proposed industrial development in j. Public Participation
a coastal community, the local government organized a public hearing to adhere to the principles
of public participation outlined in environmental laws. During the hearing, concerned citizens and k. Environmental
community members were invited to voice their opinions and share their insights on the potential Compliance Verification
environmental impacts of the project, ensuring that their perspectives were considered in the
decision-making process.
________8. In a recent case in the Philippines, law enforcement agencies, in close coordination l.
with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), took decisive action to
combat illegal logging activities in a protected forest area. The operation resulted in the arrest of
individuals involved in the unlawful cutting of trees, highlighting the importance of enforcing
environmental laws to safeguard our forests and preserve our natural resources for future
generations.
________9. In response to the illegal hunting and trafficking of endangered species, law
enforcement agencies, such as the Philippine National Police and the National Bureau of
Investigation, work closely with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to enforce
environmental laws. This collaborative effort aims to safeguard the nation's rich biodiversity by
apprehending wildlife traffickers, preventing poaching, and ensuring the protection of endangered
species and their habitats.
________10. In the Philippines, climate change mitigation efforts, as mandated by laws, focus on
reducing greenhouse gas emissions, fostering the adoption of renewable energy sources, and
advocating for increased energy efficiency. These measures are aligned with international
agreements, notably the Paris Agreement, which guide the nation's commitment to addressing
global climate challenges.
 MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CRIMINOLOGY

CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
_________________________________________________________________________________________________

Multiple Choice: Select the correct answer by marking the letter (A, B, C, or D) on your answer sheet. Please ensure that you review your
choices before submitting your responses. Good luck!

________1. A company is fined for illegally discharging toxic chemicals into a nearby river, violating water quality regulations. This
scenario is primarily related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Natural Resource Management B. Protection of Biodiversity C. Regulation of Pollution D. Climate Change Mitigation

________2. The local government enforces zoning regulations to prevent industrial facilities from being constructed in a protected forest
area. This scenario is primarily related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Land Use and Planning B. Environmental Enforcement C. Public Participation D. Waste Management

________3. Law enforcement agencies apprehend poachers who have been hunting endangered species in a national park. This scenario is
primarily related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Protection of Biodiversity C. Regulation of Pollution
B. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) D. Climate Change Mitigation

________4. An evaluation is conducted for a proposed construction project near a sensitive coastal ecosystem. This scenario is primarily
related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Waste Management C. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
B. Public Participation D. International Cooperation

________5. The government promotes the use of solar power and wind energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This scenario is
primarily related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Land Use and Planning B. Climate Change Mitigation C. Regulation of Pollution D. Protection of Biodiversity

________6. Local authorities implement a recycling program to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. This scenario is primarily
related to which key element of environmental law?
A. International Cooperation B. Waste Management C. Public Participation D. Climate Change Mitigation

________7. The Philippines collaborates with neighboring countries to combat illegal fishing in shared marine territories. This scenario is
primarily related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Protection of Biodiversity B. Land Use and Planning C. Regulation of Pollution D. International Cooperation

________8. Citizens are invited to participate in public consultations on a proposed development project in their community. This scenario
is primarily related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Environmental Enforcement C. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
B. Public Participation D. Natural Resource Management

________9. A legal action is taken against a company for violating air quality standards and emitting pollutants that harm public health.
This scenario is primarily related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Regulation of Pollution B. Waste Management C. Protection of Biodiversity D. Land Use and Planning

________10. The government works with international partners to meet emission reduction targets set by global climate agreements. This
scenario is primarily related to which key element of environmental law?
A. Climate Change Mitigation C. Environmental Enforcement
B. International Cooperation D. Regulation of Pollution