APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 1

EXERCISE – 3: Previous Year Questions

1. We have, P ( x ) = 0.005 x3 + 0.02 x 2 + 30 x 5. Let ' a ' be the side of the equilateral triangle,
da

dP
= 0.015 x 2 + 0.04 x + 30
Then = 2cm / sec
dx dt
Let ' A ' be the area of the equilateral triangle, then
 dP 
 = 0.015  3 + 0.04  3 + 30
2
Now, 
 dx  x =3 A=
3 2
a 
dA
= 2
3 da
a =
3 da
a
4 dt 4 dt 2 dt
= 30.255
Value indicated in the question is that the increase in  dA  3
  =  20  2 = 20 3cm 2 / sec .
pollution is due to the increase in use of diesel vehicles.  dt  a = 20 2

2. Total revenue is given by 6. Let foot of the ladder is at a distance of ' x ' from the wall
R ( x ) = 3x 2 + 36 x + 5 and height of the wall ' y ' . Here, x 2 + y 2 = 52 .

dR Differentiating w.r.t. t,
 Marginal revenue = = 6 x + 36
dx dx dy
We get 2 x + 2y =0
 dR  dt dt
Now,   = 6  5 + 36 = 66
 dx  x =5 dy x dx
 =−
Value indicated in the question is that more amount of dt y dt
money is spent for the welfare of the employees with the
increase in marginal revenue.

3. Given,
C ( x ) = 0.005 x 3 − 0.02 x 2 + 30 x + 50

dC
Marginal cost = = 0.015 x 2 − 0.04 x + 30
dx
 dC  When x = 4m; y 2 = 52 − x 2 = 52 − 42 = 32  y = 3m and
Now,   = 0.015  3002 − 0.04  300 + 30
 dx  x =300 dx
= 2cm / sec (Given)
= 1350 − 12 + 30 = 1368 . dt
dy 400 8
The value indicated here is that a kind of care and concern is  =  2 = − cm / sec .
shown towards the health students of primary classes by dt 300 3
providing free mid-day meal to them.  The height of the ladder on the wall is decreasing at the
8
rate of cm / sec .
4. Here, R ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 36 x, 3

dR 7. Let at any instant of time t , the radius of the base of the

 Marginal expenditure = = 6 x + 36
dx cone be r , its height be h and the volume of one be V ,
1
 dR  then h = r  r = 6h
  = 6 1200 + 36 = 7236 6
 dx  x =1200
1 1
and V =  r 2 h =  ( 6h ) h = 12 h3
2
The value indicated here is that is that a kind of help is
provided to poor and deserving students who want to study 3 3
but they do not have sources to purchase books. ………….. (i)
 2 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

Differentiating (i) w.r.t. t, we get dy

For y to be an increasing function, 0
dV  dh  2 dh dx
= (12 )  3h 2   12 = 36 ( 4 )
dt  dt  dt  x ( x − 1)( x − 2 )  0
 dV  Case 1: When −  x  0
 h = 4cm and = 12cm3 / sec 
 dt 
dy
 0  y is a decreasing function.
dh 12 1 dx
 = = cm / sec
dt 36 16 48 Case 2: When 0  x  1
 Height of the sand cone is increasing at the rate of
dy
1  0  y is an increasing function.
cm / sec . dx
48
Case 3: When 1  x  2
dy
8. We have,  0  y is a decreasing function.
dx
f ( x ) = 3 x 4 − 4 x 3 − 12 x 2 + 5
Case 4: When 2  x  
f ' ( x ) = 12 x − 12 x − 24 x = 12 x ( x − x − 2 )
3 2 2
dy
 0  y is an increasing function.
 f ' ( x ) = 12 x ( x + 1)( x − 2 ) dx
 y is an increasing function in  0,1   2,  ) .
Now, f ' ( x ) = 0

 12 x ( x + 1)( x − 2 ) = 0  x = −1, x = 0 or x = 2
10. Here,
Hence these points divide the whole real line into four 3 4 4 3 36
disjoint open intervals namely ( −, −1) , ( −1, 0 ) , ( 0, 2 ) and f ( x) = x − x − 3x 2 + x + 11
10 5 5
( 2,  ) . Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get

Sign of f ' ( x )
3 4 36
Interval Nature of f '( x) =  4 x 3 −  3x 2 − 3  2 x +  1
function 10 5 5

( −, −1) ( − )( − )( − )  0 Strictly

decreasing 5
(
6 3
x − 2 x 2 − 5 x + 6 ) = ( x − 1) ( x 2 − x − 6 )
6
5
6
( −1, 0 ) ( − )( + )( − )  0 Strictly = ( x − 1)( x + 2 )( x − 3)
increasing 5
 f ' ( x ) = 0  x = −2,1,3
( 0, 2 ) ( + )( + )( − )  0 Strictly
decreasing Hence, the points divide the real line into disjoint intervals
( 2,  ) ( + )( + )( + )  0 Strictly ( −, 2 ) , ( −2,1) , (1,3) and ( 3,  ) .
increasing
Interval` Sign of f ' ( x ) Nature of function
(a) f ( x ) is strictly increasing in ( −1, 0 )  ( 2,  )

(b) f ( x ) is strictly decreasing in ( −, −1)  ( 0, 2 ) .

( −, −2 ) ( − )( − )( − )  0 Strictly decreasing

( −2,1) ( − )( + )( − )  0 Strictly increasing

9. Here, y =  x ( x − 2 )  = x ( x − 2)
2 2 2

(1,3) ( + )( + )( − )  0 Strictly decreasing

dx
 = 2x ( x − 2) + 2x2 ( x − 2)
2

dx
( 3,  ) ( + )( + )( + )  0 Strictly increasing
= 2 x ( x − 2 )( x − 2 + x ) = 4 x ( x − 1)( x − 2 )
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 3

(a) f ( x ) is strictly increasing in ( −2,1)  ( 3,  ) 13. We have,

4sin   
(b) f ( x ) is strictly decreasing in ( −, −2 )  (1,3) . y= −  ,  0, 
2 + cos   2

dy  ( 2 + cos  ) cos  − sin  ( − sin  ) 

11. The given function is  = 4  −1
d ( 2 + cos  )
2
 
f ( x ) = sin x + cos x;0  x  2
4 ( 2cos  + 1)
 f ' ( x ) = cos x − sin x = −1
( 2 + cos  )
2

Now, f ' ( x ) = 0  cos x − sin x = 0

8cos  + 4 − ( 2 + cos  )
2

 5 =
( 2 + cos  )
2
 tan x = 1  x = ,
4 4
  4cos  − cos 2   
Thus f ' ( x )  0 in 0,  = ; 4 − cos   0 in 0, 
( 2 + cos  )  2
2
 4
  5 
f ' ( x )  0 in  , 
( −1  cos   1)
4 4 
 
and ( 2 + cos  )  0 in 0, 
2

 5   2
f ' ( x )  0 in  , 2 
 4  (Being a perfect square)
  5   
 The function f is decreasing in  ,  and it is 
dy
 0 for all   0, 
4 4  d  2
    5 
increasing in 0,    , 2  .  
 4  4  Hence y is increasing function in 0,  .
 2

12. The given function is 14. Here, f ( x ) = 2 x 3 − 9 x 2 + 12 x − 15

f ( x ) = x 4 − 8 x 3 + 22 x 2 − 24 x + 21
 f ' ( x ) = 6 x 2 − 18 x + 12
 f ' ( x ) = 4 x 3 − 24 x 2 + 44 x − 24
= 6 ( x 2 − 3x + 2 ) = 6 ( x − 2 )( x − 1)
= 4 ( x3 − 6 x 2 + 11x − 6 )
(a) For f to be increasing,
= 4 ( x − 1) ( x 2 − 5 x + 6 ) f ' ( x )  0  6 ( x − 2 )( x − 1)  0

= 4 ( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)  ( x − 2 )( x − 1)  0  x − 2  0, x − 1  0,

Thus f ' ( x ) = 0  x = 1, 2,3 . or x − 2  0, x − 1  0

Hence, possible disjoint intervals are ( −,1)( ,1, 2 ) , ( 2,3)  x  2 or x  1  x  ( 2,  ) or x  ( −,1)

and ( 3,  ) . In the interval ( −,1) , f ' ( x )  0  f is increasing in ( −,1   2,  ) .
In the interval (1, 2 ) , f ' ( x )  0 (b) For f to be decreasing,

In the interval ( 2,3) , f ' ( x )  0 f ' ( x )  0  ( x − 2 )( x − 1)  0

In the interval ( 3,  ) , f ' ( x )  0  x  2 and x  1  1  x  2  x  (1, 2 )

 f is increasing in 1, 2  3,  ) and f is decreasing in  f is decreasing in 1, 2 .

( −,1   2,3 .
 4 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

15. Given: f ( x ) = 2 x 3 + 9 x 2 + 12 x + 20  ( x − 1) ( x − 2 )( 5 x − 8)  0
2

 f ' ( x ) = 6 x 2 + 18 x + 12  ( x − 2 )( 5 x − 8 )  0  ( x − 1)  0x  R 
2
 
= 6 ( x 2 + 3x + 2 ) = 6 ( x + 1)( x + 2 )  x − 2  0,5x − 8  0
(a) For f to be increasing, 8 8 
  x  2  x   , 2 .
f ' ( x )  0  6 ( x + 1)( x + 2 )  0 5 5 

 ( x + 1)( x + 2 )  0  x + 1  0, x + 2  0
17. Here, f ( x ) = x 3 − 3x 2 + 4 x
or x + 1  0, x + 2  0
 f ' ( x ) = 3x 2 − 6 x + 4 = 3 ( x 2 − 2 x ) + 4
 x  −1 or x  −2  x  ( −1, − ) or ( −, −2 )
= 3 ( x 2 − 2 x + 1) − 3 + 4
 f is increasing in ( −, −2   −1,  ) .
= 3 ( x − 1) + 1  0x  R
2
(b) For f to be decreasing,

f ' ( x )  0  ( x + 1)( x + 2 )  0  f is strictly increasing on R .

 x + 1  0 and x + 2  0
 x  −1 and x  −2 18. Here, f ( x ) = x 2 − x + 1; x  ( −1,1)

 −2  x  −1  x  ( −2, −1)  f '( x) = 2x −1

 f is decreasing in  −2, −1 . 1

f '( x) = 0  x =
2
 1 1
16. Here, f ( x ) = ( x − 1)  ( x − 2 )
3 2
Now f ' ( x ) = 2  x −   0 for  x  1
 2 2
 f ' ( x ) = 3 ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) + ( x − 1)  2 ( x − 2 )
2 2 3
1 
 f is strictly increasing in  ,1
2 
= ( x − 1) ( x − 2 ) 3 ( x − 2 ) + ( x − 1)
2

 1 1
Also, f ' ( x ) = 2  x −   0 for −1  x 
= ( x − 1) ( x − 2 )( 5 x − 8)
2
 2 2
(a) For f to be an increasing function,  1
 f is strictly decreasing in  −1,  .
f '( x)  0  2
Thus f is neither strictly increasing nor strictly decreasing
 ( x − 1) ( x − 2 )( 5 x − 8)  0
2

in ( −1,1) .
 ( x − 2 )( 5 x − 8 )  0
19. x = 3cos t − cos3 t and y = 3sin t − sin 3 t
 ( x − 1)  0x  R 
2
  Now,
 x − 2  0,5x − 8  0 or
= −3sin t + 3cos 2 t sin t = −3sin t (1 − cos 2 t )
dx
x − 2  0,5x − 8  0 dt
8  8 = −3sin t sin 2 t = −3sin 3 t
 x  2 or x   x   2,  ) or x   −, 
5  5
= 3cos t − 3sin 2 t cos t = 3cos t (1 − sin 2 t )
dy
Also,
(b) For f to be decreasing function, dt

f '( x)  0 = 3cos t cos2 t = 3cos3 t

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 5

dy dy / dt 3cos3 t cos3 t x 2 = 4by …(ii)

So, = = =− 3
dx dx / dt −3sin t
3
sin t Solving (i) and (ii), we get
−1 sin t3
2
Slope of normal = =  x2 
dy cos3 t   = 4ax
 4b 
Required equation of normal is
 x 4 − 64ab2 x = 0  x ( x3 − 64ab2 ) = 0
sin 3 t
y − ( 3sin t − sin 3 t ) =  x − ( 3cos t − cos3 t ) 
cos3 t    x = 0, 4a1/3b2/3
 y cos3 t − 3sin t cos3 t + sin 3 t cos3 t When x = 0, y = 0

= x sin3 t − 3cos t sin3 t + sin 3 t cos3 t

When x = 4a b 1/3 2/3
,y
( 4a 1/3 2/3 2
b ) = 4a 2/3b1/3
 y cos t − x sin t = 3sin t cos t ( cos t − sin t )
3 3 2 2
4b

3sin 2t  cos 2t Thus, the given curves intersect at ( 0, 0 ) and

 y cos3 t − x sin 3 t =
2 ( 4a b , 4a 2/3b1/3 )
1/3 2/3

 y cos3 t − x sin 3 t =
3 sin 4t
 At ( 0, 0 ) the angle between the curves is 90
2 2
differentiating (i)with respect to x, we get
 4 ( y cos3 t − x sin 3 t ) = 3sin 4t.
dy
Hence proved. 2y = 4a
dx
dy 2a
 =
20. We have, y 2 = ax3 + b dx y
Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get 1/3
 dy  1a
 m1 =   =  
dy dy 3ax 2  ( 4 a b ,4 a b ) 2  b 
dx
2y = 3ax 2  = 1/3 2/3 2/3 1/3

dx dx 2y
Differentiating (ii) with respect to x, we get
 dy   3ax 2 
  =  = 2a dy
 dx ( 2,3)  2 y ( 2,3) 2 x = 4b
dx
So, equation of tangent at the points ( 2,3) is dy x
 =
y − 3 = 2a ( x − 2 ) dx 2b

 y = 2ax − 4a + 3 ….(i)  dy 
 m2 =  
 dx ( 4 a1/3b2/3 ,4 a2/3b1/3 )
But we are given that equation of tangent at ( 2,3) is
1/3
y = 4x − 5 …(ii) 4a1/3b 2/3 a
= = 2 
 On comparing (i) and (ii), we get
2b b

2a = 4  a = 2 Let  be the angle between the two curves. Then,

m1 − m2
Point ( 2,3 ) lies on the curve y 2 = ax3 + b, tan  =
1 + m1m2
 ( 3) = ( 2 ) a + b  9 = 8a + b
2 3
1/3 1/3
1a
a
− 2 
 
 9 = 8  2 + b  b = −7 . 2b
b
 tan  = 1/3 1/3
1a a
1+    2 
21. The given curves are 2b b
y 2 = 4ax …(i)
 6 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

−3  a 
1/3
 dy  
    = − cot = −1
2 b −3a b 1/3 1/3
  =
dx  4
 tan  = =
2 ( a 2/3 + b 2/3 )
4
2/3
a
1+   
b Hence, the equation of the tangent at = is
4
−3 ( ab )
1/3
y − a cos3  = ( −1) ( x − a sin 3  )
  = tan −1
.
2 ( a 2/3 + b 2/3 )  1  3  1  3  a
 x + y = a   +  =
 2   2   2
22. We have, 9 y 2 = x3 ….(i)
 2x + 2 y = a
Differentiating (i) w.r.t.x, we get
and the equation of the normal is
dy dy x 2
= 3x 2  =
18 y
dx dx 6 y y − a cos3  =
1
− ( −1)
( x − a sin 3  )
Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be the point on (i) where the normal makes
 y − a cos3  = ( x − a sin 3  )
equal intercepts on the axes
 9 y12 = x13 ….(ii)   1 3  1 3 
 x − y = a − 
  2   2  
x12  
Now, slope of tangent at ( x1 , y1 ) is
6 y1  x− y =0.
6 y1
 Slope of normal at ( x1 , y1 ) is −
x12 x2 y 2
24. The given curve is − =1
Since the normal makes equal intercepts on the axes, a 2 b2
6 y1 Differentiating w.r.t.x, we get
 Its slope = 1  = 1 …(iii)
x12 2 x 2 y dy dy x / a 2 b 2 x
2
− 2  =0 = = 
2 a b dx dx y / b 2 a 2 y
 x2 
Now from (ii) and (iii), we get 9  1  = x13
 6  At P ( 2a, b )
x14 b 2 2a
 = x13  x1 = 4 Slope of the tangent =  = 2
b
4 a 2
b a
16 8
Putting x1 = 4 in (iii), we get y1 =  = a
6 3 and slope of the normal = −
b 2
 8  Equation of the tangent at P is
Hence, the points are  4,   .
 3
y −b = 2
b
a
( b
)
x − 2a  y = 2 x − b
a
23. We have, x = a sin 3  ; y = a cos3  Also equation of the normal at P is

( ) a2
dx a ax
= 3a sin 2  cos  and y −b = − x − 2a  y = − +b+ .
d 2b 2b b
dy
= 3a cos 2  ( − sin  ) 25. y = x3 − 11x + 5 ….(i)
d
Differentiating (i) w.r.t. x, we get
dy −3a sin  cos 2  cos 
 = =− = − cot  dy
dx 3a sin 2  cos  sin  = 3x 2 − 11 = slope of tangent
dx
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 7

Also, equation of tangent is y = x − 11 dy 1− x

 =0 = 0  x =1
 its slope = 1. dx y

So 3x2 − 11 = 1  x2 = 4 Putting the value of x = 1 in (i), we get

 x = 2 (1) + y 2 − 2 (1) − 3 = 0  y 2 = 4
2

Putting the values of x in (i), we get  y = 2

y = 2 − 11( 2 ) + 5 = 8 − 22 + 5 = −9
3
 The points are (1, 2 ) and (1, −2 ) .
y = ( −2 ) − 11( −2 ) + 5 = −8 + 22 + 5 = 19
3

So, points are ( 2, −9 ) and ( −2,19 ) . 28. Here, y = x 4 − 6 x3 + 13x 2 − 10 x + 5 ….. (i)

But only ( 2, −9 ) satisfies the equation of tangent. When x = 1, y = 1 − 6 + 13 − 10 + 5 = 3 .

We want to find tangent to (i) at P (1,3) .

So required point is ( 2, −9 ) .
Differentiating (i) w.r.t.x, we get
dy
26. The given parabola is = 4 x3 − 18 x 2 + 26 x − 10
dx
y 2 = 4ax ….. (i)
 dy 
2a    = 4 − 18 + 26 − 10 = 2
 Slope of the tangent to (i) at ( x1 , y1 ) is  dx  P
y1
Hence the equation of the tangent to (i) at P (1,3) is
Equation of the tangent to (i) at ( x1 , y1 ) is
y − 3 = 2 ( x − 1)  y = 2 x + 1 .
2a
y − y1 = ( x − x1 )
y1
29. The given curve is
 yy1 − y12 = 2ax − 2ax1
4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 36
 yy1 = 2ax + ( y12 − 2ax1 ) …..(ii) dy dy 4x
 4  2x + 9  2 y =0 =−
Now, ( x1 , y1 ) lies on (i), dx dx 9y

Let P  ( 3cos  , 2sin  )

 y12 = 4ax1 …… (iii)

y12 − 2ax1 = 2ax1 ... ( iii )  dy  −4 3cos  2 cos 

  =  =−
 dx  P 9 2sin  3sin 
From (ii) and (iii), we get
 Equation
of the tangents to (i) at P is
yy1 = 2ax + 2ax1 = 2a ( x + x1 ) 2cos 
y − 2sin  = − ( x − 3cos  )
This is the equation of the tangent to (i) at ( x1 , y1 ) . 3sin 
 3 y sin  − 6sin 2  = −2 x cos  + 6 cos 2 

27. The given curve is  2 x cos  + 3 y sin  = 6 .

x2 + y 2 − 2x − 3 = 0 …….. (i)
Differentiating with respect to x, we get 30. The given curve is y = ( x 2 − 1) ( x − 2 )

2x + 2 y
dy
−2 = 0
dy 1 − x
=  ( x 2 − 1) ( x − 2 ) = 0  x = 1, −1, 2
dx dx y
 We want to find tangent at (1, 0 )( −1, 0 ) and ( 2, 0 ) .
Since the tangent is parallel to x-axis,
Now from equation (i), we get
 8 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

y = x3 − 2 x 2 − x + 2 32. Let the point of contact of one of the tangents be

( x1 , y1 ) .
dy
 = 3x 2 − 4 x − 1
dx Then ( x1 , y1 ) lies on y = cos ( x + y )
 dy   dy 
   = −2;  
 dy 
= 6;   = 3  y1 = cos ( x1 + y1 ) …(i)
 dx  x =1  dx  x =−1  dx  x = 2
Since the tangents at ( x1 , y1 ) = Slope of line x + 2 y = 0
Now, tangent at (1, 0 ) : y − 0 = −2 ( x − 1)  2 x + y = 2
 dy  1
tangent at ( −1, 0 ) :   =−
 ( x1 , y1 )
dx 2
y − 0 = 6 ( x + 1)  y = 6 x + 6 Since, the equation of curve is y = cos ( x + y )
tangent at ( 2, 0 ) : Differentiating with respect to x, we get
y − 0 = 3 ( x − 2 )  y = 3x − 6 . dy  dy 
= − sin ( x + y ) 1 + 
dx  dx 

31. The curve is x = sin 3t; y = cos 2t  dy 

  = − sin ( x1 + y1 )
 dx ( x1 , y1 )
dx dy
 = 3cos 3t; = −2sin 2t
dt dt   dy  
1 +   

dy dy / dt
= =−
2sin 2t   dx ( x1 , y1 ) 
dx dx / dt 3cos 3t
1  1
 − = − sin ( x1 + y1 ) 1 − 
At t = , 2  2
4
 sin ( x1 + y1 ) = 1 …….. (ii)
3  1
x = sin = sin =
4 4 2 Squaring (i) and (ii), then adding,

 cos 2 ( x1 + y1 ) + sin 2 ( x1 + y1 ) = y12 + 1

y = cos 2t = cos =0
2  y12 + 1 = 1  y1 = 0
and
Put y1 = 0 in (i) and (ii),

dy
2sin
2 = − 2 1 = 2 2 cos x1 = 0 and sin x1 = 1
=
dx cos 3  1  3
−
4 2  x1 = ,−
2 2
     3 
−2sin 2. −2sin Hence, the points of contact are  , 0  and  − , 0 
 dy  4 = 2 =2 2
 dx   = 2   2 
 t =  3 3
4 3cos 3  3cos
4 4 1
The slope of the tangent is −
2

 Equation of the tangent to the given curve at t = is
4    3 
Therefore, equation of tangents at  , 0  and  − , 0 
dy  1  2   2 
y−0 = x− 
dx  2 1 
y − 0 = −  x −  and
2 2
2 2 1 
y= x−  1 3 
3  2 y−0 = − x+ 
2 2 
2 2 x − 3 y = 2.
or 2 x + 4 y −  = 0 and 2 x + 4 y + 3 = 0 .
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 9

33. The given curve are 5 5

2
217
From (i), y =   − 2  + 7 =
x2 = 9 p (9 − y ) …… (i) 6 6 36

x 2 = p ( y + 1) ……. (ii)  5 217 

 Equation of the tangent to (i) at  ,  whose slope
 6 36 
Clearly p  0 (as p = 0  both curves become same)
1 217 1 5
= − , is y − = − x− 
Solving (i) and (ii), we get 3 36 3  6 
9 p ( 9 − y ) = p ( y + 1)  36 y − 217 = −12 x + 10  12 x + 36 y = 227

 9 (9 − y ) = y + 1 ( p  0)
35. We have, x 2 = 4 y
 y = 8 and then x 2 = 9 p ….. (iii)
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
dx
Diff. (i) w.r.t.y, 2 x = 9 p ( −1) dy dy x
dy 2x = 4  =
dx dx 2
dy 2x
 m1 = =− Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be the point on the given curve.
dx 9p
 dy  x1
 dx  = 2
dx 2x
Diff. (ii) w.r.t.y, 2 x  = p  m2 =  P
dy p
For curves (i) and (ii) to cut each other at right angles, Equation of normal at P ( x1 , y1 )
m1  m2 = −1
2
( y − y1 ) = − ( x − x1 ) …… (i)
2x 2x x1
−  = −1
9p p
Equation (i) passes through the point (1, 2 )
 9 p2 = 4x2 = 4  9 p [Using (iii)]
2 −2
 p ( p − 4 ) = 0  p = 4 as p  0 .
( 2 − y1 ) = − (1 − x1 )  2 − y1 = +2
x1 x1
 x1 y1 = 2 …… (ii)
34. The given curve is y = x − 2 x + 72
…….. (i) Also P ( x1 , y1 ) lies on x 2 = 4 y
dy
 = 2 x − 2 = Slope of the tangent to (i) at ( x, y ) …. (ii)  x12 = 4 y1
dx
4 2
(i) The tangent is parallel to the line 2 x − y + 9 = 0  x12 = (Using (ii)
x1
It slope = 2
 x13 = 8  x1 = 2,
 From (ii), 2 x − 2 = 2  x = 2
From (i), y = 22 − 2  2 + 7 = 7 From (ii), 2  y1 = 2  y1 = 1

 Equation of the tangent to (i) at ( 2, 7 ) whose slope = 2,

Now, putting the value of x1 and y1 in equation (i), we get

is y − 7 = 2 ( x − 2 )  2 x − y + 3 = 0 2
( y − 1) = − ( x − 2 )
2
(ii) Tangents is perpendicular to the line 5 y − 15 x = 13,
 y −1 = −x + 2  x + y = 3
15
Its slope = = 3 Equation of tangent
5
( y − y1 ) = 
dy 
 From (ii), ( 2 x − 2 )  3 = −1  ( x − x1 )
 dx  P
1 5
 2x − 2 = −  x =
3 6
10 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

2 37. The given curve is

 y −1 = ( x − 2) .
2 y = 4 x3 − 2 x5 …(i)
 x − y =1
dy
 = 12 x 2 − 10 x 4
dx
36. We have, 3x 2 − y 2 = 8 …. (i)
Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be a point on the curve
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
 y1 = 4 x13 − 2 x15
dy dy 3x
6x − 2 y =0 =
dx dx y  dy 
and   = 12 x12 − 10 x14
 dx  P
Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be a point of the curve
Now tangent to (i) at P is
 3x12 − y12 = 8 ….(ii)
y − y1 = (12 x12 − 10 x14 )  ( x − x1 )
 dy  3x
and   = 1 This will pass through ( 0, 0 ) when
 P
dx y1

 Equation of tangent to (i) at ( x1 , y1 ) is 0 − y1 = (12 x12 − 10 x14 ) ( 0 − x1 )

 dy   y1 = 12 x13 − 10 x15
y − y1 =   ( x − x1 )
 dx  P  4 x13 − 2 x15 = 12 x13 − 10 x15 [Using (ii)]

 8 x13 − 8 x15 = 0  x13 (1 − x12 ) = 0

3x1
 y − y1 = ( x − x1 )
y1
 x1 = 0,1, −1
4 
The tangent is passes through  , 0 
3  Now, x1 = 0, from (i), y1 = 0

3x1  4  x1 = 1, from (i), y1 = 2

 0 − y1 =  − x1 
y1  3  x1 = −1, from (i), y1 = −2
 − y = 4 x1 − 3x
2
1
2
1  Tangents to given curve will pass through the origin at
 4 x1 = 3x − y = 8
2 2
[Using (ii)] the point ( 0, 0 ) , (1, 2 ) and ( −1, −2 ) .
1 1

 x1 = 2
38. The given curve is
Again from (ii), 3x12 − y12 = 8
y = 3x − 2 …(i)
 y1 = 2
dy 1 3 1
=  ( 3x − 2 ) .3 = 
−1/ 2
 The two points on (i), at which tangents pass through 
dx 2 2 3x − 2
4 
 , 0  are ( 2, 2 ) and ( 2, −2 )
3  We want the tangent to (i) that is parallel to the line
4 x − 2 y + 5 = 0 ….. (ii)
 Slope of tangent = slope of line 4 x − 2 y + 5 = 0

 Equation of tangents are 3 1 −4

  = =2
2 3x − 2 −2
3 2
y−2 = ( x − 2 )  y = 3x − 4
2  3 = 4 3x − 2  9 = 16 ( 3x − 2 )
3 2
and y + 2 = ( x − 2)  3x − 2 =
9 9 41
 3x = 2 + = x=
41
−2 16 16 16 48
 y = −3x + 4 .
From (i),
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 11

41 3 dy dy / dt
y 3 −2 =  Slope of the tangent = = = tan t
48 4 dx dx / dt

 41 3   Slope of the normal = −

1
=−
cos t
 The equation of the tangent to (i) at  ,  that have
 48 4  tan t sin t
slope = 2 is  Equation of the normal to the given curve
3  41  41  y − ( a sin t − at cos t )
y− = 2  x −   4 y − 3 = 8x −
4  48  6
cos t
41 23 =− ( x − a cos t − at sin t )
 8x − 4 y − + 3 = 0  8x − 4 y − =0. sin t
6 6
 y sin t − a sin 2 t + at sin t cos t

39. The given curves are = − x cos t + a cos2 t + at sin t cos t

y2 = x …(i)  x cos t + y sin t − a = 0

xy = k …(ii)  Perpendicular distance from ( 0, 0 ) on it

Diff. (i) w.r.t.x, we get 0  cos t + 0  sin t − a

= = a.
dy dy 1 cos 2 t + sin 2 t
2y =1 = = m1 (say)
dx dx 2 y
Diff. (ii) w.r.t.x, we get 41. The given parabola is
dy dy y y 2 = 4ax …… (i)
x + 1 y = 0  = − = m2 (say)
and the point is ( at 2 , 2at )
dx dx x
Now (i) and (ii) will intersect orthogonally if
Diff. (i) w.r.t.x, we get
m1  m2 = −1
dy dy 2a
1  y 2y = 4a  = ….. (ii)
   −  = −1 dx dx y
2y  x 
2a 1
1  Slope of the tangent at P = =
 2x = 1  x = 2at t
2
Equation of the tangent to (i) at P is
k  1
From (ii), y = = 2k  x= 
x  2 y − 2at =
1
t
( x − at 2 )
Substituting the values of x and y in (i), we get
 ty − 2at 2 = x − at 2  ty = x + at 2
1
( 2k ) =  8k 2 = 1
2

2 dx y
From (ii), − =−
which is the required condition for the orthogonality of the dy 2a
curves (i) and (ii).
−2at
 Slope of the normal at P = = −t
2a
40. Here, x = a cos t + at sin t  Equation of the normal to (i) at P is
y = a sin t − at cos t
y − 2at = −t ( x − at 2 )
dx
Now, = −a sin t + a.1sin t + at cos t = at cos t  y + tx − 2at − at 3 = 0 .
dt
dy
and = a cos t − a 1.cos t − t sin t  = at sin t 42. Given
dt
f ( x ) = 3x 2 + 5 x + 3  f ' ( x ) = 6 x + 5
12 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

f ( x + x )  f ( x ) + xf ' ( x ) , where x → 0

Replace x = 3 and x = 0.02 in above relation

 f ( 3 + 0.02 )  f ( 3) + ( 0.02 ) f ' ( 3)

 f ( 3.02 )  3 ( 3) + 5 ( 3) + 3 + ( 0.02 ) 6 ( 3) + 5

2
 
 f ( 3.02 )  45.46 .

Let OD = x
43. Let
3 1/ 2  BD = r 2 − x 2
y = f ( x ) = x 3/ 2  f ' ( x ) = x
2 and AD = AO + OD
Let x = 4 and x = 3.968 − 4 = −0.032 = r + x = altitude of cone.
f ( x + x )  f ( x ) + xf ' ( x ) Let V be the volume of cone.

V =  ( BD ) ( AD ) =  ( r 2 − x 2 ) ( r + x )
3 1/ 2 1 2 1
f ( 3.968 ) = ( 4 ) − ( 0.032 )  ( 4)
3/ 2

2 3 3

= 8 − 0.096 = 7.904 . =  ( r 2 − x 2 ) + ( r + x )( −2 x )

dV 1

dx 3 
1
44. Let f ( x ) = x so f ' ( x ) =

2 x =  r 2 − 3x 2 − 2rx 
3
Hence, f ( x + x )  f ( x ) + xf ' ( x )
d 2V 
x and =  −6 x − 2r 
 x + x  x + dx 2 3
2 x
dV
Now, taking x = 49 and x = 0.5, we get For maximum or minimum value =0
dx
0.5  r 2 − 3x2 − 2rx = 0  r 2 − 3rx + rx − 3x2 = 0
49.5  7 + = 7 + 0.0357 = 7.0357 .
2 7
 ( r − 3 x )( r + x ) = 0

45. Let r be the radius of sphere and r be the error in r = 3x  r + x  0

measuring the radius. Then r = 9cm, r = 0.03cm .
r
x=
Now surface area S of the sphere is S = 4 r 2
3


dS
= 8 r  d 2V    r 
dr Also,  2  =  −6   − 3r 
 dx  x = r 3   3  
3
dS
S = r = 8 r r = 8  9  0.03 = 2.16 cm2
 −4
sr =  −2r − 2r  = r  0
3 3
This is the approximate error in calculating surface area.
r
46. Let ABC be a cone of maximum volume inscribed in  V is maximum when x =
the sphere. 3
r 4r
and altitude of cone = AD = r + x = r + =
3 3
r
Also, maximum volume of cone when x =
3
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 13

1  r2  r    8  4   P is maximum at x =
k
=   r 2 −   r +  =  r 2  r  .
3  9  3  3  9  3  3

8 4 3 8 Now, x =
k k 2k
 y=k− =  x + y = k
=  r  = (Volume of sphere). 3 3 3
27  3  27
x k /3 1 
 cos  = = =  =
y 2k / 3 2 3
47. Let ABC be a right angled triangle with BC = x,
AC = y such that x + y = k , where k is any constant. So, the area of ABC is maximum when angle between the

Let  be the angle between the base and the hypotenuse. hypotenuse and base is .
3
Let P be the area of the triangle.
1 1 48. We have, f ( x ) = sin x − cos x
P=  BC  AB =  x y 2 − x 2
2 2  f ' ( x ) = cos x + sin x
2
 p2 =
x
4
( y 2 − x2 ) For maxima or minima, f ' ( x ) = 0

 cos x + sin x = 0  tan x = −1

x2 
 p2 = ( k − x ) − x 2 
2

4  3 7
x= ,
4 4
k x − 2kx
2 2 3
 p2 =
4 f " ( x ) = − sin x + cos x

7 7 7
At x = , f " ( x ) = − sin + cos
4 4 4
1 1 2
= + = = 2
2 2 2
3
Since ( f "( x ) )  0 when x =
4
k 2 x 2 − 2kx3
Let Q = P 2i.e. Q = 3
4  f ( x ) has local maxima at x =
4
 P is maximum when Q is maximum.
7
Diff. Q w.r.t.x, we get Since ( f "( x ) )  0 when x =
4
dQ 2k 2 x − 6kx 2 7
=  f ( x ) has local minima at x =
dx 4 4
For maximum or minimum area, 3
 Local maxima value at x =
dQ k 4
= 0  k 2 x − 3kx 2 = 0  x =
dx 3 3 3 1 1 2
f ( x ) = sin − cos = + = = 2
Diff. (i) w.r.t.x, we get 4 4 2 2 2
d 2 Q 2k 2 − 12kx 7
= Local minimum value at x = is
dx 2 4 4

 d 2Q  −k 2 7 7 1 1
 2  = 0 f ( x ) = sin − cos =− −
4 4 2 2
 dx  x = k 2
3
−2
k = =− 2.
Thus, Q is maximum when x = . 2
3
14 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

49. Let u = ax + by, where xy = c 2 f ( h)

S =
10
 c2 
 u = ax + b   …. (i)
 x  S will be maximum or minimum according as f ( h ) is
maximum or minimum.
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get
Since, f ( h ) = h 2 + 4h + 5
du bc 2 d 2u 2bc 2
= a − 2 and = 3
dx x dx 2 x f ' ( h ) = 2h + 4

For critical points,

du
=0 For maxima or minima, f ' ( h ) = 0
dx
 2h + 4 = 0  h = −2
ax 2 − bc 2 bc 2
 = 0  x 2
= Also, f " ( h ) = 2  0 when h = −2
x2 a

b S is minimum at h = −2
x =  c
a Putting this value in (i), we get
k = ( −2 ) + 7 ( −2 ) + 2 = 4 − 14 + 2 = −8
3 2
b d 2u  a 1
At x = c, 2 = 2bc 2   
a dx  b c  The required coordinates are ( −2, −8 ) .
2bc 2  a a  a a
=  =2 0
c3  b b  c b 51. Let a m and b m be the sides of the base of the tank.

b
 u is minimum at x = c
a

b d 2u  a 1
At x = − c, 2 = −2bc 2     0
a dx  b c
b
 u is maximum at x = − c
a
 Volume of the tank = a  b  3 = 75m3 (given)
b
The minimum value of u at x = c is 25
a  ab = 25  b = …. (i)
a
 b   a 1
u = a  c  + bc 2    If C is the total cost in rupees, then
 a   b c C = a  b 100 + 2  3  a  50 + 2  3  b  50
= c ab + ba c = 2c ab .  25 
= 100ab + 300 ( a + b ) = 100  25 + 300  a + 
 a 

50. Let P ( h, k ) be the coordinates of the point on given  25 

 C = 2500 + 300  a + 
parabola.  a 

 k = h 2 + 7h + 2 …. (i) Diff. w.r.t. a, we get

The distance S of P from the straight line −3x + y + 3 = 0 dC  25 

= 0 + 300 1 − 2 
is da  a 

−3h + k + 3 −3h + h 2 + 7h + 2 + 3 dC  25  2  300  50

S= = [From (i)] = 300  0 + 3  =
 a 
2
10 10 da a3
For maximum or minimum cost,
h 2 + 4h + 5
=
10
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 15

dC 25 2ab 2 ( x + a )  ab 2 
= 0  1 − 2 = 0  a = 5m = 2( x + a) − = 2 ( x + a ) 1 − 3 
da a x3  x 
and from (i) b = 5m
d 2l  ab 2  3ab 2
2
d C
and = 2  1 1 −  + 2 ( x + a ) 
At a = 5;  0  C is minimum. dx 2  x3  x4
da 2
 For maximum and minimum value of l ,
Hence the least cost of tank is
dl ab2
  25   = 0  x + a = 0 or 1 − 3 = 0
C =  2500 + 300  5 +   =  2500 + 3000  = 5500 dx x
  5 
As x = AM  0  Reject x + a = 0
d 2l
52. Let P be any point on the hypotenuse of the given right For this value of x, clearly 0
triangle. dx 2
Let PL = a, PM = b and AM = x .  l and consequently the hypotenuse AC is minimum
(least).
Clearly, CPL and PAM are similar
Hence, the least value of AC is given by
PL AM
 = 2
CL PM  a
AC = ( x + a) + b 2 1 +  where x = a1/3b2/3
2

PL  PM a  b  x
CL = =
AM x b2 b2
= ( x + a) + ( + ) = ( + ) +
2 2
x a x a 1
x2 x2

 x+a 2  a1/3b 2/3 + a  2

=  b + x 2
=  1/3 2/3  b + a b
2/3 4/3

 x   a b 

a1/3 ( b 2/3 + a 2/3 )

=  b 2/3 b 2/3 + a 2/3
a1/3b 2/3

= ( a 2/3 + b 2/3 )
3/ 2
.

Now AB = x + a 53. Let r and h be the radius and height of the cylindrical
ab can respectively.
and BC = b + CL = b + .
x Therefore, the total surface area of the closed cylinder is
given by
From right ABC,
S = 2 rh + 2 r 2 = 2 r ( r + h ) ...(i)
AC 2 = AB2 + BC 2
Given volume of the can = 128 cm3
Taking l = AC 2
2 Also volume (V ) =  r 2 h ... (ii)
 ab 
l = ( x + a) + b + 
2

 x  128
  r 2 h = 128  h = … (iii)
2 r2
 a
= ( x + a ) + b 2 1 + 
2

 x Putting the value of h in equation (i), we get

 128  256
Diff. w.r.t. x, we get S = 2 r  r + 2  = 2 r 2 +  …. (iv)
 r  r
dl  a  −a
= 2 ( x + a ) + b 2 2 1 +   2 Diff. (iv) w.r.t.x, we get
dx  x x
16 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

256
=  l 3 cos  ( 2cos 2  − sin 2  ) − 6sin 2  cos  
dS 1
= 4 r − 2 …. (v)
dr r 3
dS For maximum or minimum value of  ,
Substituting =0 for critical points, we get
dr
= 0  sin  ( 2cos 2  − sin 2  ) = 0
dV
256 d
4 r − = 0  r 3 = 64  r = 4cm
r2
 sin  = 0 or 2cos2  − sin 2  = 0
Diff. (v) w.r.t. r, we get
 2cos 2  − (1 − cos 2  ) = 0
d 2S
= 4 − 256 ( −2r −3 ) = 4 + 3 
512
[Note sin   0 as   0 ]
2
dr r
 d 2S  1 1
 2   0  cos 2  =  cos  =
 dr  r = 4 3 3
Thus the total surface of the cylinder is minimum when  1 
  = cos −1  
r =4.  3
128 128
From (iii), we have h = = =8 1 2
r2 16 For cos  =  sin  =
3 3
Thus radius = 4cm and height = 8cm .
d 2V 1 3  1  1  2   2 1 
 = l   2 −  − 6  
d 2
3  3  3  3  3 3
54. Let  be the semi-vertical angle of the cone, V its
volume, h its heights, r base radius and slant height l . 1  40 
=  l3  − 0
Then from OAP 3  3
r = l sin  , h = l cos   1 
 V is maximum for  = cos −1  .
 3
55. Let r , h, l ,V and S be respectively the base radius,
height, slant height, volume and curved surface of the cone.

Now,
1 1 1
V =  r 2 h =  l 2 sin 2   l cos  =  l 3 sin 2   cos 
3 3 3
Then,
=  l ( 2sin   cos   cos  − sin 2   sin  )
dV 1 3
 l 2 = r 2 + h2 ,
d 3
1
=  l 3 sin  ( 2cos 2  − sin 2  )
1 V =  r 2h ……… (i)
3 3
and and S =  rl =  r r 2 + h 2
2
dV 1 2
( )
=  l cos  2cos 2  − sin 2  + sin  ( −4cos  sin  − 2sin  cos
d 2 3
 )S 2 =  2 r 2 ( r 2 + h2 )
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 17

3V  3V   h2 
=2 + h2   V =  h  R2 − 
 h   h
[Using (i)] [Using (i)]
  4
 3V   h3 
= 3 V  2 + h 
h   V =   R2h − 
 4
For S to be least, S 2 is also least.
Now Diff. w.r.t. h, we get
 −6V 
2
dS
 = 3 V .  3 + 1 and dV  3h 2 
dh   h  =   R2 −  and
dh  4 
d 2S 2  −6V  −3 54V
2
= 3 V  
 4 = d 2V  3 
dh 2
   h h4 =   0 −  2h 
 
2
dh 4
For maximum or minimum S (and so S 2 ),
For maximum or minimum,
2
dS
= 0  6V =  h3 dV 3
= 0  R 2 − h2 = 0
dh dh 4
1/3
 6V  4 2 2R
h=   h2 = R h=
   3 3
d 2 S 2 54V 2 For this value of h,
For this value of h, = 4 0
dh 2 h d 2V 3 2R
=−  = − 3 R  0
 S 2 and therefore S is least. dh 2 2 3

h h   V is maximum
cot  = = =  h3/ 2 [From (i)]
r 3V /  h 3V Also maximum value of V

 2R  2 1 4 2  2R 2 2
 cot  =
6V
= 2 [From =  R −  R  =   R
3V  3 4 3  3 3
(ii)] 4
= R3 cu. units.
 The semi vertical angle,  = cot −1
2. 3 3
57. Let a be the side of the given square and r be the
56. Let r and h be the base radius and height of cylinder radius of the circle.
respectively. By hypothesis

h
2
4a + 2 r = k
   + r 2 = R2 ….. (i)
2 k − 2 r
a= ….. (i)
Now, V = Volume of the cylinder inscribed in a sphere 4
=  r 2h Let A = Sum of areas of the circle and the square
1
 A =  r 2 + a2 =  r 2 + ( k − 2 r )
2
[Using (i)]
16
dA 1
 = 2 r +  2 ( k − 2 r )  ( −2 )
dr 16

= 2 r − ( k − 2 r )
4
d2A 
and 2
= 2 − ( 0 − 2 )
dr 4
For maxima or minima,
18 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

dA  Now,  r 3 = V   r 3 =  r 2 h  r = h
= 0  2 r − ( k − 2 r ) = 0
dr 4 Hence, the cylinder of a given volume which is open at the
 8r − k + 2 r = 0  ( 8 + 2 ) r = k top has minimum total surface area when its height is equal
to the radius of its base.
k
r=
2 + 8 59. Let ABCD be a rectangle and let the semi-circle is
For this value of r , described on the side AB as its diameter.

d2A 2 Let AB = 2 x and AD = 2 y . Let P = 10m be the given

= 2 + 0 perimeter of window.
dr 2 2
Therefore, 10 = 2 x + 4 y +  x  4 y = 10 − 2 x −  x ..(i)
k
 A is minimum (least), when r =
2 + 8 Area of the window.
k
k − 2 
From (i), a = 2 − 8
4
k  2 + 8 − 2  2k
=  = = 2r
4  2 + 8  2 + 8
 Area is least, when a = 2r .
58. Let r and h be the base radius and height of the
cylinder respectively and volume of cylinder, V =  r 2 h 1
A = ( 2 x )( 2 y ) +  x 2
2
V
h= ….. (i) 1
 r2  A = 4 xy +  x 2
2
Total surface area of the cylinder, S = 2 rh +  r 2
1
 V   A = 10 x − 2 x 2 −  x 2 +  x 2 [using (i)]
 S = 2 r  2  +  r 2 [By using (i)] 2
r 
1
 A = 10 x − 2 x 2 −  x 2
2V 2
S= +  r2
r
dA
On Diff. w.r.t.x both sides, = 10 − 4 x −  x
dS 2V dx
On Diff. w.r.t. r both sides, = − 2 + 2 r
dr r
d2A
2 Again Diff. w.r.t.x both sides, = −(4 +  )
d S 4V dx 2
Again Diff. w.r.t. r both sides, = 3 + 2
dr 2 r
For maxima or minima,
dS
For local points of maxima or minima, =0 dA
= 0  10 − 4 x −  x = 0  x =
10
dr dx 4+
2V 2V
− + 2 r = 0  2 r = 2  d 2 A
r 2
r  2 = −(4 +  )  0
 dx  x = 10
1/3 4 +
V 
  r3 = V  r =  
   10 
So, A is maximum at x =  m .
 4+ 
 d 2V   
 2  = 4V   + 2  0  20 
 dh  r = 
 V 
1/3
V  Now, length of the window is 2 x =   m and width is
 
 4+ 
V 
1/3
 10 
So, S is minimum at r =   2y =  m .
   4 + 
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 19

60. Here BA is a diameter of the given circle, of radius = r . Let l = PQ 2 = a 2t 4 − 18a 2t 2 + 121a 2
Let CAB = 
dl
 = 4a 2t 3 − 36a 2t and
 dt
Also ACB =
2
d 2l
Now AC = AB cos  = 2r cos  = 12a 2t 2 − 36a 2
dt 2
BC = AB sin  = 2r sin 
Or maximum or minimum value of l ,

= 0  4a 2t ( t 2 − 9 ) = 0  t = 0,3, −3
dl
dt
d 2l
For t = 0, = −36a 2  0
dt 2
This corresponds to a maximum value of l Both for t = 3
and −3,

d 2l
1 = 12a 2  9 − 36a 2 = 72a 2  0
Let Area of ABC =  AC  BC dt 2
2
 This corresponds to a minimum value of l i.e., of PQ 2
1
=  2r cos   2r sin  = r 2  sin 2 and therefore of PQ .
2
Thus, there are two such points P with coordinates,
d

d
= r 2  2cos 2 and ( 9a, 6a ) and ( 9a − 6a ) nearest to the given point Q .
d 2
= −r 2  4sin 2
d 2 62. Let ABCD be the given trapezium.

For maxima or minima,

d
= 0  cos 2 = 0
d
 
 2 =  =
2 4
 d 2  
and  2  = −4r 2 sin = −4r 2  0 Then AD = DC = CB = 10cm
 d  =  2
4
In APD and BQC
Hence ABC
area of
is maximum when
DP = CQ = h
   
CAB =  = = ABC  ACB =  AD = BC = 10cm
4  2
 ABC is isosceles. DPA = CQB = 90
APD  BQC (by R.H.S. congruency)
61. The given parabola is  AP = QB = x cm (Say)
y = 4ax
2
….. (i)  AB = AP + PQ + QB
Let Q (11a, 0 ) = x + 10 + x = ( 2 x + 10 ) cm

Any point on (i) is P ( at 2 , 2at ) Also from APD,

AP2 + PD2 = AD2  x2 + h2 = 102

 PQ 2 = ( at 2 − 11a ) + ( 2at − 0 )
2 2

 h = 100 − x 2 ….. (i)

20 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

2 p2 
Now, area A of this trapezium is given by p2 q2
+ = 1  q 2
= b  1 − 2 
1 1 a 2 b2  a 
A= ( AB + DC )  h = ( 2 x + 10 + 10 ) h
2 2
Now area A of the rectangle ABCD = 2 p  2q = 4 pq
= ( x + 10 )  100 − x 2
… (ii) [Using (i)]
 A2 = 16 p 2 q 2
Diff. w.r.t.x, we get
 p2   p4 
dA 1 = 16 p 2  b2 1 − 2  = 16b2  p 2 − 2 
= 1  100 − x 2 + ( x + 10 )   ( −2 x )  a   a 
dx 2 100 − x 2
dA2  4 p3 
100 − x − x − 10 x
2 2 −2 ( x + 5 x − 50 )
2  = 16b 2  2 p − 2 
= = dp  a 
100 − x 2
100 − x 2
d 2 A2 2 12 p 2 
−2 ( x + 10 )( x − 5 ) = 16b  2 − 
= dp 2  a2 
100 − x 2
For A to be max. or min. so is A2 ,
dA
For max. or min. value of A, =0 dA2 4 p3 a2
dx = 0  2 p − 2 = 0  p2 = ( p  0)
dp a 2
 ( x + 10 )( x − 5 ) = 0  x = 5
For this value of p ,
(Reject x = −10 as x  0 )
d 2 A2  1
dA = 16b 2  2 − 12   = 16b 2 ( −4 )  0
 2
2
For this value of x, changes sign from positive to dp
dx
negative. Hence A2 is max.  A is max.
 A is maximum at x = 5 .  The area of the greatest rectangle inscribed in the ellipse

From (ii), the max. value of A = ( 5 + 10 )  100 − 52 a2  1

= 4 pq = 4   b2 1 −  = 2ab sq. units.
2  2
= 15 75 = 75 3 sq.cm.

64. Let the radius of given circle = r

63. Let ABCD be a rectangle inscribed in the ellipse,
Let 2a and 2b are the lengths of the sides of any inscribed
x2 y2
+ =1 rectangle in the given circle.
a 2 b2

Then from OPC,

Let AB = 2q, DA = 2 p .
OC 2 = OP2 + PC 2
Then coordinates of A are ( p, q ) .
 r 2 = a 2 + b2
As A lies on the ellipse so
 b = r 2 − a2 …. (i)
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 21

Now, A = Area of rectangle ABCD

= 2a  2b = 4ab = 4a r 2 − a 2
 
= 4 1 r 2 − a 2 + a  ( r 2 − a 2 ) ( −2a )
dA 1 −1/ 2

da  2 
 a2 
= 4  r 2 − a2 −  …. (ii)
 r −a 
2 2

For area A to be max. or min.

dA a2
= 0  r 2 − a2 − =0
da r 2 − a2

 r 2 − a 2 − a 2 = 0  r = 2a
( r  0, a  0 ) Clearly, VBC is similar to VOA .
BV OV H −h H
a =
r  =  =
BC OA r R
2
r r
From (ii),  H −h = H h= H −H .
R R
dA r 2 − 2a 2
= 4 Now the curved surface area, S of the inscribed cylinder is
da r 2 − a2
 r  2 H
−a S = 2 rh = 2 r  H − H  = ( rR − r 2 )
r 2 − a 2  ( −4a ) − ( r 2 − 2a 2 )   R R

d2A
= 4 r 2 − a2
dS 2 H
dx 2 (r 2
−a 2
) 
dr
=
R
(1 R − 2r )

= −4 
(r 2
− a 2 ) 4 a − ( r 2 − 2a 2 ) a
= −4a 
3r 2 − 2a 2 For greatest (max.) or least surface area,
(r 2
−a )
2 3/ 2
(r 2
−a )
2 3/ 2
dS
= 0  R = 2r
dr
d 2 A r 3r 2 − r 2
Now,  2  = −4   0 d 2 S 2 H
=  ( −2 )  0
3/ 2
 da  a = r 2  2 r2  Also
2 r −  dr 2 R
 2
R
r Hence, S is greatest, when r = .
 The area A is max. when a = 2
2
Also, from (i), 66. Let r be the base radius of the cone, l be the slant
r 2
r height and h be its height. Let V be its volume and S be
b = r 2 − a2 = r 2 − = =a its curved surface.
2 2
1
 2a = 2b = 2r Now V =  r 2 h
3
 The rectangle of max. area inscribed in the circle is a
3V
square. h=
 r2

65. Let R and H be the base radius and height of the given We have, l 2 = h2 + r 2
cone and r , h be the same for the inscribed cylinder. Now S = curved surface area of the cone
22 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

dV S S
= 0  − 3 r 2 = 0  r 2 =
dr 2 6

S
r=
6

 d 2V  S
Also,  2  = −6 0
 dr  r = S / ( 6 )
6

S
 V has a local maximum value at r =
=  rl =  r h 2 + r 2 6
S will be least  S 2 will be least.  S 
S − 2  
 9V 2  S − 2 r 2
 6  = 2 S 6
 S 2 =  2 r 2 ( h2 + r 2 ) =  2 r 2  2 4 + r 2  Now, h =
2 r
=
6 S
 r
S
 2
6
9V 2
 S2 = +  2r 4 S
r2 i.e., h = 2 = 2r
6
Diff. w.r.t. r, we get
So, volume is maximum when the height is equal to the
dS 2 18V 2
= − 3 + 4 2 r 3 and diameter.
dr r
d 2 S 2 54V 2 68. Let h be height and x be the side of the square base if
= 4 + 12 2 r 2 .
dr 2 r the open box. Then its area = x  x + 4h  x = c 2 (given)
dS 2
For max. or min., =0
dr
2
18V 2 18  1 2 
 4 2 r 3 = = 3   r h  = 2 2 rh 2
r3 r 3 

 h2 = 2r 2  h = 2r ( r  0 )
d 2S 2 c2 − x2
For this value of r , 0 h=
dr 2 4x
 Curved surface area of the cone is least when h = 2r . Now V = volume of the box
67. Let r be the radius of the circular base, h be the height c2 − x2 1 2
and S be the total surface area of a right circular cylinder, = x2 h = x2  = ( c x − x3 )
4x 4
then S = 2 r 2 + 2 rh is given to be a constant.
= ( c − 3x 2 ) and
dV 1 2
Let V be the volume of the cylinder, then 
dx 4
 S − 2 r 2  r
V =  r 2h =  r 2   = ( S − 2 r ) d 2V 1 −3
2

 2 r  2 2
= ( −6 x ) = x
dx 4 2
Sr
V = −  r3 …(i) For maxima or minima
dV
= 0  x2 =
c2
2 dx 3
Diff. (i) w.r.t..r, we get
c
dV S d 2V
x= ( x  0 )
= − 3 r 2 and = −6 r 3
dr 2 dr 2
d 2V
Now for maxima or minima, For this value of x, 0
dx 2
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 23

c P
 V is maximum at x = and its maximum value is,  P = 2( x + y )  y = −x
3 2

1 c  2 c2  Area of rectangle ( A ) = xy
x ( c2 − x2 ) = 
1
V= c − 
4 4 3 3 P 
 A = x − x
c3 2 
= cubic units.
6 3 Px dA P
 A= − x2  = − 2x
2 dx 2

69. Let ABC be gives right angled triangle with sides a, b For maxima or minima,
dA
=0
and hypotenuse c . dx

We have, a 2 + b2 = c 2 
P
− 2x = 0  x =
P
2 4
1
Area of ABC = a b
2 d2A
Also, = −2  0
1 dx 2
= a c2 − a2
2 P
 Area is maximum, when x = .
1 1 ( −2 a )
4
dA 1
 = 1 c 2 − a 2 + a 
da 2 2 2 c2 − a2 P P P
Now, y = − =
2 4 4
1 2 a2 
=  c −a − 2
2
  Area is maximum, when x = y i.e. rectangle is square.
2 c − a2 

d 2 A 1  −a ( 3c − 2a ) 
 2 2 
71. Let a be the breadth and b be the length of rectangle
and =
da 2 2  ( c 2 − a 2 )3/ 2  and b be the side of equilateral triangle.
 
Total perimeter of the window
dA = b + 2a + 2b = 12
For maximum or minimum value =0 (Given)
da
 2a + 3b = 12
c2 − a2 − a2
 =0 12 − 3b
c2 − a2 a= ….. (i)
2
c
 c 2 = 2a 2  a = ( a  0 )
2
For this value of a, we have

d2A
= −2  0
da 2
c
 Area of ABC is max. at a= and
2
Now, area A of the window is,
b = c 2 − a 2 = 2a 2 − a 2 = a
3 2 12 − 3b 3 2
 ABC is isosceles right angled triangle. A = ab + b = b+ b
4 2 4
3 3 2
70. Let x and y be the length and breadth of the rectangle = 6b − b 2 + b
2 4
whose perimeter ( P ) is given.
dA 3
 = 6 − 3b + b
db 2
24 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

For maximum or minimum area, x4

74. We have, f ( x ) = − x3 − 5 x 2 + 24 x + 12 …. (i)
dA  3 12 4
= 0   3 −  b = 6  b =
db  2  6− 3 f ( x) being polynomial function is continuous and
derivable on R .
d2A 3
Also = 3+ 0 Differentiating (i) w.r.t.x
db 2 2
4 x3
12 f '( x) = − 3x 2 − 10 x + 24
 Area is maximum, when b = 4
6− 3
= x3 − 3x 2 − 10 x + 24
From (i),
(a) For increasing, f ' ( x )  0
12 − 3b 3  12  18 − 6 3
a= = 6 − . = .
2 2 6− 3  6− 3  ( x − 2 )( x − 4 )( x + 3)  0

 x  ( −3, 2 )  ( 4,  )
72. We have, C ( x ) = 0.005 x + 0.02 x + 30 x
3 2

(b) For decreasing, f ' ( x )  0

dC
 = 0.015 x 2 + 0.04 x + 30  ( x − 2 )( x − 4 )( x + 3)  0
dx
 dC   x  ( −, −3)  ( 2, 4 ) .
 = 0.015  3 + 0.04  3 + 30 = 30.255 .
2
Now, 
 dx  x =3

75. The given curve is, 16 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 145 …. (i)

73. Let foot of the ladder is at a distance x from the wall Differentiating (i) both sides w.r.t.x, we get
and height on the wall is y .
32 x + 18 yy ' = 0
Here, x + y = (13)
2 2 2
[Using Pythagoras theorem]
−32 x −16 x
 y' = = …. (ii)
Differentiating with respect to t , we get 18 y 9 y

2x
dx
+ 2y
dy
=0 Now, (i) passes through ( x1 , y1 )
dt dt
16 x12 + 9 y12 = 145
dy − x dx
 =
dt y dt  16 ( 2 ) + 9 y12 = 145
2
( x1 = 2 )

 9 y12 = 145 − 64

 y12 = 9  y1 = 3

But y1  0  y1 = 3
 From (ii), we get
When x = 5m, y = (13) − ( 5) = 169 − 15 = 144
2 2
−16 x1 −16 2 −32
y' =  y' =  =
 y = 12m 9 y1 9 3 27

dx So, equation of tangent passing through ( 2,3 ) and having

Also, = 2cm / sec [Given]
dt  −32 
slope   is
dy −5 −5  27 
 = 2 = cm / sec .
dt 12 6 −32
y −3 = ( x − 2)
27
 27 y − 81 = −32 x + 64
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 25

 32 x + 27 y − 145 = 0 77. Let a m and b m be the length and breadth of

rectangular tank respectively.
Also, equation of normal passing through ( 2,3 ) is

−1
( y − 3) = ( x − 2)
 −32 
 
 27 
 32 y − 96 = 27 x − 54  27 x − 32 y + 42 = 0

76. Let x be the side of square base and y be the height of

the open tank.
 l = x, b = x and h = y
where l , b and h be the length, breadth and height of tank  Volume of tank = 2ab = 8 [Given]
respectively.  ab = 4
Volume of tank V = x y 2
4
b= …. (i)
V a
y= 2
x If C is the total cost in rupees, then
The cost of the material will be least if the total surface area C = 70 ( ab ) + 45 ( 2a + 2b )  2
is least.
 C = 70ab + 90 ( 2a + 2b )
Total surface area of tank ( S ) = x 2 + 4 xy
4  4
V  V   C = 70 ( a )   + 180  a +  [Using (i)]
 S = x2 + 4x  y=  a  a
x2  x2 
720
4V  C = 280 + 180a + …. (ii)
 S = x2 + a
x
dS 4V Differentiating (ii) w.r.t. ' a ', we get
 = 2x − 2
dx x
dC 720 d 2C 720  2
= 180 − 2 and =
dS da a da 2 a3
For maxima or minima, =0
dx For maximum or minimum cost,
4V
 2x − 2 = 0 dC
=0
x da
 x = 2V
3
720
 180 − =0
 x = 2y a2
 a2 = 4
d 2S
Also,
dx 2
8V
= 2+ 3  0
x
( V = x2 y )
a=2

x d 2C
 Cost of material is least, when y = For a = 2, 0
2 da 2
i.e., the depth of the tank is half of its width.  C is least
As the cost is borne by nearby settled lower income families Using (i), a = 2 and b = 2
it shows that they are spending money on social welfare so
Hence, cost of least expensive tank is
that nobody will face the water problem in future. It shows
social responsibility. C = 280 + 360 + 360 = 1000.
26 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

78. y = − x3 + 3x 2 + 12 x − 5 80. Given curve is y = 2sin 2 ( 3 x )

dy dy
= −3x 2 + 6 x + 12 Therefore, = 12sin ( 3x ) cos ( 3x ) = 6sin ( 6 x )
dx dx
= −3 ( x 2 − 2 x − 4 )  dy
At x = , = 6sin  = 0
6 dx
(
= −3 ( x − 1) − 5
2
) 
Hence, the slope of the tangent at x = is 0.
dy 6
= 15 − 3 ( x − 1)
2

dx
Maximum value = 15.

79. 9 y 2 = x3 → (i )

dy
18 y. = 3x 2
dx
Given m = 1
−6 y
= 1
x2
−6 y −6 y
2
= 1 or 2 = −1
x x
x 2 = −6 y or x 2 = 6 y
Substitute the above in (i)
 x4 
9   = x3  x = 0 or 4
 36 
8
If x = 4  y = 
3
−dx
Equation of normal : y − y1 = ( x − x1 )
dy

8
−6  
 y − 8 / 3 =   ( x − 4)
3
16
3y − 8
 = −x + 4
3
 3 y − 8 = −3x + 12
 3x + 3 y = 20 .
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES 27