Answers

RELATED RATES OF CHANGE

Exercise 16.2
1a) y = 3x2 – 1 ; x = 2
Differentiate the function
dy = 6x ; dx = 2 units s– 1
dx dt
The relation between the rate of change of y , dy and the rate of change of x , dx
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
= 6x × ½ , sub in value of x → 6(2) × ½ = 24 units s– 1
2b) y = 3x2
1+x
Differentiate expression using Quotient Rule
u = 3x2 ; v=1+x
du = 6x dv = 1
dx dx
= (1 + x )(6x) – 3x2(1)
(1 + x)2
= (1 + x)(6x) – 3x2(1)
(1 + x )2
= (6x + 6x2) – 3x2
(1 + x)2
dy
= 6x + 3x2
dx
(1 + x)2
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The relation between the rate of change of y , dy and the rate of change of x , dx
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dx = d x × dy
dt dy dt
dx
= (1 + x)2 × 4
dt
6x + 3x2
dx
= (1 + 2)2 × 4
dt
6(2) + 3(2)2
dx
= (3)2 × 4
dt
12 + 12
dx
= 9 × 4
dt
24
dx
= 4 = 3 units s– 1
dt
6 2

2c) y = √2x + 7 since y = 3,

Find the x value 3 = √2x + 7
(3)2= (√2x + 7)2
9 = 2x + 7 → 9 – 7 = 2x
2 = 2x
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1=x
Differentiate y = √2x + 7 w.r.t. x
dy du
Using =¿ (un) = nun-1
dx dx
With u = 2x + 7, n =½
du 1 dy
= (2x + 7)½ - 1 × (2x + 7)
dx 2 dx

= 1 . (2)

2 √2 x +7
= 2

2 √2 x +7
dy
= 2
dx

2 √2 x +7
dy
= 1
dx

√ 2 x +7
The relation between the rate of change of y , dy and the rate of change of x , dx
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dx = dx × dy
dt dy dt

= √ 2 x +7 × 4 , sub in value of x → 6(2) × ½ = 24 units s– 1

sub in value of x →1

= √ 2(1)+7 × 4,

= √9 × 4
= 3× 4
= 12 units s– 1
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2d) y = x(x – 4) y = x2 – 4x
5 = x2 – 4x
x2 – 4x – 5 = 0
(x – 5) (x + 1) = 0
x = – 1 or x = 5
conditions dictate that x value can only be 5 since x greater than 0
Differentiate y = x2 – 4x w. r. t. x
The relation between the rate of change of y, dy and the rate of change of x , dx
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dx = dx × dy
dt dy dt
dx = 1 × 4
dt 2x – 4
sub in value of x
dx = 1 × 4
dt 2(5) – 4
dx = 1 × 4
dt 6
dx = 2 units s– 1
dt 3

3a) r = 4 cm
A = πr2
dA = 2πr ; dr = 2 cm s– 1
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dr dt

The relation between the rate of change of A, dA and the rate of change of r , dr
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dA = dA × dr
dt dr dt
dA = 2πr × 2 , sub in value of r →2π(4) × 2 = 16π cm2 s– 1
dt
3b) r=? ; A = 9π cm2
A = πr2
Find the r ,
πr2 = 9π cm2
r=9
r = √9 = 3cm
Differentiate the function A = πr2
dA = 2πr ; dr = 2 cm s– 1
dr dt
The relation between the rate of change of A, dA and the rate of change of r , dr
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dA = dA × dr
dt dr dt
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dA = 2πr × 2 , sub in value of r →2π(3) × 2 = 12π cm2 s– 1

dt
4) r = 6 cm
A = πr2
dA = 2πr ; dA = 2π cm2 s– 1
dr dt

The relation between the rate of change of A, dA and the rate of change of r , dr
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dA = dA × dr → dr = dA × dr
dt dr dt dt dt dA
dr = 2π × 1 , sub in value of r → 2π × 1 = 1 cm s– 1
dt 2πr 2π(6) 6
5) r = 10 cm
A = πr2
Differentiate the function A = πr2
dA = 2πr ; dr = 0.02 cm2 s– 1
dr dt
The relation between the rate of change of A, dA and the rate of change of r , dr
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dA = dA × dr
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dt dr dt
dA = 2πr × 0.02 , sub in value of r →2π(10 cm) × 0.02 cm2 s– 1 = 2 π cm s– 1
dt 5

6) r=2m
A = πr2

Differentiate the function A = πr2

dA = 2πr ; dA = 10π m2 s– 1
dr dt

The relation between the rate of change of A, dA and the rate of change of r , dr
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dr = dr × dA
dt dA dt
dA = 1 × 10π m2 s– 1 , sub in value of r → 1 × 10π m2 s– 1 = 5 π m s– 1
dt 2πr 2π(2) 2

7) r = 3 cm
V= 4 πr3
3
Differentiate the function V = 4 πr3
3
dV = 4πr2 ; dr = 2 cm s– 1
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dr dt
The relation between the rate of change of V, dV and the rate of change of r , dr
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dV = dV × dr
dt dr dt
dV = 4πr2 × 2 , sub in value of r →4π(3 cm)2 × 2 cm s– 1 = 72 π cm3 s– 1
dt

8a) r = 2 cm
V= 4 πr3
3
Differentiate the function V = 4 πr3
3
dV = 4πr2 ; dr = ? cm s– 1 ; dV = 300 cm3 s –1
dr dt dt
The relation between the rate of change of V, dV and the rate of change of r , dr
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dr = dV × dt
dt dr dV
dr = 4πr2 × 300 cm3 s–1 , sub in value of r →4π(2cm)2 × 300 cm3 s–1 = 75 π cm3 s– 1
dt 4
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8b) r = ? cm V = 36π cm3

V= 4 πr3
3
Find the r ,
4 3
πr = 36π cm3
3
r3= 27 cm3
r = ∛ 27 cm3 = 3cm

Differentiate the function V = 4 πr3

3
dV = 4πr2 ; dr = ? cm s– 1 ; dV = 300 cm3 s –1
dr dt dt
The relation between the rate of change of V, dV and the rate of change of r , dr
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dr = dr × dV
dt dV dt
dr = 1 × 300 cm3 s–1, sub in value of r → 1 × 300 cm3 s–1 = 25 π cm3 s– 1
dt 4πr2 4π(3cm)2 3

9) l = ? cm A = 4 cm2
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A= l2
Find the l ,
l = 4 cm2
l2 = 4 cm2
l = √4 cm2 = 2cm

Differentiate the function A = l2

dA = 2l ; dl = ? cm s– 1 ; dA = 10 cm2 s –1
dl dt dt
The relation between the rate of change of A, dA and the rate of change of l , dl
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dl = dl × dA
dt dA dt
dl = 1 × 10 cm2 s–1 , sub in value of l → 1 × 10 cm2 s–1 = 5 cm s– 1
dt 2l 2(2cm) 2

10) ) l = 2 cm
V=l3
Differentiate the function V = l 3
dV = 3l 2 ; dV = 0.012 cm3 s– 1
dl dt
The relation between the rate of change of V, dV and the rate of change of l , dl
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
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dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dl = dl × dV
dt dV dt
dl = 1 × 0.012 cm3 s– 1 , sub in value of r → 1 × 0.012 cm3 s– 1 = 0.001 cm s– 1
dt 3l 2 3(2cm)2

11) l = 1 cm T.S.A = 6l 2 V=l3

Differentiate the functions T.S.A = 6l 2 and V = l 3
dA = 12l dV = 3l2
dl dl

The relation between the rate of change of V, dV and the rate of change of A, dA
dl dl
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dV = dV × dl
dA dl dA
dV = 3l2 × 1
dA 12l
dV = 3l
dA 12

dV = 3l ; dA = 0.2 cm2 s– 1
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dA 12 dt
The relation between the rate of change of V, dV and the rate of change of A , dA
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dV = dV × dA
dt dA dt
dV = 3l × 0.2 cm3 s– 1 , sub in value of l → 3(1) × 0.2 cm3 s– 1 = 0.05 cm3 s– 1
dt 12 12
1
12a) y = x2 + → x2 + x- 1 x = 2 cm
x

Differentiate the function y = x2 + x-1

1
dy = 2x - x-2 ; dx = unit s– 1
5
dx dt
The relation between the rate of change of y, dy and the rate of change of x , dx
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
1 1
dy = 2x – 1 × unit s– 1 , sub in value of x → 2x – 1 × unit s– 1 = 3 cm s– 1
5 5
dt x2 x2 4
12b) A = 2x × 3x = 6x x = 3 cm P = 2(2x cm) + 2(3x cm) = 10x cm
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Differentiate the function y = x2 + x-1

1
dA = 36 cm2 s– 1 ; dx = unit s– 1
5
dt dt
The relation between the rate of change of y, dy and the rate of change of x , dx
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
1 1
dy = 2x – 1 × unit s– 1 , sub in value of x → 2(3) – 1 × unit s– 1 = 3 cm s– 1
5 5
dt x2 (3)2 4

14) x = 4 cm A = ½ bh → ½ (x + 1)(x) = ½ x(x + 1) = ½ x2+ ½ x

Differentiate the function A = ½ x2+ ½ x
dA = x+ ½ ; dx = 2 cm s– 1
dx dt
The relation between the rate of change of A, dA and the rate of change of x , dx
dx dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dA = dA × dx
dt dx dt
dA = x + ½ × 2 cm s– 1 , sub in value of x → (4 cm) + ½ × 2cm s– 1 = 9 cm s– 1
dt
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15) r = x cm h = 2x cm
V = Ah = πr2h
The relation between the radius r, x and height h, 2x
V = πr2 h = 2πx2 × x = 2πx3
Differentiate the function V = 2πx3
dV = 6πx2 ; dx = – 0.1 cm s– 1
dx dt
The relation between the rate of change of V, dV and the rate of change of x , dx
dt dt
can be obtained Using the Chain Rule
dy = dy × dx
dt dx dt
dV = dV × dx
dt dx dt
dV = 6πx2 × – 0.1 cm s– 1 , sub in value of x →6π(2 cm)2 × – 0.1 cm s– 1 = – 2.4π cm3 s– 1
dt