ARCHITECTURAL TECHNICAL DRAWING

EARC125

Presentation 8

Lecturer Yaşar Umut Barış Bektaş

What is Plan?

THE PLAN IS A HORIZONTAL SECTION!

It is not a bird's eye view.

Let's take a horizontal section from the approximate eye

height of a person on the ground floor.

Ground Floor Plan

h: 170cm
Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Plan?

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Plan? (What Did We Cut?)

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Plan? (What Did We Cut?)
Cut Elements:
1- Walls
2- Glasses

The windows will appear thinner than the walls.

Because the wall is a thicker structural element than glass.

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Plan? (What Did We Cut?) (What Did We See Without Cut?)
Elements Appeared:
1- Floor surfaces
2- Lines of the floor covering
3- Window parapets
4- Furnitures
5- The immediate surroundings of the building
a. garden path, stairs and sidewalks (hard ground
around the building)
b. soil, grass etc. (soft ground around the building)
c. garden walls
d. neighboring buildings

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Plan? (What Did We Cut?) (What Did We See Without Cut?) (What Didn't We See?)
Elements Appeared:
1- Floor surfaces
2- Lines of the floor covering
3- Window parapets
4- Furnitures
5- The immediate surroundings of the building
a. garden path, stairs and sidewalks (hard ground
around the building)
b. soil, grass etc. (soft ground around the building)
c. garden walls
d. neighboring buildings

Elements Not Seen:

1. Eaves and ridge of the roof

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Plan? (What Should We Add to the Plan Drawing?)
The drawing of what is cut, what is seen and what is not seen is completed.

Now we need to add some explanations to the plan.

1. Door openings: To indicate the movement of the door leaf and the area it scans during opening and closing.
2. Top view of people
3. Venue names and areas
4. Section lines
5. Arrows pointing to entries
6. Northern arrow
7. Stair climbing line
8. Dimensions
9. Street names
10. ...
What is Plan? (What Should We Add to the Plan Drawing?)

Darçın, 2018-MAT
* Visuals of the plan drawing were compiled
from Polat Darçın's 2018-2019 Academic
Year Mimari Anlatım Teknikleri lecture
notes.
What is Section? (What Did We Cut?)

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Section? (What Did We Cut?)

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Section? (What Did We Cut?) (What did we see without cut?)

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Section? (What Should We Add to the Section Drawing?)

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Elevation?

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Elevation?

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Elevation?

Darçın, 2018-MAT
What is Roof?
● Roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building. A roof protects the building and its components from the effects of
weather. Depending upon the nature of the building, the roof may also protect against heat, against sunlight, against cold and
against wind.

● The shape of roofs differs greatly from region to region. The main factors which influence the shape of roofs are the climate and
the materials available for roof structure and the outer covering.
What is Roof?
● Rain and snow fall more directly and in greater quantities on the roof and roof covering than on the walls. As a result, roofs must
provide a significant barrier to rain ingress, with strong weatherproofing being especially critical. Simultaneously, the roof
framework that supports the roof covering must be sufficiently strong and stable. A roof must also have thermal insulation, fire
resistance, and sound insulation in addition to these features.
What is Roof?
What is Roof?
● Gable Roof

● The gable roof has two sloping sides that meet at the top to form a gable at each end. It is the most common type of roof. The
gable roof is a particularly common style of the roof because it is simple to construct, sheds water well, allows for ventilation,
and can be used with almost any building design.

● The two surfaces are connected to each other with a roof ridge. The triangular surface formed by the front and rear walls of the
building is closed with gable walls.
Roof Slope
● The roof surface is made sloping so that the water flowing on it can flow away without stopping. This slope varies depending on
the climate of the place where the roof is built, the type of roofing material to be used and the appearance of the building.

● Roofs in different geographical regions of the world vary significantly according to climatic, cultural characteristics and material
possibilities. For example; In regions with low rainfall, roofs are designed with a slope that is almost flat, while in climates with
high rainfall, roofs are made sloped to immediately remove rain and snow water.

Vertical Roof Flat Roof Medium Slope Roof

Roof Slope
● Roofs are sloped according to the climate zone they are in. If you are in a climate with high snow load, you need to keep the roof
slope higher. In climates where there is no snowfall and there is not much rain, terrace roofs are generally preferred.

● Roof slope is calculated as 33% unless a special condition is specified. This is the slope of the line (roof plate) drawn from under
the eaves to the ridge.

Flat Roof Medium Slope Roof Vertical Roof

 Drawing of Roof Slope

EAVES TRACE
eaves bottom elevation: 2.74

EAVES TRACE
eaves bottom elevation: 3.01

● For drawings, eave elevation and

slope or (rarely) ridge elevation
and slope may be given.

RIDGE TRACE
Drawing of Roof Slope
● When the eaves bottom elevation and slope are given, the section is drawn starting
from the bottom.

● The eaves traces of the roof are carried to the section.

● The lower elevation of the eaves is marked and a 33% slope is calculated.

● The ridge trace is carried to the section.

● A line is drawn from the bottom elevation of the eaves to the ridge with a slope of
33%. This line is the roof plate. %33 Slope
● The roof plate also has a thickness like the wall. Therefore, it must be completed
with a line parallel to itself. This thickness can be taken as approximately 20 cm.
Drawing of Roof Slope
Drawing of Roof Slope
● After drawing the B-B section, moving is done for the A-A
section, just like when drawing the side view on the Epure
plane.

● Section A-A begins to be drawn from the bottom.

● According to the plan, the ridge in section A-A should be

drawn in appearance, not in section. To determine the
height of the roof in the kitchen area, the A-A section line
on the plan is moved to the B-B section.

● The height of the ceiling in the kitchen area is determined

when the height where the A-A section line intersects the
roof in the B-B section is extended horizontally to the A-A
section.
Draw the plan you see and also the two sections on the
Epure plane on the A3 letterhead.

The roof slope is 33% and it is a gable roof.

For BB section, the eaves bottom elevation on the left

side is 2.74, and on the right side it is 3.01.
What is Stair?
● Vertical circulation elements formed by regularly spaced
steps are called stairs.

● Stairs are a very essential part of multistory buildings. It

can be defined as a series set of steps used for climbing one
floor to another of a building. Staircase is suitable for
walking up a small vertical distance. There are many types
of stairs used in buildings and structures.
Parts and Components of Staircase
● There are various components or parts of a staircase that
have their own functions. Staircases may be in all shapes
and arrangements to suit different properties but the main
parts that go up to make any staircases are common.
Parts and Components of Staircase
● Following are the various components of a staircase:

● Step (Tread and Riser)

● Step: Comprised of a tread and a riser, this is the part of the stair which permits ascending or descending from one floor to
another.

● Tread: The tread is the part of the staircase that a person’s foot would walk on when using the staircase. There is always one
fewer tread than risers in a staircase. The overall horizontal distance of the stairs will be the number of threads added together.

● Rise: The rise is the vertical distance from the top of one to the next subsequent tread.

● Riser: The riser is the vertical member that infills between the treads. The vertical board forms the face of the step and also
forms the space between one step and the next.

● Nosing: The front or side overhangs of the tread which extend past the riser or stringer. In some cases, tread might not have a
nosing.
Parts and Components of Staircase
● String or Stringers: The side or middle supports in a stair that support the treads and risers. They run along the slope of a stair.

● Closed Stringer: A staircase design that does not allow you to see the tread and riser outline from the side.

● Sawtooth Stringer: A staircase design that allows you to see the tread and riser outline from the side.

● Mono Stringer: A staircase design that involves a central or off-center spine to support the treads.

● Winders: 2 or 3 tapering or triangular shaped section of treads used to change the direction of a stair.

● Bullnose: It is known as starting footstep. When stairs are unbolted on one or both sides, the initial step above the lower floor
may be wider than the other steps and rounded.

● Landing: The level platform between two flights and facilitates the change in of direction of the staircase.

● Newel Post: A vertical component that is placed at the ends or middle of a staircase flight They can support stringers and
handrails. These provide rigidity to the handrails and balustrades.
Parts and Components of Staircase
● Balusters: The vertical structure that supports the handrails.

● Handrail: It is the handhold that follows the contour of the nosing line of the staircase and is fixed on the top of the balusters.

● Balustrade: A balustrade is the combined framework of a handrail and balusters. This provides protection or a barrier to protect
the user from falling from a stair.

● Floor to Floor: The vertical distance from the lower floor to the next floor up.

● Pitch or Slope: The angle which the line of nosing of the stair aligns with the horizontal.
Parts and Components of Staircase
Parts and Components of Staircase

Wooden Stair

Steel Stair

Concrete Stair
Stair Calculations

Riser Tread tread + 2 risers = 620-640 mm

tread = 26-32 cm

These riser and tread dimensions

are only valid for private
staircases serving fewer than 10
users and staircases leading to
unused attics.
Types of Stairs

● Straight Stair

● Quarter-turn Stair (L Shaped-Stair)

● Half-turn Stair (U-shaped Stair)

● Winder Stair

● Circular Stair

● Spiral Stair
Straight Stair

Straight stair allows transition from one level to

another without turns and bends.

Building regulations generally limit the vertical height

between landings to 3650 mm.

The stair can be approached along its axis or

perpendicularly.
Quarter-turn Stair (L Shaped-Stair)
Quarter-turn or L-shaped stair makes a right-angled
turn in its travel path.

The two stair flights connected through the landing can

be of equal or different length depending on the
desired stair span ratio.

Landings that are below normal eye level and provide

space to rest or take a break are inviting for users.
Types of Stairs

Straight Stair Quarter-turn Stair (L Shaped-Stair)

Half-turn Stair (U-shaped Stair)
Half-turn stairs turn 180 degrees on the landing placed between
them.

Half-turn stairs take up less space than a straight stairs.

The two stair flights connected through the landing can be of equal
or different length depending on the desired stair span ratio.
Types of Stairs

Half-turn Stair (U-shaped Stair)

Winder Stair

In swivel steps, normal step size is provided 300

mm inside from the narrow ends of the steps.

Minimum 150 mm at narrow ends of steps.

Circular Stair

Minimum 250 mm at narrow ends of steps.

The inner radius must be at least twice the width

of the step.
Types of Stairs

Circular Stair Spiral Stair

Practice-05
Draw the floor plans in the figure and take the section passing
through the marked place.

Riser: 20 cm / Tread: 30 cm

Floor height: 3 m

Roof: Terrace Roof

Roof parapet: 60 cm

Window parapet: 80 cm

Door height: 210 cm

Window height: 120 cm