DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES

SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

A. SIGMUND FREUD

- most well-known psychologist because of his very interesting theory about unconscious/ conscious,
personality theory, and sexual development

o Topographic Model: UNCONSCIOUS

-large below the surface area which contains thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories, of which we are
unaware. CONSCIOUS

-All that we are aware SUBCONSCIOUS

- It is right below the surface, but still hidden somewhat unless we search for it.

- Examples: telephone/cellphone number, childhood memories, name of childhood friend.

o Personality Components

1. ID - operates on the pleasure principle.

-wants

2. EGO -operates on the reality principle

-actions

3. SUPEREGO -represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment (the conscious) and
for future aspirations

- moral & conscience

FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES (OAPHALAGE)

Important Terms:

EROGENOUS ZONE- pleasure area

FIXATION- results from failure to satisfy the needs of a particular stage.

1. ORAL STAGE (birth – 18 months)

- Oral pleasures (sucking)

- Erogenous zone (pleasure area) : mouth

- Fixation Oral Receptive

- has a tendency to smoke, drink alcohol, overeat Oral Aggressive

- tendency to bite nails, use curse words, gossip

2. ANAL STAGE (18 months- 3 years)

- The child finds satisfaction in retaining and eliminating feces

- Erogenous zone(pleasure area) : anus Anal retentive

- an obsession with cleanliness, perfection and control Anal expulsive

- the person becomes messy and disorganized.

3. PHALLIC STAGE (ages 3- 6)

- Erogenous zone(pleasure area) : genitals

- Children become interested in what makes the boys and girls different.

- Preschoolers will sometimes be seen fondling their genitals.

✓ OEDIPUS COMPLEX

-a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

-son to mother

✓ ELECTRA COMPLEX

-a girl’s sexual desires toward his father and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival mother

-daughter to father

4. LATENCY STAGE (ages 6- puberty)

- Erogenous zone(pleasure area) : NONE

- Children focuses in the acquisition of physical and academic skills.

- Boys relate more with boys and girls with girls during this stage. Defense Mechanisms

-occur in Latency stage in which the sexual feelings/urges repressed

REPRESSION

- A defense mechanism that pushes threatening thoughts into the unconscious

- P- pinipigilan / pugngan

DENIAL

- A defense mechanism in which one refuses to acknowledge anxiety provoking stimuli

REGRESSION

- Defense mechanism where one returns to an earlier, safer stage of one’s life to escape

PRESENT THREATS

- G – Gibalik-balikan /Gi-reminisce

PROJECTION
- Defense mechanism in which anxiety arousing impulse are externalized by placing onto others

DISPLACEMENT

- Defense mechanism in which the target of one’s unconscious fear or desire is shifted away from true
cause

SUBLIMATION

- Defense mechanism where dangerous urges are transformed into positive, socially acceptable forms

5. GENITAL STAGE (puberty onwards)

- Begins at the start of puberty when sexual urges are awakened.

- Adolescents focus their sexual urges towards the opposite sex with pleasures centered on the genitals