Solution

CH. 4 COMPLEX NUMBERS AND QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (PRACTICE WORKSHEET)

Class 11 - Mathematics
Section A
−−
1. (b) 1/√26
−−
Explanation: 1/√26
1
Let z = (1−i)(2+3i)

1
⇒ z=
2
2+i−3i

1
⇒ z=
2+i+3

1 5−i
⇒ z= ×
5+i 5−i
5−i
⇒ z=
2
25−i
5−i
⇒ z=
25+1
5−i
⇒ z=
26
5 i
⇒ z= −
26 26
−−−−−−−−
25 1
⇒ |z| = √ +
676 676

1
⇒ z=
√26

2. (d) circle with centre (–1, 0) and radius 1

Explanation: |z + 1| = 1 ⇒ |(x + 1) + iy| = 1
⇒ (x + 1)2 + y2 = 1
which is a circle with centre (–1, 0) and radius 1.
z̄
3. (a) ∣∣ z
∣
∣
z̄
Explanation: ∣∣ z
∣
∣
2 2
∣ |z̄ | ∣ ∣ |z̄ | ∣ 2
∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣ (∵ zz̄ = |z| )
2
∣ z z̄ ∣ ∣ |z| ∣

Let z = a - ib
−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ |z| = √a + b

Let z̄ = a - ib
−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ |z| = √a + b
2 2
∣ |z̄ | ∣ ∣ |z̄ | ∣
∴ ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣
2
∣ z z̄ ∣ ∣ |z| ∣
z̄
= ∣
∣
∣
∣
z

4. (b) 1
3−4ix
Explanation: Given that ( 3+4ix
) = α − iβ

3−4ix 3−4ix
8 ⇒ ( × ) = α − iβ
3+4ix 3−4ix

2 2
9−12ix−12ix+16i x
⇒ = α − iβ
2
9−16i x2
2
9−24ix−16x
⇒ = α − iβ
2
9+16x
2
9−16x
⇒
2
−
24x

2
i = α − iβ ....(i)
9+16x 9+16x
2
9−16x
⇒
2
+
24x

2
i = α + iβ .....(ii)
9+16x 9+16x

multiplying eqn. (i) and (ii) we g et

2 2 2
9−16x 24x 2 2
( ) + ( ) = α + β
2 2
9+16x 9+16x

2 2 2
(9−16x ) +(24x )
2 2
⇒ = α + β
2 2
(9+16x )

4 2 2
81+256x −288x +576x 2 2
⇒ = α + β
2 2
(9+16x )

4 2
81+256x +288x 2 2
⇒ = α + β
2
(9+16x2 )

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 2
2
(9+16x )
2 2
⇒ = α + β
2
(9+16x2 )

So, α 2 + β 2 = 1
Hence, the correct option is (a)
5. (b) i
Explanation: i273 = (i4)68 × i = (1)68× i = 1× i = i
Section B
6. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: (2 + 3i) [(3 + 2i) + (2 + i)]
= (2 + 3i) (3 + 2i) + (2 + 3i) (2 + i)
= (6 - 6) + 13i + (4 - 3) + 8i
= 1 + 12i
Hence, Assertion & Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
7. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: While finding congugate of a complex number sign of imaginary part of complex no gets changed.
8. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Assertion Given, Z1 = 2 + 3i, Z2 = 3 - 2i
∴ Z1 - Z2 = (2 + 3i) - (3 - 2i)
= (2 - 3) + i(3 - (-2)) = -1 + 5i
Hence, Assertion and Reason both are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
9. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
z1
Explanation: = z ⋅
z2
1
1

z2

1
= (2 + 3i)( 1+2i
)

= (2 + 3i)( 1

5
−
2

5
i)

2 6 4 3
= ( + ) + i (− + )
5 5 5 5

8 1
= − i
5 5

10. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Assertion:
592 590 588 586 584
i +i +i +i +i

582 580 578 576 574

i +i +i +i +i
584 8 6 4 2
i (i + i + i + i +1)

=
574 8 6 4 2
i (i + i + i + i +1)

584
i
=
574
i

= i10
= i4× 2+2
= i2
= -1
hence, Assertion is true.
Reason:
in + in+1 + in+2 + in+3 + in+4 + in+5 + in+6 + in+7
= in(1 + i + i2 + i3 + i4 + i5 + i6 + i7)
= in(1 + i - 1 - i + 1 + i - 1 - i)
= in(0)
=0
hence, Reason is also correct.
but reason is not correct explanation of Assertion.
Section C
11. State True or False:

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 (i) (b) False
Explanation: False
(ii) (a) True
Explanation: True
(iii) (a) True
Explanation: True
(iv) (a) True
Explanation: True
(v) (a) True
Explanation: True
Section D
12. Fill in the blanks:
(i) 1. 3
(ii) 1. 3 - i
(iii) 1. Complex
(iv) 1. real, imaginary
(v) 1. 0
Section E
13. We have,
2 2
(2+3i) 4+12i+9i 4+12i−9 2+i −5+12i 2+i −22+19i 19
22
z= = = × = × = = − + i
2−i 2−i 2−i 2+i 2−i 2+i 2 5 5
4−i
22 19
z=− 5
+
5
i

22 19
∴ z̄ = −
5
−
5
i .
14. Let z = 2 - 5i. Then,
Izl2 = {22 + (-5)2} = (4 + 25) = 29
−−
=> |z| =√29
15. i30 + i40 + i60 = i 4×7+2
+ i
4×10
+ i
4×15

7 10 15
4 2 4 4
= [ (i ) × i ] + [ (i ) ] + [ (i ) ]

= (1× -1) + 1 + 1 (∵ i4 = 1 and i2 = -1)

= -1 + 1+ 1 = 1
16. Let z = 3 + 2i. Then,
z-1 =
1 1 3−2i 3−2i 3 2

z
=
3+2i
=
(3+2i)(3−2i)
=
2
=
13
−
13
i .
9−4i

17. Given that, (8 - 4i) - (- 3 + 5i)

Firstly, we open the brackets
= 8 - 4i + 3 - 5i
= 11 - 9i
18. (5i) (− 3

5
i) = −3i
2
= −3 × −1 (∵ i
2
= −1)

= 3 = 3 + 0i
3+4i 1+i+3−6i 3+4i 4−5i 3+4i (12+20)+i(16−15) (22)+i(1)
19. ( 1

1−2i
+
1+i
3
)(
2−4i
) = ×
2−4i
=
3−i
×
2−4i
= =
(1+2)+i(−2+1) (6−4)+i(−2−12) (2)+i(−14)

(22)+i(1) 1+7i
= ×
2(1−7i) 1+7i

15+154i 15+154i
= 2(1+49)
= 100

–
20. Let z = (2 + √3i) . Then, 2

z = 4 + 3i2 + 4√3i = 4 - 3 + 4√3i = 1 + 4√3i [i2 =-1]

– – –

1−4√3i 1−4√3i 4√3i

∴
1

z
=
1
= =
1+48
=
1

49
−
49
.
4+ √3i (1+4√3i)(1−4√3i)

21. (6 + 5i) - (3 + 2i) = (6 + 5i) + (- 3 - 2i)

= (6 - 3) + (5 - 2) i = 3 + 3i

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22. i−71
=
1

71
×
i

i
=
i

72
i i
i i 4
= = = i. [∵ i = 1]
4 18 1
(i )

=> i-71 = i
9 9
1 1
23. (i 41
+
257
) = (i
4×10+1
+
4×64+1
)
i i
9
10
= [(i 4
) × i +
1

64
]
4
(i ) ×i

9
= (i + 1

i
) (∵ i
4
= 1)

9
i
= (i + 2
)
i

= (i - i)9 (∵ i2 = -1)
=0
24. We have,
4x + i (3x - y) = 3 - 6i
⇒ 4x + i (3x - y) = 3 + i (- 6)

On equating real and imaginary parts from both sides, we get

3
4x = 3 ⇒ x = and 3x - y = - 6 4

⇒ 3( 3

4
) - y = - 6 [∵ x = 3

4
]
⇒
9

4
-y=-6
⇒ y= 9

4
+ 6 =
33

∴ x= 3

4
and y = 33

25. Let, (a + ib)2 = -4 - 3i

⇒ a2 + (bi)2 + 2abi = -4 -3i [(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]
⇒ a2 - b2 + 2abi = -4 - 3i [ i2 = -1]
now, separating real and complex parts, we get
⇒ a2 - b2 = -4…………..(1)
⇒ 2ab = -3

⇒ a = − ……..(2) 3

2b

Now, using the value of a in eq.1, we get

2

⇒ (−
2b
3
) – b2 = -4

⇒ 9 – 4b4 = -16b2
⇒ 4b4 - 16b2 - 9= 0
Simplify and get the value of b2 , we get,
⇒ b2 = 9

2
or b2 = -2
As b is real no. so, b2 = 9

2
3 3
b= or b= −
√2 √2

Now, using the value of b in eq.2, we geta= − 1

or a= 1

√2 √2

Hence the square root of the complex no. is − 1

+
3
i and 1
−
3
i .
√2 √2 √2 √2

(2+i) 2+i
26. Let z = =
2
(3−i)(1+2i) 3+6i−1−2i
2+i 2+i
= =
3+6i−1+2 4+6i

2+i 4−6i
= ×
4+6i 4−6i

[(a + b)(a - b) = a2 - b2]

2
8−12i+4i−6i
=
16+36
8−8i+6
=
52
14−8i
=
52
8
z= 14

52
−
52
i

14 8
z̄ = + i
52 52

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 5+ √2i 5+ √2i 1+ √2i
27. Let z = = ×
1− √2i 1− √2i 1+ √2i

–
[multiplying numerator and denominator by 1 + √2i ]
5+5√2i+ √2i−2
= 2
1−( √2i)

3+6√2i
= 1+2

3(1+2√2i)
= 3
–
= 1 + 2√2 i
28. Given , Re(z2) = 0, |Z| = 2
−−−−−−
Let z = x + iy. Then |z| = √x + y . 2 2

− −−−− −
Given that √x + y = 2 2 2

⇒ x2 + y2 = 4 ...equation(i)
Also, z2 = x2 + 2ixy - y2 = (x2 - y2) + 2ixy
Now, Re(z2) = 0
⇒ x2 - y2 = 0 ...equation(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ x2 = y2 = 2
– –
⇒ x = ± √2 and y = ± √2
– –
∴ z = x + iy = ± √2 ± i√2

Hence, we have four complex numbers.

3
(1−i)
29. 3
1−i
2

(∵ i2 = -1)
(1+ i −2i)(1−i)

3
1−i

−2i(1−i) 3
1+i
×
3 3
1−i 1+i
3 4
−2i(1+ i −i− i )

6
1−i

[i4 = 1 and [i2 = 1 ]

−2i(1−i−i−1)

2
1−i

−2i(−2i)

= -2 + 0i
30. let z = i + i2 + i3 + i4 +…. up to 400 terms
We know that given series is GP where a=i , r = i and n = 400
n
a(1− r )
Thus, S = 1−r

400
i(1−(i) )

z= 1−i
100
4
i(1− (i ) )

z= 1−i
100

[∵ i4 = 1]
i(1− 1 )

z= 1−i

i(1−1)
z= 1−i
= 0
−−−−−− −−−−−−
|z|+Re(z) |z|−Re(z)
31. √z = ±[√ 2
+i √
2
] , if Im (z) > 0
−−−−−− −−−−−−
|z|+Re(z) |z|−Re(z)
√z = ±[√
2
−i √
2
] , if Im (z) < 0
z = -i, Re (z) = 0, |z| = 1
Here, Im (z) = -1
=> Im (z) < 0
−−−−−− −−−−−−
|z|+Re(z) |z|−Re(z)
∴ √z = ± [√ −i √ ]
2 2
−
− −
−
1 1
= ±[√ − i√ ]
2 2

1
= ± (1 − i)
√2
−−−−−− −−−−−−
|z|+Re(z) |z|−Re(z)
32. √z = ±[√ 2
+i √
2
] , if Im (z) > 0
−−−−−− −−−−−−
|z|+Re(z) |z|−Re(z)

√z = ±[√
2
−i √
2
] , if Im (z) < 0
– −
−− – −−−−−−−−
z=1+4 √3√−1 =1+4 √3i , Re (z) = 1, |z| = √1 + 16 × 3 = 7

5 / 13
 –
Here, Im (z) = 4√3
–
=> Im (z) = 4√3 > 0
−−−−−− −−−−−−
|z|+Re(z) |z|−Re(z)
∴ √z = ± [√ +i √ ]
2 2
−−− −−−
7+1 7−1
= ±[√ +i √ ]
2 2

–
= ±(2 + √3i)
−−−−
33. Let x + yi = √1 + i
Squaring both side, we get
x2 - y2 + 2xyi = 1 + i
Equating the real and imaginary parts
x2 - y2 = 1
1
2xy = 1 ⇒ xy =
2

Now from the identity

(x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2)2 + 4x2y2
2
2 1
= (1) + 4( )
2

=1+1
=2
.... (ii) [Neglecting (-) sign as x2 + y2 > 0]
2 2 –
∴ x + y = √2

Solving (i) and (ii) we get

√2+1 √2−1
x
2
=
2
and y 2
=
2
−−−− −−−−
√2+1 √2−1
∴ x = ±√
2
and y = ±√ 2

Since the sign of xy is positive then if

−−−− −−−−
√2+1 √2−1
x = √
2
,y=√ 2
−−−− −−−−
√2+1 √2−1
if x = −√ 2
, y = −√ 2
−−− − −−−−−
−−−− √2+1 √2−1
∴ √1 + i = ± [√ + √ i]
2 2

−−−−−−
34. Let √7 − 24i = x + iy. Then
−−−−−−
√7 − 24i = x + iy
⇒ 7 - 24i = (x + iy)2
⇒ 7 - 24i = (x2 - y2) + 2i xy
⇒ x2 - y2 = 7 ... (i)
and 2xy = -24 ... (ii)
Now, (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2)2 + 4 x2 y2
⇒ (x2 + y2)2 = 49 + 576 = 625 [∵ x2 + y2 > 0]
⇒ x2 + y2 = 25... (iii)
add (i) and (iii), we get
2x2 = 32
⇒ x2 = 16
⇒ x=±4
put value of x in (I), we get
y2 = 9 => y = ± 3
From (ii) we observe that 2xy is negative. So, x and y are of opposite signs.
−−−−−−
Hence, √7 − 24i = ± (4 - 3i)
35. Let, (a + ib)2 = 5 + 12i
⇒ a2 + (bi)2 + 2abi = 5 + 12i [(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]
⇒ a2 - b2 + 2abi = 5 + 12i [i2 = -1]
now, separating real and complex parts, we get
⇒ a2 - b2 = 5…………..eq.1

6 / 13
 ⇒ 2ab = 12
⇒ a = ……..eq.2
6

now, using the value of a in eq.1, we get

2

⇒ (
6

b
) – b2 = 5

⇒ 36 – b4 = 5b2
⇒ b4 + 5b2 - 36= 0
=> ( b2 + 9)( b2 - 4) = 0
⇒ b2 = -9 or b2 = 4
As b is real no. so, b2 = 4
b = 2 or b= -2
put value of b in equation (2) ===> a = 3 or a= -3
Hence the square root of the complex no. is 3 + 2i and -3 - 2i.
36. x = 3 + 2i
⇒ x2 = (3 + 2i)2
x2 = 9 + 4i2 + 12i
x2 = 5 + 12i
⇒ x3 = x2 × x
x3 = (5 + 12i) × (3 + 2i)
x3 =15 + 10i + 36i - 24
x3 = -9 + 46i
⇒ x4 = (x2)2
= (5 + 12i)2
= 25 + 114i2 + 120i
x4= -119 + 120i
⇒ x4 - 4x3 + 4x2 + 8x + 44 = -119 + 120i - 4 (-9 + 46i) + 4(5 + 12i) +8(3 + 2i) + 44
= -119 + 120i + 36 - 184i + 20 + 48i + 24 + 16i + 44
=5
1+i
37. x =
√2

2
2 1+i
⇒ x = ( )
√2
2
1+ i +2i
= ( )
2

2i
=
2

=> x2 = i
⇒ x6 = (x2)3
= i3
=> x6 = -i
⇒ x2 = i
⇒ x4 = (x2)2
= i2
=> x4 = -1
Now, x6 +x4 + x2 + 1 = -i - 1 + i + 1 = 0
−−−−−−−−
−
−−
− –
38. √7 − 30√−2 = 7 - 30√2i
Let, (a + ib)2 = 7 - 30√2i
–

a2 + (bi)2 + 2abi = 7 - 30√2i [(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]

–
⇒

a2 - b2 + 2abi = 7 - 30√2i [i2 = -1]

–
⇒

Now, separating real and complex parts, we get

7 / 13
 ⇒ a2 - b2 = 7 …………..eq.1
–
⇒ 2ab =30√2

15√2
⇒ a= b
…….. eq.2
Now, using the value of a in eq.1, we get
2

– b2 = 7
15√2
⇒ ( )
b

⇒ 450 – b4 = 7b2
⇒ b4+ 7b2 - 450 = 0
Simplify and get the value of b2 , we get,
⇒ b2 = -25 or b2 = 18
As b is real no. so, b2 = 18
– –
b = 3√2 or b= −3√2
Now, using the value of b in eq.2, we get
⇒ a= 5 or a= - 5
– –
Hence the square root of the complex no. is 5 + 3√2i and −5 − 3√2i.
39. (x + iy) (4 + 5i) = 6 - 2i
2
⇒ 4x + 5xi + 4yi + 5y i = 6 − 2i

⇒ (4x − 5y) + (5x + 4y)i = 6 − 2i

Comparing real and imaginary parts on both sides, we have

4x - 5y = 6 and 5x + 4y = - 2
Solving these two equations for x and y , we get
x = and y = −
14

41
38

41

40. Let z = x + iy
⇒ z2 = (x + iy)2 [squaring both sides]
⇒ z2 = x2 + i2 y2 + 2 ixy
⇒ z2 = (x2 - y2) + i (2xy)
∴ Re (z2) = 0
⇒ x2 - y2 = 0 ⇒ x = ± y
⇒ x = y ...(i)

and x = - y ...(ii)
Again, |z| = 2 [given]
⇒ |z|2 = 4
⇒ x2 + y2 = 4 ...(iii)
From Eqs. (i) and (iii), we get
y2 + y2 = 4 ⇒ 2y2 = 4
y2 = 2 ⇒ y = ± √2
–
⇒

Therefore, from Eq. (i), we get

–
x = ± √2
– –
∴ z = ± √2 ± i√2

On putting the value of x from Eq. (ii) in Eq. (iii), we get

(- y)2 + y2 = 4 ⇒ 2 y2 = 4
y2 = 2 ⇒ y = ± √2
–
⇒
–
From Eq. (ii), x = ± √2
– –
∴ z = x + iy ⇒ z = ± √2 ± i√2

Hence proved.
c+i
41. Here a + ib = c−i
2
c+i c+i (c+i)
= × =
c−i c+i 2 2
c −i
2 2
c +2ci+ i
=
2
c +1
2
c −1 2c
= + i
2 2
c +1 c +1

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 Comparing real and imaginary parts on both sides, we have
2
c −1
a= and b = 2c

c2 +1 c2 +1

2 2 2
c −1
Now a 2
+ b
2
= (
2
) + (
2
2c
)
c +1 c +1

2 2 2 2 2
( c −1) +4c ( c +1)
= = = 1
2 2 2 2
( c +1) ( c +1)

2c

b c2 +1 2c
Also a
=
2
=
2
c −1 c −1

c2 +1

42. Let, (a + ib)2 = 0 + 4i

⇒ a2 + (bi)2 + 2abi = 0 + 4i [(a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]
⇒ a2 - b2 + 2abi = 0 + 4i [i2 = -1]
Now, separating real and complex parts, we get
⇒ a2 - b2 = 0 …………..(1)
⇒ 2ab = 4

⇒ a = …….. (2) 2

Now, using the value of a in (1), we get

2

(
2

b
) - b2 = 0

⇒ 4 - b4 = 0
⇒ b4 = 4
Simplify and get the value of b2 , we get,
⇒ b2 = -2 or b2 = 2
As b is real no. so, b2 = 2
– –
b= √2 or b= −√2
– –
put value of b in equation (2) ==> a= √2 or a= −√2
– – – –
Hence the square root of the complex no. is √2 + √2i and −√2 − √2i.
13
(1+i)
43. We have, z = 7
(1−i)

13 7

[multiplying numerator and denominator by (1 + i)7]

(1+i) (1+i)
∴ z= 7
×
7
(1−i) (1+i)

20 20
(1+i) (1+i)
= =
2 7 7
(1− i ) (1+1)

20
(1+i) 1 20
= = (1 + i )
7 7
2 2

1 10
2
= [(1 + i ) ]
7
2

1 10
2
= [1 + 2i + i ]
7
2
10
1 (2)
10 10
= [2i ] = (i )
7 7
2 2

= (2)3 (i2)5 = 8 (- 1)5

∴ z = - 8

Let z = r (cosθ + i sinθ)

⇒ - 8 = r (cosθ + i sinθ)

On equating real and imaginary parts, we get

- 8 = r cosθ ...(i)
and 0 = r sinθ ...(ii)
On squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
r2 (cos2θ + sin2θ) = 64
⇒ r2 = 64
⇒ r = 8

∴ |z| = r = 8
On putting the value of r in Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
cosθ = - 1

9 / 13
 and sinθ = 0
Since, sin θ is zero and cos θ is negative.
So, z lies on negative X-axis, and θ = π
∴ z = 8 (cosπ + i sinπ )
Hence, modulus = r = 8 and argument = θ = π .
44. Given: a = cos θ + i sin θ
1+a 1+cos θ+i sin θ

1−a
= 1−cos θ−i sin θ

(1+cos θ+i sin θ)(1−cos θ+i sin θ)

= (1−cos θ−i sin θ)(1−cos θ+i sin θ)
[Rationalizing the denominator]
(1+cos θ+i sin θ)(1−cos θ+i sin θ)
= 2 2
(1−cos θ ) −(i sin θ )

2 2
(1+i sin θ ) − cos θ
= 2 2
1−2 cos θ+ cos θ+ sin θ
2 2
1+2i sin θ− sin θ− cos θ
= 2 2
1−2 cos θ+ cos θ+ sin θ

[∵ cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1]
1+2i sin θ−1
= 2
1−2 cos θ+ cos 2 θ+ sin θ

= 2i sin θ

1−2 cos θ+1

= 2i sin θ

2−2 cos θ

= i sin θ

1−cos θ
θ θ
i2 sin cos

= 2

θ
2

2
2 sin
2
θ
i cos

= θ
2
= i cot
θ

2
sin
2

45. Let z = x + iy
Given: |z| = z + 1 + 2i
⇒ |x + iy| = x + iy + 1 + 2i
−−−−−−
2
⇒ √x + y
2
= (x + 1) + i(y +2)
⇒ x2 + y2 = (x + 1)2 + 2i (x + 1) (y + 2) − (y + 2)2 [Squaring both sides]
⇒ x2 + y2 = x2 + 2x + 1 + 2i (xy + 2x + y + 2) − (y2 + 4y + 4)
⇒ 2y2 − 2x + 4y + 3 = 2i (xy + 2x + y + 2)
⇒ y2 − x + 2y + 2 = i(xy + 2x + y + 2)
⇒ (y2 − x + 2y + 2) − i(xy + 2x + y + 2) = 0
On comparing we get,
(xy + 2x + y + 2) = 0
⇒ (x + 1) (y + 2) = 0

⇒ x = − 1, y = −2
Also, (y2 − x + 2y + 2) = 0
Taking x = - 1, (y2 - (- 1) + 2y + 2) = 0
⇒ (y2 + 2y + 3) = 0
Does not have a solution since roots will be imaginary.
Taking y = −2, (4 − x − 4 + 2 ) = 0
⇒ x = 2

∴ z = x + iy = 2 - 2i

46. First, let the two complex numbers be conjugate of each other. Let complex numbers be
z1 = a + ib and z2 = a - ib.
Then,
z1 + z2 = (a + ib) + (a- ib) = 2a, which is real.

And, z1 z2 = (a + ib) (a - ib) = a2 - i2 b2 = a2 + b2, which is also real.

Thus, if z1 and z2 are conjugate of each other. Then, their sum z1 + z2 and product z1z2 both are real.

Conversely, let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that their sum z1 + z2 and product z1 z2 both are real. Then, we have to

10 / 13
 prove that z1 and z2 are conjugate of each other.
Let z1 = a1 + ib1 and z2 = a2 + ib2. Then,
z1 + z2 = (a1 + a2) + i(b1 + b2) and z1 z2 = (a1 a2 - b1 b2) + i(a1 b2 + a2 b1)
Now, z1 + z2 and z1 z2 are real,
⇒ (a1 + a2) + i(b1 + b2) and (a1 a2 - b1 b2) + i(a1 b2 + a2 b1) are real
⇒ b1 + b2 = 0 and a1 b2 + a2 b1 = 0 [∵ z is real ⇔ Im (z) = 0]
⇒ b2 = - b1 and a1 b2 + a2 b1 = 0
⇒ b2 = -b1 and - a1 b1 + a2 b1 = 0
⇒ b2 = - b1 and (a2 - a1) b1 = 0
⇒ b2 = -b1 and a2 - a1 = 0
⇒ b2 = - b1 and a2 = a1
⇒ z2 = a2 + ib2 = a1 - ib1 = z ¯
¯¯¯
¯
1

Thus, z1 and z2 are conjugate of each other.

47. Let, z = x + iy
z−1 x+iy−1

z+1
= x+iy+1

x−1+iy
= x+1+iy

(x−1+iy)(x+1−iy)
= [Rationalizing the denominator]
(x+1+iy)(x+1−iy)

(x−1+iy)(x+1−iy)
= 2 2
(x+1) −(iy )

2 2
x +x−ixy−x−1+iy+ixy+iy+ y
= 2 2
x +2x+1+ y
2 2
x −1+2iy+ y
= 2 2
x +2x+1+ y
2 2
x +y −1 2y
= 2 2
+ i
2 2
x +2x+1+ y x +2x+1+ y

∵ It is a purely imaginary number, therefore real part = 0

2 2
x +y −1
= 0
2 2
x +2x+1+ y

⇒ x2 + y2 - 1 = 0
⇒ x2 + y2 = 1
−−−−−−
2 2
⇒ √x + y = 1

⇒ |z| = 1
−−−
−
a−ib
48. We have, x - iy = √ c−id

On squaring both sides, we get

x2 - y2 - 2 ixy = [∵ i2 = - 1]
a−ib

c−id

a−ib c+id
= c−id
×
c+id
[multiplying numerator and denominator by c + id]
2
ac−(i) (bd)−ibc+iad
= 2 2
c +d

ac+bd−ibc+iad
= 2 2
c +d

x2 - y2 - 2 ixy =
ac+bd ad−bc
∴ + i( )
2 2 2 2
c +d c +d

On equating real and imaginary parts both sides, we get

x2 - y2 =
ac+bd bc−ad

2 2
and 2 xy = 2 2
c +d c +d

Now, we know that,

(x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2)2 + (2 xy)2
2 2
ac+bd bc−ad
=[ 2 2
] + [
2 2
]
c +d c +d
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a c +b d +2abcd+ b c + a d −2abcd
= 2
2 2
(c + d )

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
a c +b d +b c +a d
= 2
2 2
(c + d )

11 / 13
 2 2 2 2
(c + d )( a + b ) 2 2
a +b
= 2
=
2 2
2 c +d
( c2 + d )

−−−−−
2

(x2 + y2) = √
2
a +b
∴
2 2
c +d

Hence proved.
−−−−−−
49. Let z = a + ib, then |z| = √a + b 2 2

If |z| = 1 ⇒ |z|2 = 1 ⇒ a2 + b2 = 1
(a−1+ib) (a+1−ib)
Now, ( z−1

z+1
) = (
a+ib−1

a+ib+1
) = × [multiplying numerator and denominator by {(a + 1) - ib}]
(a+1+ib) (a+1−ib)

[ ∵ (x + y) (x - y) = x2 - y2]
[(a−1)+ib][(a+1)−ib]
= 2 2 2
(a+1) − i b

2 2
( a + b −1)+2bi

= 2 2
(a+1) + b

[using, a2 + b2 = 1]
(1−1)+2bi
= 2 2
a +1+2a+ b

[using, a2 + b2 = 1]
0+2bi 2bi
= 2
=
2+2a
2
( a + b )+1+2a

=0+ bi

1+a

z−1 z−1
∴ Real part of ( z+1
) is zero and imaginary part of ( z+1
) is b

1+a

z−1 ib
∴ (
z+1
) =
1+a
is purely imaginary.
Again, when z = 1, then a + ib = 1 + 0i
So, in this case, a = 1, b = 0
z−1 a+ib−1 1+0i−1
∴ (
z+1
) =
a+ib+1
=
1+0i+1
= 0, which is purely real.
1+i cos θ
50. Let z = 1−2i cos θ
1+i cos θ 1+2i cos θ
= 1−2i cos θ
×
1+2i cos θ

1+2i cos θ+i cos θ(1+2i cos θ)

= 2 2
1 +(2 cos θ )

2
1+2i cos θ+i cos θ−2 cos θ
=
1+4 cos 2 θ
2
1−2 cos θ+3i cos θ
=
1+4 cos 2 θ
2
1−2 cos θ
= +
3 cos θ
i
1+4 cos 2 θ 1+4 cos 2 θ

We know that z is purely real, if and only if, Im (z) = 0

3 cos θ
∴
2
= 0 [∵ z is given to be purely real]
1+4 cos θ

⇒ 3 cos θ = 0
⇒ cos θ = 0
⇒ cos θ = cos
π

∴ The general solution is given by,

θ = 2nπ ± ,n∈Z π

2
– –
51. We have, [(√5 + i

2
) (√5 − 2i)] ÷ (6 + 5i)
i
[( √5+ )( √5−2i)]

=
2

(6+5i)

√5i 1
[√5× √5−2i√5+ +( i)(−2i)]
2 2

= (6+5i)

√5
2
5−2√5i+ i− i

= (6+5i)
2

√5
5+( −2√5)i+1

[∵ i2 = 1]
2

=
(6+5i)

√5
[6+( −2√5)i]
2

= (6+5i)

√5
[6+( −2√5)i]
2 (6−5i)
= × [multiplying numerator and denominator by 6 — 5i]
(6+5i) (6−5i)

√5 √5
36−30i+6( −2√5)i+5( −2√5)
2 2

= 2 2
(6) −(5i)

12 / 13
 √5 √5
[36+5( −2√5)]+[−30+6( −2√5)]i
2 2

= 36+25

5√5
(36+ −10√5)+(−30+3√5−12√5)i
2

= 61

1 72+5√5−20√5 –
= 61
[
2
+ (−30 − 9√5)i]

72−15√5 30+9√5
= 122
− i(
61
)

52. Let z = x + iy
Given: z = iz2
¯
¯¯

⇒ x - iy = i(x2 - y2 + 2i xy)
⇒ x - iy = i(x2 - y2) - 2xy
⇒ (x + 2 xy) - i (x2 - y2 + y) = 0
⇒ x + 2xy = 0 ...(i) and x2 - y2 + y = 0 ...(ii)
Now,
x + 2 xy = 0 ⇒ x (1 + 2y) = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or 1 + 2y = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or y = - 1

CASE I: When x = 0
Putting x = 0 in (ii), we have
⇒ - y2 + y = 0 ⇒ y(y - 1) = 0 ⇒ y = 0, y = 1
Thus, we have the following pairs of values of x and y :
x = 0, y = 0; x = 0, y = 1
∴ z = 0 + i 0 = 0 and z = 0 + 1i = i
1
CASE II: When y = - 2
−1
Putting y = 2
in (ii), we get
x2 - y2 + y = 0 ⇒ x2 - = 0 ⇒ x2 -
√3
1

4
- 1

2
3

4
=0⇒x=± 2

Thus, we have the following pairs of values of x and y:

√3 − √3
x= 2
,y= −1

2
and x = 2
,y= −1

√3 − √3
∴ z= 2
- 1

2
i and z = 2
- 1

2
i
√3 √3
Hence, all non-zero complex numbers of z are i, 2
- 1

2
i, - 2
- 1

2
i

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