REVIEWER FOR ENGLISH

Terminologies on research

1. Research problem - statement about an area of concern, a condition to be

improved, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly
literature for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation.
2. Research topic - the subject or issue that a researcher is interested in when
conducting a research
3. Research - process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data;
documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data or
information, in accordance with suitable methodologies
4. Thesis statement - statement that ex[reses the main idea of a research paper.
5. Questionnaire - research instrument consisting of a series of questions in gathering
information from the respondents
6. Interviews - face to face survey method that is utilized when a specific target
population in involved
7. Methodology - systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to field of
study
8. Objectives - specific statements that define the measurable outcomes to achieve the
desired outcome.
9. Research question - an answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue.
10. Sources - materials from which the writer gathers ideas and information.

Steps in selecting and limiting your research topic

1. Brainstorm for ideas - choose a topic that interests you.

2. Identify the sources of general background information - choose sources where
you can gather information about your topic.
3. Focus on your topic - a topic will be very difficult to research if it is too broad or too
narrow. Some common ways to limit a topic are: by geographical area, by culture, by
time frame, by discipline and by population group.
4. Make a list of useful keywords - find key concepts to widen your search
capabilities.
5. Be flexible - it is common to modify your topic during the research process. You
may find too much and need to narrow your focus, or too little and need to broaden
your focus.
6. Define your topic as a focused research question - articulate your research topic
as a concise and specific question that clearly outlines the primary focus of your
investigation
7. Formulate a thesis statement - will usually be one or two sentences that states
precisely what to be answered, proven or what you will inform your audience about
your topic
Steps in writing a research

Step 1: State the current and ideal situation

Step 2: state the 5 wh questions
Step 3: state the scope and method for the study

ADVOCACY

- Activity by an individual or group that aims to influence decisions within political,

economic and social institutions.
- Can include that a person or organization undertakes including media campaigns,
public speaking, commissioning, and public research.

Crafting an effective advocacy message

1. Open with a statement that engages your audience
2. Present the problem
3. Provide facts, data about the problem
4. Share a story or give an example of the problem
5. Connect the issue to the audience’s values, concerns or self interest
6. Make your request (“the ask”)

CAMPAIGN
- Organize actions which are done for a purpose
- Often the main way that you interact with the public and get your organizations
message out to people
- Used to mobilize and involve people in your work, pressurize decision makers,
educate the public and change behavior

LOBBYING
- communicating with any official in the legislative or executive branch for the purpose
of attempting to influence legislative or administrative action or a ballot issue

EXPOSITION
- Forms of writing or discourse that explains describes, provides information
- The author of of an expository text cannot presume that the reader or listener has
any prior knowledge or understanding of the subject under discussion
Purpose
- To present one side of an argument and persuade the reader or listener to agree or
take action to solve the problem

Structure of an Exposition
Exposition text generally begins with an introductory statement of position giving
the author's opinion or point of view. This previews the argument that will follow. The next
section has a series of logical arguments that convince the audience why this position has
been taken. A conclusion ties it all together by reinforcing or summarizing the author's point
of view.
Language features of an exposition

features examples

Conjunctions (or joining words) join one so, and so, because, therefore, if, and, but
part of a sentence to another. They link the
flow of the argument

Modal verbs express the writer's attitude to can, could, should, must, might
the topic

Evaluative language suggests the degree important, best, most, truth, largest, more
of approval or helps compare ideas popular

Thinking verbs know, believe, feel, people think, agreed

Connective words link ideas in an firstly, for that reason, for example, as a
argument consequence, because of this, in particular,
therefore, finally

Forms of writing where exposition can be applied

1. Essay
2. Editorial
3. Letter to the editor
4. speech