CVE 202F: LAB EXERCISE #6

DETERMINING STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR

SUBMITTED TO : ENGR. JENNIE ROQUE

SUBMITTED BY : CUNANAN, JOHN JETHRO P.
 DETERMINING STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR

DATE: NOVEMBER 29, 2O23

LOCATION: VALENCIA HALL ROAD
WEATHER: WARM / MODERATE

I. OBJECTIVES

● TO DETERMINE THE STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR OF AN INSTRUMENT.

II. INSTRUMENTS

● AUTOMATIC LEVEL
● TRIPOD
● PLUMB BOB
● MEASURING STEEL TAPE
● LEVELING ROD
● CHALK

III. PROCEDURES

AREA OF A CERTAIN LOT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TRIANGLES.

1. SET UP AND LEVEL THE INSTRUMENT ON FAIRLY LEVEL GROUND WHERE A

HORIZONTAL SIGHT CAN BE OBTAINED UP TO 120 METERS.

2. SET 2 STAKES ON A STRAIGHT LINE FROM THE INSTRUMENT’S POSITION SUCH

THAT THE FIRST STAKE IS 30 M AWAY AND THE OTHER SUCCEEDING STAKE
EXACTLY 15 M APART. USE A STEEL TAPE IN LAYING OFF THE PRESCRIBED
DISTANCES.

FROM THE ACCOMPANYING FIGURE IT WILL BE NOTED THAT D1, D2, D3, AND SO
ON ARE DISTANCES OF SUCCESSIVE POINTS (A, B, C, AND ETC.) FROM THE
INSTRUMENT SET UP POINT O. ALSO, THESE DISTANCES MEASURE 30, 45, 60,
AND 120, RESPECTIVELY FROM POINT O.

3. WITH THE LEVELING (OR STADIA) ROD HELD PLUMB ON EACH STAKE, DETERMINE
THE UPPER AND LOWER STADIA HAIR READINGS (I.E., A AND B) AND RECORD
THESE OBSERVED DATA.

4. TABULATE ALL MEASURED VALUES ACCORDINGLY. REFER TO THE

ACCOMPANYING FORMAT FOR THE TABULATION OF FIELD DATA.

NOTE:

1. THE SPECIFIED DISTANCES BETWEEN STAKES SHOULD BE LAID OFF VERY

CAREFULLY WITH STEEL TAPE.

2. EXTREME CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN NOT TO MISTAKE THE MIDDLE HORIZONTAL

CROSSHAIR FOR ONE OF THE STADIA HAIRS WHEN READING THE ROD.
 DETERMINING STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR

DATE: NOVEMBER 29, 2O23

LOCATION: VALENCIA HALL ROAD
WEATHER: WARM / MODERATE

3. THE ROD SHOULD BE HELD PLUMB WHEN A READING IS MADE ON IT, AS ANY
INCLINATION OF THE ROD FROM THE VERTICAL WILL INTRODUCE AN ERROR
INTO THE MEASUREMENT MADE. TO ENSURE CORRECT PLUMBING OF THE ROD A
ROD LEVEL SHOULD BE USED.

4. THE STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR (K) SHOULD BE DETERMINED THE FIRST TIME AN
INSTRUMENT IS USED. THIS IS USUALLY WRITTEN ON THE BOX OF THE
INSTRUMENT. IF THIS VALUE IS NOT KNOWN OR GIVEN, IT CAN BE EASILY
DETERMINED BY FOLLOWING THE STEPS AS OUTLINED IN THIS EXERCISE. IN
MOST SURVEYING INSTRUMENT, THE NOMINAL VALUE IS USUALLY 100.

5. IF THE INSTRUMENT IS EXTERNAL FOCUSING, POINT O (SEE ACCOMPANYING

FIGURE) IS LOCATED ON THE LINE AT A DISTANCE C = F + D FROM THE CENTER
OF, AND IN FRONT OF THE INSTRUMENT (WHERE F IS THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE
LENS AND C IS THE DISTANCE FROM THE INSTRUMENT CENTER TO THE
OBJECTIVE LENS CENTER). FOR AN INTERNALLY FOCUSING TELESCOPE, THE
POSITION OF POINT O IS DIRECTLY UNDER THE INSTRUMENT.

6. OWING TO ERRORS IN OBSERVATION AND ALSO TO ERRORS FROM NATURAL

SOURCES, THE VALUES OF THE STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR FOR THE DIFFERENT
DISTANCES ARE NOT LIKELY TO BE EXACTLY EQUAL. THE ACCURACY IN
DETERMINING THE STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR IS INCREASED BY AVERAGING
VALUES FROM DIFFERENT OBSERVATIONS TAKEN ON VARYING DISTANCES FROM

IV. GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION

 DETERMINING STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR

DATE: NOVEMBER 29, 2O23

LOCATION: VALENCIA HALL ROAD
WEATHER: WARM / MODERATE

V. DATA

TRIAL DISTANCE STADIA HAIR READINGS STADIA STADIA INT

INTERCEPT (s) FACTOR (k)
UPPER LOWER

1 3O m 1.385 m 1.O9 m O.295 m 101.6949

2 45 m 1.485 m 1.O2 m O.465 m 96.7742

AVERAGE k = 99.2346

VI. COMPUTATIONS

a. THE STADIA INTERVAL (OR INTERCEPT) AT EACH STAKE IS DETERMINED BY

SUBTRACTING THE LOWER STADIA HAIR READING FROM THE UPPER STADIA
HAIR READING OR

s=a–b

WHERE: s = STADIA INTERVAL OR INTERCEPT

a = UPPER STADIA HAIR READING
b = LOWER STADIA HAIR READING

b. THE STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR (K) IS COMPUTED FOR EACH SIGHT BY DIVIDING
THE DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE INSTRUMENT TO THE STAKE (D) BY
ITS CORRESPONDING STADIA INTERVAL (s) OR

K = D / s or D / (a – b)

WHERE: K = STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR

D = DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE INSTRUMENT TO THE STAKE
S = STADIA INTERVAL (OR a – b)

c. THE MEAN OR AVERAGE OF THE COMPUTED STADIA INTERVAL FACTORS IS

TAKEN AS THE STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR OF THE INSTRUMENT OR

K = (K1 + K2 + K3 ... + Kn) / n

WHERE: K = STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR OF THE INSTRUMENT

N = NUMBER OF POINTS SIGHTED
K1 = STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR FOR THE SIGHT ON THE ROD HELD
AT THE FIRST POINT (A).
 DETERMINING STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR

DATE: NOVEMBER 29, 2O23

LOCATION: VALENCIA HALL ROAD
WEATHER: WARM / MODERATE

SIMILARLY, K2, K3, K4, AND ETC., REPRESENT THE STADIA INTERVAL FACTOR FOR
THE OTHER SIGHTS TAKEN ON OTHER POINTS SUCH AS B, C, D, AND ETC.

TRIAL (a - b) STADIA INTERCEPT (s)

1 1.385 m - 1.09 m 0.295 m

2 1.485 m - 1.02 m 0.465 m

TRIAL DISTANCE s K=D/s STADIA INT

FACTOR (K)

1 30 m 0.295 m = 30 m / 0.295 m 101.6949

2 45 m 0.465 m = 45 m / 0.465 m 96.7742

xK = 101.6949 + 98.7742 = 99.2346

2

VII. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

IN THE CONDUCTED TRIALS, THE STADIA INTERCEPTS WERE DETERMINED FOR

TRIAL 1 AND TRIAL 2, RESULTING IN VALUES OF 0.295 M AND 0.465 M,
RESPECTIVELY. THESE STADIA INTERCEPTS WERE OBTAINED BY SUBTRACTING
THE FORESIGHT (B) FROM THE BACKSIGHT (A) IN EACH TRIAL. ADDITIONALLY,
THE STADIA INTERCEPT FACTORS (K) WERE CALCULATED FOR DISTANCES OF 30
M AND 45 M, YIELDING VALUES OF 101.6949 AND 96.7742, RESPECTIVELY. THE
AVERAGE STADIA INTERCEPT FACTOR (XK) WAS THEN COMPUTED AS 99.2346.
THIS AVERAGED FACTOR SERVES AS A STANDARDIZED MEASURE FOR
CONVERTING STADIA INTERCEPTS TO DISTANCES AND IS ESSENTIAL FOR
ACCURATE SURVEYING CALCULATIONS. THE CONSISTENT AND RELIABLE
RESULTS AFFIRM THE EFFICACY OF THE STADIA INTERCEPT METHOD IN THIS
SURVEYING CONTEXT, PROVIDING A FOUNDATION FOR PRECISE
MEASUREMENTS AND SUBSEQUENT ANALYSES IN THE FIELD.

VIII. GROUP COMPOSITION

● BIGALAN, AUDREY B.
OVERSEE THE OVERALL EXECUTION AND ENSURE ACCURATE DATA RECORDING.
● CRISTOBAL, AALIYAH JEAN F.
ASSIST IN SETTING UP THE INSTRUMENT AND RECORDING STADIA HAIR
READINGS.
● CUNANAN, JOHN JETHRO P.
MARK INITIAL POINTS AND MEASURE STAKE DISTANCES USING THE STEEL TAPE.
● MENDOZA, JUN LLOYD S.
ASSIST IN SETTING UP THE INSTRUMENT AND SOLVING DATA-RELATED ISSUES.
● VERTUDAZO, LEA T.
AID IN MARKING POINTS AND DISTANCES WITH THE MEASURING TAPE.