LESSON I. THE NATURE OF 2.

Still Life
● Paintings of objects such as fruits and
ART
flowers.
Art 3. Animals and Plants
➢ product of man’s inventiveness and ● Associated with virtual arts.
creativity. It is the result of a
conscious will or effort to create 4. Places
artworks or objects with function. ● Historical wonders that have stories
➢ avenue for witnessing truth, beauty, or history.
and goodness.
5. Events
ETYMOLOGY OF THE WORD ART ● Traditional events such as festivals.
The term arts is derived from the following:
➢ The Latin word “ars” meaning ability 6. Religious Items
or skill or to do or man made. ● Religious devotion.
➢ The Italian word “artis” which means ● Example is Manunggul Jar.
craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form,
inventiveness. 7. Mythological
● Gods and goddesses.
ART IS NOT NATURE
● Mythical creatures.
➢ ART is made by man using his skills,
● Egypt, Greece, & Rome
craftsmanship, creativity and
imagination.
8. Country Life
➢ NATURE - Divine model, work of
● Daily life events of the people who live
God, or God made. Nature was not
in provinces.
designed by God to represent and to
express anything.
9. Landscape
● Various forms of land.
ART IS UNIVERSAL
● Landscaping
➢ Art is in us , and it’s all about US.
10. Seascape
ART AS CULTURAL
● Bodies of water.
➢ Culture defines who we are and what
● Aquascaping
we are as a nation.
11. Dreams and Fantasies
ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE
● Things beyond our senses and reality.
➢ Artists will think of every measure to
respond to these experiences.

ART AS EXPRESSION
➢ Art is his avenue and medium to
express himself.

THE SUBJECT MATTER OF ART

1. Portraiture
● Paintings of people who want to
reveal their social status.
● Individuality is the subject matter.
● Examples are portraits of kings and
queens.
 LESSON II. THE FUNCTIONS
7. Cultural
OF ART
➢ We preserve our culture so that young
generations may continue a certain
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
ingenuity and promote our culture
1. Personal
annually by means of national or
➢ Art reflects and echoes human
regional festivals.
experiences and social issues
➢ Culture defines who we are and what
we are as a nation.
2. Social
➢ This should be preserved.
➢ The society that motivates artists to
➢ Municipal and provincial cultural
be more and to do more.
festivals.
➢ Arts that can educate and entertain
➢ National Commission for Culture and
us.
the Arts (NCCA) and Cultural Center
➢ Philippine Museums, theaters,
of the Philippines (CCP).
cultural center, and cultural heritages.
8. Physical
3. Economical
➢ It is the nature of man to preserve life
➢ Richness of culture and beauty of the
and safeguard his being from any
arts in a particular society may bring
aggression.
human prosperity and nation’s
➢ Hospitals, hotels, residential houses,
development.
resorts, restaurants, and gyms.
➢ Shopping malls, stock exchange,
pasalubong centers, and banks.
9. Aesthetic
➢ Man is acquainted and enthusiastic in
4. Historical
the realm of the beautiful, the
➢ History involves significant
awe-inspiring and possessing
personalities, events, places, and
grandeur; of taste and contemplation
breakthroughs.
on enjoyment and attraction.
➢ Shows truth and authenticity.
➢ Any aesthetically pleasing in the eyes.
➢ Public libraries, monuments, and
➢ Photography (landscapes, nudes),
paintings of historical events.
interior designs of old and modern
houses, amusement parks,
5. Political
universities, recreational sports, and
➢ The inter-related branches in the
fashion design.
government, executive, legislative and
judiciary, have edifices to better serve
the common good.
➢ Sandalan ng politicians every
campaign period.
➢ Music, advertisements, and jingles.
➢ Architecture of presidential palaces,
government agencies, provincial
capitols, municipal halls.

6. Spiritual
➢ Artists since the early days have
acknowledged God as the source of
wisdom.
➢ Cathedrals, sacred books, and sacred
vessels (Ostiya and Kalis gold
containers).
 LESSON III. TRADITIONAL
AND NON-TRADITIONAL
ARTS
TRADITIONAL ARTS
1. Folk Architecture
Bangaan - rice terraces
Granary House
➢ Halipan - ladder
➢ Second level - living quarters
➢ Third level - storage of rice or
bedroom
Dap-ay - ritwal kasama ang mga ulo ng
tao/hayop.
Chavayan Village
➢ Cha - bountiful
➢ Vay - arrowroot plant
➢ One of the smallest villages on
Sabtang Island in Batanes.
Batanes (Lime)
➢ Invented by the Batanes people.
➢ Mixture of dead corals and lumbers.
Batanes Houses
➢ Cogon - the roof that needs to be
changed every 25-30 years.
➢ Ang CR ay nasa labas.
2. Maritime Transport
Corcoa
➢ Transporting the warriors
➢ Fighting
➢ Used by Kapampangans and Visayans
➢ Oarman - driver of corcoa
➢ For a boat to be called paraw, it
should contain sail/layag,
bangka/canoe/main hull, and katig.
3. Weaving
Rayon Malong
➢ Tube skirts
➢ For women, dress
➢ For men, over trousers
➢ If it is made of cotton, it is used for
daily life. (cheap)
➢ If it is made of silk, it is used for
special events/occasions. (expensive)
➢ Process - loom, kawayan
 6. Folk Literature

➢ Pasyon
Mat from Leyte
➢ Made from rattan 7. Ornament, Textile, or Fiber
➢ Skirt

4. Carving

➢ Mask making
➢ Accessories making
➢ Amaya (gold for maharlika, bronze for
Kampilan Hilts alipin)
➢ Bladed weapons that tell us how the
Moros/Muslims fought with valor 8. Pottery
against foreign intrusions.

5. Folk Performance Arts

➢ Serve as the secondary burial jar.

Singkil
➢ A dance made by a muslim girl from a
royal family.
Singkil Stages/Parts
➢ Asik
➢ Entrance
➢ Patay (slow)
➢ Climactic (fast)
Tinikling
➢ Created in the likeness of how the
tikling birds walk and jump over
branches as well as dodge traps set by
farmers w/ its long stilt-like legs.
NON-TRADITIONAL ARTS
➢ National Artist
➢ GAMABA (Gawad sa Manlilikha ng
Bayan)

1. Dance
➢ Dance direction
➢ Dance performance
➢ Dance choreography

5. Films and Broadcast

➢ Performance
➢ Production design
➢ Light and sound design
➢ Editing
➢ Animation
➢ Cinematography
SINULOG FESTIVAL ➢ Presentation of new media
➢ Graceful dance
➢ Sulog
➢ Puro paforward ang steps

2. Music
➢ Musical composition
➢ Musical direction
➢ Musical performance

3. Theater
➢ Theatrical direction
➢ Theatrical performance
➢ Theatrical production design
➢ Theatrical light and sound design

4. Visual Arts
➢ Painting
➢ Photography
➢ Installation
➢ Graphic arts
 LESSON IV. ELEMENTS AND other lines to enclose a space it
creates a shape.
PRINCIPLES OF ART
➢ Categories of Shape
1. Geometric Shape
We can identify the medium used through its
- came from a mathematical
elements. An element of art can be achieved
perspective.
through the use of a particular medium. For
- can be seen in architecture.
example, for the song, the medium used is a
2. Organic Shape
guitar, and the element present is the
- we can see this in nature oftentimes.
melody.
- free-flowing, natural
- An example is a seashell.
MEDIUM - the physical means through
which we can come up with a work of art.
ELEMENTS - quantities or properties.

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLE OF ART

1. LINE
➢ the strongest, powerful, most
3. Surface
important, and most influential
➢ the surface or the area within the
element.
artwork.
➢ using this element, we can present
➢ most important in architecture
our point of view.
➢ two-dimensional
➢ it can lead the viewer’s eye to the
➢ pwedeng ang space ay nasa middle
point of interest.
ground, background, etc.
➢ no line, no shape.
➢ Kinds of Line
1. Vertical Line
- depicts power, strength, and
stability.
- suggests power and dignity.
- Example is monuments.
2. Horizontal Line
- associated with rest and repose.
- suggests serenity and whiteness.
- Example is the sea.
3. Diagonal Line
- lines of action.
- shows movements.
- suggests aspirations.
4. Curved Line
- line of grace/beauty.
- associated with smooth movements.
Vanishing Point - kung saan ang end ng
- mostly seen kind of line.
perspective natin.

4. Color
➢ the most expressive of all the
elements of art.
➢ can be easily recognized in any visual
experience.
2. Shape
➢ Light - the primary source of color
➢ an enclosed area or surface.
➢ can be easily identified because when
a line crosses itself or intersects with
Psychology of Colors 6. Emphasis/Subordination
BLACK ➢ something that would stand out in the
➢ Death, despair, gloom, sorrow (for whole composition.
fashion; elegance), mourning, and ➢ present in visual arts
darkness ➢ Focal point - important part
BLUE ➢ intentional na ginagawa to grab the
➢ Infinity, freedom, calmness, serenity, viewers’ attention.
sadness, peace, masculinity, and
loyalty
BROWN
➢ Humility, earth, spiritual death
GREEN
➢ Nature, freshness, prosperity, hope,
the attraction of money, life, good
health, well being and envy
ORANGE
➢ Sweetness, cheerfulness, energy, food 7. Balance/Visual Weight
(craving for food) ➢ illusion of stability with the proper
PINK use of certain elements.
➢ feminity and love ➢ dapat proper ang paggamit/equally
RED distributed ang elements.
➢ bravery and courage, energy, passion, ➢ Types of Balance
war, and warm 1. Symmetrical Balance - the work of
VIOLET art is the same on one side as the
➢ royalty, dull, penance, mourning and other, a mirror image of itself, on both
power sides of a center line.
WHITE 2. Asymmetrical Balance - the two
➢ purity, clarity, simplicity, virginity, halves of the work of art are different,
peace, surrender, goodness, and however, try to create balance.
mourning
YELLOW
➢ joyful, life, vibrant, sunshine,
happiness, and warmth

5. Texture
➢ deals primarily with the sense of
touch.
➢ can be found in the visual arts
➢ ano yong stimuli natin sa isang
composition?
➢ ano yong feeling natin sa isang
composition?
➢ kahit hindi nahahawakan, nafefeel pa
din natin.
➢ Examples are rough, soft, wet, hard,
and slippery.
LESSON V. PRE-COLONIAL,
SPANISH, AMERICAN, &
MODERN - CONTEMPORARY
ART
PRE-COLONIAL ART PERIOD
➢ Age of Horticulture/Neolithic Period.
➢ Nomadic Hunter Gathers
ADVANTAGES
1. Some weapons and their jewelry.
DISADVANTAGES
1. Nutritional diseases.
JEWELRY AND METAL WORKS
1. Ling-Ling-O
➢ pendants/Earrings
➢ Gold for the higher status, stones for
the lower status.
2. T-boli Jewelry
➢ Necklace
➢ Made by the T-boli community, the
largest ethnic community.
3. Pottery (dying industry)
➢ Manunggul jar - secondary burial
jar.
- A birth of a master potter.
- Represents the belief of
afterlife.
- Why boat is the
representation? It is because it
is our main mode of
transportation.
4. Burnay
➢ Tapayan/Banga - small openings of
mouth.
➢ Wangging - burnays that have big
openings of the mouth.
➢ Creation - old-fashion, with the help
of carabaos.
➢ The thinner the Burnay, the more
durable.
➢ Lalagyan ng asin, tubig, at iba pang
pagkain.
➢ Tatay Fidel is one of those people na
natitirang creator ng Burnay.
➢ The Vigan City is also famous for
Burnay.
5. Weaving
➢ Costs - 9,000 per piece, 1,500 per
meter.
➢ T’nalak - sacred cloth woven/worn
by the t-boli people.
➢ Red - relief elements, White -
pattern, Black/deep brown -
background.
➢ Ginagamitan ng loom.
➢ From Laang Dulay - the last T-boli
master weaver.
6. Tepo
➢ Hindi ginagamitan ng loom,
mano-mano ang panggawa.
➢ Brightly colored unique mats made
from pandan leaves.
➢ Made from Tawi-Tawi
➢ Costs 2,500 per one piece of banig.
➢ 2 months of making,
harvest-boil/dye-weave.
➢ Women are the makers of Tepo.
7.Pasiking
➢ Bags woven in rattan.
➢ Costs 800-2,500 per piece.
➢ If authentic vintage, 10,000-15,000
per piece.
➢ Can be made from skin of snake,
bamboo, wood, rattan, and discarded
conveyor belt.
➢ Can be seen in Ben Cab museum in
Baguio.
➢ Raincoat of Ibatans.
8. Bul-ul
➢ Deities of the houses.
➢ Protects the houses.
➢ Symbolizes Ifugao’s rice God.
➢ Kino-coat ng chicken/pig blood.
➢ Sculpture
9. Okir
➢ Artistic cultural heritage.
➢ Kadalasang nakaukit sa woods, sa
mga espada.
➢ Designs of old houses, geometric
figures.
➢ Wood carving
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
1. Artistic painting was introduced to
the Filipinos.
➢ Spaniards used this to spread
Catholicism.
➢ Artistic painting is religious and
catholic.
➢ Example: Langit, Lupa and
Impierno by Jose Luciano Dans.
➢ Example: Miniaturismo
- Embroidery and texture of
costume.
- Madocument ang bahay na
bato/status.
2. Sculpture
➢ Example: Anito/Sculpture of the
Saints
- Deity of the households.
➢ Example: Rococo Aesthetic
● Rocaille
- ornamentations/
seashells
- Derive at Paris.
- Extravagant style of
art.
- handpaint/handmade
ang designs.
➢ Example: Gothic Aesthetic
- Religious devotions of Goths.
- Have pointed arcs.
- Windows are glass and
malalaki.
- Example is San Sebastian
Church in Quiapo Manila.
- Bago baguhin ang physical
appearance ng simbahan,
pinapaalam muna ito.
➢ Example: Baroque Aesthetic/Style
- Irregularly shape has left and
right wing.
- San Agustin Church -
Intramuros.
- Paoay Church - Earthquake
Church, made of mixture of
dead corals and lumbers.
AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD
➢ Have high influence in the paintings,
sculptures, and architecture.
➢ Neoclassicism - related to greek
and roman.
- minimal , simple, full classical
style.
1. Neoclassical Buildings
➢ Temple
➢ Palladian - villa construction
➢ Classical -
square/rectangular plan
➢ Example: Manila Central
Post Office
- Casualty during the
bombing of Manila.
- American and Urban
Planner Daniel
Burningham proposed
na pattern ang Manila
sa Washington D.C. at
gawin itong Place of
the Prairie, ngunit
hindi ito
naisakaatuparan dahil
gusto ni Pang. Quezon
na Quezon City ang
maging Palace of the
Prairie.
➢ Example: National Museum
- Visual art
collections/national
museum for fine arts,
Planetarium,
Anthropology
- Located at Padre
Burgos Avenue, Manila
● National Art Gallery
- Naging casualty din
- Noong 2003,
narenovate as National
Art Gallery.
- Fernando Amorsolo’s
drawings are ranging
from 480,000 to
500,000.
● National Planetarium
- Priority project of
Imelda Marcos -
prepare this for 1
month.
- 4 million ang cost ng
planetarium.
- Dissiminate
astronomical
observations.
 ● National Museum of ➢ Natapos noong September 2015
Anthropology ➢ Made by Architect William
- Artifacts, Zoology Coscoluella.
- Conduct of researches ➢ Glass wall na may design ng mga
- Built in 1940s Paraw.
- Inspired by Daniel ➢ Between the Marionne and Richmond
Burningham Hotel.
- Became known as the
Finance Building.
- Named NM of
Anthropology in 2016
➢ Example: Manila City Hall
- Has dorique.
- Ang hugis ng City Hall
ay kamukha sa
kabaong.
➢ Example: Manila Chinese
Cemetery
- Designated to the
chinese people na
itinanggi ng mga
Catholics.
- Spanish
Mediterranean Style

MODERN-CONTEMPORARY ART
PERIOD
➢ Produced in the present period.
➢ Changing the raw materials into
something new.

1. National Theater
➢ Designed by the National Artist for
Architecture Leandro V. Locsin
➢ Inabot ng 3 years ang paggawa.
➢ Film and screening.
➢ Galleries museum
➢ Library archives

2.Philippine Arena
➢ Ciudad de Victoria
➢ Boundary of Sta. Maria and Bocaue
➢ Caters 55,000 people
➢ Recognized by the Guiness World of
Record as the largest mix-used indoor
arena.
➢ Rate of 6,000,000 a day.
➢ Gift of INC to the city.
➢ Marami ng hotels sa malapit.

3. Iloilo Convention Center

➢ Manduriao, Iloilo City