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Characteristics of International Transportation Ways
Characteristics of International Transportation Ways
انتقال کاال بین کشورها بهوسیله واسطهها و شرکتهای حمل و نقل بین المللی انجام میگیرد .شرکتهای حمل و نقل
بین المللی به شرکتهایی گفته میشود که بهعنوان واسط ،کاال را از کشور مبدأ به کشور مقصد منتقل میکنند .این
.شرکتها که ممکن است حقوقی یا حقیقی باشند ،برای ارسال کاال به شکل فورواردی یا کریری عمل میکنند
عدم نیاز به راهسازی و ایجاد راهآهن و جاده و همینطور دسترسی در همه شرایط و فصول باعث شده تا حمل و نقل
دریایی به یکی از پرطرفدارترین راههای حمل و نقل بین المللی کاال تبدیل شود .اگرچه سرعت حرکت نسبتًا کندی
(.بین 30تا 50کیلومتر) دارد اما این امر باعث کاهش کاربرد آن نشده است
راههای حمل و نقل دریایی
استفاده از مسیرهای دریایی یکی از پرکاربردترین راههای حمل و نقل بین المللی کاال است که شکلهای متفاوتی دارد.
.در ادامه مطلب به برخی از آنها اشاره خواهیم کرد
کشتیهای فلهبر
کشتیهای فله برای جابهجایی کاالهایی مثل زغالسنگ ،غالت ،چوب و سایر منابع طبیعی که نیاز به جعبه و بستهبندی
.ندارند استفاده میشود .هر کاالیی که بستهبندی نشده باشد جز اقالم فله بهحساب میآید
کشتیهای یخچالدار
این نوع کشتیهای حمل و نقل دریایی برای حمل و نقل غذا و مواد خوراکی طراحی شدهاند که باید در طول سفر در
حالت مناسبی نگهداری شوند ،مثل میوهها و سبزیجات .این یعنی در مورد بارهایی حرف میزنیم که به حفظ دمای
مناسبی ،به خصوصی دمایی پایین برای حمل نیاز دارند .روزانه مقدار زیادی مواد غذایی بین کشورهای گوناگون
.مورد حمل و نقل قرار میگیرد .در این زمینه نقش اصلی برعهده این کشتیها است
حمل و نقل ریلی در مقایسه با حمل و نقل جادهای ،در مسافتهای طوالنی ،انرژی کمتری مصرف میکند .عالوهبرآن،
میزان حوادث و تصادفات در این نوع ،به شکل قابلتوجهی پایینتر است .بااینحال ،حمل و نقل ریلی بهاندازه جادهای
.قابل انعطاف نیست .راهآهن همیشه در نقطهای به پایان میرسد
سخن پایانی
ما در این مطلب نگاهی به حمل و نقل بین المللی کاال انداختیم و دیدیم که حمل و نقل بین المللی کاال به چه روشهایی
انجام میشود و معایب و مزایای آن چیست .اگر شما نیز قصد دارید که وارد این حوزه شوید یا کار تجارت با
کشورهای دیگر را آغاز کنید ،بهتر است که در ابتدا به مسائل مهمی مانند نوع کاال ،وزن آن ،زمان موردنیاز برای
.حمل و نقل و میزان بودجه خود را موردتوجه قرار دهید
هرکدام از روشهای حمل و نقل مناسب شرایط خاص خود است .بهعنوانمثال اگر قصد دارید کاالیی را به کشور
دیگری بفرستید و بودجه زیادی برای این کار ندارید ،باتوجهبه شرایط جغرافیایی کشور مقصد حملونقل زمینی و
.دریایی برای شما مناسبتر است
MONDAY, DECEMBER 03, 2019 / POSTED IN LAND TRANSPORTATION , SEA TRANSPORTATION , RAIL TRANSPORTATION , AIR
TRANSPORTATION
International transportation of
goods Examining the
characteristics of international
transportation ways
Introduction
Today, with the development of global markets and the expansion of the activities of many large
companies, we can meet our needs in any field from other countries. This involves transporting
your goods from one country to another. International transportation of goods can be done in
various ways.
The transfer of goods between countries is done by intermediaries and international transport
companies. International transport companies are companies that, as intermediaries, transfer
goods from the country of origin to the country of destination. These companies, which may be
legal or real, act as forwarders or couriers to send goods.
Forward shipping
Forwarding companies take charge of sending the goods to the desired point in return for
receiving an amount. In fact, the forwarder is an intermediary between the goods exporter and
the transport companies. Often, forwarders do not accept responsibility for the goods.
Carrier transport
A carrier is a goods transport company that, by signing a contract with the exporter, undertakes
to deliver the desired goods to their destination. Usually, the carrier companies themselves own
the means of transportation or they rent it. These companies usually provide a full range of
services, including domestic shipment tracking, preparation of shipping and export documents,
warehousing, cargo space reservation, negotiation of freight charges, cargo insurance, etc.
Methods of international
transportation of goods
As we have mentioned, international transportation does not include any restrictions and any way
of transferring goods between two points is considered part of the methods of international
transportation of goods. International transportation includes air transportation, land
transportation, sea transportation, and combined transportation, some of which are divided into
different forms.
Air transportation
The fastest and at the same time the most expensive method of international transportation is the
air method. Air transportation is used to transport expensive, light and small-volume
goods. Due to its high speed, this type of transportation is very important for transporting
perishable materials and medicine that must be transported under certain conditions. Air
transportation is done directly and indirectly. The direct method is a very fast and expensive
method. But using indirect air transportation services will bring a lower cost. In general,
nowadays, air transportation is the fastest and most reliable way to transport goods.
Maritime Transportation
Today, the majority of goods are transported internationally by sea. This method is especially
used for countries that have access to open waters. In this sense, Iran is a country that has access
to the sea from both the north and south of the country and can gain a lot of profit.
The lack of need for road construction and the creation of railways and roads, as well as access
in all conditions and seasons, has made sea transportation one of the most popular ways of
international transportation of goods. Although it has a relatively slow movement speed
(between 30 and 50 km), this has not reduced its use.
Container ships
Container ships play the main role in the maritime transport theater. More than half of sea and
ocean trade is done with this category of ships. The basis for calculating the cost of
transportation in container ships is the weight, volume and size of an item, and its weight is not
taken into account.
Bulk carriers
Bulk ships are used to transport goods such as coal, grain, wood and other natural resources that
do not require boxes and packaging. Any item that is not packaged is considered to be a bulk
item.
Refrigerated ships
These types of sea freight ships are designed to transport food and foodstuffs that need to be kept
in good condition during the journey, such as fruits and vegetables. This means that we are
talking about loads that need to maintain a suitable temperature, especially a low temperature for
transportation. Every day, a large amount of food is transported between different countries. In
this context, the main role is the responsibility of these ships.
Ground transportation
In the continuation of the international transportation of goods, we realize that land
transportation is an integral part of people's lives and plays a vital role in the transportation of
goods, moving and traveling. In the division of the types of goods transportation by land, road
and rail transportation are mentioned.
road transportation
Road transportation is one of the types of land transportation. One of the advantages of
transporting goods by road is being affordable. Sometimes, the road route is the only way to
transport to some places such as rural areas and small towns, which is not possible by air and
sea. It is possible to deliver goods to the destination only through road transport. Despite all the
mentioned advantages, the possibility of breakdowns and road accidents is more in this
case. Other defects include speed limit, lack of organization, traffic and lack of efficiency in long
distances. It also causes a lot of damage to the environment.
railroad transportation
One of the best ways to transport goods internationally is to use rail routes. Trains are used to
transport all kinds of goods such as agricultural cargo, cars, chemicals, etc. Rail transport is
much faster than sea transport and is suitable for moving valuable industrial goods such as
vehicles and electronics that need to reach their destination as soon as possible.
Compared to road transport, rail transport consumes less energy over long distances. In addition,
the amount of incidents and accidents in this type is significantly lower. However, rail
transportation is not as flexible as road transportation. The railroad always ends at some point.
Combined shipping
Sometimes it is necessary to use several methods to transport goods internationally, because it is
not possible to use one method. For example, the buyer's warehouse may be far from the port,
airport, and train stations, so it is necessary to use road transportation in addition to these
transportation methods.
final word
In this article, we took a look at the international transportation of goods and saw how
international transportation of goods is done and what are its advantages and disadvantages. If
you also intend to enter this field or start doing business with other countries, it is better to first
consider important issues such as the type of goods, their weight, the time required for
transportation and the amount of your budget.
Each of the transportation methods is suitable for its own conditions. For example, if you plan to
send a product to another country and you don't have a lot of budget for this, depending on the
geographical conditions of the destination country, land and sea transportation is more suitable
for you.