AMT 311 ELECTRONICS SEMIFINALS REVIEWER RAJCV

LOGIC CIRCUITS OR GATE

− Transistors are used in digital electronics to − To have an output of Logic 1, one of the inputs
construct circuits that act as a digital logic must be at Logic 1.
gates.

DIGITAL BUILDING BLOCKS

− Digital logic is based on the binary number
system.

NOT GATE
− If the input to the gate is Logic 1, then the
output is NOT Logic 1.
− The gate can be constructed with transistors
and resistors to yield this electrical logic every
time.
NAND GATE
− Combination of an AND and NOT gate.
− If a Logic 1 output is to exist from NAND gate,
inputs A and B must not both be Logic 1. Or, if
a NAND gate has both inputs Logic 1, the
output is Logic 0.

BUFFER GATE
− A gate with the same output as the input.

NOR GATE
− If there is to be a Logic 1 output, or output
voltage, then neither input can be a Logic 1 or
have input voltage.

AND GATE
− For an AND gate to have a Logic 1 output,
both inputs have to be Logic 1.

EXCLUSIVE OR GATE
− When either of the inputs is Logic 1, the
output is Logic 1. But if both inputs are Logic
1, the Logic 1 output is excluded of Logic 0.
AMT 311 ELECTRONICS SEMIFINALS REVIEWER RAJCV

NEGATIVE LOGIC GATES OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

− electronic high-gain differential voltage
amplifier
− integrated circuits usually constructed as DIP
− used in wide variety of electronic circuits:
signal processing circuits, control circuits and
instrumentation.
− also be used to drive small motors.

Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

− Constructed from a thin sheet of non-
conductive material often just 1/16-inch (1.5
mm) thick.
− Resin impregnated paper and epoxy resin
impregnated fiber glass cloth.

Three Types of PCB

Single - Layer Board
DIGITAL CIRCUITS
− Have the electronic components mounted on
− Positive voltage between 2.6 and 5.0 volts at
the opposite side of the board where the
the input of the gate is considered an input
copper traces are exposed.
signal of Logic 1.
Double-Layered Board
MAJOR KINDS OF LOGIC CIRCUITS:
− TTL – Transistor-Transistor Logic
− CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor
_______________________________________ Multi-Layered Board
− Are joined electrically by what looks like a
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
hollow rivet, called a via.
− assemblies with billions of transistors
− Used where several layers of boards are
− used in nearly every modern computing and stacked to provide an even greater density of
electronic device, including aircraft devices components.
− constructed directly on the silicon chip
− used in microprocessors Removable PCB
− Called cards
DUAL IN-LINE PACKAGE STANDARD
− Replacement or repair in an equipped shop by
− one standard that allows the installation of technicians.
micro components onto printed circuit boards.
− come in variety of sizes with various numbers
Servomechanism
of terminals.
− Electric control system for an automatic
− transistor, logic, integrated circuits, and
powered mechanism that produces motion or
microprocessors can be inside a DIP
force using a low energy input signal.
LINEAR CIRCUITS
Open and Closed Systems
− the output is directly proportional to the input.
− Open loop system – The controls are set to
− components that maintain their values
the desired setting.
regardless of the level of voltage or current in
− Closed servomechanism system – There is
the circuit
feedback, or follow-up, from the controlled
− circuits composed exclusively of ideal
unit.
resistors, capacitors, inductors, transformers,
etc.
− used in small signal amplifiers, differentiators,
and integrators.
AMT 311 ELECTRONICS SEMIFINALS REVIEWER RAJCV

Synchro Systems
− Autosyn
− Selsyn
− Magnesyn

DC SELSYN SYSTEMS
− Consists of a transmitter, indicator, and
connecting wires.

Transducer
− An electric device which converts the differing
position of the physical flight control surface in
to a variable electric output signal that can be
processed by the controller.

AC SYNCHRO SYSTEMS
− AC Magnesyn System use permanent
magnet motors.
− AC Autosyn System uses electromagnets,
Linear Variable Differential Transducer rather than permanent magnets.
− Converts the linear motion into the electrical
signal.

Rotary Variable Differential Transducer

− Measures angular motion. It is a device that
function by the motion of a rotor within the
electromagnetic field of the stator.

Synchro Systems
− an electric system used for transmitting
information from one point to another.
− used as remote position indicators for landing
gear, autopilot systems, radar, and many
other remote-indicating applications.
AMT 311 ELECTRONICS SEMIFINALS REVIEWER RAJCV

Modern AC Synchro Systems

− Torque Synchro Systems
− Control Synchro Systems
− Differential Synchro Systems
− Resolver

INDUCTANCE TRANSMITTERS
− Used in older instruments, acceleration
sensors, and air data computers.
− Uses inductance windings similar to a synchro
but the shape and spatial location is that of a
letter “E”.

CAPACITANCE TRANSMITTERS
− Used on aircraft to transmit condition.
− Most often in transport category aircraft fuel
quantity systems.
− It depends on three factors: area of its plates,
the distance between the plates, and the
dielectric constant of the material separating
the plates.