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IE\[\[D NJKC1
FKJNB_NF =
Letrm
Letrm Imdur
Imdurwkd
wkdim
im Wmcbm
Wmcbmc,
c, \.Fkp
\.Fkp (=<7?7
(=<7?7<=9
<=9<?=
<?=?)
?)
Gei
Geimd
mdh
h \tu
\tuie
ie 1 Fkp
Fkpkr
krmw
mwmt
mtmd
md Bki
kief
efmj
mj Gk
Gki
imc
Ykbm 1 Ki
Kiufmse Fkpmtucmd Bedub Ngmt pmim _msekd Yugkrfujnses _m
_mru
Ykkbpmt
Y 1 Wu
Wumdh _mjkb = W\[I Ir. \nktnbn \u
\urmgmym
Amb 1 ?5.??-?5.9;
Xmftu 1 9; bkdet
Cmre
re//Ymdhhmj 1 Fmb
Fmbees, =; Mp
Mprej
7?7=
E. Yuaaum
Yu umd
d Eds
Edstr
truf
ufse
send
ndmj
mj [b
[bub
ub
EE. Yuau
Yuaumd
md Edst
Edstrufs
rufsendmj
endmj Fcus
Fcusus
us
impmt1
=. Bkdakj
Bkdakjmsfmd
msfmd ik`ed
ik`edese
ese fktei
fkteimfpmtu
mfpmtucmd
cmd bedu
bedub
b ngmt
7. Bkdyk
Bkdykgutfm
gutfmd
d `mftnr
`mftnr pkdykgm
pkdykgmg
g fkteimfp
fkteimfpmtucmd
mtucmd bedub ngmt
<. Bkdakj
Bkdakjmsfmd
msfmd fktei
fkteimfpmtu
mfpmtucmd
cmd prnhr
prnhrmb
mb pkdhn
pkdhngmtmd
gmtmd
9. Bkdyk
Bkdykgutfm
gutfmd
d `mftnr
`mftnr ymdh bkbpk
bkbpkdhmru
dhmruce
ce fkteimfpm
fkteimfpmtucmd
tucmd bedub ngmt
;. Bkdyk
Bkdykgutfm
gutfmd
d imbpmf
imbpmf fktei
fkteimfpmtu
mfpmtucmd
cmd bedub ngmt
EEE. Bkt
ktn
nik
=. Lk
Lkrm
rmb
bmc
7. Ies
Iesfus
fusee tmdym
tmdym amw
amwmg
mg
EP. Bkiem
=. _n
_nst
stkr
kr
7. Bkiem snsemj
P. Bmtkre
=. Ik`
Ik`ede
edese
se fktei
fkteimfp
mfpmtu
mtucmd
cmd bedu
bedub
b ngmt
ngmt
7. @mf
@mftnr
tnr pkdyk
pkdykgmg
gmg fktei
fkteimfp
mfpmtu
mtucmd
cmd bedu
bedub
b ngmt
<. Fkt
Fkteim
eimfpm
fpmtuc
tucmd
md prnhr
prnhrmb
mb pkdh
pkdhngm
ngmtmd
tmd
9. @mftn
@mftnrr ymdh
ymdh bkbpkd
bkbpkdhmruc
hmrucee fkteimfp
fkteimfpmtucmd
mtucmd bedub ngmt
;. Imb
Imbpmf
pmf fkt
fkteim
eimfpm
fpmtuc
tucmd
md bedu
bedub
b ngmt
ngmt
PE. _kjmfsmdmmd
=. _k
_kdy
dymb
mbpm
pmem
emd
d sm
smjm
jmb
b =. Bk
Bkbg
bgmj
mjms
ms sm
smjm
jmb
b
7. _krfkdmjmd 7. Bk
Bkd
dik
ikdh
dhmr
mrfm
fmd
d
<. Bk
Bkda
dakj
kjms
msfm
fmd
d tnp
tnpef
ef <. Bk
Bkd
dik
ikdh
dhmr
mrfm
fmd
d Letrm Imdurwkdim
9. Bk
Bkda
dakj
kjms
msfm
fmd
d tua
tuaum
umd
d 9. Bk
Bkd
dik
ikdh
dhmr
mrfm
fmd
d
;. Fndtrmf wm
wmftu ;. Bkdikdhmrfmd imd
bkdyktuaue
7. <? bkdet _kdymaemd bmtkre
=. Bkdakjmsfmd
Bkdak ik`edese =.
jmsfmd ik`edese Bkdamwmg pkrtmdymmd
7. Bkdykgutfmd 7. Bkbpkrcmte
tef
fmd imd
`mftnrfkteimfpmtucmd bkdikdhmrfmd
bedub ngmt
9. Bkdykgutfm
Bkdykgutfmd
d `mftnr
`mftnr 9. Bkbpkrcmtefmd imd
ymdh bkbpkdhmru
bkbpkdhmruce
ce bkdikdhmrfmd
fkteimfpmtucmd
bedub ngmt
;. Bkbpkrcmtefmd imd
;. Bkdykgutfmd
bkdikdhmrfmd
imbpmf
fkteimfpmtucmd
bedub ngmt
<. =? bkdet Kvmjumse
=. Bkdh
Bkdhkv
kvmj
mjum
umse
se =. Bk
Bkda
damw
mwmg
mg pk
pkrt
rtmd
mdym
ymmd
md
Fkjnbpnf =
fkbgmje pkdhktmcumd
pkskrtm bkdhkdme
bmtkre ymdh tkjmc
iesmbpmefmd
7. [bpmd gm
gmjef 7. Bkbpkrcmtefmd imd
bkdikdhmrfmd
9. 7 bkdet Ykrbedmse
=. Bk
Bkdy
dyeb
ebpu
pujf
jfmd
md cm
cmse
sejj =. Bkbpkrcmtefmd imd
pkdyujucmd bkdikdhmrfmd
Letrm Imdurwkdim
7. Bkbpkrcmtefmd imd
7. Bk
Bkdh
dhul
ulmp
mpfm
fmd
d tk
tkre
rebm
bm
Wmcbmc, \.Fkp
bkdikdhmrfmd
fmsec
<. Bkdam
amw
wmg sm
smjm
jmb
b
<. Bkdhmfcere ikdhmd
smjmb
PEEE.
PE _kdh
dhnr
nrh
hmd
mdes
esm
mse
sem
md
=. Bnikrmtnr 1 Letrm Im
Imdurwkdim Wm
Wmcbmc, \.
\.Fkp
PEEE. [rmemd tu
tuhms
ES. \kttedh Yk
Ykbpmt
Fktkrmdhmd
Fktkrmdhmd1
1 _kdymae
Bnikrmtnr 1
Dntujkd
1 @msejetmtnr
1 _kdhmbmt
1 _kskrtm
1 Bkiem pkdyujucmd
S. Kvmjumse
=. Kvm
Kvmjum
jumse
se \tru
\truftu
fturr
m. Ykr
krsk
skie
iemd
mdym
ym bmt
mtkr
kree
g. Ykrskiemdym \M_
l. Ykrsk
Ykrskie
iemd
mdym
ym bki
bkiem
em11 pnstk
pnstkrr imd
imd grn
grnsu
surr
i. _kdykj
_kdykjkdh
kdhhmr
hmrmmd
mmd pkdy
pkdyuju
ujucmd
cmd iejmf
iejmfufm
ufmd
d njkc bmcm
bmcmsesw
seswmm
k. Ykbp
Ykbpmt
mt imd
imd mjmt
mjmt tkrski
tkrskiem
em sksu
sksume
me pkrk
pkrkdl
dlmd
mdmm
mmd
d
`. _ksk
_kskrt
rtmm cmie
cmierr ie tkb
tkbpm
pmtt pkdy
pkdyuj
ujuc
ucmd
md
h. _kdykjkdhh
_kdykjkdhhmrmmd
mrmmd pkdyu
pkdyujucmd
jucmd iejmf
iejmfsmdmfm
smdmfmd
d ie Wumdh Erdm Jmdtm
Jmdtmee 9
W\[M \urmgmym
c. _kdhnrhmdesmsemd
_kdhnrhmdesmsemd pkdy
pkdykjkdhh
kjkdhhmrmmd
mrmmd pkdy
pkdyujucm
ujucmd
d iejmfu
iejmfufmd
fmd pmim cm
cmre
re
skgkjubdym.
7. Kvm
Kvmjum
jumse
se _rn
_rnsks
sks
m. @mskk iebuj
@ms iebujme
me sksum
sksumee ikdhm
ikdhmd
d wmftu
wmftu ymd
ymdh
h ierkd
ierkdlmd
lmdmfm
mfmd.
d.
g. _kskrtm mdtusems tkrcmimp bmtkre ymdh iesmbpmefmd njkc pkdymae
l. _kskrtm
_kskrtm tkrj
tkrjegm
egmtt mfte`
mfte` imj
imjmb
mb fkhe
fkhemtm
mtmd
d pkdyu
pkdyujuc
jucmd
md
i. _kskrtmm bkdhmauf
_kskrt bkdhmaufmd
md pkrtmdym
pkrtmdymmd
md imd
imd bkdamwm
bkdamwmg
g pkrtmdym
pkrtmdymmd
md sklmr
sklmrmm gkdmr
gkdmr
k. \ums
\umsmd
mdmm pkd
pkdyu
yuju
jucm
cmd
d tkr
tkrte
teg
g
`. Yeimf
Yeimf mim
mim pkskr
pkskrtm
tm ymdh
ymdh bkd
bkdedh
edhhmj
hmjfmd
fmd tkbp
tkbpmt
mt pkdy
pkdyuju
ujucmd
cmd
<. Kv
Kvmj
mjum
umse
se Cmsej
Cmsej
m. _ks
_kskrtm
krtm ymd
ymdh
h imtmd
imtmdh
h = nrmd
nrmdh
h mtmu
mtmu jkge
jkgec
c
g. _kskrtm bkbmcmbe bmtkre ymdh tkjmc iesmbpmefmd njkc pkdymae
l. Mim ubpmd
ubpmd gmjef pnset
pnsete`
e` imre
imre pkskrtm
pkskrtm skpkrte
skpkrte impmt
impmt bkdam
bkdamwmg
wmg
pkrtmdymmd ikdhmd gkdmr ymdh iemaufmd pkdymae.
pkdymae.
BMYKWE
sksu
sksume
me ikdhmd
skcedhhmikdhmd rkdlmd
rkdlmdmm cmsej
bkdykgmgfmd pkrmwm
pkrmwmtmd
tmd mtmumtmu
pkrmwmtmd pkdhng
pkdpkdhngmtmd
hngmtm
mtmd
d ymdh
ymd h ieskpm
ies
teimf kpmfmt
fmte
k`kfte` e ikdhmd
ikd_nfam
(Yeb hmd tkdmhm
tkdmhm I__
\IFE fkskcm
fkskcmtmd
tmd,,
__DE,
7?=0). Bkdurut (Gujklckf, 7?=;) fkteimfpmtucmd mimjmc pkrejmfu edieveiu imd pkbgkre msucmd
ymdh teimf sksume ikdhmd rkdlmdm prnbnse fkskcmtmd mtmu tkrmpkutef ymdh ietktmpfmd njkc edieveiu
(imd mtmu fkjumrhm imd mtmu fnbudetms) skrtm prn`kssendmj pkjmymdmd fkskcmtmd. _krejmfu pkbgkremd
msucmd mtmu edieveiu ymdh teimf bkbmtuce fktktmpmd, rkdlmdm prnbnse fkskcmtmd mtmu tkrmpkutef
sklmrm fkskjurucmd mtmu skgmhemd teimf k`kfte`.
Fkpmtucmd
Fkpmtu cmd mim
mimjmc
jmc ikr
ikrmamt
mamt ieb
iebmdm
mdm pms
pmsekd
ekd bkd
bkdhef
hefute
ute mda
mdaurm
urmd
d fje
fjedes
des imr
imree inf
inftkr
tkr ymd
ymdh
h
bkdhngmte
bkdh ngmtedym
dym (Fmpj
(Fmpjmd
md iff, =558).
=558). Bkdu
Bkdurut
rut \mlfkt imjmb Devkd (7???) fkpmtucmd mimjmc skamuc
bmdm pkrejmfu pmsekd sksume ikdhmd fktkdtumd ymdh iegkrefmd njkc prn`kssendmj fkskcmtmd Yknre
_krejmfu
_krejm fu _rklki
_rklki_rnlkk
_rnlkkiJmwr
iJmwrkdlk
kdlk Hrkkd (=53?) Yknre ede gkrim
gkrimsmrfmd
smrfmd tedimfmd sksknrmdh ymdh
bkbpkdhmruce pkrejmfu ymdh gkrcugudhmd ikdhmd fkpmtucmdbedub ngmt iepkdhmruce njkc <`mftnr
ymetu1
=) @mftnr prkiespnsese (prkiespnsedh `mltnrs), `mftnr ymdh bkdimcujue pkrejmfu sksknrmdh ymdh mfmd
bkdinrndh udtuf gkrpkrejmfu ymetu pkdhktmcumd, sefmp, fkpkrlmymmd, fkymfedmd, dejme imd pkrskpse
ymdh bkdinrndh sksknrmdh mtmu fkjnbpnf udtuf bkjmfufmd tedimfmd.
7) @mftnr
@mftn
pnfr udtu
fkjnbpnf
fkjnb pkdiufudh
pkdiu
f fudh
udtuf mtmu
ufmdpkdin
bkjmfufmd
bkjmf pkdinrndh
rndhymdh
tedimfmd (kdmgjedh `mltnrs),
gkrwuaui
gkrwu `mftnrymdh
`mftnr
aui jedhfudhmd
jedhfudh mdymdh
`esef,bkbntevmse
tkrskiemdymedieveiu
tkrskiemdym ms mtmu
`msejetms
`msejet imd
smrmdm
smrmdm fks
fkskcm
kcmtmd
tmd,, fkb
fkbuim
uimcmd
cmd bkd
bkdlmp
lmpme
me smrm
smrmdm
dm fks
fkskcm
kcmtmd
tmd,, wmf
wmftu
tu pkj
pkjmym
mymdmd
dmd,, imd fkb
fkbuim
uimcmd
cmd
trmdspnrtmse.
<) @mftnr pkdhumt (rked`nrlk`mltnrs), bkdlmfup sefmp imd iufudhmd fkjumrhm, tkbmd, huru, bmaefmd,
pkdykiem jmymdmd fkskcmtmd, pkbebped skrtm pkdhmbgej fkputusmd.
fkputusmd.
Mbmjemc, Wetm. (7?=7) 6@mftnr-@mftnr Umdh Gkrcugudhmd Ikdhmd Fkhmhmjmd Fndvkrse _kdikretm
YG _mru GYM _nsete` _kdhngmtmd @msk Edtkdse` Ie Fmgupmtkd Gkfmse Ymcud 7?=?. Ykses @FB
[E _rnhrmb \tuie Kpeikbenjnhe
Bmujeiym, Iksy `etre.Cugudhmd Mdtmrm Iufudhmd Fkjumrhm Imd Fkpmtucmd Bedub Ngmt _mim
_kdikretm Yugkrlujnses Ie Xejmymc Leputmt Ymcud 7?=9.\frepse _rnhrmb smramdmFkpkrmwmtmd
@FEF [ED.
Dnnr J, \ete. (7?=7) 6Fkpmtucmd _msekd Umdh Bkdikretm _kdymfet Frndes imjmb Bkdhfndsubse
Ngmt Cmremd
JKBGMW NG\KWPM\E _KJMF\MDMMD _KDU[J[CMD
BMCM\E\XM
BMCM\E\XM _WNHWMB _KDIEIEFMD DKW\ @MF[JYM\
FK_KWMXMYMD
_kbgufmmd1 m. _ks
kskr
krtm
tm ymd
mdh
h
m. Fndt
dtrm
rmf
f wm
wmf
ftu imd
=;. Bk
B kdhulmpfmd smjmb imd cmier = nrmdh
tkb
tkbpm
pmtt ieg
egkr
kref
efmd
md
bkbpkrfkdmjfmd iere g. Mlmrm iebujme
iebujme
smtu cmre skgkjub
=0. Bkdymbpmefmd tuaumd imd tkpmt wmftu
mlmrm iejmfufmd
bmfsui pkdyujucmd l. _k
_ksk
skrtm
rtm bk
bkdh
dhef
efut
utee
g. _kdhubpujmd \M_
=8. Bkdakj
Bkdakjmsfmd
msfmd fndtrmf
fndtrmf wmftu imd mlmrm sksume
iejmfufmd smtu cmre
bkfmdesbk ikdhmd mturmd
skgkjub
=3. Bkdykg
Bkdykgutfmd
utfmd bmtkre pkdyujucmd
pkdyujucmd ymdh ieskpmfmte
pkjmfsmdmmd
_kjmfsmdmmd1 i. _kskrtm
pkdyujucmd
=5. Bkdhhmje pkdhktmcumd imd bkbmcmbe
l. _kskrtm cmier pmim
_kdhmjmbmd
_kdhmjmbmd smsmrmd pkdy
pkdyujucm
ujucmd
d bmtkre ymdh tkjmc
tkbpmt ymdh tkjmc
tkdtmdh npkrmse iesmbpmefmd imd
ietkdtufmd
i. _kd
_kdykj
ykjkdh
kdhhmr
hmrmmd
mmd 7?. Bkd
Bkdakj
akjmsf
msfmd
md bmt
bmtkre
kre pkd
pkdyuj
yujucm
ucmd
d bkdamwmg
gkrupm1 pkrtmdymmd
pkdyujucmd =. Ik
Ik`e
`ede
dese
se Iemg
Iemgkt
ktks
ks Bkjj
Bkjjet
etus
us ikdhmd gkdmr
iejmfufmd njkc 7. Ye
Yepk
pk Ie
Iemg
mgkt
ktks
ks Bk
Bkjj
jjet
etus
us
bmcmseswm <. @m
@mft
ftnr
nr _k
_kdy
dykg
kgmg
mg
gkfkramsmbm ikdhmd
ikdhmd 9. @m
@mf
ftn
tnrr Wks
ksef
efn
n
pkrmwmt rumdhmd
rumdhmd ;. Ym
Ymdi
dimm im
imd
d Hk
Hkam
amjm
jm
bkbpkrcmtefmd pkdyujucmd
ikdhmd skfsmbm
Lmtmtmd Kvmjumse 1
_kdhmbmt
Fkhemtmd 1 _kdyujucmd
Xmftu 1 9; bkdet
=. _FW\ bujme
bujme pufuj 1 ........
........
7. Aubjmc pkskrtm
pkskrtm ymdh cmier
cmier 1 .....
.......
..
Fkhemtmd Iesfuse
=. Dmbm _k
_kdmdym
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_krtmdymmd
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7. Dmbm _k
_kdmdym
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_krtmdymmd
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<. Dmbm _k
_kdmdym
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_krtmdymmd
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9. _rn
_rnsks
sks skjmbm
skjmbm _FW
_FW\
\1
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;. Fkdim
Fkdimjm
jm skgkjub
skgkjub pkjmfsmdmm
pkjmfsmdmmd
d _FW\ 1
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..
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0. Fkd
Fkdimj
imjmm smmt
smmt _FW\
_FW\ 1
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..
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8. Wkspn
Wkspnd
d pkskrtm
pkskrtm smmt _FW\ gkrjmdhsu
gkrjmdhsudh
dh 1
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3. _FW\ gkrmfcer
gkrmfcer pufuj
pufuj 1 ..........
..........
Dntujkd
Amb 1 ?5.??-?5.9;
= =
7 7
< <
9 9
; ;
0 0
8 8
3 3
5 5
=? =?
== ==
=7 =7
=< =<
=9 =9
=; =;
=0 =0
=8 =8
=3 =3
=5 =5
IM@YMW CMIEW _KJMF\MDM _FW\
= =
7 7
< <
9 9
; ;
0 0
8 8
3 3
IM@YMW CMIEW _KBGEBGEDH
= =
7 7
< <
9 9
; ;
0 0
8 8
3 3
JKBGMW YEBK FKK_KW
Amb 1 ?5.??-?5.9;
Amb
Fkhemtmd _kdyujucmd Fkhemtmd _kskrtm Fktkrmdhmd
Bujme \kjksme
=. _kdym
_kdymbpmemd
bpmemd smjmb
smjmb =. Bkbgm
Bkbgmjms
jms smjmb ( )
( ) 7. Bkdik
Bkdikdhmrf
dhmrfmd
md ( )
7. _krfkd
_krfkdmjmd
mjmd ( ) <. Bkdik
Bkdikdhmrf
dhmrfmd
md ( )
9. _kdakj
_kdakjmsmd
msmd tuaumd ( ) ;. Bkdik
Bkdikdhmrf
dhmrfmd
md imd
;. Fndtr
Fndtrmf
mf wmftu ( ) bkdyktuaue ( )
=. Iesf
Iesfuse
use ( ) =. Gkrtm
Gkrtmdym
dym imd
7. Kvmju
Kvmjumse
mse pkdhktmcumd
pkdhktmcumd bkdhudhfmpfmd
<. Bkbpk
Bkbpkrcmtef
rcmtefmd
md imd
bkdikdhmrfmd ( )
=. Bkdyeb
Bkdyebpujf
pujfmd
md cmsej =. Bkbpk
Bkbpkrcmtef
rcmtefmd
md imd
pkdyujucmd ( ) bkdikdhmrfmd ( )
7. Bkdhulmpfmd tkreb
tkrebmm 7. Bkbpk
Bkbpkrcmtef
rcmtefmd
md imd
=?.9< =?.9;
fmsec ( ) bkdikdhmrfmd ( )
<. Bkdhm
Bkdhmfcere
fcere ikdhmd
ikdhmd <. Bkdam
Bkdamwmg
wmg smjmb ( )
smjmb ( )
_kdhmbmt 7