Sapang Palay National High School

City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan

LABORATORY REPORT
IN
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
(SEPARATION TECHNIQUES)

Group Leader: Teacher:

Jerson Ombina Ma. Mhicaella Anticuando

Members:
Agatha Reigne Villano
Airi Yeshabelle Diamante
Allyssia Deocampo
Andrea Rainne Rea
Elijah Jessica Bombay
Prince Kobe Dongel
Jade Michael Mallari Basilio
Maylyn Natalie Bayana
Marianne Gugulan

Section:
11 Euclid
  Objectives

 Materials
 Filtration
o Sand
o Water
o Beaker
o Filter Paper
o Funnel
o Flask
o Stirring Rod
 Chromatography
o Ink
o Beaker
o Alcohol
o Filter Paper
 Magnetic Separation
o Iron Filings
o Sand
o Magnet
o Paper
o Stirring Rod
 Crystallization
o Water
o Rock Salt
o Stirring Rod
o Beaker
o Wire Gauge
o Tripod Stand
o Watch Glass
o Denatured Alcohol

Filtration
Procedure
1. Prepare the materials needed for this experiment.
2. Put right amount of sand into a beaker.
3. Add water according to the amount of sand.
4. Mix water and sand well then, set it aside.
5. Set the filter paper with the funnel and place it on the flask.
6. Pour the mixture on the filter paper slowly until the water filtrates from sand.
Chromatography
Procedure
1. Prepare the materials such as ink, paper, beaker, alcohol.
2. Draw two circles filled with different color of ink at the bottom part of
paper.
3. Put right amount of alcohol in a beaker
4. Stand the paper inside the beaker.
5. Set a timer and let the paper absorb the alcohol.

Magnetic Separation
Procedure
1. Prepare two papers, magnet, sand, and the most importantly the iron
filings.
2. On the first paper, mix the sand and the iron filings.
3. Use magnet and place it closely above the mixture to separate the two
substances.
4. Use another paper to set aside the separated substance.

Crystallization
Procedure
1. Prepare the materials that will be using in this experiment.
2. Put right amount of water on a beaker.
3. Set the flame using denature alcohol below the tripod and place the
wire gauge on it.
4. Place the beaker on the wire gauge and cover it with watch glass.
5. Set a timer and wait until the heat reach the boiling point.
6. When the heat increase, mix the rock salt and water in the beaker, and
stir it slowly until the salt dissolve in water.
7. Make an observation. (Picture of crystalized salt)
 STEM 11 Euclid (Group 3)
Guide Questions:
Before the Experiment:
1. What is the purpose of this experiment?
2. Can you list the materials and safety precautions needed for each separation
technique?
3. How do you ensure the safety of yourself and others during the experiment?
Filtration Technique:
1. What types of mixtures can be separated using filtration?
Answer: It can use solid and liquid mixtures.
2. Explain the setup and procedure for filtration.
Answer: The setup is composed of a solvent which is the water, solute
which is the salt and sand, and the filter which is the filter paper.
3. How does the filter paper work to separate substances in this technique?
Answer: The filter paper had multiple holes that prevents most of solid
particles for pressing through, while simultaneously letting the solvent
through.
4. What are the observations you should make during the filtration process?
Answer:
5. What can you conclude about the components of the sand and salt mixture
after filtration?
Answer:
Crystallization Technique:
1. When might crystallization be used to separate substances?
Answer: After dissolving the salt in hot water, wait for it to cool down.
As it cools, it slowly dries and the salt turn back into a solid separate
from the solvents.
2. How does temperature affect the crystallization process?
Answer:
3. What are the steps involved in crystallization?
Answer:
4. What characteristics should you observe in the formed crystals?
Answer:
5. Can you explain why crystallization works as a separation technique?
Answer:
Chromatography Technique:
1. What is the principle behind chromatography?
Answer: Chromatography is based on the principle where molecules in
mixture applied on the surface or into the solid, and fluid stationary
 phase (stable phase) is separating from each other while moving with
the aid of a mobile phase.

In this case, we used a method known as paper chromatography,

which works by applying the test solution has a small spot near (but not
on) the edge of a sheet of filter paper. The edge is then submerged in a
solvent. The solvent goes through the paper by capillary action and
carries along some components of the test solution with it, separating
at as it spreads.
2. Why is chromatography useful in separating mixtures of compounds?
Answer: Chromatography works great as a separation technique
because various elements in a mixture have different attractions to the
stationary and mobile phase, thanks to the different qualities of the
mixture constituent parts.
3. Describe the setup and procedure for paper chromatography.
Answer: First, we need a lengthwise size of paper, and two different
colors of ink. Second, get a right amount of alcohol in a beaker. Third,
draw two dots on the lower part of paper using different inks. Fourth,
Place the paper inside the cup; and last, set a timer and let the paper
absorb the liquid until you see a physical changes.
4. What is the purpose of the solvent in chromatography?
Answer: The purpose of the solvent in chromatography is for the paper
to absorb the alcohol and observe the direction of ink.
5. How do you measure the distance traveled by different components in
chromatography?
Answer: We set a timer in ten minutes, as what we observed, the ink
traveled one inch but the thicker the ink, the longer it will take.
6. What can you conclude about the ink components based on their movement
on the chromatography paper?
Answer: As the paper absorbs the alcohol upward, the ink slowly
traveled as the same direction as the alcohol.
After the Experiment:
1. Compare and contrast the four separation techniques in terms of their
application and efficiency.
Answer:
2. Reflect on any challenges or unexpected results encountered during the
experiments.
Answer:
3. Can you think of real-world scenarios where these separation techniques are
essential?
Answer:
4. How do the principles learned in these experiments relate to the field of
chemistry and other scientific disciplines?
Answer:
5. Summarize the key takeaways from this laboratory session and the
importance of understanding separation techniques in chemistry.
Answer:

Members:
Jerson Ombina - Leader
Agatha Reigne Villano
Airi Yeshabelle Diamante
Allyssia Deocampo
Andrea Rainne Rea
Elijah Jessica Bombay
Prince Kobe Dongel
Jade Michael Mallari Basilio
Maylyn Natalie Bayana
Marianne Gugulan