Multiple Choice: Write your answer in a separate sheet. 10.

10. Which fatty acids are considered essential and must

1. What is a defining characteristic of lipids, making be supplied through the diet?
them distinct from other biomolecules? a. Palmitic acid and stearic acid
a. Presence of nitrogen-containing functional groups b. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid
b. High solubility in water c. Arachidonic acid and valeric acid
c. Hydrogen bond formation ability d. Propionic acid and butyric acid
d. Absence of functional groups 11. In what form do lipids primarily function as fuel
2. Which statement accurately describes the structural reserves in the body?
difference between fats and oils? a. Phospholipids
a. Fats contain more unsaturated fatty acids than oils. b. Steroids
b. Oils are solid at room temperature, while fats are c. Triacylglycerols
liquid. d. Glycosphingolipids
c. Both fats and oils consist of glycerol esters. 12. What is the term used to describe the deterioration of
d. Fats and oils have identical structures. fats and oils, resulting in an unpleasant taste?
3. What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the a. Saponification
body? b. Rancidity
a. Energy storage c. Lipid peroxidation
b. Membrane structure d. Salting out
c. Cholesterol transport 13. What is the function of lipids in membrane structure
d. Hormone synthesis and regulation of membrane permeability? a. Storage
4. Which type of lipids are used in the preparation of of energy
candles, lubricants, and cosmetics? b. Source of fat-soluble vitamins
a. Phospholipids c. Protection of internal organs
b. Waxes d. Formation of lipoproteins
c. Triacylglycerols 14. Which lipid is a precursor for the synthesis of
d. Sphingolipids eicosanoids and participates in reverse cholesterol
5. What is a characteristic of phospholipids? transport?
a. Insoluble in water a. Phosphatidic acid
b. Contain a hydrocarbon side chain b. Lecithin
c. Act as fuel reserves c. Arachidonic acid
d. Form the structural components of membranes d. Sphingosine
6. What is the main purpose of saponification in lipid 15. What deficiency is associated with the absence of
chemistry? essential fatty acids in the diet?
a. Synthesis of triacylglycerols a. Rancidity
b. Production of glycerol and soaps b. Toad skin syndrome
c. Formation of lipoproteins c. Phrynoderma
d. Prevention of oxidative rancidity d. Lipid peroxidation
7. Which lipid is considered the most abundant animal 16. What is the major lipid that occurs in biological
sterol and plays a role in membrane structure and membranes and consists of glycerol 3-phosphate
hormone synthesis? esterified with fatty acids?
a. Ergosterol a. Phosphatidic acid
b. Cholesterol b. Lecithin
c. Glycerophospholipids c. Cephalin
d. Sphingomyelins d. Sphingomyelin
8. What is a common feature of glycosphingolipids, 17. What is the role of lecithin in various applications,
such as cerebrosides and gangliosides? including food and non-food products?
a. Insolubility in water a. Cellular respiration
b. Presence of cyclic steroid nucleus b. Emulsifying and stabilizing properties
c. Derivatives of phospholipids c. Prevention of oxidative rancidity
d. Involvement in bile acid synthesis d. Synthesis of eicosanoids
9. What is the role of amphipathic lipids in water? 18. What is the precursor to vitamin D2 and is found in
a. Formation of micelles and bilayers plants, yeast, and fungi?
b. Prevention of lipid peroxidation a. Cholesterol
c. Saponification reaction b. Ergosterol
d. Hydrolysis of triacylglycerols c. Phospholipid
d. Sphingosine
19. What is the process by which triacylglycerols d. Glycosphingolipids
undergo stepwise enzymatic hydrolysis to liberate 27. What is the term for the process of hydrolysis of
free fatty acids and glycerol? triacylglycerols by alkali to produce glycerol and
a. Saponification soaps?
b. Oxidative rancidity a. Saponification
c. Hydrolysis b. Hydrolysis
d. Lipid peroxidation c. Lipid peroxidation
20. What class of lipids contains both hydrophobic and d. Salting out
hydrophilic groups and has limited solubility in 28. Which fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the body
water? and must be supplied in the diet?
a. Phospholipids a. Saturated fatty acids
b. Steroids b. Monounsaturated fatty acids
c. Amphipathic lipids c. Polyunsaturated fatty acids
d. Waxes d. Branched-chain fatty acids
21. What is the primary function of lipids in the living 29. What is the primary function of glycosphingolipids
cells, where they undergo oxidation to produce such as cerebrosides and gangliosides?
peroxides and free radicals? a. Formation of lipoproteins
a. Energy storage b. Structural components of membranes
b. Membrane structure c. Regulation of cholesterol transport
c. Lipid peroxidation d. Maintenance of skin's outermost layer
d. Prevention of oxidative rancidity 30. Which compound, containing a cyclic steroid
22. What are the substances that can prevent the nucleus, is a major component of skin and regulates
occurrence of oxidative rancidity and are known as skin's water permeability?
antioxidants? a. Ergosterol
a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol
b. Glycerophospholipids c. Cerebrosides
c. Triacylglycerols d. Sphingosine
d. Antioxidants
23. What is the term used to represent the precipitation of
the least soluble solute, such as proteins and large
organic molecules, in an aqueous environment with a
high ionic strength?
a. Salting out
b. Saponification
c. Separation by hydrolysis
d. Rancidity
24. Which lipids are macromolecular complexes of lipids
with proteins, including High-density lipoprotein
(HDL) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)?
a. Simple lipids
b. Complex lipids
c. Amphipathic lipids
d. Lipoproteins
25. What are the types of lipoproteins, with High-density
lipoprotein (HDL) known as "good cholesterol" and
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) known as "bad
cholesterol"?
a. Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
b. Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL)
c. Chylomicrons
d. Lipoproteins
26. Which class of lipids contains esters of glycerol with
fatty acids and is insoluble in water, serving as the
concentrated fuel reserve of the body?
a. Phospholipids
b. Steroids
c. Triacylglycerols