2020 Qats Exam 1 With Solutions

QATs VCE®Mathematical Methods.
Practice Examination 1, Units 3 and 4
NAME: _______________________
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Practice written examination 1
Reading time: 15 minutes
Writing time: 1 hour
FOR ADJUSTED STUDY DESIGN (2020 ONLY)
QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Structure of book
Number of questions Number of questions to Number of marks
be answered
9 9 40
 Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils,
highlighters, erasers, sharpeners and rulers.
 Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: any technology
(calculators or software), notes of any kind, blank sheets of paper and/or correction
fluid/tape.
Materials supplied
 Question and answer book of 11 pages.
 Formula sheet
 Working space is provided throughout the book.
Instructions
 Write your student number in the space provided above on this page.
 Unless otherwise indicated, the diagrams in this book are not drawn to scale.
 All written responses must be in English
At the end of the examination

 You may keep the formula sheet.
©2020 Ser5MMETHE1AAdjSDVers
Published by QATs. Permission for copying in purchasing school only.
QATs VCE®Mathematical Methods. Practice Examination 1, Units 3 and 4
Instructions
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
In all questions where a numerical answer is required, an exact value must be given, unless
otherwise specified.
In questions where more than one mark is available, appropriate working must be shown.
Unless otherwise indicated, the diagrams in this examination paper are not drawn to scale.
Question 1 (3 marks)
a. 2 1 mark
If f : R → R , f ( x )= , find f ' (x ).
( x−1 )3
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b.
Evaluate f ' ( π3 ) given f ( x )=−12 sin ( x ) cos ( x ). 2 marks
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3
If the line y=2 x +4 is∥¿ the tangent of y=( x−k ) −8 at x=2 ,
what is the value(s) of k ?
a ± √b
Express your answer in the form , where a , b and c ∈ Z .
c
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2x x
Solvethe equation e +5 e =24 .
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1 1
Solve the equation tan ( x ) + sin ( x ) tan ( x ) + cos ⁡(x )=0 for 0< x <4 π .
2 2
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g ( x ) was obtained through transformations of f (x). f (x) was dilated by a factor of 2
parallel to the y−axis, reflected about the x−axis , translated 4 units down and 6
units right. If g ( x )=4 x2−8 x +5 , what was the equation of f ( x ) ?
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Let f : [ 0 , π ] → R , f ( x )=sin ( 2 x ) and g : ( 0 , π ) → R , g ( x )= √ 3 cos ⁡(2 x) .
a. Find the coordinates of the points of ∩of f ( x ) and g ( x) . 2 marks
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b. Solvethe equations f ( x )=0 and g ( x )=0 and hence find their x-intercepts. 2 marks
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c. Sketch the graph of f(x) and g(x) on the same set of axes, labelling all key 3 marks
points with their coordinates.
d. Determine the exact area enclosed by f ( x ) and g ( x ) . 2 marks
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The normal probability density function, f (x), can be modelled by the equation:
( )
2
−1 x− μ
1 2 σ
f ( x )= e
σ √2 π
Where μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation respectively and are parameters
of f (x).
Use calculus to show that the maximum value of f ( x ) occurs when x=μ.
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The heights of students in a school are normally distributed with a mean of 160 cm. Jack’s
height is one standard deviation above the mean while Sally’s height is two standard
deviations below the mean.
Using the result that Pr ( Z ←1 )=a and Pr ( Z <2 )=b.
a. What is the probability that a student selected at random will have a height 1 mark
between that of Jack and Sally?
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b. Given that Pepe is taller that Sally, what is the probability that he is also 2 marks
taller than Jack?
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c. Three students are selected at random. What is the probability that two of 2 marks
the three will be shorter than Sally?
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d. At a different school, Agnes’ height is 130 cm, which is 80% of a 2 marks

standard deviation below the school mean. In contrast, Shneevy’s height
of 160 cm is 40% of a standard deviation above the school mean. What
are the mean and standard deviation of height at this other school?
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A right square pyramid is to be constructed from a square sheet of thin metal as shown in the
diagram below.
The unshaded parts are removed and the triangular sections are then folded upwards to form
the pyramid. Finally, the edges are welded is order to seal it. Let the base of the pyramid be b.
a. Show that the volume, V, of the pyramid can expressed as: 3 marks
1 2
V = b √ 100−10 b
3
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b. What is the feasible domain of b? 1 mark

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c. What is the value of b that results in a pyramid with maximum volume? 3 marks
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d. Hence, what is the maximum volume of the pyramid? 1 mark
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END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK
Mathematical Methods Formulas
MATHEMATICAL METHODS
Written examinations 1 and 2
FORMULA SHEET
Instructions
This formula sheet is provided for your reference.
Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised
electronic devices into the examination room.
Mensuration
1 1
area of a trapezium ( x+ b ) h volume of a pyramid Ah
2 3
curved surface area of 4 3
2 πrh volume of a sphere πr
a cylinder 3
1
volume of a cylinder 2
πr h area of a triangle bc sin ( A )
2
1 2
volume of a cone πr h
3
Calculus
d n 1
dx
( x )=nx n−1 ∫ x n dx= n+1 x n +1+ c , n ≠−1
d
dx
( (ax +b)n ) =an( ax+ b)n−1 ∫¿¿
d ax 1
dx
( e )=ax ax ∫ eax dx= a eax +c
d 1 1
dx
( log e ( x ) )=
x
∫ x dx=loge ( x ) +c
d −1
dx
( sin ( ax ) ) =a cos ( ax ) ∫ sin ( ax ) dx =a
cos ( ax ) +c
d −1
dx
( cos ( ax ) )=−a sin ( ax ) ∫ cos ( ax ) dx= a sin ( ax ) +c
d a 2
( tan ( ax ) )= 2 =a sec ( ax )
dx cos ( ax )
du dv
d dv du −u
v
product rule
dx
( uv )=u + v
dx dx
quotient rule d u
()
dx v
=
dx
v
2
dx
dy dy du
chain rule =
dx du dx
Probability
'
Pr ( A ¿=1−Pr ⁡( A ) Pr ( A ∪ B ¿=Pr( A ¿+ Pr( B ¿−Pr( A ∩ B ¿
Pr ( A|B )=Pr( A ∩ B ¿ ¿
Pr(B)
mean μ=E( X ¿ Variance 2
var( X ¿=σ =E( X ¿−μ
2 2
Probability distribution Mean Variance
discrete Pr ( X =x ¿= p(x ) u=Σ xp (x) σ 2=E ( ( X −μ )2 )=E ( X )2 −μ 2

b ∞ ∞
Pr ( a < X <b ¿=∫ f ( x ) dx μ= ∫ xf ( x ) dx σ =∫ ( x −μ ) f ( x ) dx
2 2
continuous
a −∞ −∞
Solution Pathway
NOTE: This task is sold on condition that it is NOT placed on any school network or
social media site (such as Facebook, Google Docs etc.) at any time.
FOR ADJUSTED STUDY DESIGN (2020 ONLY)
NOT FOR PRIVATE TUTOR USE.
a. 2
f : R → R , f ( x )=
( x −1 )3
−3
f ( x )=2 ( x−1 )
' −4
f ( x)=2 ×−3 × ( x−1 )
6
¿−
( x−1 )4
[1 mark] correct answer
b.
Evaluate f ' ( π3 ) given f ( x )=−12 sin ( x ) cos ( x )
−1
let u = sin ( x ) let v=cos ( x)
2
du −1 dv
= cos ( x ) =−sin( x )
dx 2 dx
' dv du
f ( x )=u +v
dx dx
1 1
¿− sin ( x ) ×−sin ( x ) +cos ( x ) ×− cos(x )
2 2
1
¿ ( sin 2 ( x )−cos 2 ( x))
2
∴f' ( π3 )= 12 ( 34 − 14 )= 14
[1 mark] correct derivative

[1 mark] correct evaluation at specified x-value
3
If the line y=2 x +4 is∥¿ the tangent of y=( x−k ) −8 at x=2 ,
what is the value(s) of k ?
a ± √b
Express your answer in the form , where a , b and c ∈ Z .
c
dy
m=2= ¿
dx x=2
dy 2
=3 ( x−k )
dx
∴ 3 ( x −k )2=2 ¿ x=2
3¿
2
12−12 k +3 k =2
2
3 k −12k + 10=0
−b ± √ b 2−4 ac
k=
2a
a=3 , b=−12, c=10
12 ± √ 144−(4 ×3 ×10)
k=
6
12± √ 24
¿
6
12± 2 √ 6
¿
6
6 ± √6
¿
3
[1 mark] correct application of information from tangent line
[1 mark] correct construction of equation solvable for k

[1 mark] correct solutions for k in required format
2x x
Solvethe equation e +5 e =24
2
( e x ) +5 e x −24=0
Let a=e x
∴ a2 +5 a−24=0
( a+ 8 ) ( a−3 )=0
a=−8 , a=3
∴ e x =−8 but no real solution or e x =3
x=log e ( 3 )
[1 mark] correct quadratic substitution
[1 mark] correct answer
1 1
Solve the equation tan ( x ) + sin ( x ) tan ( x ) + cos ⁡(x )=0 for 0< x <4 π
2 2
sin ( x ) sin ( x ) sin ( x ) 1
+ + cos(x )=0
cos ( x ) 2cos ( x ) 2
Multiply both side by cos (x)
1 2 1 2
sin ( x ) + sin ( x ) + cos (x)=0
2 2
1
( sin 2 ( x ) +cos 2(x ) ) +sin ( x )=0
2
1
+sin ( x )=0
2
−1
sin ( x )=
2
7π 11 π
∴ x= or
6 6
Check for other solutions in specified domain.
7π 19 π 11 π 23 π
x= +2 π= ∨¿ +2 π=
6 6 6 6
7 π 11 π 19 π 23 π
x= , , ,
6 6 6 6
[1 mark] correct transformation of equation to a solvable form
[1 mark] first pair of correct solutions
[1 mark] all other solutions within specified domain
g ( x ) was obtained through transformations of f (x). f (x) was dilated by a factor of 2

parallel to the y−axis, reflected about the x−axis , translated 4 units down and 6
units right. If g ( x )=4 x2−8 x +5 , what was the equation of f ( x ) ?
Method 1
Complete the square for g’(x)
∴ g ( x )=4 ¿
Apply transformations in reverse order to those specified.
Translate 4 units up and 6 units left.

T1
g ( x )=4 ¿
Reflect about x-axis.

T2 T1
g ( x )=−g ( x )=−4 ¿
Dilate by factor of ½ parallel to y-axis.
1 T2
f ( x )= g ( x )
2
2 5
¿−2 ( x +5 ) −
2
2 105
¿−2 x −20 x−
2
Method 2
Set up a matrix equation.
[ xy '' ]=[ 10 −20 ][ xy ]+[−46 ]

' '
x =x+ 6 y =−2 y−4
Let y ' =g ( x ) ∴ y ' =4 x ' 2 −8 x '+5
'
Substitute x+6 for x in g ( x ) and −2 y −4 for y '
−2 y−4=4 ¿
Rearrange to make y the subject and simplify.
2
−2 y−4=4 x +48 x +144−8 x−48+ 5
2
−2 y−4=4 x +40 x +101
2
−2 y=4 x + 40 x+105
2 105
y=−2 x −20 x−
2
[1 mark] valid approach to determining f (x)

[1 mark] correct execution of approach used
[1 mark] correct equation for f (x)
Let f : [ 0 , π ] → R , f ( x )=sin ( 2 x ) and g : ( 0 , π ) → ( x )=√ 3 cos ( 2 x ) .
a. Find the coordinates of the points of ∩of f ( x ) and g ( x). 2 marks
Solver f ( x )=g (x)

sin ( 2 x )=√ 3 cos ⁡( 2 x )
tan (2 x )=√ 3
π
∴ 2 x=
3
π
x=
6
π
Check for other solutions in specified domain. Period is .
2
π 2π
x= ,
6 3
π
If x = , f ( x ) =g ( x )=
√3
6 2
, f ( x )=g ( x )= √
2π − 3
If x =
3 2
Points of intersection at ( π6 , √23 ) and ( 23π ,− √23 )

[1 mark] valid method for finding points of intersection
[1 mark] correct points of intersection, specified as coordinates
b. Solvethe equations f ( x )=0 and g ( x )=0 . 2 marks
Consider f ( x )=0
sin ( 2 x )=0
2 x=0 or 2 x=π
π
x=0 or x=
2
Consider other solutions in specified domain. Period = π
x=0+ π =π
Consider g ( x )=0
√ 3 cos ( 2 x )=0
π 3π
2 x= or 2 x=
2 2
π 3π
x= or x=
4 4
No other solutions in specified domain.
[1 mark] correct solution to sin ( 2 x )=0

[1 mark] correct solution to cos (2 x )=0
c. Sketch the graph of f(x) and g(x) on the same set of axes, labelling all key points 3 marks
with their coordinates.
[1 mark] correct graph shapes

[1 mark] key points correctly labelled
[1 mark] end points correctly drawn
d. Determine the exact area enclosed by f ( x ) and g ( x ) . 2 marks
2π
3
A=∫ f ( x )−g ( x ) dx
π
6
2π
3
¿ ∫ sin ⁡( 2 x )−√ 3 cos ( 2 x ) dx

π
6
[ ]
2π
¿
−1 √3
cos ( 2 x )− sin ( 2 x )
3
π
2 2 6
¿ ( 14 − −34 )−( −14 − 34 )

¿ 1−−1
¿ 2 square units
[1 mark] correct definite integral
[1 mark] correct area
The normal probability density function, f (x), can be modelled by the equation:
( )
2
−1 x−μ
1 2 σ
f ( x )= e
σ √2π
Where μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation respectively.
Use calculus to show that the maximum value of f ( x ) occurs when x=μ.
Need to solve f ' ( x )=0
Let y=f (x )
( )
2
−1 x−μ 1 u
Let u= ∴ y= e
2 σ σ √2 π
∴
du
dx
1 1
=2×− × ×
2 σ
x−μ dy
=
1
σ du σ √ 2 π
eu ( )
¿−
( x−μ
σ )
2
dy dy du
= ×
dx du dx
¿
1
σ √2 π
u
e ×−
x−μ
σ
2 ( )
( )
2
−1 x−μ
−(x−μ) 2 σ
¿ e
σ
3
√2 π
Solve f ' ( x )=0
( )
2
−1 x−μ
−(x−μ) 2 σ
e =0
σ
3
√2 π
( )
2
−1 x−μ
2 σ
−(x−μ)e =0
By null factor law:
( )
2
−1 x−μ
2 σ
x−μ=0∨e =0
( )
2
−1 x−μ
2 σ
x=μ since e cannot =0
[1 mark] correct derivative
[1 mark] correct solution to derivative equals zero
The heights of students in a school are normally distributed with a mean of 160 cm. Jack’s
heights is one standard deviation above the mean while Sally’s height is two standard
deviations below the mean.
Using the result that Pr ( Z ←1 )=a and Pr ( Z <2 )=b
a. What is the probability that a student selected at random will have a height 1 mark
between that of Jack and Sally?
Pr ( h> Jack)=a
Pr ( h< Sally)=1−b
Pr ¿
¿ b−a
[1 mark] correct probability
b. Given that Pepe is taller that Sally, what is the probability that he is also taller 2 marks
than Jack?
Pr ¿
a
¿
1−b
[1 mark] correct conditional probability relationship
[1 mark] correct probability
c. Three students are selected at random. What is the probability that two of the 2 marks
three will be shorter than Sally?
Binomial distribution problem. Need probability of 2 successes from three trials.
Pr (Success)= p=Pr(h<Sally ¿=1−b
Pr ¿
Pr ¿
¿3b¿
[1 mark] correct binomial distribution application
[1 mark] correct evaluation
d. At a different school, Agnes’ height is 130 cm, which is 80% of a standard 2 marks
deviation below the school mean. In contrast, Shneevy’s height of 160 cm is
40% of a standard deviation above the school mean. What are the mean and
standard deviation of height at this other school?
Angnes’ z score is -0.8

Shneevy’s z score is 0.4
For Agnes:
x−μ
z=
σ
130−μ
−0.8=
σ
−0.8 σ + μ=130 Eq 1
For Shneevy
x−μ
z=
σ
160−μ
0.4=
σ
0.4 σ + μ=160 Eq 2
Solve the simultaneous equations
−0.8 σ + μ=130 Eq 1
0.4 σ + μ=160 Eq 2
Eq 2−Eq 1
1.2 σ=30
6
σ=30
5
150
σ= =25
6
∴ μ=150
[1 mark] correct z-score equations
[1 mark] correct solution to simultaneous equations
Question 9
a. Show that the volume, V, of the pyramid can expressed as: 3 marks
1 2
V = b √ 100−10 b
3
Let ∆ ABC correspond to one of the triangular sections:
D C
A
A
B
20−b
¿ information given , AB=b ,CD=
2
Let ∆ CDE correspond to above triangular section folded over to its final position:
E D
CE corresponds ¿ the height of the pyramid ,h

1
DE= b since its a right pyramid and hence apex ( C ) sits directly above centre of base.
2
h=CE=
√( 2 ) ()
20−b 2 b 2
−
2
by Pythagoras
¿
√ 400−40 b+b 2−b2
4
¿ √ 100−10 b
1
V = Ah
3
A=b , h=√ 100−10 b

2
1
∴ V = b 2 √ 100−10 b
3
[1 mark] using information provided to define dimensions of one of the triangles

[1 mark] expressing pyramid height in terms of base length
[1 mark] substituting information into formula for the volume of a pyramid and simplifying
to specific form
b. What is the feasible domain of b? 1 mark
Obviously, b> 0.
The maximum value of b will be that which causes h to be 0. That is, as b increases, h
decreases until at some point h=0.
To determine maximum b value. Solve for b when h=0 in h=√100−10 b
√ 100−10 b=0
100−10 b=0
∴ b=10
∴ b ∴ ( 0 ,10 )
[1 mark] correct feasible domain
c. What is the value of b that results in a pyramid with maximum volume? 3 marks
dV
Need ¿ solve =0
db
1 2
V = b √ 100−10 b
3
1
1 2
Let u= b Let w=√ 100−10b=( 100−10 b )
2
3
−1
du 2 dw 1 2
= b = ×−10 × ( 100−10 b )
db 3 db 2
−5
¿
√100−10 b
dV dw du
=u +w
db db db
2
1 −5 2
¿ b × + √ 100−10 b × b
3 √ 100−10 b 3
2 b √ 100−10 b
2
−5 b
¿ +
3 √ 100−19 b 3
2 b √ 100−10 b
2
−5 b
+ =0
3 √ 100−10 b 3
Multiply both sides by 3 √ 100−10 b
2
−5 b +2 b(100−10 b)=0
2 2
−5 b +200 b−20 b =0
2
−25 b +200 b=0
−25 b ( b−8 ) =0
b=0 , b=8
But given feasible domain, b=8 cm
[1 mark] correct choice and set up of differentiation rule
[1 mark] correct use of rule
[1 mark] correct answer with correct unit.
d. Hence, what is the maximum volume of the pyramid? 1 mark
Substitute b=8 into formula for volume.

1
V = × 8 √100−( 10 ×8 )
2
3
64 √ 20 3
¿ cm
3
128 √ 5
¿ cm3
3
[1 mark] correct answer with correct unit

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QATs VCE®Mathematical Methods.

Practice Examination 1, Units 3 and 4

At the end of the examination

d. Determine the exact area enclosed by f ( x ) and g ( x ) . 2 marks

d. At a different school, Agnes’ height is 130 cm, which is 80% of a 2 marks

b. What is the feasible domain of b? 1 mark

d. Hence, what is the maximum volume of the pyramid? 1 mark

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Mathematical Methods Formulas

Written examinations 1 and 2

Probability distribution Mean Variance

discrete Pr ( X =x ¿= p(x ) u=Σ xp (x) σ 2=E ( ( X −μ )2 )=E ( X )2 −μ 2

[1 mark] correct derivative

[1 mark] correct construction of equation solvable for k

∴ e x =−8 but no real solution or e x =3

[1 mark] correct quadratic substitution

[1 mark] correct answer

Multiply both side by cos (x)

Check for other solutions in specified domain.

[1 mark] correct transformation of equation to a solvable form

[1 mark] first pair of correct solutions

[1 mark] all other solutions within specified domain

g ( x ) was obtained through transformations of f (x). f (x) was dilated by a factor of 2

Complete the square for g’(x)

Apply transformations in reverse order to those specified.

Translate 4 units up and 6 units left.

Reflect about x-axis.

Dilate by factor of ½ parallel to y-axis.

Set up a matrix equation.

[ xy '' ]=[ 10 −20 ][ xy ]+[−46 ]

Let y ' =g ( x ) ∴ y ' =4 x ' 2 −8 x '+5

Rearrange to make y the subject and simplify.

[1 mark] valid approach to determining f (x)

Solver f ( x )=g (x)

Points of intersection at ( π6 , √23 ) and ( 23π ,− √23 )

b. Solvethe equations f ( x )=0 and g ( x )=0 . 2 marks

Consider other solutions in specified domain. Period = π

No other solutions in specified domain.

[1 mark] correct solution to sin ( 2 x )=0

[1 mark] correct graph shapes

d. Determine the exact area enclosed by f ( x ) and g ( x ) . 2 marks

¿ ∫ sin ⁡( 2 x )−√ 3 cos ( 2 x ) dx

¿ ( 14 − −34 )−( −14 − 34 )

Where μ and σ are the mean and standard deviation respectively.

Need to solve f ' ( x )=0

Angnes’ z score is -0.8

CE corresponds ¿ the height of the pyramid ,h

A=b , h=√ 100−10 b

[1 mark] using information provided to define dimensions of one of the triangles

d. Hence, what is the maximum volume of the pyramid? 1 mark

Substitute b=8 into formula for volume.

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