Kennesaw State University

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Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year Department of Architecture

Spring 5-9-2022

Hope is Scarce: Designing an Orphanage to Create a Sense of

Belonging
Mehmet Arif Ozelgul

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Bachelor of Architecture Theses - 5th Year. 189.
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 HOPE IS SCARCE

Designing an Orphanage to Create a

Sense of Belonging
Thesis Studio 2022
KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY
Hope is Scare
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE - COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE &
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT Designing an Orphanage to Create a Sense of
Belonging
THESIS TITLE
Request for Approval of Thesis Research Project Book Presented To:
Hope is Scare: Designing an Orphanage to Create a Sense of Belonging
Zamila Karimi, M. Arch, MFA
STUDENT FULL NAME
M. Saleh Uddin, Ph.D.
Mehmet Arif Ozelgul
and to the
ADVISORS
Faculty of the Department of Architecture College of Architecture and
Construction Management
Zamila Karimi, M Arch, MFA
by
M. Saleh Uddin, Ph.D.

THESIS DESCRIPTION Mehmet Arif Ozelgul

My thesis is concerned with how architecture, space, and nature can In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree
provide safety, shelter, entertainment, and a sense of belonging to a space
to the orphan children in Maputo, Mozambique. The design I have brought Bachelor of Architecture
to life will allow these children to feel at home and encounter with the
environment, which is very important for their well-being and health. I will be Kennesaw State University Marietta, Georgia
creating an environment that encourages bodily engagement, playful
sensory exploration, and a flawless connection to the surrounding natural Spring 2022
environment. The project site is located in the city of Maputo, by the Indian
Ocean. The site is surrounded by both environmental and developing urban
settings. The age group I will be targeting in my thesis is orphans from 10-15
years of age. The ultimate goal is to create an orphan village that will
embrace the children and provide them a space where they call “home”.
Table of Contents Section V: Program
Program 52-53
INTRODUCTION
Section VI: Design Development
Cover Page 2-3
Abstract 6 Iteration 1 55
Acknowledgments 7 teration 2 56
Final Iteration 57
Section I: Thesis Proposal Final Proposed Site Plan 58
1.1. Thesis [Proposition] Narrative 8-9 Plans&Sections 59
1.2. Relevance of the Narrative in Literature 10-11 Stitching Through Program 60
1.3. Project Proposal 12
Materials&Facade Design 61
1.4. Underlying Principles of the Thesis Narrative to the Proposed Project 13
Section VII: Renderings
Section II: Children in Mozambique Renderings 62-75
Children in Mozambique 16-17
Child Development Stages 18 Annotated Bibliography 76
Targeted Age Group 19
Problems of Orphans 20-21

Section III: Precedent Analysis

1. Econef Children’s Center 24-27
2. SOS Children’s Village 28-31
3. Haiti Orphanage 32-35
4. Cultural Center in Senegal 36-39
5. Banga Riverside Residential Community 40-41
6. Banga Riverside School 42-43
7. Dano Secondary School 44-45

Section IV: Site

Site Analysis - Land Use 48
Environmental Site Factors 49
3D Site Maps 49
2D Site Maps - Micro Scale 50
2D Site Maps - Macro Scale 51
Abstract Acknowledgments

When a child comes to life without the guidance of a mother and a father, they are I would like to thank my thesis advisors, Zamila Karimi and Saleh Uddin for being there in every step in this
sentenced to grow up in places where they can’t perceive as “home”. A child being journey, giving me confidence and encouragement to bring the best out of me.
placed in a situation where they live without their parents is not the ideal location for self-
development. According to research, there are 2 million children in Mozambique who The sincerest of gratitudes to my parents for their constant support, both emotionally and financially.
are living without their biological parents, and they are forced to child labor (22%), early Thanks to all my colleagues who have been near me and encouraged me in my hard times.
child marriage (48%), violence (33.3%), prostitution (22%), and early childbearing (52%)
along with mental health issues. The primary school graduation rate in Mozambique
is only 48%. There are thousands of children without an educational background and
because of that, there are lots of uneducated orphans who have no purpose in life.
Now the question is, “How can we protect some of these innocent children from these
very possible threats and give them a purpose, along with an occupation in life?“
My thesis is concerned with how architecture, space, and nature can provide safety,
shelter, entertainment, and a sense of belonging to a space to the orphan children
in Maputo, Mozambique. The design I have brought to life will allow these children
to feel at home and encounter with the environment , which is very important for
their well-being and health. I will be creating an environment that encourages bodily
engagement, playful sensory exploration, and a flawless connection to the surrounding
natural environment. The project site is located in the city of Maputo, by the Indian
Ocean. The site is surrounded by both environmental and developing urban settings.
The age group I will be targeting in my thesis is orphans from 10-15 years old. The ultimate
goal is to create an orphan village that will embrace the children and provide them a
space where they call “home”.

6 7
1.1. Thesis [Proposition] Narrative
HOPE IS SCARCE
Despite recent socioeconomic progress in Mozambique, 48% of all children live in
absolute poverty, making them especially vulnerable. Furthermore, some of these
children have lost their first line of defense – their parents. Children can lose parental
protection, care, and affection for a variety of reasons, including poverty, natural
disasters, domestic violence, and family breakup.
Orphans are also among the most vulnerable in Mozambique, where there are an
estimated 2 million orphans who have lost one or both parents. Another 700,000
children are at risk of being abandoned due to their caregivers’ advanced age,
the presence of HIV in the household, and/or worsening socioeconomic conditions.
Exploitative child labor is exacerbated by poverty and the orphan crisis. According
to the 2011 Mozambique Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 24% of youngsters
aged 5 to 14 work in some capacity to support themselves or their families.
Girls, particularly orphaned girls, are particularly vulnerable. They are more likely
to be exposed to potentially harmful behaviors such as transactional sex or child
marriage. Mozambique has one of the world’s highest rates of child marriage,
affecting about one out of every two girls, and the second worst rate in the Eastern
and Southern African sub-region. In Mozambique, 48% of women aged 20–24 were
married or in a union for the first time before the age of 18, and 14% before the age
of 15. (DHS, 2011).
8 9
Girls, regardless of their background, are particularly vulnerable to abuse and
violence. According to the 2011 , the rate of violence against women and children
is high, with one out of every three girls or women aged 15–49 reporting being a
victim of abuse at some point in their lives. Sexual violence is the most common
sort of violence, and it frequently occurs at home or in the community. Male family
members, such as an older brother, father, uncle, or stepfather, are the most common
perpetrators. Despite improvements, impunity for perpetrators of violence against
children and women continues to be a problem.
The assistance program must consider the social and economic issues that make
children vulnerable in Mozambique while also looking at measures to lessen children’s
vulnerability to violence and abuse and increase their resilience. The goal is to
improve children’s physical, intellectual, and emotional development, as well as to
enable all children to benefit from the country’s social and economic progress.
Children in Mozambique now have a lot greater chance of learning than
they had previously. In 1992, just 32% of children were enrolled in elementary
school. Today, 83 percent of students are enrolled in primary school.
Since 1992, the number of elementary and secondary schools has increased,
with 3,500 new instructors hired each year. In 2004, school fees were
removed, and a policy of direct financing to schools was implemented.
Investments in education quality, on the other hand, have not been able to keep up
with the growing school system. Many schools are still unsuitable for children. There
is an average of one teacher for every 74 students in lower elementary school, and
only 58% of instructors have completed teacher training.
1.2 Relevance of the Narrative in Literature
The 3 similar research studies that resonate with my questions are:
1- “Modern-day orphanages: Exploring what it is like to grow up in a stable, long-term residential children’s home. (Elizabeth Lee Ann
Zimmermann, Iowa State University, 2012)”
“This study explored the nuances and dynamics of living in a stable, long-term residential home within a Christian community for foster
children who (for varying reasons) are unable to reside with their families of origin. In essence, this study examined ‘modern-day
orphanages’ (a term used by McKenzie, 2010), a little studied alternative care format for foster youth. Using interviews and participatory
observation to form a multi-perspective case study, this research explored the particular and unique care environment provided by
Children’s Hope (pseudonym), a modern-day orphanage located in the United States. Results are presented in two manuscripts.
Themes from the first manuscript uncover the structural aspects of the organization, the intentionally created environment of the
organization, and a typical day experienced by children; findings from this manuscript support the inclusion of modern-day orphanages
as a viable alternative care format to the foster care system. Themes from the second manuscript ascertain how Children’s Hope
satisfies the child welfare goals of safety, permanency, and well-being. Given that the organization satisfies these goals, findings from
this manuscript also support the inclusion of modern-day orphanages as a viable alternative care format to the foster care system.
Overall, the findings from this study fill a substantial gap in the literature regarding modern-day orphanages and further inform policy
and practice regarding placement for foster children.”
2- “Children’s Orphange, Diana Marie Rodriguez,2012”
“The purpose of this literature review is to cultivate an understanding of problems associated with residents and the staff of an orphanage,
and to comprehend the effects that the design of the interior environment plays in the psychological health of those occupants.
Through this literature review a focus will be placed on the needs of children of all ages, in an orphanage within an interior environment,
the effects that interior design has on the experience of children living in an orphanage, interior features that affect a child, the users’
age and the environmental flexibility, the environmental psychological effect on the user, and what design applications will result from
this study in improving the overall experience for those who are involved with the orphanage.”
10
3- “Designing Orphanage With The Approach Of Creating Sense of Belonging To The Environment. (Anahita Khanbabaei, Department
of Architecture, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran).”
“Children how grow up in a family environment with no love and attachment in an unsafe environment would be under emotional,
ethical, social, and metal crises. Although the crises make same children involved apparently; in deeper concept and in nature, they
make whole society involved in it. One of the difficulties of the society is the issue of orphans. These are innocent children who have
lost their family under specific conditions and have become orphan forcibly. In fact, orphan children are victims of the society, a
society that has not only deprived them from having warm family that is their natural right, but also cannot accept them and looks
them as scoria. Problems of these children is lack of sense of security and meeting their needs, lack of self-confidence and lack of
expressing problems with right person and lack of being loved by others are other shortcomings and mental and behavioral problems
of these children. Deprivation of orphans from presence of parents as basic foundations of family system makes challenge for growth
of their positive self-concept more than before. Deprivation of natural function of family can affect not only self-concept of orphans,
but also it can affect their perception of future. Disappointed child is a child with negative attitude to him/herself and to future and
compared to other children, the children experience less safe attachment in relation with a caretaker. However, need to belonging
is a comprehensive need. Belonging means that desire to creating a sustainable social relationship and threatening this need in any
manner can cause sense of loneliness. In fact, loneliness is a cognitive and emotional reaction to this threat and demonstrates that
there is a gap between actual social relationship of person and desired social relationship. In this study, it has been tried to consider
important factors to create sense of belonging to the environment in children to design a space for them, so that they can feel to be
Different Levels of Sense of Space: Steps of Sense of Space:
- Belief Rootedness - Awareness of being in a place
- Unconscious Rootedness - Belonging to a Place
- Relative Location - Sense of Space
- Alienation with Place - Unity with goals of Place
- No Place - Participation in Place
- Sacrifice for Places
11
1.3. Project Proposal [Design Intervention] 1.4. Underlying Principles of the Thesis Narrative to the Proposed Project

The proposed project is an orphanage that is like a campus, which includes different programs. A livable campus that includes
variety of activities that could help the children heal psychologically. A major factor would be the nature, because according to a
research made, children who grow up in natural areas, their gross motor skills are better than children who did not grow up in nature.
Architecture can have an immense positive impact on human psychology. By implementing the right design strategies, space can
has the potential to heal a human being.
1. Senegal Cultural Center - Toshiko Mori
The Josef and Anni Albers Foundation in Connecticut, in conjunction with a local leader in Sinthian, will create and support an
innovative new cultural center in the remote community of Sinthian in south-eastern Senegal. THREAD, which will open on March
4, 2015, will provide artist residencies as well as a variety of activities that will allow residents of Sinthian and the surrounding region
to explore new types of creativity and hone their abilities. The facility will be a nexus for the local community and a location where
resident artists may have a really meaningful experience of Sinthian society, including markets, education, performances, and
meetings.

1 2 3 4 2. Econef Children’s Center / Asante Architecture & Design + Lonnqvist & Vanamo Architects

How can architecture
provide a sense of
belonging?
surrounding community?
How do we engage
the orphan children in
Mozambique with the
How does ecological
solutions affect the life
of the orphan children in
Mozambique?
The Children’s Center Project aims to strengthen ECONEF’s financial independence and lessen its dependency on individual
How to engage and
donations. To assist achieve this aim, new buildings will be designed to be environmentally and economically sustainable, as well
create a playful
as low-maintenance. Solar panels have been installed at the facility, which allows it to generate its own power. The architectural
sensory exploration
design incorporates rainwater collecting and natural ventilation systems. To reduce the need for external building knowledge and
through design and
unnecessary shipping expenses, the construction techniques and materials are local and based on traditional practices.
programming?

3. SOS Children’s Village In Djibouti / Urko Sanchez Architects

Djibouti is located in the Horn of Africa, which is plagued by frequent droughts and scarcity of resources. SOS Kinderdorf requested
us to create a 15-house residential complex where they could operate their family-strengthening programs. The goal in this project
was sustainability and create an environment that is maintenance free. This can easily be achieved with using the pure nature.
Solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and natural ventilation are integrated in this project. These architectural strategies can be used
in the orphanage design.

12 13
Children in Mozambique
Children in Mozambique Children in Mozambique (10-15 Years)

Net Attendance Rate for Adolescents

of Lower Secondary School Age Child Labor (5-14 Years)
Population of Children in Mozambique Poverty Rate of Children in Mozambique Poverty Rate of Children in Mozambique Child Marriage Prevalence <18 Age Early Childbearing Before Age of 18
Children Living without Parents
22%
Children
Working
17%
Working Only
12.6% - 2.000.000
Children
40%
Children with Kids

48% 48%
52% 52%
52%
Children in Mozambique 48% 48% 55.1%
Absolute Poverty Absolute Poverty
Attending School 52%

88.4% 17%
Work and School

78%

Boys Having First Sexual Intercourse

200,000 Children
Girls Having First Sexual Intercourse

1.2 Million Children

Before the Age of 15 Before the Age of 15

Live with HIV

17%
are out of school Boys 22%
Girls

16 17
Child Development
Child Development Stages
Stages Targeted
Child Age Group
Development Stages

0-1 Month Old 1-3 Months Old 4-12 Months Old 1-3 Years Old 4-5 Years Old 6-12 Years Old 13-18 Years Old

- Attention from Parents - Recognizes familier faces
- Constant Supervision and voices
- Smiles in response
- Call their names
- Sing to your baby
- Laugh with your baby
- Read books and stories
- Cuddle
- Place safe, movable toys
- Sing to your baby
- Solve Puzzles
- Build Towers
- Teach simple words
- Family mealtime
- No yelling and hitting
- Teach them hygiene
- Dance with them
- Talk with them, listen them
- Physical activities
- Offer compliments
- Recognize achievement
- Reward them
- Encourage to express feelings
- Provide them options
- Give them freedom to choose
- Teach them respect
and listening to elders
- Model appropriate behavior
- Encourage them to read,
draw, and build
- Physical activity
- Get them engaged in hobbies
- Give new challanges
- Encourage group
relations
- Provide consisting and
loving discipline
- Discuss stress
management

Newborn Infant Toddler Preschooler School Aged Child Adolescent

(0-4 weeks) (4 weeks - 12 months) (12 - 24 months) (2-5 years) (6-13 years) (14-19 years)

Determined
Age
Group

10-15
Years

18 19
20 21
Precedent Analysis
 Outdoor Activities Outdoor activities will enhance the gross
Improved Motor Skills motor skills children have, such as, running,
jumping, throwing, catching, climbing

Collaboration between the children is an

Collaboration between Children important issue, because they need diverse
areas where they can socialize.Also, the
oprhans can connect with their care givers.

More than 40% percent of the children suffer

Improved Muscle Strength from malnutrition in Mozambique and this
causes their muscle development to be
severely low and excersise improves their
muscle growth.

Materiality Locality of the materials are important

Local Materials because when we look at the constructibility
of the complex.

1. Econef Children’s Brick

Brick provides durabilty, good insulation, fire
resistance, easy to find and it is a cheaper
option.

Center Bamboo
Excellent heat regulator, eco-friendly, high
compressive strength, low weight, easy to find
and easy to maintain.

Reduces energy consumption, excellent

Clay
insulation, durable, their lifespan is around 150
years. Easy to access.

Vegetation
22% of the children in Mozambique die
Clean Air due to respiratory infections, To reduce
this number, the use of proper vegatition is
important.

According to scientists, greenery and

Mental Health vegetation is outdoor and indoor spaces
creates a positive impact on human brain
and behavior.

According to scientists, greenery and

High Productivity vegetation is outdoor and indoor spaces
ehnances the productivity of people.

25
PROGRAM & SPACES The circulation path is very simple and it is a great strategy because you don’t want
anyone confused where they are supposed to feel home. There is a lot of natural
- Bedrooms: light which is makes a person happy and that is exactly what I will need in my project.
- 6 bedrooms for three children The plan is symmetrical and the space is designed very clearly. The proportion of
- Bathroom: the different spaces are shown in the diagram below. The wooden roof construction
- 2 bathrooms and 2 showers for each bedroom area. elevates the upper roof of corrugated steel to create airflow between the roof and
- Study Areas: the inner ceiling.
- 2 large common study rooms for children’s use.
- Open spaces.
- Courtyard:
- 2 courtyards in the middle of the complex.
- Interaction space for children.
- Immense sunlight.
- Plantation Area:
- Motivates children to interact with nature and gives
them Plan / Circulation Additive and Subtractive

A responsibility to take care of something.

- Meeting Room:
- A meeting room for important gatherings.
- Eating Area:
- A large eating area. Eating together will enhance
the bond

Symmetry Circulation Section Figure 15 Hierarchy Structure

Unit to Whole

26 Symmetry and Balance Section 27

 Roof Design
Reducing energy consumption.
Solar Panels Mozambique has a hot climate, there is
high sun exposure, so the complex could
be zero energy buildings with the help of

Durable, lasts longer, energy efficient.

The flat roof design strategy could be
Straight Roof used for rain water collection system and
the use of water could also be reduced
substantially.

Interior Design Exposure to sunlight triggers the release

Sunlight of SERATONIN in human brain and what
that does is boosting one’s mood and
help them stay calm and focused. Also,

2. SOS Children’s
Vitamin D is an important factor for child
Bright Color Bright color reflects the sunlight more and
it also has a positive impact on human

Village
brain. The light tan color used imposes the
sense of reliability and strength.
High Window Increases privacy in the bedrooms, but
doesn’t take away from the sunlight
exposure into the room. Beneficial for
ventilation.

Outdoor Activities
Develops children’s gross and fine
Playground motor skills. Allows them to have fun and
engage in activities with their friends and
caregivers.
Transparency in common areas are
important to be able to keep track of
Transparency
the children by their caregivers. These
children are sensetive and they should be
monitored.

Open Space Studies show that children playing in

larger areas leaves a better mark on their
memory and gives them the freedom of
having enough space to do more.
29
 This project derived from a simple circle and by breaking them into smaller squares and PROGRAM & SPACES
rectangles they had cluster of rooms and other amenity spaces. The circulation path
could be simpler so that it is easier for the children to circulate inside the orphanage. - Bedrooms: 3 Types
The unit to whole diagram shows how much public space and amenities was given - Single Bedroom
for each room. - Double Bedroom
- Triple Bedroom
- Gives diversity of spaces for special needs of the chil-
dren.
- Bathroom:
- There are different modules of spaces.
- Each module has 3 bathrooms and showers.
- Study Areas:
- Each module has its own study area.
- Designer intended for privacy to help students focus.
- Open Spaces:
- There are several large open spaces for children to en-
gage
Plan and Circulation In activities.
- Playground & Outdoor Recreation Area:
- There are 2 playgrounds and an outdoor playing area
for the children.
Design Parti Diagram Geometry Unit to Whole Diagram - Eating Area:
- Each module has its own kitchen and eating area.

Circulation Section | Sunlight Context Map

30 31
Figure 20 Sun Study / Section
 Scale and Proportion
High roof structure can make an ordinary
High Roof Structure space larger. Natural light can penetrate
better. Extra volume of air inside the
space.

More exposure to natural light. Gives the

Open Ceiling sense of open space and the children
feel more free.

Materiality Sustainable, faster to build, easy to

Wood maintain, renewable, recyclable, low
energy production and natural insulation.
Local material, easy to find.

3. Haiti Orphanage Bright Color Brick

Bright color reflects the sunlight more and
it also has a positive impact on human
brain. Brick provides durability, good
insulation, fire resistance, easy to find and
it is a cheaper option.

Aluminum Lightweight and flexible, corrosion

resistance, reflectivity and ductility.

Vegetation
Exposure to sunlight triggers the release
Sunlight of SERATONIN in human brain and what
that does is boosting one’s mood and
help them stay calm and focused. Also,
Vitamin D is an important factor for child

Transparency in private areas can be trick

Transparency sometimes. However, it can be beneficial
for children’s interaction between on
another.

Bright color reflects the sunlight more and

Bright Color it also has a positive impact on human
brain. The light blue color used calls to
mind feelings of calmness or serenity.
33
 The program of the orphanage is clearly distribured all along the site. The passive PROGRAM & SPACES
cooling system is definetly a must in this area due to its very hot climate. My site is
- Bedrooms: 3 Types
also in a very hot climate and thinking about passive cooling is a great idea for my
- There are 3 bedroom for 4 people.
own project type. Concrete beams are fed through hollows in bricks to reinforce the
- Bathroom:
structure further, and mosquito nets are strung across their open tops. The design takes
- Bathrooms and showers for each room.
its inspiration from two types vernacular housing – lakou courtyard houses and rural
- Study Areas:
dwellings, which typically feature verandahs covered with decorative and pitched
- It is separate from the bedrooms.
roofs.
- Open Spaces:
- There are several large open spaces for children to
engage
In activities.
- Outdoor Space:
- There is a large outdoor space in the campus with
greenery
Which the children can interact with nature.
Plan / Circulation Hierarchy
- Eating Area:
Additive and Subtractive - The kitchen and the dining hall has its own
building.
Site Plan

Wind Circulation Exploded Axon Circulation

Hierarchy Additive and Subtractive Geometry

Symmetry and Balance

34 35
Section
4. Cultural Center in
Senegal

37
 The building is constructed using local materials and local builders have shared PROGRAM & SPACES
their sophisticated knowledge of working with bamboo, brick, and thatch.
- Bedrooms:
These traditional techniques are combined with design innovations by Mori. The
- The bedroom units are in separate buildings distributed
customary pitched roof is inverted and will be capable of collection approximately
around the site
40% of the villagers domestic water usage in fresh rainfall.
- Guest House:
- There are 2 spaces for the guests that are visiting the
complex.
- Guard House:
- A sheltered space for the guard that are responsible for the
security on site.
- Open Spaces:
- There are several large open spaces for children to engage
in activities.
- Outdoor Space:
Circulation Water Collection Program - There is a large outdoor space in the campus with greenery
which the children can interact with nature.
- Eating Area:
- The kitchen and dining areas are embedded in the housing
units.
- Medical Clinic:
- The campus has its own medical clinic in case of an
emergency.
Water Collection Structural Detail

Site Program

Sections 38 39
 • Architect: Francis Kere

• Site: Tete, Mozambique

• Date: 2014

• Size: 10,000 sqm

• Fosters an atmosphere of social

inclusion among residents of diverse
cultural backgrounds as well as
ecological symbiosis, with buildings
that blend effortlessly with the
natural environment. Circulation Path

5. Banga Riverside Corrugated Metal

Residential Community
Concrete

Greenery Courtyards
Brick

Grass

Air Circulation Materiality

40 41
 • Architect: Francis Kere

• Site: Tete, Mozambique

• Date: 2017-2018

• Size: 900 sqm

• To avoid the nearby road disturbing

the students, a green welcoming
space with a stop for school
bus is located at the entrance.
The complex opens with the Circulation Path Greenery
administrative buildings, which

6. Banga Riverside shelter the children further.

Corrugated Metal

School
Brick

Steel Column

Concrete

Section Analysis Roof Structure Materiality

42 43
 • Architect: Francis Kere

• Site: Dano, Burkina Faso

• Date: 2006-2007

• Size: 370 sqm

Public Space

• The building was designed from

the outset with the goal of making
it environmentally sustainable and
appropriate to its specific climatic
conditions. Local materials are used
which enhances the sustainability, Roof Structure Creation of Public

7. Dano Secondary also the roof structures helps catch

the wind and cools down the
interior.
Corrugated Metal

School
Concrete

Brick

Sandstone

44 Air Circulation Materiality 45

Site Analysis
Site Analysis - Land Use Environmental Site Factors

Temperature Precipitation Sunhours Wind

3D Site Maps

Base Map Site Location Figure Ground

Commercial
Government
Educational
Residential
48 Roads&Buildings Greenery Topography 49
2D Site Maps | Micro Scale 2D Site Maps | Macro Scale

Base Map Site Circulation Paths Building Type Areas Greenery

Site Location

Figure Ground Greenery Composite Map 50 Districts Major Roads&Transportation Urban Density 51
 LIVING EDUCATION SOCIAL RECREATION ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES
LIVING
LIVINGLIVINGLIVINGLIVING
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
EDUCATION
SOCIAL
SOCIALSOCIAL
SOCIAL
SOCIAL
RECREATION
RECREATION
RECREATION
RECREATION
RECREATION
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
AMENITIES
AMENITIES
AMENITIES
AMENITIE
AM

Program
AL RECREATION ENVIRONMENTAL AMENITIES Sleeping
Sleeping
Units
Sleeping
Units
Sleeping
Units
Sleeping
Units
Classrooms
Units
Classrooms
Classrooms
Classrooms Pavilion
ClassroomsPavilion
Pavilion
Pavilion
Pavilion
Soccer
Soccer
Field
Soccer
FieldSoccer
FieldSoccer
Field Fruit
Field
Fruit
Trees
Trees
Fruit Trees
Fruit Trees
Fruit
Kitchen/Dining
Kitchen/Dining
Trees Kitchen/Dining
Kitchen/Dini
Kitche

Private
Private
Study
Private
Study
Areas
Private
Areas
Study
Private
Study
AreasLecture
Study
Areas
Lecture
Areas
Rooms
Lecture
Rooms
Lecture
Rooms
Lecture
Rooms Playground
Rooms
Playground
Playground
PlaygroundIndoor
Indoor
Playground Pool
Indoor
Pool Indoor
PoolIndoor
Pool
Water
Water
Pool
Collection
Water
Collection
Water
Collection
Water
Collection
Loading
Collection
Loading
Deck
Loading
Deck
Loading
Deck
Loadin
De

Cafeteria
Cafeteria
Cafeteria
Cafeteria
Cafeteria
ArtsArts
Studio
Studio
Arts Studio ArtsInteractive
Arts Studio Interactive
Studio Interactive
ArtArt
Interactive
Art
Interactive
Art
Indoor
Indoor
ArtCourts
Indoor
Courts
Indoor
Courts
Indoor
Courts
Roof
Courts
Roof
Garden
Garden
Roof Garden
Roof Garden
Roof Garden
Storage
Storage
Storage
Storage
St

Game
Game
Room
Game
RoomGame
RoomGame
RoomRoom
Cafeteria
Cafeteria
Cafeteria
Cafeteria
Cafeteria
Rooftop
Rooftop
Rooftop
Rooftop
Rooftop
Climbing
Climbing
Climbing
Wall
Wall
Climbing
Wall
Climbing
Wall Ponds
Wall
Ponds PondsPondsElectrical/Water
Ponds
Electrical/Water
Electrical/Water
Electrical/Wa
Electri

Prayer
Prayer
Room
Prayer
RoomPrayer
Room Computer
Prayer
Room Computer
Room Computer
LabLab
Computer
Lab
Computer
Observation
Lab
Observation
Lab
Observation
Tower
Observation
TowerObservation
TowerTowerTower

Balcony/Rooftop
Balcony/Rooftop
Balcony/Rooftop
Balcony/Rooftop
Balcony/Rooftop

52 53
 Design Development/Iteration

LIVING Design DevelopmentSOCIAL

AMENITIES EDUCATION RECREATION ENVIRONMENTAL
Box Program Split Twist&Social
Space

Circulation Courtyard Site Context

54 55
Design Development/Iteration 2 Design Development/Final Iteration

Main Entrance

Education Service&Emergency High Traffic Density

& Dining Hub

Entrance
Education
& Dining Hub

Private
Box Rotation Gender Area
Separation Outdoor
Recreation Hub
Division Line

Living Hub Division Line

Outdoor
Recreation Hub
Living Hub
Public
Area
Indoor&Outdoor
Recreation Hub
Indoor&Outdoor
Recreation Hub
Community Entrance

Main Entrance

Low Traffic Density

Outdoor Space Middle Connector Pillotis

Private vs. Public Division of Hubs Circulation&Entrances

&
re
rm ltu
Main Entrance

Fa ricu

en
Farming Hub

e&
ltur

ch
Ag
ricu
Service&Emergency High Traffic Density
Farming Hub

High Traffic Density

High Traffic Density

Kit
Entrance Hig Ag m

g&
hS
ch F r
a he
n Hig

nin
itc hS
Mi oo g&K ch
l inin oo

Di
dd D l
le
Rooftop&Facade
Rainwater Collection

Sc
Education Massing Floor Division ho
ol M
id

Rotation
dl
e
Sc
ho
ol Playground Hub

Sle So

its
ep cc

Un
Table Tennis

er So
ing

ing
cc
Swings

Fie er
Seating Area

ep
Un
Gender Separation

ld Fie

Sle
Fem
Seating Area

its ld
Un ale
its
Ma
Un le
its

its
Un
n
Ind

a
Indoor Recreation

ce

ing
oo

nO

View towards
rR

ean
dia

ep
ec

s In

ian Oc

Sle
rea

rd
wa
tio

to

rds Ind
n

Indian Oce
Vie

towa
an
Pa ce
Pavilion

View
O
vili
n

an
dia
on Community Entrance s In

n
ard

ea

View
w
to

Oc
w
Vie
Main Entrance

tow
dia
s In

ards
rd
wa

In
to

dian
Low Traffic Density Low Traffic Density Low Traffic Density

w
Vie

Oce
an
Recreation Massing Basketball Court Amphitheater Program Placement Building Placement Stitching Through Program
&Double Height Ceiling 56 57
Final Proposed Site Plan

DN

DN

DN

UP

First Level Layout Second Level Layout Living

Scale: 1’=1/128” Scale:1’=1/128” Dining

Education
Green Area
Recreation

Wavy Ceiling

20’

Living Section Clasroom Section

58 Scale: 1’=1/8” Scale: 1’=1/8” 59
 Materials
Materials Facade Design
Stitching Through Landscape
Sandstone

- Fire Resistant
- Local Material
- UV Radiation Resistant
- Vivid Colors
- Easy Maintenance

Grass

- Cools Surrounding
- Boosts Oxygen Levels
- Water Absorbtion
- Environmentally Friendly
- Local Material

Thatch

- Local Material
- Environmentally Friendly
- Natural Insulation
- Water and UV Proof
- Recyclable

Brick

- Local Material
- Easy Maintenance
- Noise Cancellation
- Durability
- Fire Resistance
- Good Insulation

Steel&Corrugated Metal

- Traditional
- Lightweight
- Durable
- Affordable

Bamboo

- Natural Insulation
- Local Material
- UV Protection
- Affordable
- Easy to Manage
- Recyclable

Concrete

- Local Material
- Structurally Sound
- Durability

60 61
- Easy Maintenance
- Cost Effective
-Recyclable
Renderings

62 63
 1

1 2 3 4
How can architecture How do we engage How does ecological How to engage and
provide a sense of the orphan children in solutions affect the life create a playful
belonging? Mozambique with the of the orphan children in sensory exploration
surrounding community? Mozambique? through design and
programming?

64 65
 2

1 2 3 4
How can architecture How do we engage How does ecological How to engage and
provide a sense of the orphan children in solutions affect the life create a playful
belonging? Mozambique with the of the orphan children in sensory exploration
surrounding community? Mozambique? through design and
programming?

66 67
 3

1 2 3 4
How can architecture How do we engage How does ecological How to engage and
provide a sense of the orphan children in solutions affect the life create a playful
belonging? Mozambique with the of the orphan children in sensory exploration
surrounding community? Mozambique? through design and
programming?

68 69
 4

1 2 3 4
How can architecture How do we engage How does ecological How to engage and
provide a sense of the orphan children in solutions affect the life create a playful
belonging? Mozambique with the of the orphan children in sensory exploration
surrounding community? Mozambique? through design and
programming?

70 71
72 73
 SCAN FOR ANIMATION

74 75
Annotated Bibliography and References

Books&Journals
(Elizabeth Lee Ann Zimmermann, Modern-day orphanages: Exploring what it is like to grow up in a stable, long-term residential children’s home).

(Diana Marie Rodriguez, Children’s Orphanage)

(Anahita Khanbabei, Designing Orphanage with the Approach of Creating Sense of Belonging to the Environment).

(Natalie Ricci, The Psychological Impact of Architect Design).

Roy, Nilakshi. “I’m Still a Kid!: A Proposal for Improving Orphanages through the Integration of Nature, Nurture &amp; the Senses.” I’m Still a Kid!, 2015, 1–50. https://doi.
org/10.22215/etd/2015-10808.

Websites
Aguilar, Cristian. “SOS Children’s Village in Djibouti / Urko Sanchez Architects.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, December 2, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/773319/sos-childrens-
village-in-djibouti-urko-sanchez-architects.

“Mozambique (MOZ) - Demographics, Health &amp; Infant Mortality.” UNICEF DATA, February 6, 2020. https://data.unicef.org/country/moz/.

Mozambique, Unicef. “The Children in Mozambique.” UNICEF, 2018. https://www.unicef.org/mozambique/en/children-mozambique.

Sánchez, Daniel. “New Artist Residency in Senegal / Toshiko Mori.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, January 31, 2020. https://www.archdaily.com/608096/new-artist-residency-in-
senegal-toshiko-mori.

Tapia, Daniel. “Econef Children’s Center / Asante Architecture&amp;Design + Lönnqvist &amp; Vanamo Architects.” ArchDaily. ArchDaily, August 22, 2019. https://www.
archdaily.com/923371/econef-childrens-center-asante-architecture-and-design-plus-lonnqvist-and-vanamo-architects.

Mairs, Jessica. “Haiti Orphanage by Bonaventura Visconti Di Modrone.” Dezeen, July 19, 2019. https://www.dezeen.com/2016/05/01/ti-kay-la-haiti-orphanage-bonaventura-
visconti-di-modrone-anse-a-pitres/.

Kere, Francis. “Kéré: Work.” Kéré | Work, June 25, 2018. https://www.kerearchitecture.com/work/building/benga-riverside-residential-community.

Kere, Francis. “Kéré: Work.” Kéré | Work, June 25, 2018. https://www.kerearchitecture.com/work/building/benga-riverside-school.

Kere, Francis. “Kéré: Work.” Kéré | Work, June 25, 2018. https://www.kerearchitecture.com/work/building/dano-secondary-school.

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