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Combinational Circuits
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One use for multiplexers is economizing connections over a single channel,
by connecting the multiplexer's single output to the demultiplexer's single
input. a multiplexer and demultiplexer are combined together into a single
piece of equipment, which is simply referred to as a multiplexer. Both circuit
elements are needed at both ends of a transmission link because most
communications systems transmit in both directions.
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Multiplexers can also be used as programmable logic devices, specifically to
implement Boolean functions. Any Boolean function of n variables and one
result can be implemented with a multiplexer with n selector inputs. The
variables are connected to the selector inputs, and the function result, 0 or 1,
for each possible combination of selector inputs is connected to the
corresponding data input.
Combinational Circuits
Multiplexer : Suppose there are four lines. Output is obtained depending
on the values of controlling signals i.e. A0 and A1.
I0
Y0
I1
Decoded
Y1 O
Signals
I2
Y2
I0 I3
Y3
I1
MUX O
I2
I3
A0 A1
Combinational Circuits
4 to 1 Multiplexer: Data selector
S0 and S1 are control
Signals.
I0, I1, I2 and I3 are inputs
and Y is the output.
Combinational Circuits
A TO D Converter:
Analog signal means continuous signals.
ADC converts the signal from analog to digital form. While conversion there is
no continuous storage.
Analogue to Digital Converter, or ADC, is a data converter which allows digital
circuits to interface with the real world by encoding an analogue signal into a
binary code
Combinational Circuits
Let us suppose that analog signal is varying from +1.00v to
-1.00v.
A B C X Y
Comparator 1
0 0 0 0 0 0
0.5v A
0 0 1 0 1 1 X
Comparator 2
B Combination
0 1 0 Φ Φ Circuit
0v
Y
0 1 1 1 0 2 C
1 0 0 Φ Φ Comparator 3
1 0 1 Φ Φ -0.5v
1 1 0 Φ Φ
1 1 1 1 1 3
Combinational Circuits
BC 00 01 11 10 BC 00 01 11 10
A A
0 0 0 1 Φ 0 0 1 0 Φ
Φ Φ 1 Φ Φ Φ 1 Φ
1 1
X=B Y = B’C + A
Output is in digital form.
Combinational Circuits
In multiplexor A and B are two control signals.
Z = I0A’B’ + I1A’B +I2AB’ +I3AB
Output is represented in terms of 4 inputs and control variables.
This particular multiplexer can
implement two variable boolean function
directly i.e. Z = f(A, B). I0
At I1 and I3 we give 0, 0 I3
I3 C’
A B
Combinational Circuits
AB 00 01 11 10
C
0 1 1
Z = C’A’B + CAB’ + AB 1 1 1
0
I0
I1 C’
MUX Z
I2 C
I3 1
To realize a boolean function of 4 variables
8-input multiplexer is used. A B
Combinational Circuits a0 b0 a1 b1 a2 b2 c2 d2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
3-bit multiplier : 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
One bit is for sign and two bits are 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
for magnitude. 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1
1) s0 a0 b0 s0 s1 s2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
2) s1 a1 b1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
3) s2 a2 b2 c2 d2 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0