WOLAITA SODDO AGRICULTURAL TVET COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

LEARNING GUIDE ON SUPPORTING LAND SCAPE AND ARBORICULTURE WORK

Competence: SUPPORT LANDSCAPE AND ARBORICULTURE WORK

Upon completion of this competency, trainees will be able to –

• Identify Materials, tools and equipments in landscaping and arboriculture work

 Practice safe techniques of loading and unloading materials

• Use Personal protective equipments (PPE) and OHS in landscaping and

arboriculture work.

 Under take landscaping and arboriculture work

 establish a lawn in landscaping work

 Interactions with other staff and customers

• Practice safe and environmentally appropriate landscaping and arboriculture

work.

• Establish a lawn.

• Establish positive Interactions with other staff and customers

• Handling materials and clean upon completion

 Practice proper materials handling and waste disposal

• Maintain a clean and safe work site

 Contents of the Competence

LO1. Preparing materials, tools and equipment for landscaping and arboriculture work

LO2.Undertaking landscape and arboriculture work as directed

LO3. Providing ground support for tree climbers

LO4. Receiving and processing tree during operations

LO5. Handling materials and equipment and Cleaning up on completion of work

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 INTRODUCTION

Definition: Landscape is the visible features of an area, including the physical elements of
landforms such as mountains, hills, water bodies, living elements of land cover including
indigenous vegetation, human elements including different forms of land use, buildings and
structures.

Landscaping – refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land,
including living elements such as gardening to create a beautiful environment, natural
element such as landforms, terrain shape and elevation or bodies of water, human elements
such as buildings, fences so on.

Landscape Architecture: is a multi-disciplinary field, incorporating aspects of: botany,

architecture, industrial design, geology and the earth sciences, geography, and ecology. The
practitioner in the profession of landscape architecture is Landscape Architect and their
activities can range from the creation of public parks to site planning for campuses and office
parks, from the design of residential estates to the design of civil infrastructure and the
management of large wilderness areas or reclamation of degraded landscapes.

Landscape Architect – “The Landscaping Expert”

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 Objectives of landscape work: -
 To protect the conservation values of the recommended areas.
 To protect natural environmental processes, maintain biodiversity and protect
natural resources of soil, water, flora and fauna.
 To provide recreational area to give aesthetic value.

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  Landscape Gardening: the arrangement of trees, shrubs, climbers, and various other
plants together with the building of walks, artificial and natural features for the use of
humanity.
 Arboriculture is the management and care of amenity trees in the general community
 An arborist is a professional in the practice of arboriculture; generally focus on the
health and safety of individual plants and trees, rather than managing the whole
forests.
Arborist – “The Tree Specialist”

Arboriculture work can involve:

 Producing and planting of amenity trees and shrubs, and
 Maintaining their health by pruning, thinning and tree surgery operations
 Designing, implementing and managing landscaping schemes is a major part of an
arboriculture work.
Why we need arborist

Trees in urban landscape settings are often subject to disturbances, whether human or
natural, both above and below ground. They may require care to improve their chances of
survival following damage from either biotic or abiotic causes. Arborists can provide
appropriate solutions, such as pruning trees
 For health and good structure

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  For aesthetic reasons, and
 To keep them away from wires, fences and buildings

Information Sheet-1. Preparing Materials, Tools and Equipment for

Landscaping and Arboriculture Work

1.1 Prepare Materials, Tools and Equipment for Landscaping and Arboriculture Work

Materials and tools required for landscaping works are listed below:

 Levelling equipments: used to level out the land, includes water level, string lines,
ranging poles, rakes, digging tools, etc…
 Wheelbarrow: used to transport planting materials for the lawn and other necessary
equipments and materials.
 Concrete mixer:
 Tape meter: used to measure distance between two points
 Marking gauges: used for marking paths and area divisions in the landscaping design.
 Spades, shovels, chisels, hammers, nails, saws
 Metal files, sanding blocks, paint brushes, trowels and seeding equipment.

Tools, equipment and machinery in arboriculture include:

 Ropes, safety lines, safety harness, saddle, lanyard;

 Tree climbing spurs (spikes), karabiners, rope grabs, pole belts and other climbing
gears, chipper;

 Small chain saw and appropriate maintenance equipment:

 Ladder, hand saws secateurs and vehicle for loading and removing pruning.

1.2. Checking the Materials, Tools and Equipment

Checking all materials, tools, and equipment before and after each activity and insufficient or
faulty items should be reported to the supervisor.
A material coordinator is chiefly responsible for the acquisition and inventory
management of materials required for the work. Materials coordinators can assume

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 different duties and sometimes-different titles based on the type of work. These duties
may also require different education or experience backgrounds depending on the nature
of the acquired materials.

1.3. Techniques of Loading and Unloading Materials

1.3.1. Lifting and handling procedures

 Minimize damage to the load, to the worker and the vehicle by following the following
lifting and handling procedures:
 Check the load to ensure it is within lifting capacity and can safely be handled without
causing injury.
 Ensure the work area is clear of obstructions if the load is to be carried from one place
to another.
 Stand close to the load, one foot behind and the other beside the load.
 Bend knees, grasp the load and lift by straightening the legs.
 Avoid reaching, bending forward to lift, twisting the back or bending sideways.
 Do not try and lift or move objects beyond your capacity—ask for help.
Safety is just as important during loading and unloading materials, as it is during actual
transportation.

1.3.2. Basic Safety Procedures

The following rules apply for loading and unloading hazardous materials:
 Secure packages against shifting within a vehicle during transportation. Securing can
be accomplished through tying, blocking and bracing the load. Secure bottles of
compressed gases to prevent damage to their valves.
 Load packages with orientation marks (up arrow) that the marks remain pointed up.
 Do not allow any smoking or any source of ignition on or near the vehicle when
loading/unloading flammable materials.
 Set the handbrake on the vehicle before loading/unloading.

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 Note: Avoid lifting from the floor whenever possible. If you must lift from the floor, do not
bend at the waist. The techniques shown below help the worker to keep the spine in a safer
position while lifting from the floor.

1.4. Place Rescue Equipment

Place rescue equipment in a pack reserved for rescue purposes only. This part provides first
aid and rescue procedures to use in emergency situations in which a worker is injured.

 First aid: When workers are injured on the job, first aid can reduce the impact of
their injuries, prevent further injuries from occurring, and keep them alive until
help arrives

 Aerial rescue: If a member of your crew is injured while in a tree or aerial lift,
you may need to use aerial-rescue techniques to retrieve the worker so first aid
can be administered.

1.5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) In Landscaping and

Arboriculture Work

PPE is defined as ‘all equipment which are intended to be worn or held by a person at work
and which protects him against one or more risks to his health or safety.
Personal protective equipment as outlined below shall be required where there is reasonable
probability of injury that can be prevented by such equipment and where required by existing
occupational health and safety regulations.
Protective equipment are
 Rubber or leather gloves
 Overalls.

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  Face shields and Face mask
 Ear protectors
 Steel capped safety boots/shoes
 Sunscreen lotion
 Goggles
 Helmets
 Sun hats
1.6. OHS Requirements and Workplace Information for Landscaping
And Arboriculture Works
Safety in work place: is an effort to prevent work place accidents and injuries. It includes:-
 Use of personal protective equipment/device and clothing
 Preparing and knowing appropriate application of first aid materials.
 Safe work procedures (including required actions relating to fire, manual handling
including shifting, lifting and carrying)
 Working ethics
 Organizing working tools and equipment
 Well knowing of all tools and equipment manual
 All safety precaution must be observed
 Elimination of hazardous materials and substances
Workplace Information
Information is a critical resource and powerful competitive tool for any organization. The
increasing amount of data available to managers presents a new challenge – isolating the
relevant information and turning it into intelligence.
1.7. Identifying OHS Hazard and Reporting

What is occupational health and safety?

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a discipline dealing with the prevention of work-related
injuries and diseases as well as the protection and promotion of the health of workers. It aims at
the improvement of working conditions and environment.

1.7.1. Hazard identification

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 Hazard- a situation at the workplace capable of causing harm (i.e. capable of causing personal
injury, occupationally related disease or death).
Risk: the chance of a hazard actually causing injury or disease.
Risk Management: the overall process of risk identification, risk analysis, control of risks and
risk evaluation.

Hazard Identification is a process used to identify all possible situations where people may be
exposed to injury, illness or disease, the type of injury or illness that may result from these
and the way in which work is organized and managed. It is the first part of a risk management
strategy in Occupational Health & Safety Management System (OHSMS).
Each staff member has a responsibility to their colleagues and their organization to report
and act upon any potential workplace hazard. All staff needs to be aware of the type of
hazards that are possible in their work environment.

Procedure:
 Identify the hazard
 Clear the area close to the hazard
 Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people from
harm
 If the hazard is easily and safely cleared, then do so
If not…
 Report the hazard to the appropriate person, to obtain assistance
 Following clearing of the hazard, fill out the correct documentation to assist in
identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of hazards.

1.7.2. Types of OHS Hazards

Many kinds of hazards are found in workplaces.

 Chemical hazards are substances that can harm people’s health when they are
breathed in or absorbed through the skin, or when they irritate the skin like hazardous
substances.
 Physical hazards include electricity, noise, temperature, dust, radiation and vibration,
sharp hand tools and equipment, holes, trenches, slippery and uneven surfaces
 Biological hazards such as infectious diseases can also be present in workplaces
caused by air and soil-borne microorganisms.
 Psychological stress can result from workplace violence, bullying, threats or
intimidation.
 Ergonomic hazard such as the heat of work bench, the shape of a vehicle seat and the
length of a control lever,
 Radiation hazard includes radio actives materials.

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 1.7.3. OHS Hazards In Arboriculture Works
 The climbing team must perform a thorough tree hazard assessment before any tree is
climbed. Remember, no tree is worth a human life.
 Arboriculture Hazards are generally grouped into two categories:
 Environmental hazards and
 Tree hazards
A. Environmental Hazards: Never climb a tree under any of the following conditions.
 The wind speed exceeds 25 mph or the wind is blowing in gusts.
 If it is not fully daylight.
 If air T0 is low enough to create an unsafe condition in your judgment.
 If a lightning storm is close.
 If a rainstorm is about to happen. Wet branches are slippery. .
B. Tree Hazards: The following hazards may prevent a tree from being climbed
 Decay or rot, dead branches, cankers ,cracks and suspended materials such as
branches
 Interlocking branches or power lines, either within or close to the crown
 Forked boles and spiked top
 Root problems. Trees with root problems may fall without warning for any number/
reasons
 Animals in the tree. Even small chipmunks can cause enough commotion to startle a
climber and create a hazardous situation.
 Large birds nesting in the tree. Be cautious of birds nesting in the tree that is being
climbed or in nearby trees. Even small nesting birds can create hazardous situations
when they are threatened.
C. Other hazards
I. Chainsaw hazards
Many serious and fatal injuries in the tree-care industry have involved chainsaws and other
power saws. Before operating a chainsaw, make sure you understand the basic operating
principles and techniques.
The three main hazards you face when using a chainsaw are:

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  Cuts:
 The most serious cuts result from kickback. A saw can kick back with surprising
force in less than a second, leaving no time to react If you are poorly positioned,
resulting injuries can be severe.
 Noise
 Vibration
 Over time, chainsaw vibration can cause circulatory problems in your fingers.
This can lead to a condition called white finger disease or Raynaud's syndrome.
This condition causes the fingers to turn white and lose feeling when exposed to
cold or vibration.
II. Electrical hazards
Many workers, including certified utility arborists, have been injured or died as a result of
electrical contact. If you work around electrical conductors, you need to know how electricity
works and how to work safely near it.

If anything touches a high-voltage power line or I f a power line falls on the ground, electricity
will flow to the ground, energizing the tree or equipment and anything in contact with it. The
surrounding ground may be extremely hazardous.

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 Information Sheet-2 Undertaking Landscape and Arboriculture Works
2.1 Main Considerations in Organizing Landscape Gardening Work

 Lawn
A lawn is a garden carpet for a landscape. Lawn can be defined as a piece of land with
perennial grasses, having perfect level, evergreen, absence of weeds and properly cut. It is a
basic feature for any type of garden. A lawn provides a perfect setting for flower bed, a border,
a shrub or tree. Besides the material value, a lawn has its spiritual value too.

 Site and soil

Few points to consider in selecting a site for lawn:

 Grass do not grow under shade therefore, a site should receive full sunshine.
 Most grasses do not grow well under the drip of large trees. It is desirable no big
trees should exist at the site.
 In a poorly drained soil, the grass will perish, it is desirable to have a fertile
loamy soils containing enough humus, little acidic (PH 5.5 - 6).
 Land Leveling
The site should be thoroughly leveled with spade, pebbles and weeds are handpicked.
The soil is rolled with a roller. Weeds especially nut grass should not be allowed to
grow and should be removed with roots for at least 2 to 3 times.

2.2. Establish A Lawn In Landscaping Work:

A lawn provides a perfect setting for flower bed, a border, a shrub or tree. Besides the
material value, a lawn has its spiritual value too.

 Where irrigation facilities exist, a lawn can be laid out at any time during the year.
Methods for Establishing a Lawn
A) Seed sowing - Planting suitable grass species using its seeds.

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 B) Dibbling: when the land is ready, well matured grass cutting is obtained from a close cut
lawn scraping.
 The roots or grass thus obtained are dibbled in the ground when it is slightly
moist at 7 – 10cm apart.

C) Turfing: is a piece of earth of about 5 cm thicknesses with grass thickly grown over it.
 The pieces may be of small squares or in rolls of small squares or in rolls of
small width. These should be laid closely to each other in the already prepared
land/ground.

D) Turf plastering: is a paste prepared by mixing garden soil, fresh cow dung and water;
bits of chopped up fresh roots and ash. Then apply uniformly on the ground that is
leveled and moist.

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 2.2. Prepare for Ground Support Operations of Landscape and Arboriculture

2.2.1 Receive and clarify Instructions for ground support operations

Instructions: are statement of command, a spoken or written statement of what must be

done, especially delivered formally, with official authority, or as an order. Effective
Instructional communication means to give and receive accurate, timely and relevant
information and encourage opportunities for feedback. In ground support operations, there
are informal methods of Instructions, such as conversations between workers, and formal
methods such as memos from the management. These different methods allow information to
reach the right people and help ground support operations towards its goals.

2.2.2 Identify OHS hazards

Any number of hazards may prevent a tree from being climbed. The climbing team must
perform a thorough potential tree hazard assessment before any tree is climbed.

2.2.3 Select appropriate Tools, equipment and machinery for arboriculture work

Select appropriate tools, maintenance equipment (ladder, hand saws secateurs, elevating plat
form (EWP) and vehicle for loading and removing pruning.
In general the tools and equipment have different use so; Workers should also be trained and
competent in the following areas as they apply to their work:
 Safe use and maintenance of chainsaws, pruning tools and winching equipment
 Tree Climbing, Pruning, dismantling and felling techniques
 Emergency procedures for Tree an EWP aerial rescue
 Rigging and rigging equipment
 Use inspection and maintenance and storage of personal protective equipment
 Use and identification of specialist arboricultural climbing equipment, handling,
maintenance and storage
2.2.4 Carry out pre-operational and safety checks on tools, equipment and machinery

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  Operational considerations: Every employer shall
 Nominate a competent person to be in charge of each operation.
 Exercise such supervisions will ensure that work is performed in a safe manner
at all times
 Also ensure that all workers are properly instructed and trained in the work
they are required to perform and the dangers or hazards involved in each
operation.

 Safety checks on tools, equipment and machinery :No tools shall be used unless it
is:
 Properly maintained in a sound and safe condition and inspected at least daily
 Suitable for the operation in capacity and design
 Operated by a competent person (or person training under adequate
supervision)
 Where appropriate, equipped with brakes that are capable of holding the
machine

2.3 Maintain a Clear Work Site during Operations of Landscape and Arboriculture

2.3.1Keep away persons not involved in the work and keep drop zone free of debris
 Preparing Drop Zone
The drop zone is calculated by establishing a radius in which tree pruning are expected to fall
and adding a safety margin. The drop zone may be marked out by witches hats, signs and
barriers.
 Exclusion Zone
An exclusion zone is the minimum distance from the trees which are going to be managed
such as pruning, cutting etc… Exclusion zones are designed to keep people, vehicles and
operating plant out of harm's way and away from the risk of sustaining tree pruning, cutting
etc. Any branches from trees being cut must also be controlled to prevent them from coming
within the exclusion zone.

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 Utility arborists must consider two variables when establishing a hazard area:
 The distance that the hazard area will extend outward from the base of the tree:
(a minimum of either 11/2 or 2 times the length of the piece being removed (see below)

 The direction from the base of the tree : either a semicircle (180° or less) or a complete
circle (360°) around the tree

2.3.2. Care, cleaning, and store tools and equipment clear of debris and the drop zone
 Care of Rope and webbing
 New rope and webbing should never be washed, rinsed, or soaked before initial use
because of the naturally slippery quality that makes it soft and supple. Washing
a new rope tends to remove the natural slipperiness, causing it to become dry
and brittle, thereby shortening its life
 Proper storage maximizes a rope’s and webbing useful life.

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  Store rope and webbing in a cool, dark, dry place. Exposure to direct sunlight
rapidly deteriorates rope fibers
 Rope should only be washed when very dirty
 Care of Ladders
 Store ladders indoors in a dry location, either on a flat surface or standing nearly
vertical with no weight on the span.
 Before each use, inspect ladders for defective parts and for cuts, dents, bends, or
burrs on the rungs and rails.
 Inspect all screws to ensure that they are securely tightened before use

Information Sheet 3. Provide Ground Support for Tree Climbers Operation

3.1 Maintain Effective Communication with Climbers at All Times
 Raise and lower equipment using safe working procedures
 Ensure karabiners are loaded correctly
 Inspect karabiners carefully and maintain before and after use
 Inspect wooden ladders regularly for loose or cracked rungs or stile
 Using climbing irons: the climber should be secured to the tree with a climbing
rope and/or a lanyard
 Inspection: Climbers should check all equipment for excessive wear, damage or
defects before use.
 Perform rope handling techniques

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 Information Sheet 4. Receive and Process Tree Pruning Operations

4.1 Tree Pruning

Pruning is removing branches (or occasionally roots), or shortening branches or leaders on
tree. The objective of pruning is to produce strong, healthy, attractive plants. The main
reasons for pruning ornamental and shade trees include safety, health, and aesthetics. In
addition, pruning can be used to stimulate fruit production and increase the value of timber.
 Pruning for safety involves removing branches that could fall and cause injury or
property damage, trimming branches that interfere with lines of sight on streets or
driveways, and removing branches that grow into utility lines..
 Pruning for health involves removing diseased or insect-infested wood, thinning the
crown to increase airflow and reduce some pest problems, and removing crossing and
rubbing branches.
 Pruning for aesthetics involves enhancing the natural form and character of trees or
stimulating flower production.

4.2. Methods/ Approaches of Pruning

Producing strong structure should be the emphasis when pruning young trees. As trees
mature, the aim of pruning will shift to maintaining tree structure, form, health and
appearance. Proper pruning cuts are made at a node, the point at which one branch or twig
attaches to another. The most common types of pruning are:
I. Crown Thinning: is the selective removal of branches to increase light penetration
and air movement throughout the crown of a tree. The intent is to maintain or
develop a tree's structure and form.
II. Crown Raising is the practice of removing branches from the bottom of the crown
of a tree to provide clearance for pedestrians, vehicles, buildings, lines of site, or to
develop a clear stem for timber production..
III. Crown Reduction pruning: it is most often used when a tree has grown too large
for its permitted space. This method, sometimes called drop crotch pruning, is
preferred to topping because it results in a more natural appearance, increases the
time before pruning is needed again, and minimizes stress.

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 4.3. Undertaking Landscape and Arboriculture Work in a Safe and Environmentally
Appropriate Manner

Landscaping and arboriculture work is undertaken in a safe and environmentally appropriate

manner according to OHS requirements, Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), enterprise
policy and procedures, specifications, manufacturers’ instructions, or verbal directions from
manager or supervisor.

Environmental protection: is a practice of protecting the environment on individual,

organizational or governmental level, for the benefit of the natural environment and/or
humans. Due to the pressures of population and our technology the biophysical environment
is being degraded. It is needed due to various human activities. Waste, pollution, loss of
biodiversity, introduction of invasive species, release of genetically modified organisms and
toxics are some of the issues relating to environmental protection.

Environmental protection measures: may relate to hygiene of the area, relevant national,
State and local legislation and regulations (on which we have to act upon to work in harmony
with environment).

4.4 Interactions with other Staff and Customers (Communication)

 Must be carried out in a positive and professional manner.

Communication has been variously defined as the passing of information, the exchange of
ideas, or the process of establishing a commonness or oneness of thought between a sender
and receiver. This definition suggests that for communication to occur there must be some
common thinking between two parties and information must be passed from one person to
another. This may include technical report writing, use of telephone, notice board, personal
communication and using other communication facilities, which may include verbal and non-
verbal language, constructive feedback, active listening, questioning to clarify and confirm
understanding.

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 Information Sheet 5. Handling Materials and Clean Upon Completion of
Landscaping Work
5.1 Proper Materials Handling and Waste Disposal

Checks are conducted on all materials, tools and equipment’s with insufficient or faulty items
reported immediately to the supervisor.
Demonstrate correct manual handling, and minimize damage to the load and the vehicle.
Proper handling of materials in landscape work reduces the risks of musculoskeletal
disorders. So follow the following procedures in lifting and handling materials.

Procedures in lifting and handling materials

 Check the load to ensure it is within lifting capacity and can safely be handled without
causing injury from strain, sharp edges, splinters or other conditions.
 Ensure the work area is clear of obstructions if the load is to be carried from one place
to another.
 Stand close to the load with, one foot behind and the other beside the load.
 Bend knees, grasp the load and lift by straightening the legs.
 Avoid reaching, bending forward to lift, twisting the back or bending sideways.

 Do not try and lift or move objects beyond your capacity—ask for help. Waste materials
and debris produced during landscape work is stored in a designated area. Plant debris,
litter and broken components, mulches, compost, plastics, metal, paper based materials;
these may be recycled, re-used, returned to the manufacturer, or disposed of according to
enterprise work procedure. Hand tools and equipment are returned to store or disposed if
disposable according to OHS requirements.

5.2. Maintain A Clean And Safe Work Site While Undertaking Landscaping And
Arboriculture Activities
Procedures in keeping a clean landscape site
 Paths are swept and cleaned,
 Planted areas are checked to ensure they are well presented,
 Damaged turf is replaced/ re sown,
 Disturbed areas are repaired,
 All materials, debris, tools and equipment are removed from site,
 Damaged plants are pruned or replaced,
 Other signs of disturbance or damage are corrected.
 Support construction of landscape features including paths, paving, retaining walls,
site structures and furniture, planted areas and irrigation systems.

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  Support maintenance of landscape features including watering, weeding, staking,
repairing, painting, and cleaning.

5.3. Maintaining and Cleaning Tools and Equipment

I. Cleaning Tools by Washing or Polishing
Tools should be cleaned after each use. Doing so keeps diseases, fungi, insect eggs, and weed
seeds from being unwittingly spread around the garden. Cleaning also extends the life of a
tool by removing moisture-laden, rust enhancing soil from steel surfaces.

Fig.1. washing soil and grime from tools with a steady spray of water

II. Removing Rust

Extremely rusty tools require special attention. Use a sheet of 80-grit sandpaper to remove
light coatings of rust. For a slightly heavier coat, a stiff wire brush can be effective.

Fig.3 Sandpaper makes away a light coating of rust.

Fig.4 Use a wire brush to remove a layer of Fig.5 For a very heavy coat of rust, use a
rust. drill with a wire brush attachment.

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 III. Apply Oil To Prevent Rust

Even after washing and drying, steel tool heads are still susceptible to rust when exposed to
oxygen. So, considering the high cost of quality gardening tools, it just makes sense to keep
rusting to a minimum. Motor oil is inexpensive and effective rust preventer. When applied to
steel surfaces, the oil insulates the steel and prevents it from oxidizing.

Fig.2. Oil creates a barrier between the air and the steel.

IV. Sharpen Tools For Peak Efficiency

Sharpening tools is a slightly more complicated procedure than removing rust. Some tools like
shovels, axes, hoes, and trowels are best sharpened with a hand file, while other tools like
pruning shears and knives call for a honing stone. Depending on how dull an edge is, some
tools may require a session with a high-speed grinding stone.

Self-Check/Individual Assignment

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 Name: _________________________ ID No: _______________ sec. ______

Directions: Answer all the questions listed below.

1. Who is an arborist? And mention the work in arboriculture?

2. Arborists can provide appropriate solutions for the survival of trees in urban
disturbed area, such as pruning trees. Mention some of the conditions pruning
improves tree landscape?

3. List at least 5 tools & equipment that we use in landscape & arboriculture work
with brief description of their use?

4. List down the lifting and handling procedures that can minimize damage to the
load, to the worker and the vehicle.

5. Mention the important safety that we consider in landscape & arboriculture work
place?

6. Describe environmental and tree hazards in arboriculture work?

7. What is lawn? And write some of the consideration we have to see in selecting a site
for lawn?
8. Describe briefly the different methods of establishing a lawn in a garden?

9. What is pruning? And describe the main reasons for pruning ornamental and shade
trees.

10. Describe briefly the procedures in keeping a clean landscape site?

OPERATION SHEET
PRACTICE SUPPORT LANDSCAPE AND ARBORICULTURE WORKS
Name:________________________________________Id.No___________Sec__________

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 1. Identify materials, tools and equipment required for Landscaping and
Arboriculture works.

2. Identify and list problems associated with landscaping works in the

college.

3. Recommend possible solutions for the Landscaping problems.

4. Identify and list arboricultural hazards in the college. (Tree and Electrical
Hazards)

5. Give solutions for identified Arboricultural hazards.

6. Apply waste management methods for the wastes found in the college.

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