2024/1/28 17:38 所需的导航性能 - 维基百科 --- Required navigation performance - Wikipedia

Required navigation performance

所需的导航性能

Required navigation performance (RNP) is a type of performance-based navigation (PBN)

that allows an aircraft to fly a specific path between two 3D-defined points in space.
所需导航性能 (RNP) 是一种基于性能的导航 (PBN)，允许飞机在空间中两个 3D 定义点之间的特定
路径上飞行。

Navigation precision 导航精度

Area navigation (RNAV) and RNP systems are fundamentally similar. The key difference between
them is the requirement for on-board performance monitoring and alerting.
区域导航 (RNAV) 和 RNP 系统基本相似。它们之间的主要区别在于对机载性能监控和警报的要求。

A navigation specification that includes a requirement for on-board navigation performance

monitoring and alerting is referred to as an RNP specification. One not having such a requirement
is referred to as an RNAV specification.
包括机载导航性能监控和警报要求的导航规范称为 RNP 规范。没有这种要求的规范称为 RNAV 规
范。 RNP-AR 3D approach tracks to Cajamarca,
Perú (above) and La Serena, Chile (below),
demonstrating the benefits of precise lateral
Therefore, if ATC radar monitoring is not provided, safe navigation in respect to terrain shall be and vertical navigation on airports located on
self-monitored by the pilot and RNP shall be used instead of RNAV. mountainous regions
因此，如果不提供ATC雷达监控，则飞行员应自行监控地形的安全导航，并使用RNP代替RNAV。 前往秘鲁卡哈马卡（上图）和智利拉塞雷纳（下
图）的 RNP-AR 3D 进场航迹，展示了山区机场精
RNP also refers to the level of performance required for a specific procedure or a specific block of 确横向和垂直导航的优势
airspace. An RNP of 10 means that a navigation system must be able to calculate its position to
within a circle with a radius of 10 nautical miles.

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2024/1/28 17:38 所需的导航性能 - 维基百科 --- Required navigation performance - Wikipedia

RNP 还指特定程序或特定空域区域所需的性能水平。 RNP 为 10 意味着导航系统必须能够在半径为 10 海里的圆内计算其位置。

An RNP of 0.3 means the aircraft navigation system must be able to calculate its position to within a circle with a radius of 3/10 of a nautical
mile.[1] The differences in these systems are typically a function of on-board navigational system redundancies.
RNP 为 0.3 意味着飞机导航系统必须能够在半径为 3/10 海里的圆内计算其位置。 [1] 这些系统的差异通常是机载导航系统冗余的函数。

A related term is ANP which stands for "actual navigation performance." ANP refers to the current performance of a navigation system while
"RNP" refers to the accuracy required for a given block of airspace or a specific instrument procedure.
一个相关术语是 ANP，它代表“实际导航性能”。 ANP 是指导航系统的当前性能，而“RNP”是指给定空域块或特定仪器程序所需的精度。

Some oceanic airspace has an RNP capability value of 4 or 10. The level of RNP an aircraft is capable of determines the separation required
between aircraft with respect to distance.
某些海洋空域的 RNP 能力值为 4 或 10。飞机能够的 RNP 水平决定了飞机之间所需的距离距离。

Improved accuracy of on-board RNP systems represent a significant advantage to traditional non-radar environments, since the number of
aircraft that can fit into a volume of airspace at any given altitude is a square of the number of required separation; that is to say, the lower the
RNP value, the lower the required distance separation standards, and in general, the more aircraft can fit into a volume of airspace without losing
required separation.
机载 RNP 系统精度的提高比传统非雷达环境具有显着优势，因为在任何给定高度的空域中可容纳的飞机数量是所需间隔数量的平方；也就是说，
RNP值越低，所需的距离间隔标准就越低，一般来说，在不失去所需间隔的情况下，可以容纳更多的飞机进入一定体积的空域。

This is not only a major advantage for air traffic operations, but presents a major cost-savings opportunity for airlines flying over the oceans due
to less restrictive routing and better available altitudes.
这不仅是空中交通运营的一个主要优势，而且由于航线限制较少和可用高度更好，为飞越海洋的航空公司提供了一个重大的成本节约机会。

RNP approaches with RNP values currently down to 0.1 allow aircraft to follow precise three-dimensional curved flight paths through congested
airspace, around noise sensitive areas, or through difficult terrain.[1]
目前 RNP 值低至 0.1 的 RNP 进近允许飞机沿着精确的三维弯曲飞行路径穿过拥挤的空域、噪声敏感区域周围或穿过困难的地形。 [1]

History 历史

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