Marcelino F. Sacay Jr.

N386
Tuesday, 1:30 – 3:30 PM 09463866739

LEARNING TASK FOR LESSON 3.2

A. Measures of Central Tendency

1. In one hour of fishing, nine fishermen caught the following number of tilapias: 7, 4,
8, 6, 5, 8, 10, 7, 8. Find the three measures of central tendency.

Mean:
Σx 7 +4 +8+6+ 5+8+10+7+ 8 63
x= = = =7
n 9 9
Therefore, the mean is 7

Median:
4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 10.
Hence, the median is 7

Mode:
4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 10
There are two modes 7 and 8, since they appear twice and third times, respectively.

2. If the smallest and largest numbers are removed from the set, which of the three
measures of central tendency would decrease? remain the same? increase?
 If we take number 1 above as an example, definitely, the median would remain
the same, since the median is the middle value of the set of observations. Even the
smallest and largest value were removed, the median will still be 7 or any number
that is in the middle. As for the mean when computed, all the values in the data
set with or without the two values (smallest and largest) will also have the same
value of the mean. But with larger values, a significant difference will be seen.
Hence, the mean will decrease. Lastly, both median and mode are not affected by
extreme small or large values in the data set even when removed. Therefore, both
will remain the same.

3. How many fish should a tenth fisherman catch in order to increase the mean by 1?

Σx
x +1=
n
 7+ 4 +8+6+5+ 8+10+7+ 8+ x
7+1=
10
63+ x
8=
10
8(10)=63+ x
80−63=x
X10 = 17
The tenth fisherman should catch 17 fishes.

B. Measures of Relative Position

Suppose the arrayed grades of 40 high school students are as follows:
89 90 80 98 75 87 88 93 79 80
79 83 91 89 84 82 90 95 84 70
92 87 79 77 75 85 90 92 86 76
87 85 81 82 91 93 87 77 76 90

Data in ascending order:

70, 75, 75, 76, 76, 77, 77, 79, 79, 79, 80, 80, 81, 82, 82, 83, 84, 84, 85, 85, 86, 87, 87, 87, 87, 88,
89, 89, 90, 90, 90, 90, 91, 91, 92, 92, 93, 93, 95, 98
1. Find the 1st and 3rd Quartile and interpret the results.

k (n+ 1) k (n+ 1)
Qk = Qk =
4 4
1(40+1) 3(40+ 1)
Q1 = Q3 =
4 4
41 123
Q1 = Q3 =
4 4
Q1 = 10.25 (round off) ≈ 10th Q1 = 30.75(round off) ≈ 31th
Therefore, Q1 = 79 and Q3 = 90.

Interpretation:
1. Q1 = 79 implies that one – fourth or 25% of the grades fall below 79.
2. Q3 = 90 implies that three – fourth or 75% of the grades fall below 90.
 2. Find the 50th and 75th Percentile and interpret the results

70, 75, 75, 76, 76, 77, 77, 79, 79, 79, 80, 80, 81, 82, 82, 83, 84, 84, 85, 85, 86, 87, 87, 87,
87, 88, 89, 89, 90, 90, 90, 90, 91, 91, 92, 92, 93, 93, 95, 98
20.5th
th
30
k k
L= xn L= xn
100 100
50 75
L= x 40 L= x 40
100 100
L=20 L=30
Therefore, the 75th percentile is the value between the 30th and 31th observation, and it is
90.

Interpretation:
1. Seventy-fifth or 75% of the grades fall below 90; or
2. Twenty-fifth or 25% of the grades are above 90

3. Find the 38th Percentile and interpret the data.

38
L= x 40 = 15.2 (Round off) ≈ 15th
100
Therefore, the 38th Percentile is the value of 15th observation.
70, 75, 75, 76, 76, 77, 77, 79, 79, 79, 80, 80, 81, 82, 82, 83, 84, 84, 85, 85, 86, 87, 87, 87, 87, 88,
89, 89, 90, 90, 90, 90, 91, 91, 92, 92, 93, 93, 95, 98
15th
Interpretation:
1. Thirty-eighth or 38% of the grades fall below 82; or
2. Sixty-second or 62% of the grades are above 82

C. Common Measure of Variations

The following scores were obtained from a 15 – item test in English.

Boys – 9, 10, 13, 6, 10, 7, 9, 10, 8
Girls – 9, 7, 5, 12, 3, 8, 10, 2, 8, 10, 14, 7
Whole Class - 9, 10, 13, 6, 10, 7, 9, 10, 8, 9, 7, 5, 12, 3, 8, 10, 2, 8, 10, 14, 7

Find the range, absolute deviation, variance, and standard deviation.

 1. For the boys
2. For the girls
3. For the whole class

 Range.
Rboys = 13 – 6 = 7
Rgirls = 14 – 2 = 12
Rwc = 14 – 2 = 12

 Absolute Deviation
Boy’s Scores |x - mean| Girl’s Scores |x - mean| Whole Class’ |x - mean|
(x) (x) Scores (x)
6 3.11111 2 5.91667 2 6.42857
7 2.11111 3 4.91667 3 5.42857
8 1.11111 5 2.91667 5 3.42857
9 0.11111 7 0.91667 6 2.42857
9 0.11111 7 0.91667 7 1.42857
10 0.88889 8 0.08333 7 1.42857
10 0.88889 8 0.08333 7 1.42857
10 0.88889 9 1.08333 8 0.42857
13 3.88889 10 2.08333 8 0.42857
10 2.08333 8 0.42857
12 4.08333 9 0.57143
14 6.08333 9 0.57143
9 0.57143
10 1.57143
10 1.57143
10 1.57143
10 1.57143
10 1.57143
12 3.57143
13 4.57143
14 5.57143

Σx 82 Σ∨x−mean∨¿ Σx 95 Σ∨x−mean∨¿ Σx 177 Σ∨x−mean∨¿

Σx= = Σx= = Σx= =
n 9 = 13.11111 n 12 = 31.1666 n 21 = 46.57143
¿ 9.11111 ¿ 7.9 1667 ¿ 8.4 2857
 ¿ ¿
ADboys = Σ∨x−mean∨ n ¿ ADgirls = Σ∨x−mean∨ n ¿ ADwc =
Σ∨x−mean∨ ¿ ¿
n
13.11111 31.1666 4 6.57143
ADboys = =1.46 ADgirls= =2.60 ADwc= =
9 12 21
2.22

 Variance and Standard Deviation

BOYS
Computing the mean.
Σx 82
Σx= = =9.11
n 9
Boy’s Scores (x) x-x (x−x )2
6 -3.11 9.6721
7 -2.11 4.4521
8 -1.11 1.2321
9 -0.11 0.0121
9 -0.11 0.0121
10 0.89 0.7921
10 0.89 0.7921
10 0.89 0.7921
13 3.89 15.1321

Σx=82 Σ(x−x ) = 0.001 ≈ 0 Σ(x−x )2 = 32.8889

2
Σ (x−x) 32.8889
s2 ¿ =
9−1
= 4.1111125 ≈ 4.11
n−1
s¿ √ 4.1111125 = 2.027587853 ≈ 2.03
Therefore, the variance is 4.11 and the standard deviation is 2.03.
GIRLS
Computing the mean.
Σx 95
Σx= = =7.9 1667
n 12
 Girl’s Scores (x) x-x (x−x )2
2 -5.91667 35.00698
3 -4.91667 24.17364
5 -2.91667 8.50696
7 -0.91667 0.84028
7 -0.91667 0.84028
8 0.08333 0.00694
8 0.08333 0.00694
9 1.08333 1.17360
10 2.08333 4.34026
10 2.08333 4.34026
12 4.08333 16.67358
14 6.08333 37.00690

Σx 95 Σ ¿) Σ(x−x )2 = 132.91662
Σx= =
n 12 = 0.00004 ≈ 0
¿ 7.9 1667

2
Σ (x−x) 132.91662
2
s ¿ =
12−1
= 12.08332909 ≈ 12.08
n−1
s¿ √ 12.08332909 = 3.476108326 ≈ 3.48
Therefore, the variance is 12.08 and the standard deviation is 3.48.
WHOLE CLASS
Computing the mean.
Σx 177
Σx= = =8.4 2857
n 21
Whole Class’ Scores (x) x-x (x−x )2
2 -6.42857 41.32651
3 -5.42857 29.46937
5 -3.42857 11.75509
6 -2.42857 5.89795
7 -1.42857 2.04081
7 -1.42857 2.04081
7 -1.42857 2.04081
8 -0.42857 0.18367
8 -0.42857 0.18367
8 -0.42857 0.18367
9 0.57143 0.32653
9 0.57143 0.32653
9 0.57143 0.32653
 10 1.57143 2.46939
10 1.57143 2.46939
10 1.57143 2.46939
10 1.57143 2.46939
10 1.57143 2.46939
12 3.57143 12.75511
13 4.57143 20.89797
14 5.57143 31.04083

Σx 177 Σ(x−mean) Σ(x−x )2 = 173.14281

Σx= =
n 21 = 0.00003 ≈ 0
¿ 8.4 2857

2
Σ (x−x) 173.14281
2
s ¿ =
21−1
= 8.6571405 ≈ 8.66
n−1
s¿ √ 8.6571405 = 2.942301905 ≈ 2.94
Therefore, the variance is 8.66 and the standard deviation is 2.94.