What’s inside an electric car

Prof. Dr. Pavol Bauer, Delft University of Technology

 Key parts of an electric car
Transmission
Electric Motor

Traction
Motor Battery bank
drive
Charger port
Battery On-board
converter charger Auxiliary battery
Key parts of an electric car
Charging port + connector + cable

Charger port
Charging port + connector + cable
 Power
Onboard charger + flow i2
i1
+ +
V1 V2
_ _

control signals

On-board
charger
 Direct Current (DC)
Onboard charger

Alternating Current (AC)

Traction battery bank

Traction
Battery bank
 • Battery management system
Traction battery bank • Typically 10-100 kWh
Battery types

• Lead acid Weight of 20kWh battery

• Nickel based: NiMH, NiCd Lead acid 550 kg
• Lithium based : Nickel Cadmium 500 kg
• Lithium-ion (Li-ion) and Nickel Metal Hydride 350 kg
• Lithium-polymer (Li-poly) Lithium Ion 180 kg
 Power
Battery power converter i1 + flow i2
+ +
V1 V2
_ _

control signals

Battery
converter
Battery power converter
 Motor drive

Motor
drive
 Bidirectional:
Motor drive 1. Driving mode
2. Regenerative braking mode
 Transmission
Electric Motor

Electric traction Motor/Generator +

Transmission
Electric Motor/Generator + Transmission
Commonly used electric motor types
Key parts battery
Auxiliary of EV

Power
electronic
controller

Auxiliary battery
Electric car: Power flow
Electric car: Power flow

12V/48V
Auxiliary supply
Uni-directional
converter for Uni-directional
charging converter for
auxiliary
1 or 3
Phase AC
Supply
Electric car: Power flow

Onboard
charger
Electric car: Power flow

Onboard
charger
Electric car: Power flow
What’s inside an electric car
Prof. Dr. Pavol Bauer, Delft University of Technology