Demography

and Migration
ANGELICA LAZARO
DSA - CSSD
 What is Demography
The study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which
illustrate the changing structure of human populations. It deals with fertility, mortality,
marriage, migration, and social mobility. All of this is connected to social, economic,
culture, and any other field. For example, let us look at how children view in different field:
• In religious, they see children as a gift, a symbol of successful union
• In culture, they see children as the successor to the next generation, a kinship network.
• In economic, they see children as critical investments
Economically
 Overpopulation
As Thomas Malthus argued that although population grows geometrically (from 2 to 4 to 8 to 16 and so
forth), the food supply increases only arithmetically (from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 and so on). This meant, he
claimed, that if births go unchecked, the population will outstrip its food supply. And Paul R. Ehrlich and
his wife wrote The Population Bomb, which argued that overpopulation will bring food shortage and
mass starvation.
The following are some remedies in overpopulation:
• Chemical castration
• Monetary incentives
• Institution-building
Ex. Department of Population and Environment
• Policy-oriented
Taxing on additional child and luxury taxes on child-related products
Family Planning
Economy and Population
Population growth aided economic development by spurring technological
and institutional innovation and increasing the supply of human ingenuity.
And noted that these megacities have become and continue to be centers of
economic growth and activity, but also clusters in which income disparities
along with transportation, housing, air pollution, and waste management are
major problems.
 Women and Reproductive Rights
● Women must have control over their bodies
● The more educated a woman is, the better are
her prospects of improving her economic
position.
● The health of the mother and child comes first.
As the United Nations Population Fund
latest transformative goals,
✔ Zero Maternal Mortality
✔ Zero unmeet need for modern family
planning, and

✔ Zero Gender-based violence and other

● Feminist perspective harmful practices
◦ ➢ Against any form of population control because
they are compulsory by nature
◦ ➢ Unequal distribution of wealth, universal health
care, education, and gender equality
Population growth and food security
Food sovereignty and Food security

● Food sovereignty

➢ The right of peoples, communities, and countries to determine their own production system
related to agricultural labor, fishing, food and land, and associated policies which are ecologically,
socially, economically, and culturally appropriate to their unique circumstances

● Food security

➢ Providing food that is available at all times, that all persons have the means to access to it, that
it is nutritionally adequate in terms of quantity, quality and variety, and that it is acceptable within
the given culture
Population growth and food security
✔ The Food and Agriculture Organization warns that in order for countries to mitigate the impact
of population growth, food production must increase by 70 percent.

✔ Increase investment in agriculture

✔ Long-term policies aimed at fighting poverty

✔ Invest in research and development

✔ Move towards a global trading system that is fair and competitive, and that contributes to a
dependable market for food.
 Tragedy of the commons 1968
Garett Hardin
Focuses on:

1. environmental degradation
2. population growth
3. limited natural resources
4. privatization of land

It is an economic problem in which

individuals try to acquire the greatest
benefits from a given resource.

The value of the resources depleted

because it was overused by humans.
Migration
The movement of people from
one place to another with the
intentions of settling,
permanently or temporarily in
a new location. There are two
types of migrations:
• Internal Migration
• External/International
Migration
Migration
Migration in Cotemporary World
As dualism implied, globalization is also dual, there is positive and negative
effect, migration also produces different and often contradictory responses.
Global interdependence will ensure global migration will continue to be one of
the major issues in the contemporary world.
SALAMAT!