Unit 12

‫ رانةبردووي سادةي بكةر ناديار‬Present simple (passive)

She plays piano . active ‫بكةرديار‬

O + is , am , are + v.p.p
Piano is played . ‫بكةر ناديار‬

‫ لة ثيَشة‬the ‫ بةركار لة رستةدا ديَتة سةرةتاي رستة بةزؤري بةركار وشةي‬Object

‫بةركار لة رستةدا دةكةويَتة دواي فرمان‬

We sit on the sofas .

The sofas are sitted .

‫راناوة بةركارييةكان بريتني لة‬

We = us
You = you
It =it
She = her
He = him
They = them
The paper is ………………… ( write , wrote , written , writes )
The chairs are ……………… ( make , makes , made )
 ‫‪ Is , am , are‬لةطةلَ فرماني سةرةكي ‪ main verb‬نايةن‬
‫)‪The phone ………………. ( is used , are used , is use , are used‬‬
‫’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’‘‬
‫‪Passive present simple‬‬
‫‪ By agent‬لةاليةن‬

‫هةركات لة رستةيةكي كدا ‪ by‬هةبوو ئةوا رستةكة بكةر ناديارةو دةبيَ هةلَبذاردنةكة ‪ p.p‬بيَت‬

‫‪The phone is used by him‬‬

‫) ‪The room is made dirty by …………….. ( he , she , his , them‬‬
‫لةدواي ‪ by‬لةرستةي ‪ passiv‬دةبيَت راناوة بةركارييةكان بةكار بهيَنني‬

‫راناوة بةركارييةكان بريتني لة‬

‫‪We = us‬‬
‫‪You = you‬‬
‫‪It =it‬‬
‫‪She = her‬‬
‫‪He = him‬‬
‫‪They = them‬‬
‫ئةطةر طرنطي بةدةرخستين ناوي كةسةكة بدةين ئةوا رستةي بكةرديار ‪ active‬بةكارديَت بةالَم ئةطةر‬
‫طرنطي بةبةردةوامي بدةين ئةوا بكةرناديار‪ passive‬بةكارديَنني‬

‫’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’‘‬
 ‫ بكةر ناديار لة رابردووي سادة‬Past simple passive
S + v.ed + o + c active ‫بكةر ديار‬

She played foot ball

O + was , were + v. pp
Foot ball was played .
The car ……………. Yesterday .
( are wash , are washed , wash , was washed )

The teacher is kissed by ………… ( he , she , her , they)

‘’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’
 Unit 13
Present perfect continuous ‫رانةبردووي تةواوي بةردةوام‬
S + has , have + been + v.ing + o + c
Been ‫لةم ياسايةدا جيَطرية واتا مةرجة هةبيَت‬

She has been studing English since 1989 .

( since , for ) ‫ بةم دوو وشانة دةناسريَنةوة‬Present perfect continuous ‫هةميشة‬

‫ بةكارديَت لةطةلَ ئةم وشانة‬For

For 40 years
For 2 monthes
For 30 miniute
For 5 hours
For 4 weeks
‫ بةكارديَت لةطةلَ سال مانط رؤذ سةعات دةقة‬a ‫ واتا لةجيات ذمارةكان‬a َ‫ بةكار ديَت لةطةل‬For
‫سةعات‬

‘’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’
‫بةكارديَت لةطةلَ ئةم وشانة‬Since

Since + number
Since 1999
Since weeks day
Since last year
 Month
Weeks
We have been teaching ……………. Ten years
( for , since )
We ……………. For .
(teach , is teach , were teaching , have been teaching , has been teaching)
‫ لةطةلَ ئةم فريزانة بةكارديَت‬Present perfect continuous

All day , all maning , all my life , all year , all month , all week
I ……… all my live . ( work , an working , has been working , have been working )
‫ هاتن‬Present perfect continuous ‫ وةرناطرن ئةطةر لة رستةي‬ing ‫ئةم فرمانانة‬

( have , see , know , like , love be )

It ………… more than 50 years . ( has been knowing , has know , have been
kmowing , have know )
‫بةكارنايةت‬ Present perfect continuous ‫لةطةلَ ذمارة و ضةندييةتي ئةوا‬

I ………………. 6 times ( has been trying , have tried )