BA S IC

PU T IN
C O M
P E R IO D
G
 EARLIEST
CALCULATIONS USED BY
COMPUTERS
1 2 3 4 5
TALLY ABACUS NAPIER’S SLIDE RULE PASCALINE
STICKS BONES

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 EARLIEST
CALCULATIONS USED BY
COMPUTERS
6 7 8 9 10
STEPPED JACQUARD ARITHMOMET DIFFERENCE FIRST
RECKONER LOOM ER ENGINE AND COMPUTER
ANALYTIC PROGRAMME
ENGINE R

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 EARLIEST
CALCULATIONS USED BY
COMPUTERS
11 12 13 14 15
SCHEUTZIAN TABULATING HARVARD Z1 ATANASOFF-
CALCULATIO MACHINE MARK 1 BERRY
N ENGINE COMPUTER
(ABC)

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 EARLIEST
CALCULATIONS USED BY
COMPUTERS
16 17 18 19 20
ENIAC UNIVAC 1 EDVAC FIRST THE FIRST
PORTABLE COMPUTER
COMPUTER COMPANY

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 TALLY STICKS

King Henry I

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 A tally stick was an ancient memory aid device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even messages.
TALLY STICKS
 Tally marks are a great way to visually represent numbers for quick
identification.

TallyPrime provides business management functionalities

including accounting, finance, compliance, inventory, sales,
TALLY PRIME
purchase, point-of-sales, manufacturing, job costing, payroll, and
branch management.

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 ABACUS

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 ABACUS
ABACUS ABACUS Supply chains

It was a wooden rack An abacus is a

which has metal rods with mechanical device used
beads mounted on them. to aid an individual in
The beads were moved by
performing
the abacus operator
according to some rules to mathematical
perform arithmetic calculations.
calculations.

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 NAPIER’S BONES
Napier’s Bones JOHN NAPIER Napier’s Bones

In this calculating tool, he Allowed the operator to

used 9 different ivory strips multiply, divide and calculate
or bones marked with square and cube roots by
moving the rods around and
numbers to multiply and
placing them in specially
divide. So, the tool became constructed boards.
known as "Napier's Bones”.
It was also the first It was also the first machine to
machine to use the use the decimal point.
decimal point.

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 NAPIER’S BONES

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PASCALINE
It could only perform addition
and subtraction. It was a
wooden box with a series of
gears and wheels. When a
wheel is rotated one revolution,
it rotates the neighboring
wheel. A series of windows is
given on the top of the wheels
to read the totals.
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PASCALINE
BLAISE PASCAL PASCALINE
It was invented between by a
French mathematician-
philosopher, Blaise Pascal.
Pascaline is also known as
Arithmetic Machine or
Adding Machine.
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 PASCALINE

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 SLIDE RULE
Slide Rule WILLIAM OUGHTRED Slide Rule
Slide rule, also known as slide • Used primarily for –
ruler or slipstick, is an multiplication – division –
extremely complex ruler that roots – logarithms –
functions as an analog Trigonometry
computer. By sliding various
components of the ruler to • Not normally used for
align with each other, a slide addition or subtraction.
rule can compute products,
roots, logarithms, and the
result of trigonometric
functions.

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 SLIDE RULE

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 STEPPED RECKONER
STEPPED RECKONER Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz STEPPED RECKONER

The machine that

can add, subtract,
multiply and divide
automatically.

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 JACQUARD LOOM
JACQUARD LOOM JOSEPH MARIE
JACQURD
The Jacquard loom is a
mechanical loom, invented
by Joseph-Marie Jacquard.

It is an automatic loom
controlled by punched
cards.

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 ARITHMOMETER

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 ARITHMOMETER
Invented by Thomas De Colmar Thomas de Colmar
• The first reliable, useful and commercially
successful calculating machine.

• The machine could perform the four basic

mathematic function.

• The first mass-produced calculating

machine.

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 DIFFERENCE ENGINE AND
ANALYTIC ENGINE
Invented by Charles Charles Babbage
Babbage
It is an automatic, mechanical
calculator designed to tabulate
polynomial functions.

It is the first mechanical

computer

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 DIFFERENCE ENGINE AND ANALYTIC
ENGINE

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 SCHEUTZIAN CALCULATION
ENGINE
Invented by Per Georg Per Georg Scheutz
Scheutz
Based on Charles Babbage's
difference engine.

Can rapidly calculate and

print multiplication,
division, and
exponentiation in a
logarithmic table.

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 SCHEUTZIAN CALCULATION
ENGINE

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 TABULATING MACHINE
Invented by Herman Herman Hollerith
Hollerith
• To assist in summarizing
information and accounting.

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 TABULATING MACHINE

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 HARVARD MARK 1
Invented by Howard H. Howard H. Aiken
Aiken
• Also known as IBM
Automatic Sequence
Controlled Calculator (ASCC).

• The first electro-mechanical

computer.

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 HARVARD MARK 1

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 Z1
Created by Konrad Zuse Konrad Zuse
1 • The first programmable
computer.

• To program the Z1 required

that the user insert punch tape
into a punch tape reader and
all output was also generated
through punch tape.

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 Z1

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 Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

ABC John Atanasoff Clifford Berry

• It was the first electronic
digital computing device.

• Invented by Professor John

Atanasoff and graduate
student Clifford Berry at Iowa
State University.

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 Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

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 Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer


ENIAC John Presper Eckert John Mauchly
• ENIAC stands for
Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer.

• It was the first electronic

general-purpose computer.

• Developed by John Presper

Eckert and John Mauchly.

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 Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer

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 UNIVERSAL COMPUTER 1
UNIVAC 1 John Presper Eckert John Mauchly
The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal
Automatic Computer 1) was
the first commercial computer.

• Designed by John Presper

Eckert and John Mauchly.

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 UNIVERSAL COMPUTER 1

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 Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer


EDVAC Von Neumann
EDVAC stands for Electronic
Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer

• The First Stored Program

Computer

• Designed by Von Neumann

• It has a memory to hold

both a stored program as well
as data.

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 Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer

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 The First Portable Computer

OSBORNE 1 OSBORNE 1
Osborne 1 – the first portable The Osborne 1 was the first
computer. portable computer.

Released in 1981 by the It came with two built-in

Osborne Computer floppy drives, a detachable full-
Corporation. size keyboard, a built-in
monitor, and the CP/M
operating system, a precursor
and later competitor to MS-
DOS.

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 OSBORNE 1

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 Electronic Controls Company

First Computer Company John Presper Eckert John Mauchly

• The first computer company

was the Electronic Controls
Company.

• Founded in 1949 by John

Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly.

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Augusta Ada Byron
The First Computer Programmer
 PRE-MECHANICAL
PERIOD

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 PRE-MECHANICAL
PERIOD
The pre-mechanical age is the earliest age of information
technology. It can be defined as the time between
3000B.C. and 1450A.D. We are talking about a long time
ago. When humans first started communicating they
would try to use language or simple picture drawings
known as petroglyths which were usually carved in rock.

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 Mechanical Period

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 Mechanical Period
The mechanical age is when we first start to see connections between our
current technology and its ancestors. The mechanical age can be defined as
the time between 1450 and 1840. A lot of new technologies are developed
in this era as there is a large explosion in interest with this area.
Technologies like the slide rule (an analog computer used for multiplying
and dividing) were invented. Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline which was
a very popular mechanical computer. Charles Babbage developed the
difference engine which tabulated polynomial equations using the method
of finite differences.

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 Electromechanical Period

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 Electromechanical
• Now we are finally getting close to some technologies that resemble our modern-day
technology. The electromechanical age can be defined as the time between 1840 and
1940. These are the beginnings of telecommunication. The telegraph was created in
the early 1800s. Morse code was created by Samuel Morse in 1835. The telephone
(one of the most popular forms of communication ever) was created by Alexander
Graham Bell in 1876. The first radio developed by Guglielmo Marconi in 1894. All
of these were extremely crucial emerging technologies that led to big advances in the
information technology field. The first large-scale automatic digital computer in the
United States was the Mark 1 created by Harvard University around 1940. This
computer was 8ft high, 50ft long, 2ft wide, and weighed 5 tons - HUGE. It was
programmed using punch cards. How does your PC match up to this hunk of metal?
It was from huge machines like this that people began to look at downsizing all the
parts to first make them usable by businesses and eventually in your own home.

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 Electronic Period

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 Electronic Period
• The electronic age is what we currently live in. It can be defined as the time between 1940 and right
now. The ENIAC was the first high-speed, digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a
full range of computing problems. This computer was designed to be used by the U.S. Army for
artillery firing tables. This machine was even bigger than the Mark 1 taking up 680 square feet and
weighing 30 tons - HUGE. It mainly used vacuum tubes to do its calculations. There are 4 main
sections of digital computing. The first was the era of vacuum tubes and punch cards like the ENIAC
and Mark 1. Rotating magnetic drums were used for internal storage. The second generation replaced
vacuum tubes with transistors, punch cards were replaced with magnetic tape, and rotating magnetic
drums were replaced by magnetic cores for internal storage. Also during this time high-level
programming languages were created such as FORTRAN and COBOL. The third generation
replaced transistors with integrated circuits, magnetic tape was used throughout all computers, and
magnetic core turned into metal oxide semiconductors. An actual operating system showed up around
this time along with the advanced programming language BASIC. The fourth and latest generation
brought in CPUs (central processing units) which contained memory, logic, and control circuits all on
a single chip. The personal computer was developed (Apple II). The graphi.cal user interface (GUI) was
developed.
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