NBC 2005 Vs 2016

PRESENTATION ON
FIRE & LIFE SAFETY

SYSTEM
ARCHITECTS
NBC 2016
DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd
FIRE & LIFE SAFETY,2016
NBC 2016
FIRE PROTECTION SYTEM - BASICS
NBC 2016
The triangle illustrates a fire requires three elements: heat, fuel, and oxygen . The fire
is prevented or extinguished by removing any one of them. A fire naturally occurs
when the elements are combined in the right mixture.

STANDARDS ADOPTED
NFPA – National Fire Protection Authority
NBC – National Building Code, 2005, Part 4
NBC 2016
NBC – National Building Code, 2016, Part 4
FM – Factory Mutual
BSI – British
Standards
* Though every nation has its own Standards, generally adopted in India are mentioned.

STATUTORY REQUIREMENT
KSFS – Karnataka State Fire & Emergency Service
NBC 2016
Apart from standards & guidelines followed, one should also adhere to the Authority
how is holding the Jurisdiction.
CFO – Chief Fire Officer of respective State/ District, is the authority who directs the
general public, consortium of builders & developers to follow or to adopt certain
requirements which is essential to respective City, District, Town, State.

SCOPE
The provisions of this part are applicable to:
a) All high rise buildings; and
b) Special buildings, those are:
1. Hotel, Educational, institutional, business, mercantile, industrial, storage, hazardous and mixed
occupancies where floor area is more than 500sq.m
2. Educational building having height 9m and above
3. Institutional buildings having height 9m and above
4. All assembly buildings
NBC 2016
5. Buildings with two basements or more or with one basement of area more than 500sq.m

HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
As per National building code of India, all buildings are classified according to the use
or character of occupancy in one of the following groups:
Group A - Residential
Group B - Educational
Group C - Institutional
NBC 2016
Group D - Assembly
Group E - Business
Group F - Mercantile
Group G - Industrial
Group H - Storage
Group J – Hazardous
* NO CHANGE FROM NBC 2005 TO 2016

NBC PARTS
As per National building code of India, is classified into 12 different parts:
Part 01 – Definitions
Part 02 – Administration
Part 03 – Development control Rules and General building requirements
Part 04 – Fire & Life Safety
NBC 2016
Part 05 – Building materials
Part 06 – Structural Design
Part 07 – Construction Management, Practices and Safety
Part 08 – Building Services (HVAC)
Part 09 – Plumbing Services
Part 10 – Landscape development, signs and Outdoor display structures
Part 11 – Approach to sustainability
Part 12 – Asset and Facility management

ADAPTATION OF FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
Fire prevention & Fire fighting provisions, to be incorporated in all High Rise Buildings
(of height 15 meters and above) as stipulated in Part III & Part IV of the National
Building Code (NBC) 2005.
Following Fire prevention, Fire fighting and Life safety measures, as stipulated in NBC
2005, which are required to be adhered
NBC 2016
Following Fire prevention, Fire fighting and Life safety measures, as stipulated in NBC
2005, which are required to be adhered:
A) Width of the Road – A road which abuts a high rise building to be constructed
should be more than 12 meters wide.
B) Strength of Road – The road should be hard surfaced to carry a minimum weight
of 45,000kgs.
C) Entrance width & height clearance – Width of the entrance / exit should not be
less than 6.00 meters. Height clearance of minimum 5.00 meters have to be
maintained over the entry point.

NBC 2005 V/S 2016
Sl. No. NBC 2005 NBC 2016
1 Horizontal Exit A horizontal exit shall be through a fire

- No mention door of 120min rating.
2 Mixed Occupancy The entire building shall be governed
- High hazard area is separated by by the most restrictive provisions of the
walls of 4H rating. code among those applicable for
NBC 2016
individual occupancies.
Each occupancies to be separated by a
240min fire resistance rating.
3 Service ducts Plumbing shaft – 30 min
- Electrical shaft – 2 h
- Plumbing shaft – No mention
4 Refuse chute Refuse chutes, if any provided in a bldg.
- No mention shall have opening at least 1m above
roof level for venting purpose,
enclosure wall shd be 120 min.
5 Standby supply DG shall not be installed at any floor
- No mention other than ground, first basement.
Setbacks or Open spaces
required around each High Rise
building –
NBC 2016
Width & Means of access
NBC 2016
NBC 2016
NBC 2016
OCCUPANT LOAD
Remains Same !!!
The assembly occupancy and
call centers shall be required
to display, limiting occupant
load details positioned in a
conspicuous place, to avoid
possible overcrowding and
overloading.
NBC 2016
FIRE TOWER
Fire tower to be
provided for all type of
developments
NBC 2016
FAÇADE OPENING
For every 10m, one

openable window to be
provided in Glazing.
NBC 2016
GENERAL EXIT REQUIREMENTS
What’s NEW !!!
NBC 2016
ARRANGEMENT OF EXITS
New Inclusion….
NBC 2016
CAPACITIES OF EXIT
Change, but no impact….
NBC 2016
TRAVEL DISTANCE
NO Change…
NBC 2016
DIFFERENT TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
NO Change…
NBC 2016
HORIZONTAL EXITS
Refuge Area – To be provided building of height more than 24m. Refuge area
provided shall be planned to accommodate the occupants of 2 consecutive
floors by considering area of 0.3sq.m per person for the calculated number of
occupants and shall include additionally to accommodate one wheelchair space
of an area of 0.9sq.m for every 200 occupants, portion thereof, based on the
occupant load served by the area of refuge.
NBC 2016
• Signage bearing REFUGE AREA shall be installed having height of letters of
minimum 75mm and also containing information about location.
• Refuge area shall be ventilated and provided with first aid box, fire
extinguishers, public address speakers, fireman talk back and emergency
lighting as well as drinking water.
• Refuge area shall connect to firefighting shaft.
• Entire refuge area shall be provided with sprinklers
• Refuge areas for Apartment buildings of height above 60m, while having
balconies shall be provided with refuge area at 60m and thereafter at every
30m.

INTERNAL STAIRCASES
• No. of Riser per flight is
limited to 12nos
• Lift shall not open in
staircase.
• Scissors type staircases shall
not be treated as part of exit.
NBC 2016
EXTERNAL STAIRCASES
Few change
• Minimum width should be 1.5m
(1500mm).
• If any window openings, doors
exists within 3m from an external
stairs, they shall be fire rated of
60min.
• Any doors leading to occupied
space shall be 120min fire rated.

STAIRCASE PRESSURIZATION
NBC 2016
BASEMENT VENTILATION
Changed….
NBC 2016
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
NBC 2016
GAS SUPPLY
NBC 2016
PUMP ROOM
NBC 2016
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Subdivision A3: Sleeping rooms having occupancy of more than 10 persons
shall have two separate & distinct exits.
Subdivision A4: Naturally ventilated staircases may not require the provision of
fire door.
Subdivision A5: Panic bars shall be provided for all fire exits.
NBC 2016
All guest rooms to have extended throw, quick response sprinklers. Also with
sounder based detector with sound level of 75dB.
EDUCATIONAL BUILDING
Every room with a capacity of over 45 persons shall have two separate
doorways.

INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING
Subdivision C1, HOSPITALS :
• All critical patients, those are incapable of self-preservation and having
physical impairment shall be housed within 30m height.
• Consultation rooms, nurse stations, medical shops, canteens can be housed
above 30m, but not exceeding 45m height.
• Basement shall not be used to store flammables, pathological or
laboratories.
NBC 2016
• Aisles, corridors, ramps through which patients are moved shall be of
minimum 2.4m wide.
• Minimum width of door for,
 Single or double occupancy room – 1.25m
 Wards for 3 to 5 patients – 1.5m
 Wards with more than 5 beds – 2.0m
• A stretcher lift in a lift bank shall also act as fireman’s lift.

ASSEMBLY BUILDING
D6 Occupancy:
Building having D-6 mixed use assembly / mercantile occupancy will limit the height of
the assembly/ mercantile occupancy portion of the building to 30m. Above this height
the buildings may be used for business or residential occupancies with 240min
separation. Independent exits shall be provided for such occupancy above 30m and
shall not interface with exits of assembly / mercantile occupancy.
NBC 2016
D6 Occupancy:
• Rows of seats between aisles shall have
not more than 14seats.
• Rows of seats opening on to an aisle at one
end only shall have not more than 7 seats.
• Refuge area : Refuge area to be provided
on the floor at or immediately above 18m
shall be not less than 10% of gross area of
floor. Next refuge area to be at/on the floor
immediately above 24m.

TABLE - 7
NBC 2016
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
NBC 2016
Standards Adopted
Bureau of Indian
NBC 2016
Standards NBC - 2005 Indian Electricity Act - 2003
National Electrical Code Central Electricity Authority

– 2011

NBC 2016 Vs. NBC 2005- MODIFICATIONS
NBC - 2016 NBC - 2005 REFERENCE NBC
S.NO 2016
1 Baffle Walls between Oil filled Fire rating of baffle wall not Vol 1 , Part -4 ,
Transformers with Oil capacity more mentioned Fire & Life Safety
than 2000 litres to be 4 Hours Fire 3.4.6.3.1
Rated and 600mm above the height
of Transformers
2 In case there is only one Not Mentioned Vol 2 , Part 8 , 4.2
basement in a building, the
substation/switch room shall not be
NBC 2016
provided in the basement. Also, the
floor level of the substation shall not
be lowest point
of the basement.
3 In order to prevent storm water In order to prevent storm water Vol 2 , Part 8 , 4.2
entering the transformer and switch entering the transformer and switch
rooms through the soak- pits, the rooms through the soak-pits, the
floor level of the floor level, the substation shall be at
substation/switch room shall be at least 15 cm above the highest flood
least 300 mm above the highest water level that may be anticipated
flood water level that may be in the locality. Also, facility shall be
Anticipated in the locality. Also, provided for automatic removalof
facility shall be provided for water.
automatic removal of water.

36
S.NO NBC - 2016 NBC - 2005 REFERENCE NBC
2016
4 Substation shall not be located Not Mentioned Vol 2 , Part 8 , 4.2
immediately above or below plumbing
water tanks or sewage treatment plant
(STP) water tanks at the same location.
5 All door openings from substation, All door openings from substation,
electrical rooms, etc, should open electrical rooms, etc. should open
outwards. Vertical shutters (like fire towards outside.
NBC 2016
rated rolling shutters) may also be
acceptable provided they are combined
with a single leaf door opening
outwards for exit in case of emergency.
For large substation room/electrical
room having multiple equipment, two
or more doors shall be provided
which shall be remotely located from
each other.
6 Conditions of supply of electricity Conditions of supply of electricity NBC 2016: Vol 2, Part 8
boards or licensees stipulate the lower boards or licensees stipulate the lower- 3.4.1 Power Factor
limit of power factor which is generally limit of power factor which is generally Improvement.
0.90 or better. 0.85 NBC 2005: Vol 2, 3.4.1,
Part 8 Power Factor
Improvement.

37
S.NO NBC - 2016 NBC - 2005 REFERENCE NBC
2016
7 Cable Route Markers for every 20meters Not Mentioned Vol 2 , Part 8 , 4.7 Maps of
& at turnings / crossings underground network.
8 Lighting Wire Size – 1.5Sq.mm Lighting Wire Size – 1.0 Sq.mm Vol 2 , Part 8 , 5.8
Water Heater (3kW) - 2.5Sq.mm Water Heater (3kW) - 1.5Sq.mm Installation circuits
Water Heater (3 – 6 kW) - 4Sq.mm Water Heater (3 – 6 kW) - 2.5Sq.mm
Free Standing Electric Range – 4Sq.mm Free Standing Electric Range – 6 Sq.mm
NBC 2016
38
GUIDELINES – SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION
SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM : SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM :
Power Generation using solar is made mandatory & Following The following building occupancy types shall
Guide has been suggested to local authority to specify the install solar assisted water heating system
minimum power generation from Solar energy for Various for supplying hot water
housing Facilities
NBC 2016
REF:
Vol 1 , Part -3 Development Control
Rules & General Building
Requirements
Section: 21.2.1

39
GUIDELINES – SOLAR ENERGY UTILIZATION
NBC 2016
REF:
Vol 2 , Part -8, Solar Photovoltaic
Power Generating System

40
NEW GUIDELINES – ALLIED TO FIRE & LIFE SAFETY
EMERGENCY POWER FOR FIRE & LIFE SAFETY SUBSTATION & TRANSFORMERS:
SYSTEM :
• Electrical MV main distribution panel
Power supply to the below systems and equipment and lift panels shall be provided with
shall be from normal and emergency (standby CO2/inert gas flooding system for all
generator) power sources with changeover facility. panel compartments with a cylinder
located beside the panel.
NBC 2016
• All transformers where capacity
exceeds 10 MVA shall be protected by
high velocity water spray systems or
nitrogen injection system.
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM:

• Routing of down conductors (insulated
or un insulated) of lightning
protection through electrical or other
service shafts are not allowed as it
can create fire and explosion during
lightning. For details, see Part 8
REF:
Vol 1 , Part -4 ,
Fire & Life Safety 3.4.6.2

41
NEW GUIDELINES – PLANNING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS
SUBSTATION & SWITCH ROOM:
• In case there is only one basement in a • There shall be no interconnecting

building, the substation/switch room shall not be basement with the main building
provided in the basement. Also, the floor level of underneath the oil-filled transformers.
the substation shall not be lowest point of the • Compact Substation is accepted & safe
basement. distances have been included.
• Substation shall not be located immediately above • Oil filled substation shall be located at
NBC 2016
or below plumbing water tanks or sewage ground floor open to sky / inside utility
treatment plant (STP) water tanks at the same building. If inside utility building,
location. substation shall be at ground or first
• In case of HV panel and transformers located at basement only.
different floors or at a distance more than 20 m,
HV isolator shall be provided at transformer
end.
• In case transformer and main MV/LV panel room
are located at different floors or are at a distance
more than 20 m, MV/LV isolator shall be provided
at transformer end.
• If there is a floor directly below the ground floor
level or first basement where the oil-filled REF:
transformers and oil-filled circuit breakers are Vol 1 , Part -4 ,
placed, then they shall be separated by a fire Fire & Life Safety 3.4.6.2
barrier of appropriate fire rating

42
 Distance between Transformers –

Drytype/ Transformer with Oil
capacity less than 2000 litres
• 11kV – 1500mm
• 22kV – 2000mm
• 33kV – 2500mm
• >33kV – Baffle wall of 4Hours Fire
rating
NBC 2016
 The provision for installation and
removal of substation equipment
Figure-1
Vol 2 , Part -8 , Building Services
REF:
should be provided from inside or
outside the building without
disturbing the associated major
equipment in the substation.
SPACE PLANNING FOR TRANSFORMER

ROOM

43
 The minimum height of substation

room/HV switch room/MV switch room
shall be arrived at considering 1200
mm clearance requirement from top of
the equipment to the below of the soffit
of the beam (see also Annex C).
 All the rooms shall be provided with

partitions up to the ceiling and shall
NBC 2016
have proper ventilation. Special care
should be taken to dissipate transformer
heat and where necessary fresh air
Figure-1
REF:
louvers at lower level and exhaust fans at
higher level shall be provided at suitable
locations.
SPACE PLANNING FOR SWITCH GEAR

ROOM

44
NBC 2016
Figure-2
REF:
SPACE PLANNING FOR SWITCH GEAR ROOM

45
NEW GUIDELINES
RECEPTION & DISTRIBUTION OF MAIN SUPPLY :
 In case of high rise buildings, the supplier or owner of the installation shall
provide at the point of commencement of supply a suitable isolating device
with cut-out or breaker to operate on all phases except neutral in the 3-phase,
4-wire circuit and fixed in a conspicuous position at not more than 1.7 m above
the ground so as to completely isolate the supply to the building in case of
emergency.
NBC 2016
 In large multi-storeyed buildings, installation of a large number of energy meters
at the ground floor (or first basement) switch-room for the convenience of the
meter-reader poses high fire hazard. More than 24 energy meters on one
switchboard is undesirable. In such cases, where number of energy meters to be
installed for feeding exceeds 24, energy meters shall be installed at each floor
and therefore, the rising main (bus trunking) with tapping point at individual
floor shall be provided for meters.
REF:
Vol 2 , Part -8 , Building
Services 5.4.1

46
NEW GUIDELINES – CENTRAL METERING SYSTEM
SMART METERING
Applicable to
 Residential apartments under common

ownership
 large multi-storeyed buildings, malls,
 University campuses, office buildings,
NBC 2016
 retail store networks,
 factories, or any building with multi- Function of Smart metering :
tenanted occupancy.  Hourly energy demand and use;
 Energy breakdown and mix and energy
Comprising consumption patterns;
 Power quality analysis;
 Main meters ( Digital meters)
 Energy consumption by process,
 Submeters
department, building, floor, etc;
 Monitoring Functions
REF:
5.4.1.4.4

47
NEW GUIDELINES-WIRING
Sub-circuit shall not have more than a total of ten

points of light, fans and 6 A socket outlets. The  Power sub-circuit shall be designed
load of such circuit shall be restricted to 800 W according to the load but in no case shall there
and the wiring with 1.5 mm2 copper conductor cable be more than two 16 A outlets on each sub-
is recommended. circuit which can be wired with 4 mm2 for
miscellaneous socket loads and shall be with 4
 If a dedicated circuit is planned for light fixtures, mm2 copper conductor cable for equipment
the load of such circuit shall be restricted to 400 consuming more than 1 kW. P
W and the wiring with 1.5 mm2 copper conductor
NBC 2016
cable is recommended.
 Aluminium conductor cables in sizes less than
 If a dedicated circuit is planned for 6A sockets 16 mm2 cause termination problems leading to
the load of such a circuit shall be restricted to heating at the terminals and enhance the
800 W or a maximum of 8 numbers, whichever is possibility of a fire. For conductor sizes less
lesser, controlling MCB should be sized than or equal to 16 mm2, only copper
accordingly. conductor cables should be used.
 The wiring shall be with 1.5 mm2 copper

conductor cable. If a separate fan circuit is
provided, the number of fans in the circuit shall
not exceed ten. REF:
5.4.1

48
NEW GUIDELINES-WIRING
ESTIMATION OF LOAD REQUIREMENT:
NBC 2016: NBC 2005:
NBC 2016
REF:
Vol 2 , Part -8 , Building
Services 6 Wiring

49
NEW GUIDELINES-EARTHING
MAINTENACE FREE EARTHING MAINTENACE FREE EARTHING
PIPE EARTHING PLATE EARTHING
NBC 2016
8 Earthing
REF:
50
NEW GUIDELINES - INCLUSIONS
ELECTRICAL VEHICLE CHARGING AVIATION OBSTACLE LIGHTS
NBC 2016
10.7
REF:
51
NEW GUIDELINES-LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM
PROTECTION ANGLE METHOD ROLLING SPHERE
Vol 2 , Part -8 , Building Services Section 11
NBC 2016
MESH METHOD
REF:
52
NBC 2016
53

NBC 2005 Vs 2016

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PRESENTATION ON

FIRE & LIFE SAFETY

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

NFPA – National Fire Protection Authority

NBC – National Building Code, 2005, Part 4

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

* NO CHANGE FROM NBC 2005 TO 2016

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

1 Horizontal Exit A horizontal exit shall be through a fire

For every 10m, one

What’s NEW !!!

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

National Electrical Code Central Electricity Authority

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM:

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

SUBSTATION & SWITCH ROOM:

• In case there is only one basement in a • There shall be no interconnecting

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 Distance between Transformers –

SPACE PLANNING FOR TRANSFORMER

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 The minimum height of substation

 All the rooms shall be provided with

SPACE PLANNING FOR SWITCH GEAR

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

 Residential apartments under common

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

Sub-circuit shall not have more than a total of ten

 The wiring shall be with 1.5 mm2 copper

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

NBC 2016: NBC 2005:

DesignTree Service Consultants Pvt Ltd

PROTECTION ANGLE METHOD ROLLING SPHERE

Vol 2 , Part -8 , Building Services Section 11

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