Project

Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

Nabua, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
PROJECT IN AIR-
CONDITIONING AND
VENTILATION
(HVAC LOAD CALCULATION)
Bicaldo, Michael Jan O.

-BSME 4D
Engr. Joeffrey D. Bustinera

-Instructor
November, 2023
Windows Data:
Door Data:
Windo Width Height Area Widt Height

Door Area (ft^2)
w (ft) (ft) (ft^2) h (ft) (ft)
W1 4 3 12 D1 8 3 16
W2 2.5 2 5 D2 7 2.5 17.5
W3 4 3 12 D3 8 3 16
W4 5 4 20 D4 8 3 16
Rooms Data:
Width Length Area

Room
(ft) (ft) (ft^2)
Bedroom 1 6.23 7.85 48.9
Bedroom 2 8 14 112
Bath Room 4 4.50 18
Data (For Room 1, 48.9 ft2)
D3 …………………………………………... 16
W3 …………………………………………. 12
Ceiling Height ……………………………………... 12 ft.
U-Wall ………………………………………………. 0.48 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F
U-Floor ………………………………………………. 0. 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F
U-Partition …………………………………………… 0.645 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F
U-Glass ………………………………………………. 0.94 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F
U-Ceiling ……………………………………………... 0.058 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F
Design Conditions:
Outside Temperature …………………………………. 96.8 °F

Inside Design Temperature …………………………… 75 °F
Daily Range …………………………………………... 19.8 °F (see table 1.1)
Table 1.1
DAILY RANGE TEMPRATURE (2022)
MANILA, Philippines Weather History (2022)
Month Maximum (°F) Date and Time Minimum (°F) Time

January 89.6 (27 Jan, 14:00) 68 (18 Jan, 02:00)
February 91.4 (24 Feb, 14:00) 71.6 (5 Feb, 08:00)
March 95 (31 Mar, 14:00) 73.1 (1 Mar, 05:00)
April 95 (28 Apr, 14:00) 71.6 (3 Apr, 02:00)
May 96.8 (8 May, 14:00) 77 (6 May, 14:00)
June 95 (10 Jun, 14:00) 75.2 (23 Jun, 02:00)
July 93.2 (3 Jul, 14:00) 75.2 (6 Jul, 02:00)
August 93.2 (26 Aug, 14:00) 75.2 (4 Aug, 23:00)
September 93.2 (6 Sep, 14:00) 75.2 (26 Sep, 03:00)
October 96.8 (10 Oct, 14:00) 75.2 (26 Oct, 05:00)
November 93.2 (14 Nov, 14:00) 73.4 (28 Nov, 02:00)
December 91.4 (3 Dec, 14:00) 73.4 (28 Dec, 02:00 )
Daily Range = 96.8 °F – 77 °F = 19.8 °F

ROOM 1
A. Solar Gain – Glass
➢ To find the Area of the glass, A ( 𝒇𝒕𝟐)
Southeast---------------------- 12 ft2
Southwest--------------------- 20 ft2
➢ To find the Heat Transfer Coefficient, U (𝑩𝒕𝒖 / 𝒇𝒕𝟐−𝒉𝒓−°𝐅)
Btu
U = 0.94 2
ft −hr−℉
➢ To find the Temperature Difference (°F)
(ASHRAE GRP 158; Table 3.18, page 3.31) (see table 1.3)
ΔT of W1 at Southeast: 14 °F
ΔT of W4 at Southwest: 57 °F
➢ To find the Solar Heat Gain- Glass (Q)
𝑄glass = 𝐴glass 𝑥 𝑈glass 𝑥 𝛥T
Btu
For SE: 12 x 0.94 2
x 14 ℉
ft −hr−℉
Btu
Q = 157.92
hr
Btu
For SW: 20 x 0.94 2
x 57 ℉
ft −hr −℉
Btu
Q = 1071.6
hr
B. SOLAR AND TRANSMISSION GAIN (Walls and Roof)
➢ To find the Area of the Wall, A ( 𝒇𝒕𝟐)

Southeast ---------------7.57𝑓𝑡 𝑥 12 𝑓𝑡 = 90.84𝑓𝑡2 (Area of SE wall) –12𝑓𝑡2 (𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑊1)
= 78.84 𝑓𝑡2
Southwest---------------14𝑓𝑡 𝑥 12 𝑓𝑡 = 168 𝑓𝑡2 (Area of SE wall) – 20 𝑓𝑡2 (Area of wall W4)
= 148 𝑓𝑡2
Interpolation of the Concrete Hollow blocks (CHB)
X Y
4 0.71
6 0.91
8 1.11
SI MATERIAL RESISTANCE
1 Outside air @ 7.5 mph 0.25
2 Cement 5/8” plaster 0.39
3 CHB (6”) 0.91
4 5/8” plaster 0.39
5 Inside air (still air) 0.68
TOTAL RESISTANCE 2.62
Uwall = 1/RT = 1/2.62

Uwall = 0.38 BTU/HR-𝐹𝑇2 − °F
➢ To find Solar Heat gain of Walls:
𝑄wall = 𝐴wall 𝑥 𝑈wall 𝑥 𝛥T
2 Btu
Qw ( SE)=78.84 ft x 0.38 2
x 30 ℉=898.776
f t −hr−℉
2 Btu
Qw ( S w )=148 ft x 0.38 2
x 24.5 ℉=1377.88
f t −hr−℉
C. Roof Ceiling:
𝑄roof = 𝐴roof 𝑥 𝑈roof 𝑥 𝛥T

Area of roof = 105.98 ft2
➢ To find U of Roof/Ceiling
1 Outside air (@7.5 mph wind) 0.25
2 GI sheet roofing (corrugated) 0.00
3 No insulation 0.00
4 Still air 0.92
5 Plywood 0.31
6 Inside air 0.91

∑ R=2.4
1 1
U roof = = =u=0.4167
∑R 24
➢ To find ΔTR: for roof:
(Load estimate: table 20, page 1-63)
ΔT of Roof = 28 + 10°F (correction to equivalent temperature) = 38 °F
𝑄roof = 105.98 𝑓𝑡2 𝑥 0.4167 𝑥 38℉ = 1678.15 𝐵𝑡𝑢 / ℎ
Transmission gain:
D. All glass, 𝑄 = 𝐴glass 𝑥 𝑈glass 𝑥 𝛥𝑇
= 29.7895 𝑥 0.94 𝑥 21.8 = 610.446434 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ
Total area of partition = (7.57 x 12) + (14 x 12) = 258.84
E. Partition, 𝑄 = 𝐴p 𝑥 𝑈p 𝑥 𝛥T
➢ To find Area of partition: Total area of P – Area of Doors
258.84 – 16 ft2 (Area of Door 1) = 242.84 ft2
To find U partition: (ASHRAE table 3.1A)

1 Outside air @ 7.5 mph 0.25
2 Cement 5/8” plaster 0.39
3 CHB (6”) 0.91
4 5/8” plaster 0.39
5 Inside air (still air) 0.68
U = 1/∑ 𝑅 = 1 / 2.23 = 0.4484
➢ To find 𝜟𝑻p
21.8 – 5 = 16.8 °F
➢ To find Qpartition
𝑄 = 𝐴p 𝑥 𝑈p 𝑥 𝛥T
= 242.84 x 0.4484 x 16.8 ℉
Btu
¿ 1829.34
hr
F. Ceiling: 𝑄𝑐𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝐴 𝑥 𝑈 𝑥 𝛥𝑇
Btu
= 105.98 ft x 0.4167 x 38 = 1678.1509
hr
G. Floor: 𝑄𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟 = 𝐴f 𝑥 𝑈f 𝑥 𝛥𝑇
(Ashrae, Table 3.1A, Thermal properties of typical building & insulating materials)
Btu
= 105.98 x 0.05 x 16.8 = 65.1
hr
Total solar and Transmission gain,
Qst =Qsolar + Qtransmission
Qst = 3317.64 + 2798.9111 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ𝑟
Internal Heat
A. People (Sensible Heat)
(ASHRAE, Table 48- Heat Gain from people)
Qs =Sens. H.G x No. of persons
Qs = 230 𝐵𝑡𝑢 ℎ𝑟 x 2 persons = 460 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ hr.
(Latent Heat)
Qs = Lat. H.G x No. of persons
Qs = 120 𝐵𝑡𝑢 ℎ𝑟 x 2 persons = 240 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ hr.
B. Lighting
Qlighting = A x input x 3.41
1 watt
Q lighting=105.98 x 2
x 3.4 1 = 361.3918 Btu
ft hr
C. Equipments
Qequipments = Total watts of items/equipment x 3.41
EQUIPMENTS Wattage
Laptop 70 watts
Incandescent Lamp 30 watts
Cellphone 3 watts
TOTAL: 103 watts
Qequipments = 103 Watts x 3.41 = 351.23 𝐵𝑡𝑢 / ℎr.
Total Internal Heat:
Qinternal = 460 + 240 + 264.275 + 351.23 𝐵𝑡𝑢 / ℎ𝑟.
Qinternal = 1315.505 𝐵𝑡𝑢 / hr.
Qst + Qinternal =6116.5511+1315.505 =7432.0561 𝐵𝑡𝑢 / ℎ𝑟
➢ Add factor of .15: =7432.0561 x 0.15 = 1114.8084
7432.0561 + 1114.8084 =8546.8645 𝐵𝑡𝑢 / ℎ𝑟
Ventilation & Infiltration CFM = CFM/Person x No. of persons
(ASHRAE, Table 6.1, Minimum Ventilation rates in Breathing zone)
CFM = 5 x 2 =10
CFM =CFM/𝑓𝑡2 x Area of room
CFM = 0.06 x 105.98 = 6.35
CFM = 10 + 6.35 = 16.35

Outside Air (By passed air)
Q = 1.08 x 0.12 x CFM x (OAT – RAT)
Q= 1.08 x 0.12 x 14.65 x 21.8 °F
Q = 41.390352 𝐵𝑡𝑢/hr.
Outside Air (Sensible Heat Gain)
Qs =1.08 x CFM x (OAT – RAT) x 0.88
Qs = 1.08 x 14.65 x 21.8 x 0.88
Qs =303.529248 𝐵𝑡𝑢/hr.
Outside Air (Latent Heat Gain)
QL = 0.68 x CFM x 𝐺𝑟/𝑙𝑏 x 0.88
QL = 0.68 x 14.65 x 70 x 0.88
QL = 613.6592 𝐵𝑡𝑢/hr.
Total Ventilation and Infiltration
Qvi =958.578792 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ hr.
Grand Sub-Total Heat, 𝐵𝑡𝑢 ℎ𝑟
Q= Qst + Qinternal + Qventilation
Q= 8950.19 + 958.578792 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ hr.
Qsubtotal = 9908.769 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ hr.
Safety Factor (5%)
SF = 9908.769 x 0.05
SF = 495.44
Grand Total Heat Gain

Qt = SF + Qsubtotal
Qt =495.44 + 9908.769 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ hr.
Qt =10,404.209 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ hr.
Tonnage, TR
Tonnage = Grand Total heat gain / 12000
Tonnage = 10,404.209/ 12000
Tonnage = 0.86

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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

Bicaldo, Michael Jan O.

Engr. Joeffrey D. Bustinera

Windo Width Height Area Widt Height

Width Length Area

Data (For Room 1, 48.9 ft2)

Ceiling Height ……………………………………... 12 ft.

U-Wall ………………………………………………. 0.48 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F

U-Floor ………………………………………………. 0. 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F

U-Partition …………………………………………… 0.645 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F

U-Glass ………………………………………………. 0.94 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F

U-Ceiling ……………………………………………... 0.058 𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑓𝑡2−ℎ𝑟−°F

Outside Temperature …………………………………. 96.8 °F

Inside Design Temperature …………………………… 75 °F

Daily Range …………………………………………... 19.8 °F (see table 1.1)

DAILY RANGE TEMPRATURE (2022)

MANILA, Philippines Weather History (2022)

Month Maximum (°F) Date and Time Minimum (°F) Time

Daily Range = 96.8 °F – 77 °F = 19.8 °F

➢ To find the Area of the glass, A ( 𝒇𝒕𝟐)

➢ To find the Heat Transfer Coefficient, U (𝑩𝒕𝒖 / 𝒇𝒕𝟐−𝒉𝒓−°𝐅)

➢ To find the Solar Heat Gain- Glass (Q)

𝑄glass = 𝐴glass 𝑥 𝑈glass 𝑥 𝛥T

➢ To find the Area of the Wall, A ( 𝒇𝒕𝟐)

Interpolation of the Concrete Hollow blocks (CHB)

1 Outside air @ 7.5 mph 0.25

2 Cement 5/8” plaster 0.39

3 CHB (6”) 0.91

4 5/8” plaster 0.39

5 Inside air (still air) 0.68

TOTAL RESISTANCE 2.62

Uwall = 1/RT = 1/2.62

➢ To find Solar Heat gain of Walls:

𝑄wall = 𝐴wall 𝑥 𝑈wall 𝑥 𝛥T

𝑄roof = 𝐴roof 𝑥 𝑈roof 𝑥 𝛥T

1 Outside air (@7.5 mph wind) 0.25

2 GI sheet roofing (corrugated) 0.00

4 Still air 0.92

6 Inside air 0.91

TOTAL RESISTANCE 2.4

➢ To find ΔTR: for roof:

(Load estimate: table 20, page 1-63)

ΔT of Roof = 28 + 10°F (correction to equivalent temperature) = 38 °F

𝑄roof = 105.98 𝑓𝑡2 𝑥 0.4167 𝑥 38℉ = 1678.15 𝐵𝑡𝑢 / ℎ

D. All glass, 𝑄 = 𝐴glass 𝑥 𝑈glass 𝑥 𝛥𝑇

= 29.7895 𝑥 0.94 𝑥 21.8 = 610.446434 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ

Total area of partition = (7.57 x 12) + (14 x 12) = 258.84

➢ To find Area of partition: Total area of P – Area of Doors

258.84 – 16 ft2 (Area of Door 1) = 242.84 ft2

To find U partition: (ASHRAE table 3.1A)

1 Outside air @ 7.5 mph 0.25

2 Cement 5/8” plaster 0.39

3 CHB (6”) 0.91

4 5/8” plaster 0.39

5 Inside air (still air) 0.68

TOTAL RESISTANCE 2.62

U = 1/∑ 𝑅 = 1 / 2.23 = 0.4484

= 242.84 x 0.4484 x 16.8 ℉

Total solar and Transmission gain,

Qst =Qsolar + Qtransmission

Qst = 3317.64 + 2798.9111 𝐵𝑡𝑢/ℎ𝑟

A. People (Sensible Heat)