Lesson Three

教育类&社会类话题
1. 教育类
• 教育题材分为教育方式：
• 网络教育、课堂教育、电视教育、家庭教育、出国留学、寄宿学
校；

• 课程选择：
• 个人兴趣、教师决定、政府决定、学术课程与音乐体育历史等课
程、学习外语；哪门课程最有用；
1. 教育类

• 教育目的：
• 为什么上大学，为就业做准备还是学习知识

• 其他：
• 高中毕业后先旅游或者工作一年，再上大学；
• 学生是否找兼职工作
• 分班学习
• 谁来付大学学费
2. 关键词
• 教育题目
• ◎ 学校教育(schooling)与家庭教育(parenting)都是不可或缺的(indispensable)，对于
孩子的身心发育起着重要的作用(physical and mental development)。家庭教育
(upbringing)可以给孩子正确的引导和正确的世界观(guideline, direction, and right
world outlook)。学校教育的优势在于学生生活在集体的氛围中(environment)，可以
培养竞争意识、合作精神和独立性(cultivate sense of competition, sense of
cooperation and independence)。 学生不仅是知识的接受者(information recipients)，
现在的学校大多是文化和社交活动丰富(culturally and socially diversified)，理想中的
学校应该是满足学生的全面发展的要求(development in an all-round way. Ideally，
universities should attain their goals if they tailor all the courses or programs to meet the
needs of well-rounded development.)
2. 关键词

• ◎ 高等学校的功能，是为了未来就业(future career)，还是学习
(academic qualifications)。
• ◎ 出国留学的益处和寄宿学校的优势在于培养学生的独立能力
(independence)、适应能力(adaptability)、应对危机的能力(crisis-
solving)、解决问题的能力(problem-solving)、建立友谊(build up
friendship)、沟通的能力(communication skills)、建立良好的人际
关系的能力(interpersonal relationship)，独立思考的能力
(independent thinking)。
2. 关键词
• 科技与教育相结合
• ◎ 远程教育(on-line learning)不能取代(replace)老师，而应是学校教育的补
充(complementary approach)，二者不是相互排斥的(they are not mutually
exclusive)。教师除了可以灌输知识(impart knowledge)，还可以激励学生
(give the students motivation)，灌输高尚的道德观(instill high moral values)，
给学生以灵感(give the students inspiration)，是学生的进步的促进者、导
师、引导者和伙伴(facilitator, supervisor, guide and partner)。老师的作用是
通过面对面的交流(face-to-face communication)，在课堂上提出引人深思
的(thought-provoking)和予以人启迪的(enlightening)问题，甚至对学生的
影响是深远的(far-reaching impacts)，全面教育应该是道德教育、伦理教
育和心理教育的结合(students need to be educated morally, ethically and
psychologically)。
3. Specific Instances

• Some people think that computers and the Internet are more
important for a child's education than going to school. But others
believe that schools and teachers are essential for children to learn
effectively. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
• 关键词解读：网络教育与课堂教育
• 计算机/互联网更加重要：

• 1. The extent of convenience in receiving education through the virtual world is higher than going
to school in person.

• 2. Online education, to some extent, requires and later enhances children’s independence in
study.

• 3. Surfing the Internet and learning how to operate computers without any difficulties lay a solid
foundation for the well-rounded development.

• 4. It seems to be undoubted that the range of knowledge of the online courses is wider than that
at school.

• 5. In long run, the earlier the exposure to the world of the Internet is, the more possibility there
will emerge for children to find a reasonable job in the adulthood.
• 学校/老师在有效学习上的作用：

• 1. The concrete and stable learning surroundings are generally

guaranteed by schools for students.

• 2. Through the direct contact with teachers, students are allowed to

figure out questions all at once without any unnecessarily waiting for
the answers.

• 3. Acceptably timetabling courses and correctly guiding students both

contribute to the concentration.

• 4. Every single change in students is in the sight of teachers.

• Some people believe that teenagers should concentrate on all school
subjects. But, others believe that teenagers should focus on the
subject that they are best at or that they find the most interest.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

• 关键词解读：学习所有课程与感兴趣的课程
The subjects and lesson contents are decided by the authorities such as

the government. Some people argue that teachers should make the

choice. Do you agree or disagree?

关键词解读：课程由政府决定还是由老师决定
In some countries some school leavers are choosing to work or travel

for a period of time between finishing high school and attending

university. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for school leavers'

decision. Give your own opinion and reasons. Use your experience of

life to explain it.

关键词解读：高中毕业是否应该先工作或是旅行一年
• Merits:

• 1. The time to work provides school leavers with opportunities to see potential tracks of personal development in
career after graduation from colleges or universities.

• 2. The inspiration of opting for the most appropriate major is sourced/ originated from the experience at work/
journey.

• 3. The gap between students’ ideals and the reality is directly exposed.

• 4. The financial burdens on families may witness a certain level of reduction.

• 5. One of the most obvious and basic positive functions is relaxation.

• 6. The diversity of culture is revealed through the working experiences or the process of trip in person.
• Demerits:

• 1. Leavers seem to be vulnerable on condition that they come across

some danger or directly threatening elements at work or in travel.

• 2. The temporary working experience does not really make any

contribution to eventual career.

• 3. The time to enhance one’s capabilities is unnecessarily wasted by

the process of work or travel.

• 4. Parents have to shoulder affording the extra costs of children’s

travel.
• Schools should concentrate on teaching students the academic
subjects that will be useful for their future careers. Subjects such as
music and sports are not useful. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
• 关键词解读：音乐和体育没有用

• Some people think children should obey the rules their parents and
teachers set and listen to them, but others think less control will help
children to deal with their future adult life. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion.
• 关键词解读：孩子应该遵守规则，还是应该宽松管理
4. 社会类

• 老龄化社会 (aging society)

• 老年人退休话题 (retirement)

• 代沟话题 (generation gap )

• 家庭与生活 (family life)

• 男女在家庭中的角色话题，谁更适合抚养孩子的任务(child-
rearing)
5. 关键词
• 老龄化社会(aging society)
• 世界步入老龄化(The world is aging). 老年人(the elderly/ senior
citizen / the aged / the old)的比例增大，由于健康状况和医疗水平
的提高 (improved health technology)，医疗的改善和生活水平的提
高(social security and medical treatment)，人们寿命增长(life span is
longer than before)。
5. 关键词
• 老龄化社会带来的问题：
• 劳动生产力下降(decrease in effective working force)，很多老年人
依赖养老金生活(live on pension)，增加了政府的负担(take up the
duty of caring for the aged members)，社会保障体系的不完善，基
础设施和社会服务满足不了老龄化社会的需求(The infrastructure
and social services for the elderly do not meet the demand)， 医疗
水平也远不能令人满意(medical level in the less-developed
countries leaves much to be desired)。
5. 关键词
• 老龄化社会解决之道：
• 加强家庭联系(consolidate the family ties)，给老人精神安慰
(spiritual comfort)。
• 养老的方式要多样化：随着核心家庭(nuclear family)的数量增加，
以家庭养老(family function of supporting the elderly)，同时社区养
老随之出现(local communities are another type of support)，因此
应该鼓励社区服务(encourage the community service for the aged).
5. 关键词

• 退休retirement
• 正面影响：多年的工作，老年人可能身心疲惫(extremely burnt
out)，因而退休生活能够使老年人放松压力(relax in retirement)，
同时老年人退休会为年轻人提供就业机会(open up opportunities
for younger people to get into the workforce)。
• 负面影响：老年人退休，导致他们觉得自己无用(useless)，被社
会淘汰(mean to be sifted out)，很多情况下会导致心理问题(suffer
from certain mental problems)；老年人在某一领域往往是专业人
士(specialist)，退休意味着宝贵劳动资源的流失(loss of the labour
resources)；老年人退休，增加了社会福利成本(social welfare cost)。
5. 关键词

• 代沟 generation gap
• 代沟是不同年龄段人之间的差异(Generation gap means the
“distinction” between the old and the young). 代沟源于不同的世
界观(result from different interpretation and appreciation of the
world)，源自于缺乏理解和沟通(derive from a lack of understanding,
and communication)，争端与摩擦就会时有发生(disagreement and
conflict often take place)，成年人和年轻人之间的代沟却无法缓解
(generation gap between the grown-ups and the young remains
unbridged.) 缩小代沟(narrow the gap/ bridge the gap)，就要消除误
解(remove the misunderstanding)，互相包容(tolerance)。
5. 关键词

• 家庭生活 family life and child-rearing

• 与男性相比，更多的女性选择照顾孩子(more women than men
take time out to raise the children)，随着教育水平的提高，性别歧
视有所缓解(gender discrimination)，女性的社会地位得以提升
(status quo of women)，更多的女性步入职场(employed in the
labor force). 女性要平衡家庭和工作(balance work and home life)是
很不容易的事情。
Topic:

Most countries want to improve standard of living through economic

development, however, others think social value is lost as a result. Do
you think the advantages of economic development outweigh the
disadvantages?
• 1. The amount of disposable income sees a direct relevant growth on
average.

• 2. The massive production of commodities experiences a rapid rise

and a wide expansion, thus satisfying greater needs of consumers.

• 3. The demands for better medical care and healthier personal status
are commonly and successfully met.

• 4. The extent of convenience in life is higher than expected with the

perfect construction of infrastructures on the basis of economic
development.
• The excessive pursuit for the ecnomic profits triggers the ignorance
over some rules in business or some moral codes/ ethics/ virtues in
society.

• The value of human labour force is gradually deteriorating owing to

the massive use of machines at work.

• The sense of “Money talks”is becoming more widespread than

ever irreversibly.
• Topic：

• The survey shows that in many countries, the people are living longer
but increased life expectancy has many implications for the aging
individuals and for society as a whole. What are the possible effects
of longer living for individuals and society?
• 1. Longer time to spent with family and friends and more
opportunities to get exposed to never-seen elements in life both
become available.

• 2. With extended life spans, people are supposed to contribute to the

society more and greater.

• 3. It is evident that longer expectancy implies more or less higher

degree of suffering from physical or mental pains and more expense
on medical care.

• 4. The government will have to fund more in the social welfare for the
aging society.
Topic：

Nowadays people live in the society where consumer goods are

relatively cheaper to buy. Do you think its advantages outweigh its

disadvantages?
• Topic：

• In some societies, more and more people choose to live on their own.
What is the reason for this, and is it a positive or negative trend?
Topic：

In many countries, workers over 60 can still be found in the workplace.

However, some people think it may cause some social problems and
they should get retired. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Topic：

It has been suggested that everyone in the world want to own a car, a

TV and a fridge. Do you think disadvantage of such a development

outweigh advantages?