Senior

High
School

Redeveloped Division Initiated Self-Learning Module

Department of Education Division of Palawan

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Biology 1 Grade 12
Redeveloped Division Initiated - Self-Learning Module
Quarter 2 Module 1: Role of ATP in Energy Coupling and Transfer,
Chlorophyll, and other Pigments
Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

Schools Division Superintendent:
Roger F. Capa, CESO VI
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Rufino B. Foz
Arnaldo G. Ventura

Development Team for

Development Team
Redevelopment Activity

Writer: Maribeth Q. Adier Writers: Honnelley E. Balo

Editors: Jecelle A. Jaranilla Cherry I. Vergara
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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need

lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

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 Biology 1
ATP in Energy Coupling and
Second Quarter
Week 1 Transfer & Chlorophyll

MELCs:
1. Explain coupled reaction processes and describe the role of ATP in energy
coupling and transfer. STEM _BIO11/12-Ila-j-1
2. Explain the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments. (STEM_BIO11/12-
IIa-j-3)

Objectives:
1. To identify the coupled reaction processes and energy transfer.
2. To cite examples that shows coupled reaction processes and describe the
role of ATP in energy coupling and transfer.
3. To examine the chlorophyll and other pigments present in leaves.
4. To explain the importance of chlorophyll and other pigments during
photosynthesis.

What I Know
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are the parts of the ATP molecule?

A. NADH, NAHPH, FADH
B. stroma, grana, chlorophyll
C. adenine, thylakoids, stroma
D. adenine, ribose, phosphate groups

2. Energy is released from ATP when ____________________________.

A. adenine bonds to ribose
B. ATP is exposed to sunlight
C. a phosphate group is added
D. a phosphate group is removed

3. Which structures shown in the Figure 1 make up the

ATP molecule?
A. A and B
B. A and C
C. C and D
D. A, B, C and D
Figure 1

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4. Using the figure on number 3, which parts of the molecule must the bonds be
broken to form an ADP molecule?
A. A and B B. B and C C. C and D D. all of the above

5. Which of the following can be compared to a battery in need of recharging?

A. ADP B. ATP C. Ribose D. Adenosine

6. A structure that composed of sugar ribose, nitrogen base adenine and a chain
of 3-phosphate groups.
A. ADP B. ATP C. NADH+ D. Nucleus

7. The process of breaking down bonds between the phosphate groups; this
happens when a water molecule breaks the terminal phosphate bond.
A. Oxidation C. Phosphorylation
B. Reduction D. Hydrolysis of ATP

8. A separation technique used to identify various components of mixtures based

on the differences in their structure and/or composition.
A. Hydrolysis C. Chromatography
B. Phosphorylation D. Dephosphorization

9. These are substances that absorb visible light; different pigments absorb light of
different wavelengths.
A. Photon B. Pigments C. Chlorophyll D. Light Energy

10. The greenish pigment found in the thylakoid membrane inside the chloroplast of
a plant cell.
A. Proton B. Pigments C. Chlorophyll D. Light Energy

11. Which of the following is NOT a component of ATP?

A. Ribose B. Glucose C. Adenosine D. Phosphate

12. Which of the following results in the storage of energy in terms of the ATP/ADP
cycle?
A. The addition of glucose.
B. The removal of a phosphate group.
C. The addition of a phosphate group.
D. The breaking of the bond between the 5-carbon sugar and the first
phosphate group.

13. What do all cells use for energy?

A. Fat B. ATP C. Protein D. Carbohydrates

14. What do we call the process whereby water is released when ATP is made?
A. Photosynthesis. C. Hydrolysis synthesis.
B. The ATP-ADP cycle. D. Dehydration synthesis.

15. Which of the following leads to change in the shape of protein and in its ability
to bind to another molecule?
A. Protein synthesis C. Chromatography
B. Hydrolysis of ATP D. Dehydration synthesis

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 a.

What is It
Cells require chemical energy for three general types of tasks: to drive metabolic
reactions that would not occur automatically; to transport needed substances across
membranes; and to do mechanical work, such as moving muscles. ATP is not a storage
molecule for chemical energy; that is the job of carbohydrates, such as glycogen,
and fats. When energy is needed by the cell, it is converted from storage molecules into
ATP. ATP then serves as a shuttle, delivering energy to places within the cell where
energy-consuming activities are taking place.

Although cells continuously break down ATP to obtain energy, ATP also is constantly
being synthesized from ADP and phosphate through the processes of cellular respiration.
Most of the ATP in cells is produced by the enzyme ATP synthase, which converts ADP
and phosphate to ATP. ATP synthase is located in the membrane of cellular structures
called mitochondria; in plant cells, the enzyme also is also found in chloroplasts. The
central role of ATP in energy metabolism was discovered by Fritz Albert Lipmann and
Herman Kalckar in 1941.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Adenosine triphosphate, also known as

An ATP Molecule
ATP, is a molecule that carries energy within cells.
It is the main energy currency of the cell, and it is
an end product of the processes of
photophosphorylation (adding a phosphate
group to a molecule using energy from
light), cellular respiration, and fermentation. All
living things use ATP. In addition to being used as
an energy source, it is also used in signal
transduction pathways for cell communication
and is incorporated into deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) during DNA synthesis. Image Credit:
https://meteormemory.wordpress.com/2015/12/1
6/production-and-use-of-atp/
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), which is

sometimes also known as adenosine
pyrophosphate (APP). It differs from ATP because it
has two phosphate groups. ATP becomes ADP with
the loss of a phosphate group, and this reaction
releases energy. ADP itself is formed from AMP.
Cycling between ADP and ATP during cellular
respiration gives cells the energy needed to carry
out cellular activities.

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Hydrolysis of ATP

Process of breaking down bonds between the phosphate groups.

This happens when a water molecule breaks the terminal phosphate bond.
HOPO32-, abbreviated P I leaves ATP.
Forming Adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Energy is released. This comes from the chemical change of the system state of
lower free energy and NOT from the phosphate bonds.
Hydrolysis releases so much energy because of the negative charges of the
phosphate groups. These charges are crowded together and their mutual
repulsion contributes to the instability of that region of the ATP. The energy
equivalent of the triphosphate tail of ATP is compared to a compressed spring.

Reaction Coupling

How is the energy released by ATP hydrolysis used to power other reactions in a
cell? In most cases, cells use a strategy called reaction coupling, in which an
energetically favorable reaction (like ATP hydrolysis) is directly linked with an
energetically unfavorable (endergonic) reaction. The linking often happens through
a shared intermediate
as a reactant in the second reaction.

When reaction coupling involves ATP, the

shared intermediate is often a phosphorylated
molecule (a molecule to which one of the
phosphate groups of ATP has been attached).

This example shows how reaction coupling

involving ATP can work through phosphorylation,
breaking a reaction down into two energetically
favored steps connected by a phosphorylated
(phosphate-bearing) intermediate.

This strategy is used in many metabolic

pathways in the cell, providing a way for the energy
released by converting ATP to ADP to drive other
reactions forward.
Image credit:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-
biology/cellular-energetics/cellular-
energy/a/atp-and-reaction-coupling

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Chlorophyll and Other Pigments

Plants make an amazing variety of pigment molecules, far more than animals.
After all, plants are creatures of light. They sense light to control their growth and rapid
responses to the environment, and they use light as their source of energy. Plants
produce pigments to advertise rewards for animals which pollinates flowers and disperse
seeds. Thus, pigments may have physiological and/ or biological functions.

There are three types of pigments present in the leaves of plants, and their
retention or production determines the colors of leaves before they fall from, molecules,
beyond the simple chemical formulas that describe the number of atoms of different
elements making up the molecule.

The example is the common sugar glucose. Glucose can be purchased as a

sweetener, most commonly is one half of the common table sugar (sucrose), which is a
disaccharide. The three types of pigments are chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins.

Chlorophyll is the green substance in plants that makes it possible for them to
make food with the help of carbon dioxide and water. It is also responsible for the green
color of plants. Plants capture sunlight by using chlorophyll to absorb the visible light.
Chlorophyll is green because it is efficient in absorbing blue light and red light, but not
very efficient in absorbing green light.

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll. Chlorophylls are green pigments, which contain

a ring that allows electrons to move freely so the molecule can gain or lose electron
easily. There are several kinds of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll a is present in plants, algae and
cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll b is present in green algae and plants. Chlorophyll c is found
only in photosynthetic diatoms, kelps and dinoflagellates.

Carotenoids are usually red, orange, or yellow pigments. These compounds are
composed of two small six- of carbon atoms. They
do not dissolve in water. Carotenoids absorbs energy and pass it to the chlorophyll.
Carotenoid is an accessory pigment. An example of carotenoid is fucoxanthin, a brown
pigment which colors brown algae. Carotenoids also include carotene, which gives
carrots their color.

Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments and are found in the cytoplasm, or in the
stroma of the chloroplast. They occur only in Cynanobacteria and Rhodophyta.
Phycocyanin (present in cyanobacteria) and phycoerythrin (found in red algae) are
examples of phycobilin.

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 What I Can Do

Activity 1: Read between the Lines

Directions: Read the paragraph below and answer the following questions. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Organisms need energy every day to live. Cells use the energy provided
by the chemical compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The key to
nd and 3rd phosphate.
When the bond is broken, energy is released, and the ATP becomes ADP.

Guide Questions:
a. What chemical compound do cells use to store and release energy?
b. ?
c. What is the difference between ATP and ADP?

Activity 2: Plantita/ Plantito Tour

Directions: Visit your garden and observe the plants around you. List down at least 10
varieties of plants, preferably the green leafy plants. Copy the table below
on a separate sheet of paper and fill in with the needed information.

Plants Structure
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

1. How do leaves differ and similar to each other?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

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 2. What leaves do you think will produce more green color? Justify your answer.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

3. What is the importance of that green color in the growth of the plant?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

Activity 3: Build Me Up

Directions: Build an ATP model by following the procedure given below.

Materials:
15 Popsicle sticks 5 cotton balls
1 pipe cleaner Hot glue gun
Hot glue stick 3 small Styrofoam balls
(1.5"-2" in diameter)
Image credit:
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/1815514287
05481282/ure 1
Procedure:

1. First, build your five-carbon sugar, RIBOSE. Use five Popsicle sticks, and hot glue them
into a pentagon. Then, hot glue cotton balls on each corner of the shape.

2. Next, build the base, ADENINE. This is going to look like one pentagon and one
hexagon stuck together on one side. Make a pentagon out of five Popsicle sticks,
just like you did for the RIBOSE. Then, build a hexagon with 5 more Popsicle sticks,
sharing one side with the first. Your final ADENINE should look like a figure 8.

3. Now, glue a pipe cleaner to each of two corners of your RIBOSE (the pentagon with
cotton balls). Connect one of these pipe cleaners to a corner of your ADENINE.

4. . For this, string three Styrofoam balls onto

another pipe cleaner, and attach the chain to the other pipe cleaner on the RIBOSE.
(Adapted from https://www.perkinsenlearning.org/accessible-science/activities/model-atp-molecule)

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Activity 4: Change in Season!
Directions: Draw in your answer sheet the illustration. In your own words, describe each
pigment, then color the leaf to represent each one.

Chlorophyll Carotenoid Phycobilins

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________

_________________________ _________________________ _________________________
_________________________ _________________________ _________________________

What I Have Learned

Activity 5: Charge your Knowledge

Directions: Explain the illustration below. Make sure you can use concepts provided
above. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Battery Comparison
Image
credit:
http://www.
goldiesroom
.org/Note%
20Packets/0
7%20Respira
tion/00%20R
espiration--
WHOLE.htm:
ADP & ATP

Guide Question:
Which molecule has more stored energy? Explain your answer.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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Activity 6: The Truth will prevail

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
If false, change the underlined word to make the statement right. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Green substance in plants are known as chlorophyll.

2. Chlorophyll is responsible in producing carbon dioxide.
3. Variety of leaves contains the same type and amount of pigments.
4. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll.
5. Red, orange and yellow pigments are examples of carotenoids.
6. Carotenoids are composed of three small six- carbon rings connected by a
chain of carbon atoms.
7. Phycobilins are water-soluble pigments that can be found in nucleoplasm.
8. Chlorophyll is just an accessory pigment.
9. There are many chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll in a typical cell in a leaf.
10. Plants capture sunlight by using chlorophyll to absorb visible light.