FOFFT Based Grid Connected PMS Motor
Driven Solar Water Pumping With Improved
Power Quality
Apoorva Sharma, Tripurari Nath Gupta and Sanjay Kumar Peeploda
2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0) | 978-1-6654-2237-6/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ETI4.051663.2021.9619266
National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
E-mail : apoorvasharma.ee@gmail.com tnakgec@gmail.com, choudharysanjay271095@gmail.com
Abstract :- This paper contributes for the development of a
novel technique for solar energized grid integrated water
pumping system which is driven through PMS motor. The
impetus for proposing this technique is to provide incessant
operation of a water pumping system without accounting for
variations in solar insolation with improved power quality.
When the power extracted from PV exceeds to the pump
load requirement, the excess power is fed to the linked grid,
and if the PV power is not sufficient to operate the pumping
system, the grid supplies the remaining power to keep the
pumping system running continuously. By improving the
power quality, the system becomes more reliable, accurate,
and effective. Here, system is tested through a logic in which,
if irradiance is above 500 W=m2, solar energy is fed to grid
after feeding the pump load demand and refrence speed for
the pump is evaluated based on the solar generation. On the
other hand if irrdiance is below 500 W=m2, PV power is not
able to match the pump demand. In this condition the pump
is supplied by the PV array as well as grid and reference
pump speed is set to the rated speed for full capacity
operation as the utility grid is infinite source. To make such
system, we have connected a voltage source converter for
utility grid control and a voltage source inverter for PMS
motor control to the dc link. Unit vector template theory is
also used to control the bidirectional power flow between a
solar PV system and the linked utility grid. For filtering the
polluted grid voltage and estimating synchronising
components, a FOFFT (Fourth Order Fundamental
Filtration Technique) based control algorithm is used. The
incremental conductance technique is used to obtain the
duty ratio for MPP operations in MPP tracking. The
sensorless vector control technique is used to control the
speed of the PMS motor. MATLAB/Simulink is used to
develop and test the proposed methodology.
Index Terms- Solar PV Array, Utility grid, VSC (Voltage
Source Converter), VSI (Voltage Source Inverter), UVT (Unit
Vector Template Theory), PMS (Permanent Magnet
Synchronous) motor, FOFFT (Fourth Order Fundamental
Filtration Technique), Centrifugual pump.
I. INTRODUCTION
Solar-based energy, with its essentially infinite potential
and free accessibility, presents to a nonpolluting energy
source, which can be used to meet the energy needs of
humanity in a substantial way. The significant expense,
rapidly depleting petroleum derivatives and the public
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concern about the ecoaccommodating power age of
intensity have prompted a surge of interest in the use of
solar energy.
The solar PV power-based era achieves more precise
agreement, while a solar-based PV integrated water
pumping system provides a viable solution. Despite the
fact that solar energy has an irrational nature, it can only
be used during active hours. On the other hand, grid-
connected PV systems, have become very common,
additionally they are also experiencing harmonic issues.
This can be seen in some previous work, harmonic
currents generated by PV systems degrade power quality
also affecting the performance of the electrical network
and other electrical equipment [1].
The maximum power point (MPP) of a solar PV array is
termed the optimum operating point, which is primarily
determined by solar irradiance and temperature. The point
can be acheieved easily by utilizing the MPP tracking
methods. Furthermore, it is totally dependent on the actual
solar irradiance and evolving climatic condition. In the
test system Incremental conductance (INC) technique is
used [2].
The test system evolves two stages, the initial one serves
the MPP operation by using boost (DC-DC) converter,
and the other one is a VSC, which is impletemnted to
serve the purpose of power conditioning in grid-
connected solar PV system to enhance power quality and
to transfer active power from the solar PV array to the AC
grid.
The renewable energy system is influenced by the voltage
ripple, which can cause a set of alternative issues, such as
reduced MPPT performance, increased power loss, and
shorten device lifespan. A DC link capacitor is placed
across the VSC terminals to deal with such problem in the
system. The utilities have reaped the economic benefits of
the grid integrated PV system. The grid characteristics are
adversely affected by the intermittent existence of solar
irradiation in meeting the load demands [3].
 Various controls have been presented in the literature as a
result of past studies. A higher order filtration technique,
performs better in terms of harmonics reduction than a
lower order technique. To improve harmonics attenuation
performance, presented methodology uses a fourth order
fundamental filtration technique (FOFFT).
In the presented system, a PMS (Permanent Magnet
Synchronous) motor is used. The PMS motor is used to
drive the pump, because of its compactness, and it has a
higher efficiency than an induction motor. As a result of
the effects, PMS motor drives are becoming more
common in industrial and commercial applications. The
motor is operated using a vector control technique. The
vector control of the PMS motor drive is simpler, easier to
implement, more effective, and provides a great speed
response when compared to the induction motor drive[4-
6].
The main contribution of the work is as follows;
 The streamlined operation of water pumping
system driven by PMS motor is implied for the
grid connected mode.
 A VSC is connected to control the bidirectional
flow of power via the common DC link
between the solar PV
 system and the utility grid.
 To provide the facility of the power transfer
from the grid and to preserve UPF (Unity
power factor) at the grid terminals, a UVT
technique is utilized for controlling of VSC.
 A FOFFT (Fourth Order Fundamental
Filtration Technique) is used to mitigate the
harmonic part and dc offset from the distorted
signal.
 A vector control technique for PMS motor is
used to increase system efficiency and to
minimize system costs.
Fig. 1. System under study
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II. CONFIGURATION OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM
In the proposed system model, solar PV array is used to
supply the power, a boost converter is used to serve the
purpose of MPP tracking to get the maximum power, a
VSC is also used so that PV power can be fed to the grid,
when it is more than the required power for water
pumping. A VSI is used to drive the PMS motor and a
PMS motor to drive the pump. For MPPT, an INC
(incremental conductance) algorithm is used by a
modification in the boost converter’s duty ratio. Using the
VSC converter, the grid feeds the DC link [7]. Under
different operating conditions, the conduct of the WPS
(Water Pumping System) is validated through MATLAB
simulations on the proposed system as shown in Fig. 1.
These are essentials for constructing the solar energized
water pumping system.
 The Solar PV array
 The MPPT Technique
 Boost Converter
 VS Inverter
 VS Converter
 PMS Motor
 Pumping System-(centrifugal pump)
III. CONTROLLING OF THE CONFIGURED SYSTEM
The proposed system’s control is accomplished in three
phases. A boost (dc-dc) converter is used in the first stage
to use an MPP tracking. The MPPT is used to derive the
full power from the solar PV array as well as estimate the
reference signal in order to generate boost converter
pulses. An INC MPP tracking technique is chosen for
more efficient use of the solar energy and more precise
extraction of maximum energy.
 The second is PMS motor speed control using the
technique of sensor-less vector control. The third phase
requires a UVT technique for VSC control. The VSC is
controlled using a FOFFT based control technique. The
switching pulses for VSC are obtained using a current
controller.
A. MPP Traking Control
Fig. 2. Structural outline for INC MPP tracking technique
In the proposed scheme, the MPP tracking is done by
using INC method as mentioned above [8]. Structural
outline for the MPP tracking is shown above in the Fig. 2.
B. Vector Control Mechanism for PMS Motor Controlling
With vector control, the dynamic efficiency of the PMS
motor drive improves and it provides a superior speed
response by dividing the stator current into direct axis I*d
and quadrature axis I*q parts. Logic for the input provided
to the PI controller is shown in Fig. 4, where Ir; *r ; Ppv;
K are solar irradiance, reference pump speed, solar PV
power and pump constant respectively. The
transformation of the dynamic model of the drive needs
three-phase stator current (Ia; Ib; Ic) to two orthogonal
DC components (I*d ; I*q ). In a stator, rotor or
synchronously rotating reference frame, the
transformation may be carried out. This transformation
enables AC drives to be operated in a manner close to that
of separately excited DC drives. The orthogonal design of
the current components allows for decoupled torque/speed
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and flux control via the independent control of the I*d and
I*q components [9].This technique can be analyzed from
Fig. 3. I*d is held at zero. As follows, the I*q can be
calculated,
C. Unit Vector Template Theory for Utility Grid Control
The UVT theory is used to achieve the power flow control
from the utility grid as shown in Fig. 5. The grid voltage
is filtered using FOFFT for proper operation first as
shown Fig. 6. To remove the harmonic element and DC
offset, FOFFT is used. To synchronize the output current
of the VSC, a set of unit vectors is calculated as shown in
Fig. 6. In estimating reference grid current, which is
equated with sensed grid current, the unit vectors assist to
pass through the current controller to get VSC switching.
Calculated unit vectors with the help of the following
equations are as follows;
Where, Vz is amplitude of phase voltage which contains
information of all three phases. Za, Zb, Zc are the unit
vectors of three phases, respectively. Vsa, Vsb, Vsc
are the filtered phase voltage of three phase grid,
respectively. The estimation Vz is as given;
IV. SIMULATION RESULTS
The Fig.7 shows, the simulation results for the proposed
system. The PMS motor steady state operation at rated
speed draws a sinusoidal current shown in Fig. 7
(a),(b),(c). When the PV array is running at STC (1000
W=m2, 25oC), excellent MPP tracking is observed. At
UPF (Unity power factor), when being fed from the grid,
the pump draws a sinusoidal current from the grid. After
4.5 sec irradiance get changed and observed results are
shown in fig. 7 (a), (b), (c). A. Performance at 1000W=m2
Outcomes for the solar water pumping system interfaced
with the intelligent grid are shown in Fig. 7 from 0 to 4.5
sec. for 1000 W=m2. The PMS motor is operated only by
the Solar PV power. Fig. 7 (a) displays the solar
irradiance, PV voltage, PV current and PV power
waveforms, i.e. Ir; Vpv; Ipv; Ppv, at 1000 W=m2. In Fig. 7
(b) grid parameters, which are Ir; Vgrid; Igrid; Pgrid are
shown. PMS motor parameters are shown in the Fig. 7 (c)
solar irradiance, rated torque, rotar speed, and the power
i.e. Ir; T;W; Ppmsm featured. In this condition when
irradiance is at 1000 W=m2, which is STC, PV power is
fed to the PMS motor as well as the grid. The speed of the
PMS motor is at rated speed, which is 188 rad/sec.
 Fig. 3. Vector control for PMS motor
Fig. 4. Structural outline for the implemented technique
The system’s MPP tracking capability can be checked
through Section 3-(A). Under steady state it is observed
that the grid current THD at 1000 W=m2 is 2.78
percentage which is less than the 5 percentage as
according to the IEEE standard shown in Fig. 8 (a).
B. Performance at 800 W=m2
As solar insolation decreases from 1000 W=m2 to 800
W=m2 at 4.5 sec. During this time period the reference
pump speed is not set to the rated speed. The reference
pump speed is evaluated as:
where ref ; Ppv;K are the reference pump speed, solar PV
power and pump constant respectively.
It can be visualized from Fig. 7. Under steady state it is
observed that the grid current THD at 800 W=m2 is 2.57
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percentage which is less than the 5 percentage as
according to the IEEE standard shown in Fig. 8 (b).
C. Performance at 100 W=m2
As solar insolation decreases from 800 W=m2 to 100
W=m2 at 5 sec, that is less than the 500 W=m2. At that
time PV is not able to fulfill the pump requirement, the
utility grid provides the remaining power needed to
operate the PMS motor at full speed. Therefore, the
reference pump speed is set to the rated speed for full
capacity operation as utility grid is infinite source. Under
steady state, it is observed that the grid current THD at
100 W=m2 is 4.09 percentage, which is less than the 5
percentage as according to the IEEE standard shown in
Fig. 8 (c).
D. Performance when Solar Irradinace is Not Available
(0 W=m2)
Solar irradiance is decreased upto 0 W=m2 at the time 6-7
sec. At night hours or unavailability of sun, when solar
PV power is not available, the pump is powered by the
utility grid as shown in Fig. 7 (a), (b), (c). This increases
the quality of use of the proposed method. Under steady
state, it is observed that the grid current THD at 0 W=m2
is 3.47 percentage which is less than the 5 percentage, as
according to the IEEE standard value shown in Fig. 8 (d).
V. DISCUSSION
Proposed system is tested for varying solar PV irradiance
in which two cases are considered, first one is below
500W=m2 and second one is above 500W=m2 It is
ensured that pump speed remains as rated speed for first
case and for second case reference pump speed is
calculated. The efficiency of the power quality of the
water pumping system is shown in Fig. 8. It can be
visualized that the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) of
the grid current remains under 5 percent as according to
the IEEE-519 standard. The THD of the grid current at
1000W=m2, 800W=m2, 100W=m2, 0W=m2 are shown in
Figs. 8 (a), (b), (c), (d).
 Fig. 5. Unit vector template theory for VSC
Fig. 6. Estimation of unit vectors using Fourth order fundamental filtration technique
VI. CONCLUSION
The behaviour of the system for a solar PV fed grid has
been analysed for varying irradiance. The grid’s
integration has improved system reliability. The pump is
effectively accessible regardless of changing
environmental conditions. The UVT control scheme has
demonstrated to be good in enhanced grid power flow.
The VSC maintains UPF at the grid terminals. The
FOFFT eliminates grid current distortion and maintains it
within the defined the range. The power quality issues in
the system are managed by the control algorithm’s
harmonic material attenuation capabilities
VII. APPENDIX
TABLE I: Particulars of Solar pv array, PMS motor and
pump Coefficient
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 Fig. 7: (a) PV parameters at solar PV irradiance 1000-800-100-0 W=m2

Fig. 7 (b) Grid parameters for at solar PV irradiance 1000-800-100-0 W=m2

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 Fig. 7 (c) PMS motor parameters at solar PV irradiance 1000-800-100-0 W=m2

Fig. 8: (a) Harmonic spectra for grid current at 1000 W=m2

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 Fig. 8: (b) Harmonic spectra for grid current at 800 W=m2

Fig. 8: (c) Harmonic spectra for grid current at 100 W=m2

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 Fig. 8: (d) Harmonic spectra for grid current at unavailability of Solar irradiance

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