Construction industry
-is one of the largest commercial activities in the
United States, encompassing establishments
engaged in the construction of buildings and
larger engineering projects, such as roadways
and utility infrastructure.
Pre-design phase
-sets the initial objectives and criteria under
which a building will be planned.
Design phase
-determines the actual geometry, materials, and
performance characteristics of the finished
structure.
Construction phase
-is involved with the physical realization of the
finished building.
Building construction
-involves the assembly of a building on a piece
of property, encompassing residential,
commercial, civic, educational, religious, and
agricultural buildings, among others.
Heavy construction
-is the term used for larger infrastructure
projects, such as highways, bridges, canals,
dams, subways, tunnels, utility piping systems,
water control construction, and
communications networks.
Industrial construction
-refers to the building of largescale
manufacturing and processing plants or utility
generation installations.
Construction drone program
-can dramatically improve the accuracy of
construction surveys, progress reporting, safety,
and inspection processes.
Design and construction of a building project
-is the result of the collective ideas, talents, and
services of a large and diverse group of
professionals.
Programming
-is the research and decision-making process
that determines the specific set of needs that a
building is expected to fulfill, and identifies the
scope of work to be accommodated and
designed
Design sketches and feasibility studies
-are developed as a series of alternatives for
approval by the owner.
Design intent
-is a statement that defines the anticipated
aesthetic, functional, and performance
characteristics of the finished building or
project. Functional and spatial requirements,
including types, sizes and adjacencies of spaces,
are defined and tabulated.
Floor plan
-is a representation of a building looking down
after a horizontal plane has been cut through it
and the top portion removed.
Building section
-gives a view of a building after a vertical plane
has been cut through it and the front portion
removed.
Computer-aided drafting
-software enables the design team to efficiently
create and manage modifications to the
architectural drawing set.
Building information models (BIMs)
-are computer files which serve to manage the
complexity of the interdisciplinary information
that goes into the design and construction
phase activities of a building that can be
exchanged and networked to support decision-
making.
Construction documents (CD)
-consist of two interdependent components:
the drawings and the specifications.
Construction drawings
-sometimes referred to as working drawings,
visually outline the dimensional relationships
between all aspects of the building including
their location, form, size, and quantities, as well
as the materials used, and their colors and
textures.
Specifications
-describe in writing more detailed information
on the exact types of materials to be used and
the ways in which construction processes are
conducted.
MasterFormat
-provides a standard for writing specifications
using a system of descriptive titles and numbers
to organize construction activities, products,
and requirements into a standard order that
facilitates the retrieval of information and
serves as a means for all participants within the
construction industry to communicate.
Project manual
-completed specification
Contract documents
-consist of the construction drawings, and the
project manual consisting of the final
specifications.
GreenFormat
-a newly released version of the MasterFormat,
was introduced to incorporate new
environmentally friendly products and
construction procedures that were previously
not included.
General contractors (GCs)
-assume the responsibility for the construction
of an entire project at a specific cost and by a
specified date.
Subcontractors
-who perform the focused labor within their
technical areas, such as the electrical, plumbing,
roofing, bricklaying, carpentry, concrete work.
Superintendent
-is the general contractor’s on-site
representative responsible for continuous field
supervision, coordination, and completion of
the work.
Competitive bidding
-In this method, qualified construction
contractors are invited to bid on the project on
a competitive basis, with the contract often
being awarded to the contractor that submits
the lowest bid.
Invitational bidding
-wherein only preselected contractors are asked
to provide bids on a project.
Negotiated contract
-can have the advantage of bringing a contractor
into the project in the pre-construction phase of
the work
Multiple prime contracts
-are often used on large and complex projects
where a number of specialty contractors are
engaged to complete different parts of the
work.
Fast tracking
-a project shortens the overall construction time
by beginning work on site prior to the
completion of the construction documents.
Construction documents for fast-track projects
are often completed in sequenced packages.
Design-Bid-Build (DBB)
-is the traditional method of project delivery
that moves sequentially from conception of a
project through its construction.
Design-build
-contracting method, the owner contracts with
a single party that completes all portions of the
work from design through construction.
Construction management
-is an umbrella term applied to a variety of
project delivery arrangements in which specific
construction management services are provided
by a separate management firm that completes
the services traditionally provided by a general
contractor.
Construction Management for Fee
-in this method the manager does not
guarantee a budget or schedule, and neither
will they perform any work on site.
Construction Management at Risk
-When the management firm acts as general
contractor, it assumes all the liability and
responsibility of a general contractor, which is
why this delivery method.
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
-is an increasingly common project delivery
approach that attempts to bring together all the
diverse participants for a project at the
beginning of the design phase and throughout
the procurement and construction of the
project.
Lean construction
-can be characterized as techniques that strive
to maximize value and minimize waste.
Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
-sometimes referred to as 3P, is a project
delivery contract between a federal, state or
local governing body and a private developer
with the aim of providing a service or
development for the benefit of the public.
Notice to proceed
-is a written directive from the owner to the
contractor that sets the date that the contractor
can begin the work under the conditions of the
contract.
Construction schedule
-assigns progressive dates to all project
activities and phases
Project scheduling
-is used to match the resources of equipment,
materials, and labor with the project
construction phases over time.
Critical path method (CPM)
-for scheduling, sometimes referred to as
“critical path scheduling.” This method
calculates the minimum time required for a
certain task, along with the possible start and
finish times for the project activities.
Building permit
-is a certificate issued by the local governing
authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) authorizing
the construction of a project after a thorough
review of the construction documents to ensure
compliance with local building, safety, and fire
codes.
Field office
-provides a central command post for the day-
to-day site activities, housing the construction
documents, project files, and provides an office
for the project superintendent.
Shop drawing
-gives precise directives for the fabrication of
certain components, such as structural steel
work, concrete reinforcing, or pre-cast concrete
components.
Construction mock-up
-is a full-size model of a proposed construction
system built to judge the appearance of an
assembly, examine its construction details, and
test for performance under actual site
conditions.
Construction change directive (CCD)
-is a written order prepared by the architect and
signed by the owner directing a change in the
work and stating a proposed basis for
adjustment in the contract time, cost, or both.

Change order

-is a written directive to the contractor issued

after the execution of an agreement that
authorizes an addition, deletion, or revision to
the project, along with the related adjustments
in contract budget and time.

Punch List

A listing of the remaining items to be installed

or repaired is called a punch list.

Certificate of occupancy

-is issued by the local building department

indicating that the building is compliant with
locally adopted building codes and is in proper
condition to be occupied.