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COURSE OUTLINE: COURSE OUTLINE:

V. Medical Terms Referring to Diseases of V. Medical Terms Referring to Diseases of
Various Systems of the Body and Obstetric Various Systems of the Body and Obstetric
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Terms Terms

1. The cardiovascular system 8. The lymphatic and reticuloendothelial systems

9. The blood
2. The respiratory system
10. The endocrine system
Ms. Danica P. Pardalis, R.R.T. 3. The digestive system 11. The teeth
Lecturer, B.S. Radiologic Technology Program 4. The urinary and male reproductive system 12. The nervous system
La Consolacion University Philippines 5. The female reproductive system 13. The eye
6. Obstetric conditions 14. The ear, nose and throat
7. The breast 15. The mind

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

Identify terms referring to diseases

of the different body systems.

Reproductive System Female gynec/o

Reproductive System

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Reproductive System Reproductive System Reproductive System

 amni/o  embry/o  gynec/o  mamm/o  nat/o  salping/o

– amnion – embryo – woman, female – breast – birth – fallopian tubes, uterine tubes
 cervic/o  episi/o  hymen/o  mast/o  oophor/o  uter/o
– neck, cervix – vulva – hymen – breast – ovary – uterus
 chori/o  fet/o  hyster/o  men/o  ov/o  vagin/o
– chorion – fetus – uterus – menses, menstruation – egg – vagina
 colp/o  lact/o  metr/o  ovari/o  vulv/o
– vagina – milk – uterus – ovary – vulva
 culd/o  perine/o
– cul-de-sac – perineum

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Reproductive System – Female [gynec/o] Reproductive System – Female

Reproductive System Functional Overview Overview of Anatomy

–arche –partum  Internal



– beginning


– childbirth
genitalia
 Propagation of the Human Race Within the Pelvic Cavity
 –cyesis  –salpinx
– state of pregnancy – fallopian tube  Production of Ova female reproduction cells – Uterus
 –gravida  –tocia  Provides a place for fertilization – Ovaries
– pregnancy – labor, childbirth  A place for baby to grow during pregnancy – Fallopian tubes
 –para
– to bear (offspring)
 Breasts provide nourishment of baby – Vagina
 Female sex hormones  External genitalia
– Collectively known as Vulva [vulv/o episi/o]
Word Building
Gynecology - study of female reproductive system The word genitalia = reproductive organs
Gynecologist - physician specialist in gynecology

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Reproductive System – Female Reproductive System – Female Reproductive System – Female

Overview of Anatomy Overview of Anatomy Overview of Anatomy

Perineum [perine/o]
Vulva [vulv/o]

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Reproductive System – Female Reproductive System – Female

Ovaries - Ovary [ oophor/o - ovari/o ]
Ovum (singular form of Ova) Ovaries - Ovary [ oophor/o - ovari/o ]

 Small almond-shaped glands  Small almond-shaped glands

 Produce ova (singular is ovum )  Produce ova (singular is ovum )
 Produces female sex hormones  Produces female sex hormones

 Every 28 days produces:  Every 28 days produces:

– Follic stimulating hormone (FSH) – Follic stimulating hormone (FSH)
– Luteinizing hormone (LH) – Luteinizing hormone (LH)
– Triggers ovulation – Triggers ovulation

 Produces estrogen and progesterone  Produces estrogen and progesterone

– Stimulates lining of uterus in preparation – Stimulates lining of uterus in preparation
to receive fertilized ovum to receive fertilized ovum
– Female secondary sexual characteristics – Female secondary sexual characteristics

A ovum, B spermatozoon; 1 nucleolus, 2 nucleus, 3 zona pellucida, 4 head, 5 acrosome, 6

centriole, 7 mitochondrion, 8 tail, 9 middle piece, 10 neck, 11 corona radiata, 12 cytoplasm
Word Building
Oophoritis - inflamation of the ovary
Ovarian - pertaining to the ovary

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Reproductive System – Female
Fallopian Tubes [ salping/o -salpinx ]
 Also called
uterine tubes or oviducts
 Approximately 5 1/2 inches long
 Unattached ends expand into finger-like
projections, Fimbriae
 Fimbriae catch ovum after ovulation
and direct into fallopian tube
 Tube propel ovum to uterus to be
implanted
 Egg and Sperm, fertilization or
conception normally takes place in
upper 1/2 of tubes
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Reproductive System – Female Reproductive System – Female
Fallopian Tubes [ salping/o -salpinx ] Uterus [ hyster/o metr/o uter/o ] Cervix [ cervic/o ]
 Also called Uterus
uterine tubes or oviducts
 Hallow with thick muscular wall lined
 Approximately 5 1/2 inches long
with mucous membrane lining and
 Unattached ends expand into finger-like rich blood supply
projections, Fimbriae
 Fimbriae catch ovum after ovulation and
direct into fallopian tube
 Center of pelvic cavity between
bladder and rectum
Tube propel ovum to uterus to be implanted
 Anteflexion held in place by
 Egg and Sperm, fertilization or conception
ligaments anchored in outer layer of
the uterus called perimetrium
Salping/o – tube/ fallopian tube
 3 sections: fundus | corpus | cervix
Salpingectomy - removal of fallopian tubes
Salpingitis - inflamation of the fallopian tubes
Hematosalpinx - blood in the fallopian tubes
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Reproductive System – Female
Uterus [ hyster/o metr/o uter/o ] Cervix [ cervic/o ]
Layers of the uterus
 Endometrium
– Rich blood supply that reacts to
hormonal changes every month that
prepare it to receive fertilized ovum
– Normal pregnancy fertilized ovum
implants.
– Provides nourishment and protection
for developing baby
 Myometrium
– Muscle contractions assist in moving
fetus through the birth canal at
delivery
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Reproductive System – Female Reproductive System – Female
Uterus [ hyster/o metr/o uter/o ] Cervix [ cervic/o ] Vagina [ colp/o vagin/o ]
 Muscular tube, mucous lined
Word Building: membrane extending from the
Hysteropexy - surgical fixation of the uterus cervix of the uterus to the outside
Hysterorrhexis - ruptured uterus of the body
Hysterectomy - surgical removal of the uterus  Passage of menstrual flow
Endometritis - inflammation within the uterus  Receives penis and semen with
Perimetritis - inflammation around the uterus sperm during intercourse
Metrorrhea - flow from the uterus  Birth canal during vaginal birth
Metrorrhagia - rapid blood flow from the uterus  Hymen is a thin membrane
Uterine - pertaining to the uterus covering external vaginal opening
Cervicectomy - removal of the cervix called the vaginal orifice
Cervical - pertaining to the neck of the uterus  Bartholin’s glands on either side
of the vaginal orifice
Endocervicitis - inflammation within the cervix
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Reproductive System – Female Reproductive System – Female Reproductive System – Female

Vagina [ colp/o vagin/o ] Vulva [ vulv/o ] Vulva [ vulv/o episi/o ]
 Muscular tube, mucous lined
membrane extending from the
cervix of the uterus to the outside
of the body
 Passage of menstrual flow
 Receives penis and semen with
sperm during intercourse
 Birth canal during vaginal birth Vulva [vulv/o]
 Hymen is a thin membrane
covering external vaginal opening
 External group of structures  Clitoris contains sensitvie
that make up the female erectile tissue aroused during
genitalia intercourse Word Building
Word Building:  Labia major and minor serve  Perineum is the area between
as protection of the genitalia the vaginal orifice and the Episiorrhapy - suture of the vulva
Colposcope – instrument to view the inside of vagina Episiotomy - surgical incision of the perineum
and the urinary meatus anus
Vaginal – pertaining to vagina Vulvitis - inflamation of the vulva
Vaginitis - inflammation of the vagina Vulvar - pertaining to the vulva

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Reproductive System – Female Reproductive System – Female

Breast [mamm/o mast/o] Breast [mamm/o mast/o]
Pregnancy

Also called mammary glands


 Gestation
 Lactation - Production of milk
– Period of pregnancy
for the nourishment of Word Building
newborn baby – 40 weeks
Milk is produced in the

Lactiferous glands and
Mammogram - record of breast  Premature
carried to the nipples by the Mammary - pertaining to breast – Birth before 37 weeks of
lactiferous ducts Mammoplasty - surgical repair of breast gestation completed
 Areola is the pigmented area Mastalgia - breast pain
around the nipple Mastitis - inflammation of breast
 Milk secretion requires Mastectomy - removal of breast
stimulating by the newborn
baby

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Pregnancy Fetal Membranes

 Embryo  Fetus  Infant is surrounded by two membranous sacs

– From implantation into – Ninth week until birth  Amnion
endometrium until eight weeks – Organs mature and begin to
– Inner sac
– Major organs and systems are function
formed – Holds amniotic fluid in which fetus floats
 Chorion
– Outer sac
– Protective
– Forms part of placenta

Photograph illustrating the development of an embryo.

(Petit Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

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Placenta

 Provides nourishment for fetus

 Spongy blood-filled organ
 Forms in uterus next to fetus
 Commonly called afterbirth
 Fetus attached to
placenta by umbilical cord

Photograph illustrating the development of a fetus.

(Petit Format/Nestle/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
A full-term pregnancy.

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Stages of Labor and Delivery Stages of Labor and Delivery

 Dilation stage  Expulsion stage

– First stage – Second stage
– Strong uterine muscle – Begins with full dilation of
contractions pushes fetus cervix
against cervix – Ends with birth of baby
 Effacement  Crowning
– Thinning of the cervix – When head appears
 Dilation
– Expands to 10 cm

Dilation stage of labor and delivery.

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Stages of Labor and Delivery

 Placental stage
– Third stage
– Uterus continues to contract
– Placenta is delivered

Expulsion stage of labor and delivery. Placental stage of labor and delivery.

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Caesarian Delivery Male Reproductive System at a Glance

 Functions of Male Reproductive System

– Produces sperm
– Delivers sperm to female reproductive tract
– Secretes male sex hormones

Male [ andr/o ]
Reproductive System

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Male Reproductive System at a Glance Male Combining Forms Male Combining Forms

 Organs of Male Reproductive System  andr/o male  prostat/o prostate

– Testes  balan/o glans penis  spermat/o sperm
– Epididymis
 crypt/o hidden  testicul/o testes
– Vas deferens
– Seminal vesicle  epididym/o epididymis  varic/o varicose veins
– Prostate gland  orch/o testes  vas/o vas deferens
– Bulbourethral gland  orchi/o testes  vesicul/o seminal vesicle
– Penis
 orchid/o testes

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Male Suffixes Anatomy and Physiology - Function External Genitalia

 –spermia condition of sperm  Testes produce sperm  Located outside the body
 Vas deferens and epididymis transport semen – Penis
 Reproductive glands add vital fluids to sperm – Two testes

– Produces semen – Two epididymides (plural for epididymis)

 Penis delivers semen to vagina
 Testes produce male sex hormones
– Testosterone

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Internal Genitalia Testes

 Located in pelvic cavity  Singular is testis; also

– Two vas deferentia (plural for vas deferens) called testicles
– Two seminal vesicles  Oval-shaped organs in
– Prostate gland scrotum
– Two bulbourethral glands  Produce sperm

The male reproductive system.

Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht All rights reserved.

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Testes Spermatogenesis

 Secrete testosterone  Process that produces sperm

– Necessary for proper – Occurs within seminiferous tubules of testes
development of sperm  The testes must be maintained at proper temperature for
– Stimulates growth and
development of male sperm to survive
reproductive organs – This lower temperature level is achieved by suspending testes in
– Produces male secondary scrotum outside body
sexual characteristics – Scrotum is sac that contains testes, epididymides, and beginning
of vas deferentia

Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.

Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht All rights reserved.

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Epididymis

 Coiled tube-shaped organ

 Lies on top of testes
within scrotum
 Location for sperm
maturation and storage
 Releases sperm into vas
deferens

Electronmicrograph of human sperm. (Juergen Berger, Max-Planck

Institute/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.) Figure 10.20 – The male reproductive system.

Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht All rights reserved. Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht All rights reserved.

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Penis Penis Urethra

 Shaft of penis  Contains erectile tissue  Male urethra extends from urinary bladder to the external
– Contains urethra  Increased blood flow during sexual stimulation results in opening at tip of penis
 Glans penis erection – Urinary meatus
– Tip of the penis – Allows it to be placed within vagina
 Serves a dual function:
– Protected, covered by the – Elimination of urine
– Ejaculation of semen
prepuce (foreskin) – Ejaculation of semen
– During ejaculation, sphincter closes to keep urine from escaping
– Sometimes referred to as Genitourinary System

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Vas Deferens Spermatic Cord

 Carries sperm from  Cord-like structure between pelvic cavity and scrotum
epididymis up into pelvic  Consists of:
cavity – Two vas deferentia
– Travels up in front of urinary
– Nerves
bladder, over top, and then
back down posterior side of – Arteries
the bladder – Veins
– Empties into urethra – Lymphatic vessels

The male reproductive system.

Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Medical Terminology: A Living Language, Fourth Edition Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
Bonnie F. Fremgen and Suzanne S. Frucht All rights reserved.

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Seminal Vesicles Seminal Vesicles

 Two glands  Secrete a fluid that nourishes sperm

 At base of urinary bladder – Rich in glucose
 This fluid, along with sperm, constitutes semen
 Connected to vas
– Fluid ejaculated during sexual intercourse
deferens just before it
empties into urethra

The male reproductive system.

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Prostate Gland Prostate Gland

 Single gland located just  Secretes alkaline fluid

below urinary bladder – Neutralizes pH of urethra and vagina
 Surrounds urethra – Critical for sperm survival
– Vas deferens empties into
urethra within prostate

 Enlargement of prostate puts pressure on

both urethra and vas deferens
– Causes problems with both urination and ejaculation

The male reproductive system.

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Bulbourethral Gland

 Also known as
Cowper’s glands
 Two small glands
– Either side of urethra
– Just below prostate
 Secrete mucus-like
lubricating fluid

The male reproductive system. The male reproductive system.

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Word Building with andr/o & balan/o Word Building with epididym/o & orch/o Word Building with orchi/o & orchid/o

–gen androgen male producing –ectomy epididymectomy removal of epididymis –ectomy orchiectomy removal of testes

–pathy andropathy male disease –al epididymal pertaining to epididymis –otomy orchiotomy incision into testes
–itis epididymitis inflammation of epididymis –plasty orchioplasty surgical repair of testes

–itis balanitis inflammation of glans penis

–plasty balanoplasty surgical repair of glans penis an– –ism anorchism condition of no testes –ectomy orchidectomy removal of testes
–rrhea balanorrhea discharge from glans penis –pexy orchidopexy surgical fixation of testes

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Word Building with prostat/o & spermat/o Word Building with testicul/o & vesicul/o Word Building with –spermia

–itis prostatitis inflammation of prostate –ar testicular pertaining to testes a– aspermia condition of no sperm

oligo– oligospermia condition of scanty sperm

–ectomy prostatectomy removal of prostate –ar vesicular pertaining to seminal vesicles

–ic spermatic pertaining to sperm

prostatic pertaining to prostate

-lysis spermatolysis destruction of sperm

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Male Reproductive System Vocabulary Testes Pathology Prostate Gland Pathology

inability to engage in sexual intercourse due to cryptorchidism failure of testes to descend into scrotum
erectile before birth benign prostatic noncancerous enlargement of prostate gland;
inability to maintain an erection; also called
dysfunction (ED) common in older men
impotence hypertrophy (BPH)
hydrocele accumulation of fluid around testes or along
inability to father children due to a problem with spermatic cord
sterility spermatogenesis malignant tumor of prostate gland
testicular carcinoma malignant tumor of testes prostate cancer

testicular torsion twisting of spermatic cord

varicocele varicose veins of the spermatic cord

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Penis Pathology Sexually Transmitted Disease Sexually Transmitted Disease

congenital opening of urethra on dorsal surface of chancroid highly infections non-syphilitic venereal ulcer human
epispadias sexually transmitted virus that attacks immune
penis immunodeficiency
chlamydia bacterial genital infection in males & females system
virus (HIV)
hypospadias congenital opening of urethra on underside of
penis genital disease usually acquired as a result of sexual
viral infection that appears like blisters sexually transmitted
phimosis herpes intercourse; formerly called venereal disease
narrowing of prepuce; constricts glans penis disease (STD)
warts on the genitalia of both males & females; caused (VD)
persistent and painful erection; caused by genital warts
priapism by a virus syphilis chronic bacterial infection; attacks multiple
pathology, not sexual stimulation organs including brain
gonorrhea bacterial infection of mucous membranes of males &
(GC) females trichomoniasis genitourinary infection caused by a protist in
both males and females

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Clinical Laboratory Tests Additional Diagnostic Tests Surgical Procedures

prostate-specific digital rectal castration removal of testes

blood test to screen for prostate cancer manual examination for enlarged prostate
antigen (PSA) exam (DRE)
circumcision removal of prepuce
part of fertility workup; analyzed for number, surgical fixation to pin undescended testes
semen analysis swimming strength, and shape orchidopexy
in scrotum

process of rendering a male or female

sterilization unable to conceive children

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Surgical Procedures Male Reproductive System Pharmacology

removal of prostate tissue by inserting replacement of male Andronate,

transurethral resection of androgen therapy
device through urethra hormones DepAndro
prostate (TUR, TURP)
removal of a segment of vas deferens to
vasectomy shrinks benign prostatic Proscar,
prevent sperm from ejaculating antiprostatic agents hypertrophy Avodart
reconnects ends of vas deferens to
vasovasostomy reverse a vasectomy erectile dysfunction temporarily produces
Viagra, Cialis
agents erection

Semicid, Ortho-
spermatocide destroys sperm
Gynol

A vasectomy.

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Male Reproductive System Male Reproductive System REFERENCES:

Abbreviations Abbreviations

BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy RPR rapid plasma reagin (test for syphilis) 1. Brooks, D.L., Brooks, M.L., & Levinsky D. (2019). Basic Medical
Language, 6th Edition. Elsevier.
DRE digital rectal exam SPP suprapubic prostatectomy 2. Ehrlich, A., & Schroeder, C. (2014). Introduction to Medical
ED STD Terminology, 3rd Edition. Cengage Learning.
erectile dysfunction sexually transmitted disease
3. Fremgen, B. & Frucht, S. (2018). Medical Terminology: A Living
GC gonorrhea TUR transurethral resection Language, 7TH Edition. Pearson.
GU genitourinary TURP transurethral resection of prostate 4. Hutton, Andrew (2016). An Introduction to Medical Terminology for
Health Care, 5th Edition. Elsevier.
PSA prostate-specific antigen VD venereal disease 5. Rice, J. (2018). Medical Terminology for Health Care Professionals,
9th Edition. Pearson.
6. Whitchurch, M. (2014) HSC 1531 Medical Terminology for
Healthcare Professionals, Florida State College of Jacksonville

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