MLA (9th Edition)

Website:

Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Page or Article”. Title of Site, Sponsor or Publisher
[include only if different from website title or author], Date of Publication or Update Date, URL.
Accessed [Date]

In-text: (Author Last Name or page title)

Book:

Author Last Name, First Name. Title, Publisher, Year.

In-text: (Author Last Name Page Number)

E-Book

Author Last Name, First Name. Title. Edition if given and is not the first edition, Publisher Name
often shortened, Year and publication. Name of Library Database, Permalink URL

Journal Article from Database

Author Last Name, First Name. “Title”. Journal/Magazine/Newspaper Title, Publication

Information [volume, issue/number, year, pages]. Name of Database, DOI, Permalink or
shortened URL for article in the database

In-text: (Author Last Name Page Number)

Magazine:
Two authors:

In-text:

APA (7th Edition)

Last Name, A. F. N. (Published year, Published month Published day). Title. Website Title.

Retrieved Accessed month Accessed day, Accessed year, from URL

Journal Article

Smith, H., & Johnson, K. (2010). APA format can be fun. Journal of Educational Idealism, 24,

127–135.doi.org/10.1237/0268-6155.24.3.221

The Plagiarism Spectrum 2.0

1. Original Thinking
- When someone submits assignments that are either won work, composed of original
ideas built on attributed resources

2. Student Collusion
- Working with other students on an assignment meant for individual assessment

3. Inadvertent Plagiarism
- Forgetting to prosperity cite or quote a source or unintentionally paraphrasing

4. Word-for-word plagiarism
- Copying and pasting content without proper attribution
5. Paraphrase Plagiarism
- Rephrasing a source’s ideas without proper attribution

6. Self-Plagiarism
- Reusing one’s previously published or submitted work without proper attribution

7. Computer Code Plagiarism

- Copying or adapting source code without permission from and attribution to the original
creator

8. Mosaic Plagiarism
- Weaving phrases and text from several sources into one’s own work
- Adjusting sentences without quotation marks or attribution

9. Source-based plagiarism
- Providing inaccurate or incomplete information about sources such that they cannot be
found

10. Software-based Modification

- Taking content written by another and running it through a software tool (text spinner,
translation engine) to evade plagiarism detection

11. Manual Text Modification

- Manipulating text with the intention of misleading plagiarism detection software

12. Contract Cheating

- Engaging a third party (for free, for pay, or in-kind) to complete an assignment and
representing that as one’s open work

13. Data Plagiarism

- Falsifying or fabricating data or improperly appropriating someone else’s work, putting a
researcher, institution, or publisher’s reputation in jeopardy
Abad, M. (2023, June 24). Philippines improves in 2023 world gender equality ranking. Rappler

Philippines. Retrieved October 4, 2023, from

https://www.rappler.com/nation/philippines-improves-global-gender-gap-index-2023/?fbcl

id=IwAR3M4tdaO7iF1YTEzPEdwZoChFUrwyFQ54nhHuRkilNPpe_OGVsLBiSAroA

- In 2022, the Philippines was ranked 19th place among 146 countries in the World
Economic Forum’s (WEF) Global Gender Gap Index report
- This measures gender equality based on four key dimensions which are:
- Economic participation
- Opportunity
- Health and survival
- Educational attainment
- Political empowerment
- Recently, the Philippines moved three spots up to the 16th place in WEF’s latest GGGR
- With an average score of 0.791 (0 is gender imparity and 1 is parity), the Philippines
scored the highest in educational attainment (0.999) while scoring the lowest in political
empowerment (0.409)
- It could be observed that the Philippines is improving when it comes to closing the
gender gap between men and women in the four critical dimensions mentioned.
However, it does not hide that there is still room for improvement reflected in where the
Philippines attained the lowest score of 0.409 in political empowerment.

Rodriguez, F. (2016, March 1). IN NUMBERS: Women in PH politics. Rappler.

https://www.rappler.com/moveph/124248-women-politics-governance/

- The political empowerment factor measures the extent of how equal men and women
are in decision-making in politics.
- With the efforts of the government to uphold narrowing the gender gap in the Philippines
by enforcing laws against gender discrimination such as the Magna Carta of Women.
There are still lapses that are evident especially in the past 6, elections where more men
have ran and won more than women.
- According to Comelec, in the House of Representatives, 60 women sit next to 174 men.
 - This disparity of numbers is not only observed in national posts but also in the local
government.
- RA 7192 or the Women in Development and Nation Building Act was also enacted in
light of the evident disparity of the number of men and women in the senate.
- (While it is undeniable that the government is trying to alleviate the gender inequality
between men and women in politics, it is still evident today that men are more likely to
lead and be in-charge of the decision-making related endeavors for the country)

MEN, HETEROSEXUALITY AND EMOTIONAL LIFE

Jeleniewski Seidler
- British sociologist known for his works on masculinity, gender, and emotion
- Published in 2009

Book
- Delves into the complex interplay between masculinity, emotional expression, and
heterosexuality, examining how societal expectations and norms surrounding gender
roles affect the emotional lives of men, particularly in the context of heterosexual
relationships
- Critical analysis of the societal construction of masculinity and its impact

Now, think of Philippine culture. Think of its norms and how those norms affect the people that
are part of that culture.

Then, in at least two paragraphs (with each paragraph having at least three sentences), talk
about how our local culture has prevented you from being truly yourself.