POWER FAILURE ALARM

Circuit
(Using SCR and BJT)

MINI PROJECT REPORT

submitted by

RENUGHADEVI C K 2022505016 MIT

BHARATH R 2022505017 MIT
MUTHUPRIYADHARSHINI M 2022505018 MIT

Under the guidance of

Dr. Sabitha Ramakrishnan

Dr.Sutha
Dept of Instrumentation Engineering
Anna University, MIT Campus

in partial fulfillment for the completion of

EI5211 ANALOG SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

DEPARTMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

MADRAS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS
ANNA UNIVERSITY:CHENNAI-600 044

DATE:09.08.2023

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that Mini Project entitled “Power Failure Alarm Circuit” is the bonafide
work of

RENUGHADEVI C K 2022505016 MIT

BHARATH R 2022505017 MIT

MUTHUPRIYADHARSHININI M 2022505018 MIT

students of II Semester B.E (E&I), who carried out the project work as part of the

practical course EI5211 Analog Signal Processing Lab, during the period April –

July 2023, under our supervision.

Dr. S. SUTHA Dr. SABITHA RAMAKRISHNAN

Professor Professor
Department of Instrumentation Engg Department of Instrumentation Engg
MIT Campus, Anna University MIT Campus, Anna University

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to record our sincere thanks to Dr.J.Prakash, Dean, MIT, for providing
the facilities in the MIT campus for carrying out our Mini Project.

We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. S.Srinivasan, Professor & Head,
Department of Instrumentation Engineering, Madras Institute of Technology
Campus, Anna University, for providing the necessary software and laboratory
facilities for designing and testing our circuits.

We would like to record our sincere gratitude to Dr.Sabitha Ramakrishnan and Dr.
S.Sutha, Professors of Instrumentation Engineering and faculty members in charge
of the practical course EI5211 Analog Signal Processing Lab, for their complete
guidance to carry out this project work and also for suggesting necessary corrections
to complete the project.

We wish to thank Mr. J. Raman, Senior Technical Assistant, Mr. K.R.

Gnanaprakash, Lab Instructor, Ms. M. Ilamathi, Ph.D Scholar and Ms. C.
Meena, PG student, for their support and help during the practical sessions in
Electronics Lab.

RENUGHADEVI C K
BHARATH R
MUTHUPRIYADHARSHINI M

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PG
NO TITLE NO

1 INTRODUCTION 5

2 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 5

3 COMPONENTS USED 5

4 CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC 6

5 WORKING PRINCIPLE 7

6 RESULTS 8

7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 8

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 POWER FAILURE ALARM
(USING BJT AND SCR)

INTRODUCTION:

The Power Failure Alarm System is a crucial aspect of

ensuring uninterrupted power supply in various applications (e.g.,
In fish tanks). The system will monitor the power supply and
generate an audible alarm when a power failure is detected,
alerting users to take necessary actions.

OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of power failure alarm circuit is to notify

the power loss to the people in various objects

COMPONENTS USED:

 1 x 15K resistor (R1)

 1 x 3.3K resistor (R2)
 2 x 1.2K resistors (R3, R4)
 1 x BC547 (BJT)
 1 x 10uF electrolytic capacitor
 4 x 1N4001 semiconductor diodes (D1, D2, D3, D4)
 1 x C106Y1 thyristor (TR1)
 1 x 240 VAC to 12 VAC , 500mA transformer (T1)
 1 x 5 volts buzzer
 1 x 9-volt battery (BAT).

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CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC:

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

This Main Power failure alarm circuit is connected to the

power grid via the transformer T1. The AC voltage is rectified by
the diode D1 and is flattened by the electrolytic capacitor C1. When
there is a voltage on the anode of D2 (12 volts or more), D2 is in
ON state. The transistor Q1 is in saturation while maintaining the
gate of the SCR (TR1) at a low voltage level. The SCR is not
triggered, there is no current conduction and no alarm. The SCR is
always powered by a 9volt battery.

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 When there is no power, the voltage on the transformer
secondary disappears, the transistor Q1 is placed in the cutoff
region. The diode D2 is off and prevents the transistor to enter
the saturation region with the battery power. The battery forward
biases diode D3 and a current flow through R2, R3 and R4
resistors.

When the voltage level on the gate of the thyristor rises and
TR1 becomes conductive. The current through the thyristor
activates the buzzer that notifies the absence of power.

Thus, the absence of power can be detected using BJT and

SCR and is notified by buzzer.

PROCEDURE:

The power failure alarm system was implemented using the

following steps:

1. Assemble the components on a breadboard or PCB

according to the circuit diagram.
2. Ensure proper connections and component placement.
3. Test the circuit with a controlled power supply to verify its
functionality.
4. Observe the behavior of the circuit during power failure and
confirm the buzzer activation.

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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS:

Upon successful implementation, the power failure alarm system

exhibited the following outcomes:

• Audible alarm activation during simulated power failures.

• Reliable SCR-triggered buzzer operation.

• Effective detection of power supply interruptions.

CONCLUSION:

This mini project successfully demonstrates the design,

implementation, and functionality of the power failure system.
The SCR-based circuit proved to be a reliable method for
detecting power failures and generating alarms, ensuring prompt
user awareness and action.

REFERENCES:

1.“Basics Concepts of electronic circuits” by SALIVAHANAN

2. https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/basic_concepts/

3. https://electronicsarea.com/main-power-failure-alarm-
circuit/