Professional Documents
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Refrigeration Compressors
A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic
Refrigeration Compressors
period one
Compressor Types
TRG-TRC004-EN 1
HANDOUTS
scroll
reciprocating
helical-rotary
Reciprocating Compressor
intake
stroke
discharge
valve
suction
valve
refrigerant piston
vapor
rod
cylinder
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 2
HANDOUTS
Reciprocating Compressor
compression
stroke
discharge
valve
suction
valve
Reciprocating Compressor
headspace
discharge
valve
suction
valve
discharge
opening
TRG-TRC004-EN 3
HANDOUTS
Reciprocating Compressor
suction cylinder headspace
opening
discharge
opening
piston
rod
motor crankshaft
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Scroll Compressor
stationary
scroll
discharge
discharge
port
intake intake
motor
driven shaft
scroll
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 4
HANDOUTS
Scroll Compressor
journal motor
bearing shaft
direction
of rotation
driven
scroll
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Scroll Compressor
intake
discharge
port
intake
TRG-TRC004-EN 5
HANDOUTS
Scroll Compressor
intake
phase
compression
phase
discharge
phase
Scroll Compressor
dome
discharge
opening
scrolls
motor
suction
opening
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 6
HANDOUTS
Helical-Rotary Compressor
female rotor
male rotor
housing
TRG-TRC004-EN 7
HANDOUTS
Helical-Rotary Compressor
intake
port
Helical-Rotary Compressor
discharge
meshing point port
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 8
HANDOUTS
Helical-Rotary Compressor
suction
opening
slide valve
motor
rotors
discharge
opening
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Centrifugal Compressor
impeller
TRG-TRC004-EN 9
HANDOUTS
Centrifugal Compressor
volute
diffuser
passages
radial
impeller
passages
blades impeller
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Centrifugal Compressor
refrigerant
enters
diffuser
velocity
refrigerant
refrigerant enters volute
static pressure
enters impeller
TRG-TRC004-EN 10
HANDOUTS
Centrifugal Compressor
motor
inlet
vanes
suction impeller
Open Compressor
housing
compressor
crankshaft
TRG-TRC004-EN 11
HANDOUTS
Hermetic Compressor
housing
motor
compressor
piston
Semihermetic Compressor
piston
compressor
crankshaft
motor
housing
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 12
HANDOUTS
Refrigeration Compressors
period two
Compressor Capacity Control
Variable Speed
TRG-TRC004-EN 13
HANDOUTS
Cylinder Unloaders
controller
unloader
solenoid valve
piston
unloader cylinder
valve
refrigerant discharge
© American Standard Inc. 2000 vapor Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Cylinder Unloaders
controller
unloader
solenoid valve
unloader
valve
refrigerant discharge
© American Standard Inc. 2000 vapor Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 14
HANDOUTS
20 tons
[70.3 kW]
0 tons
[0 kW] 20°F 30°F 40°F 50°F
[-6.7°C] [-1.1°C] [4.4°C] [10°C]
Compressor Unloading
40 tons
[140.7 kW]
B A
capacity
20 tons D
[70.3 kW] C
E
F
0 tons
[0 kW] 20°F 30°F 40°F 50°F
[-6.7°C] [-1.1°C] [4.4°C] [10°C]
TRG-TRC004-EN 15
HANDOUTS
B A
capacity
25 tons
20 tons
[88 kW] D
[70.3 kW] C
0 tons
[0 kW] 20°F 30°F 40°F 50°F
[-6.7°C] [-1.1°C] [4.4°C] [10°C]
on off on off
TRG-TRC004-EN 16
HANDOUTS
D
C
capacity
20 tons F
[70.3 kW] E
H
G
0 tons
[0 kW] 20°F 30°F 40°F 50°F
[-6.7°C] [-1.1°C] [4.4°C] [10°C]
© American Standard Inc. 2000 suction temperature Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 17
HANDOUTS
Slide Valve
discharge housing
port
rotors
slide valve
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Slide Valve
discharge
port
valve
opening
full load part load
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 18
HANDOUTS
Inlet Vanes
inlet vanes
impeller
Inlet Vanes
A
90
pressure difference
B 75
C
51 63
36
10 14 25 vane position
(degrees)
unloading line
TRG-TRC004-EN 19
HANDOUTS
Variable Speed
variable-speed
drive
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Refrigeration Compressors
period three
The Compressor in a System
TRG-TRC004-EN 20
HANDOUTS
System-Level Control
chilled water
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Constant-Volume DX System
supply
fan
DX cooling
coil
compressor
capacity thermostat
controller
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 21
HANDOUTS
Variable-Air-Volume DX System
sensor
supply
fan
DX cooling VAV
coil box
compressor
capacity thermostat
controller
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
Chilled-Water System
supply
coil fan
modulating
water valve
thermostat
evaporator
pump compressor
© American Standard Inc. 2000 capacity controller Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 22
HANDOUTS
20 tons F
[70.3 kW] E
H
I G
0 tons
[0 kW] 20°F 30°F 40°F 50°F
[-6.7°C] [-1.1°C] [4.4°C] [10°C]
© American Standard Inc. 2000 suction temperature Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
condenser
expansion compressor
valve suction
line
sensor
evaporator
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 23
HANDOUTS
expansion valve
evaporator
liquid line
hot gas
bypass valve distributor
liquid line
evaporator
hot gas
bypass valve
solenoid
valve
TRG-TRC004-EN 24
HANDOUTS
Refrigeration Compressors
period four
Review
Review—Period One
scroll
reciprocating
helical-rotary
centrifugal
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 25
HANDOUTS
Review—Period Two
Reciprocating Cylinder Unloaders
Scroll Cycle On and Off
Helical-Rotary Slide Valve
Centrifugal Inlet Vanes
Variable-Speed
Review—Period Three
System-level control
Constant-volume DX system
Control by sensing space temperature
VAV DX system
Control by sensing supply air temperature
Chilled-water system
Control by sensing temperature of water leaving evaporator
Preventing evaporator freeze-up
Sensing suction temperature
Hot gas bypass
© American Standard Inc. 2000 Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC004-EN
TRG-TRC004-EN 26
HANDOUTS
TRG-TRC004-EN 27