UNIT 1: Chemistry

Lesson 1: Physical vs Chemical Changes

Chemistry – the study of ___________, its ________________ and its changes or ________________.

Click or tap here

Click or tap here Click or tap here

Click or tap here Click or tap here Click or tap here Click or tap here

▪ Ma er – anything that has ___________ and takes up space (________________)

▪ __________ Substance – a substance that contains ______________________________ of

ma er; ______________ or ______________

▪ Element – pure substance that ______________________________ into simpler parts by

chemical methods

▪ Compound – pure substance made of ______________________ di erent _____________ that

are chemically combined

▪ Mixture (____________ Substance) – ma er that contains ______________________________

_______________________________

▪ __________________ Mixture – mixture that has a ____________ composi on throughout;

e.g., solu ons and alloys

▪ __________________ Mixture – mixture that _________________________ a uniform

composi on throughout; e.g., metal ore
tt
tt
ti
ti
tt
ff
ti
 PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL
Physical Change

– a change in ma er in which __________________________ is formed

Changes of State

Physical Proper es
– part of an object that can be experienced using one of the ________ human ____________:
__________, __________, __________, ___________ or ___________ or, detected through any
measuring tool

o ________________ – characteris cs of a substance that can be ________________ but not

measured. E.g., colour, odour, _________, lustre, malleability, state of ma er, etc.

o ________________ – characteris c of a substance that can be ______________.

E.g., boiling point, density, _______________
tt
ti
ti
ti
tt
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
The following physical proper es are used to describe a substance as you see it.

Property of Descrip on of Property Some words to use

Ma er
STATE --------- Solid (s), liquid (l), gas(g)

COLOUR --------- Blue, red, orange, colourless, …

ODOUR The smell of a substance Fragrant, sharp, spicy, sweet, odourless, …

TASTE ***Never taste in the lab!!*** Spicy, sweet, salty, bi er, tasteless, …

TEXTURE The feel of a substance Rough, smooth, ne, dull, course, silky, ….

LUSTRE The ability of an object to re ect light Shiny, dull

Transparent – clear
CLARITY The transmission of light Translucent – cloudy
Opaque – cannot see through it
Crystalline – a regular shape
FORM Substance with a regular shape Amorphous – an irregular shape (powder)
Granular – chunks
Hard So
HARDNESS Resistance to scratching
10………......………5……………………1

SOLUBILITY Ability to dissolve in acid/water

Soluble in water, soluble in an acid
Ability to be stretched into a long wire
DUCTILITY like shape Duc le, not duc le
e.g. a coiled copper wire
Ability to be hammered into thin
MALLEABILITY sheets Flexible, malleable
e.g. aluminum foil
The resistance of a liquid ( uid) to Low viscosity to High viscosity
VISCOSITY owing Pours thin pours thick
Does it ow easily??? Water…..vegetable oil... to .….syrup…...tar
MELTING/ FREEZING/ Ice freezes at 0C̊
Fixed changes of state values
BOILING POINTS Water boils at 100C̊
The amount of ma er per unit volume
Water has a density of 1g/ml
Formula:
DENSITY If a substance oats, it is less dense than water.
density = mass
If a substance sinks, it is more dense than water.
volume
fl
tt
ti
fl
ti
fl
ti
fi
tt
tt
fl
fl
ti
ft
 Chemical Change

– change in ma er in which __________________________________________, with new

________________, is formed.

Clues to a Chemical Change

1. _________ or ___________ is ________________ or ________________.

2. A solid (_____________________) forms in a liquid solu on, or the solu on becomes
_____________
3. _____________ form, indica ng that a ________ is present
4. A _____________ ______________ occurs
5. The change is ______________ to ______________

Chemical Proper es

– iden es how a speci c type of ma er will __________ and ___________ when

_____________ with another type of ma er

How does one substance change its proper es to become a new substance?

• __________, __________, or _________________ may be added

• It can ____________ with ____________ or __________

EXAMPLES:
1. ______________________
• When a substance reacts with ___________ to produce _________ _________
and __________
E.g., burning gasoline

2. REACTION with an ___________

• Eg. ______________ __________ reacts with an acid to produce ___________
________
ti
fi
tt
ti
fi
ti
tt
tt
ti
ti
ti
 RECAP: PHYSICAL vs. CHEMICAL CHANGES
Physical Change:
• Does not form a new substance
• Is a change in state, shape, or form

*_______________ (the ability of a substance to dissolve), is a PHYSICAL PROPERTY.

Therefore, when a substance dissolves, it is a PHYSICAL CHANGE.

Chemical Change:
• A substance is changed into
one or more new substances
with ________ and
______________ roper es.

Iden fy the following as Physical or Chemical Changes

DESCRIPTION PHYSICAL or CHEMICAL CHANGE?

ice cream melts on a hot August day

sand turns a dark brown when water is added

a piece of magnesium begins to glow a er it is

held in the presence of a Bunsen burner’s ame
a friend makes Kool Aid by mixing the crystals in
water
the light of a re y can be seen in the evening

two colourless solu ons are mixed, and the

resul ng solu on is cloudy and white
a friend adds some water to a container that has
frozen orange juice concentrate in it
ti
ti
fi
ti
fl
ti
ti
ft
fl
 SPLINT TESTS

Burning Splint Test

➔ Hydrogen Gas Test
Observa on Explana on
Hydrogen gas is very
___________________
_________________ will
and in the presence of
__________
heat or re it will
and go out
________________ at a
certain temperature

Glowing Splint Test

➔ Oxygen Gas Test
Observa on Explana on
Oxygen is needed for a
_______________________
___________________ splint
reac on. (wooden splint =
will ________________
fuel + heat energy source +
oxygen = ame)

LIMEWATER TEST
➔Carbon Dioxide Test
ti
fi
ti
ti
ti
ti
fl
 Observa on Explana on
Carbon dioxide reacts with
the lime to form
______________ will come
_______________
out of the glass tube in the
__________________ (a
limewater. The limewater will
solid precipitate) that
turn _______________.
makes the water appear
cloudy
ti
ti
 Classi ca on Worksheet: Physical and Chemical Change
• Classify each of the following as a physical change or a chemical change by placing a √ in the correct column

• If you choose chemical change, indicate which clue (piece(s) of evidence) lead(s) you to this conclusion.
Place a checkmark in the correct box(es) of the last column.

• Recap: the clues are a colour change, the forma on of a new gas, forma on of a precipitate, or a change in energy

Physical Chemical
Observed Change Evidence of Chemical Change
Change Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
1. Rus ng of an iron nail
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
2. Toas ng of Bread
□ Energy Change
3. Evapora on of water from □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
a puddle □ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
4. Forma on of clouds
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
5. Tarnishing of silver
□ Energy Change
6. Flashing of an electronic □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
ash in a camera □ Energy Change
7. Turning oxygen gas to □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
explosive liquid oxygen □ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
8. The baking of a cake
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
9. The frying of an egg
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
10. The ligh ng of a cigare e
□ Energy Change
11. The crushing of stones □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
into gravel □ Energy Change
12. Dissolving sugar in hot □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
Water □ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
13. Ripping up a report card
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
14. Burning a newspaper
□ Energy Change
15. Pop foaming as it is □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
poured into a glass □ Energy Change
16. The diges on of food in □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
your stomach □ Energy Change
17. The chewing of food in □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
your mouth □ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
18. A re y glows at night
□ Energy Change
fl
ti
fi
ti
fi
ti
fl
ti
ti
ti
ti
tt
ti
ti
 19. A tree’s leaves change □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
colour in the fall □ Energy Change
Physical Chemical
Observed Change Evidence of Chemical Change
Change Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
20. A candle giving o light
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
21. A candle’s wax mel ng
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
22. An ar st’s pain ng dries
□ Energy Change
23. When a colourless
solu on of silver nitrate □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
is added to saltwater, a □ Energy Change
white solid is formed
24. Adding alka-seltzer to □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
water causes zzing □ Energy Change
25. Hea ng water past 100oC □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
causes bubbles to appear □ Energy Change
26. Your skin becomes □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
tanned in the summer □ Energy Change
27. Adding vinegar to milk
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
forms yellow, sour
□ Energy Change
bu ermilk
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
28. Erasing a pencil mark
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
29. Sal ng ice on a sidewalk
□ Energy Change
30. Burning gasoline in a car □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
engine □ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
31. Crushing ice in a blender
□ Energy Change
32. Using baking powder in □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
baking a cake □ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
33. Bending a metal wire
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
34. Slicing a block of cheese
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
35. Mel ng ice cream
□ Energy Change
36. Adding bleach to a
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
washing machine full of
□ Energy Change
clothes
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
37. Cu ng the front lawn
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
38. Cu ng a tree branch
□ Energy Change
tt
tti
tti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
fi
ti
ff
ti
 □ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
39. Wadding up a Kleenex
□ Energy Change
□ Colour Change □ New Gas forms □ Precipitate forms
40. Chewing gum
□ Energy Change

THE PERIODIC TABLE – WORKSHEET

Fill in the blanks (use pg. 184 to complete)

1. The Periodic Table is a list of _____________________________.

2. A column that goes up and down (ver cal) is called a __________________ or

____________________.

3. A horizontal row (side to side) is called a ____________________.

4. Elements in the same column tend to react __________________.

5. Metals are found on the _________________ side of the staircase.

6. Non-metals are found on the _______________ side of the staircase.

7. Noble gases do not __________________ with other elements.

8. The number at the top of each element le is called the ________________

number.

9. The le er(s) on each le is/are known as the ___________ _____________ for

each element.

Label the Periodic Table

1. Iden fy the rst 20 elements in the periodic table.

2. Draw in a staircase separa ng the metals from the non-metals.

3. Colour the alkali metals (Group 1/IA) red, the alkaline earth metals (Group 2/IIA)
blue, the metalloids purple, the halogens (Group 17/VIIB) yellow and the noble
gases (Group 18/VIIIB) green.
ti
tt
fi
ti
ti
ti
ti
 ELEMENTS OF THE PERIODIC TABLE
CROSSWORD

Across Down
1. Ni 12. Au 25. H 13. Li 24. Cu
2. Cl

3. Pb 14. Be 26. O 4. F 16. Hg 29. Ne

5. Ag 15. K 27. Na 7. He 17. N 30. S
6. I 21. Sn 8. Fe 18. P
28. Al

9. B 22. C 31. U 9. Br 19. Zn

10. Si 23. Mg 11. Ca 20. Ar
 *LABEL ME!*

Sta
sid
me

H= He = Li = Be = B= C= N= O= F= Ne =

hydrogen

Na = Mg = Si = P= S= Ar = K= Ca =
Al = Cl =
ft