Baghdad University

Al-Khwarizmi College of Engineering

Department of Biomedical Engineering

By:
Fatima Kadim Abdel Amer
Supervisor:
MSc. Mohammed Rashid
 WHAT IS A SKULL

• The skull is the bony structure that forms the

head of vertebrates, including humans. It
serves as a protective enclosure for the brain
and supports other important sensory organs,
such as the eyes, ears, and nose. The skull is
composed of multiple bones that are
interconnected to provide strength and
stability.
 PART OF SKULL
• The skull consists of two main parts: the cranium and the facial skeleton. The cranium

forms the upper part of the skull and encloses and protects the brain. It is made up

of several bones, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and

ethmoid bones. The facial skeleton forms the lower part of the skull and includes

bones such as the maxilla (upper jaw), mandible (lower jaw), zygomatic bones

(cheekbones), nasal bones, and others.

 STRACTURE OF SKULLS
• Cranium:
• Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, and Ethmoid Bones.

• Facial Skeleton:
• Maxilla, Mandible, Zygomatic Bones, Nasal Bones, Lacrimal Bones, Palatine
Bones, Vomer Bone, and Inferior Nasal Conchae.
• The skull plays a crucial role in protecting the brain and other sensory structures within the
head. Here are some ways in which the skull contributes to safeguarding the brain:

• 1. Strong skeletal structure: The skull is composed of several bones that are interconnected
by joints, including immovable joints known as sutures. This sturdy skeletal structure
provides mechanical protection for the brain against external shocks and injuries.

• 2. Shock absorption: The skull consists of two outer layers of bone, with a thin layer of
porous bone known as the cortical wall in between. This cortical wall has the ability to
absorb shocks and disperse the force, reducing its transmission to the brain.
 The Skull safeguarding the brain
• 3. Air-filled cavities: Within the skull, there are air-filled cavities surrounded by bones. These air-
filled cavities act as natural air cushions, further reducing the impact of shocks and assisting in
distributing the force over a larger area.

• 4. Size and shape: The size and shape of the skull contribute to brain protection. The skull
surrounds the brain from all sides, providing a protective layer around it. It helps redirect external
forces away from vulnerable and sensitive areas such as the cranial base and sensory regions.

• In addition to the bony protection, there are also fluids surrounding the brain, such as
cerebrospinal fluid and the meninges, which line and cushion the brain, further shielding it from
shocks and external stresses.

• Together, this structural composition of the skull provides a robust and effective shield for the
brain, reducing the impact of shocks and injuries on this vital organ.